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HalderOur Nature/ Our Nature│December(2016), 2016│14 14 (1): 92(1):-9892-98 ISSN: 1991-2951 (Print) ISSN: 2091-2781 (Online) Our Nature Journal homepage: http://nepjol.info/index.php/ON Note on taxonomy of Chlorogloeopsis fritschii (Mitra) Mitra et Pandey with soil analysis, collected from a rice field in West Bengal, India Nilu Halder Department of Botany, Raja Peary Mohan College, Uttarpara-712258, Hooghly, W.B., India E- mail: [email protected] Abstract While studying on paddy field blue green algae, author for the first time recorded a blue green algal species Chlorogloeopsis fritschii (Mitra) Mitra et Pandey from rice field soil in summer during 2013 in Hooghly, West Bengal, India. In the present paper, taxonomical description with microphotographs of the species has been provided. In addition to that, soil which was collected from the algal occurrence site has been analyzed. The different physico-chemical parameters of soil were as followed: pH: 7.1; EC: 0.142 dSm-1; OC: 6.6 mgkg-1; Ca2+: 4.6 cmol+kg-1; Na+: 0.71 cmol+kg-1; K+: 0.15 cmol+kg-1; CEC: 12.6 cmol+kg- 1; WHC: 45%. Soil textures were as: sand: 36.2%, slit: 28.1% and clay: 35.7%. This study of soil showed its nature and present nutrient content. As the alga contains heterocyst and can fix atmospheric nitrogen to soil so, it can apply in rice fields as biofertilizer to enhance the yield of rice and increase of soil fertility. Key words: Green algae, Hooghly, Physico-chemical parameters, Rice field DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/on.v14i1.16445 Manuscript details: Received: 23.01.2016 / Accepted: 18.04.2016 Citation: Halder, N. 2016. Note on taxonomy of Chlorogloeopsis fritschii (Mitra) Mitra et Pandey with soil analysis, collected from a rice field in West Bengal, India .Our Nature 14(1): 92-98. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/on.v14i1. 16445 Copyright: © Halder 2016. Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. Introduction Cyanobacteria are an ancient group of pho- evolution of biosphere in the earth (Barg- tosynthetic prokaryotes (Seal et al., 2014) hoorn, 1992; Řezanka et al., 2003) and are and Gram negative bacteria (Seal et al., able to grow in diverse habitats (Halder and 2015) that exist continuously since the early Sinha, 2013a, b). 92 Halder / Our Nature (2016), 14 (1): 92-98 The members of Nostocaceae are tri- erties are resolved, and has only been re- chomatous, mucilaginous, odoriferous, ported from this cyanobacterial strain in bluish-green, with or without sheath, hete- wet environments (Behrendt et al., 2015). rocystous or non-heterocystous, un- Chemical analysis of fatty acid composition branched. Ttropical hot, dry and, humid of this species exhibited low content of conditions help their luxuriant growth in poly-unsaturated (mono and tri) fatty acids various ecosystems (Halder, 2015). Chlo- (Kenyon, 1972). The occurrence of poly-β- rogloeopsis fritschii (Mitra) Mitra et Pan- hydroxybutyrate (PHB) in this blue-green dey is a filamentous heterocystous cyano- alga was reported earlier (Carr, 1966). PHB bacterium and shows variations in mor- is a polymer belonging to the polyester phology and diversities of functions. It can class that is used for biodegradation of plas- also tolerate varieties of climatic conditions tics. The existence of the glyoxylate cycle, required for growth and survival (Evans et a variant of the TCA cycle, has been docu- al., 1976) like that of other blue green algal mented from the type Chlorogloeopsis frit- species (Halder and Sinha, 2013a). This schii PCC 9212 and the genes responsible blue-green alga can fix atmospheric nitro- for encoding isocitrate lyase and malate gen to a limited extent in soil (Fay, 1965) synthase enzymes are also identified. The and nitrogen-fixing activity is found great- glyoxylate cycle helps to coordinate carbon est during exponential growth in small- and nitrogen metabolism under condition of celled filaments that developed from the nitrogen fixation (Zhang and Bryant, 2015). endospores (Fay et al., 1964). Nitrogenase Soil is a valuable resource in our pla- activity in the heterocyst of this species un- net and one of the most significant ecologi- der aerobic condition was documented ear- cal factors, on which plants dependent for lier (Kenyon et al., 1972). Besides these, their nutrients, water and mineral supply the alga is very important regarding synthe- (Shaikh and Bhosle, 2013). The soil of sis of photo-pigmentations and few bio- Hooghly district, West Bengal in India is chemical products. It has been recognized new alluvial type, most fertile and found that chlorophyll (chl.) a along with along the Indo-Gangetic belt. As, it harbors chl. b and c, phycobilins, and caroteinoids the algal flora hence different parameters of contribute to oxygenic photosynthesis by the soil sample of the sampling site has harvesting the light energy (Grossman et been analyzed using the standard methods al., 1995). Study of scientific literature to find out soil profile characteristics and showed that the alga produced chl f and chl the relationships between algae and soil d pigments when cultured under natural and properties. As scanty information is availa- near-infrared (IR) lights in a column photo- ble regarding physico-chemical parameters bioreactor (Airs et al., 2014). Chlorophylls of soil and taxonomic work on this species f and d are red-light inducible chlorophylls therefore, the present study was undertaken. and play significant role as an accessory pigments in far-red type of oxygenic photo- Materials and methods synthesis by absorbing red light. Chloro- The Algal sample was collected in plastic phyll f is the most recently discovered and glass containers from a paddy field dur- longest wavelength absorbing chlorophyll, ing puddling stage of rice from Balagarh (N although its structure and biophysical prop- 23°12', E 88°46'), in Hooghly, West Ben- 93 Halder / Our Nature (2016), 14 (1): 92-98 gal, India. Microscopic examination was drometer method adapted by Bouyoucos made under Olympus microscope (Model- (1962). All the statistical analyses were CH20i). Algal sample was preserved in 4% done using the statistical package for social formalin solution and the voucher specimen sciences (SPSS v. 13, Inc., USA). was deposited in the Departmental Herba- rium of the Department of Botany, Raja Results and discussion Peary Mohan College, Uttarpara, West Morpho-taxonomic description of Chlorog- Bengal. Identification of the taxa had been loeopsis fritschii (Mitra) Mitra et Pandey made following scientific literature viz. Mi- under light microscopy had been provided tra and Pandey (1966) and Guiry and Guiry here. The alga was collected in the month (2015). For soil analysis, surface soil sam- of March during summer from a paddy ple about 500 gm from a depth of 10 cm field in a locality of Hooghly district, West was collected, air dried, brought up in the Bengal, India. Systematic position of the laboratory, grounded and homogenized species was mentioned according to Mitra with a mortar and pestle and pass through a and Pandey (1966). 2.0 mm sieve. Various physico-chemical Phylum- Cyanophyta; Class- Cyanophy- parameters of soils were analyzed by dif- ceae; Family- Chlorogloeopsidaceae; Or- ferent techniques. To obtain clear superna- der- Stigonematales; Genus- Chlorogloeop- tant of soil sample centrifugation was done sis A.K. Mitra et D.C. Pandey (1967) using a Remi centrifuge (model, R-23). The standard Munsell colour charts (Munsell Chlorogloeopsis fritschii (Mitra) Mitra et colour Co., 1975) was used for identifying Pandey in Phykos 5(1-2): 111-113, figs.1- the colour of soil sample. The pH of the 29, 30-40, 41-54, 1966 (Figs. A-C) sample as soil suspension was recorded Chlorogloea fritschii Mitra (1950) with the help of a pH meter (Jenway, 3510) Description: Thallus blue-green, forms a in the ratio of soil: water = 1:2.5 (w/v). crust or compact stratum of indefinite size Electrical conductivity (EC) value of soil and composed of rounded or irregular cell suspension (soil: water = 1: 2.5) was meas- packets; cells arranged in vertical and hori- ured at room temperature by a direct read- zontal rows, rounded or angular without ing conductivity meter (Systronic, 303). any distinct mucilaginous sheath with pale The organic carbon (OC) content of the soil blue-green granular contents; usually 6.0- sample was determined as procedure of 8.0 µm in diameter; reproduction takes Walkey and Black (1934) and outlined by place by separation of single cell or cells in Jackson (1967, 1973) while calcium (Ca2+) groups of two or more; heterocysts terminal was determined by EDTA titration method and intercalary; 2.0-4.5 µm broad and 2.0- (Chapman, 1965). Sodium (Na+) and potas- 4.0 µm long and irregularly disposed; en- sium (K+) cations were determined with the dospores naked, spherical, 4.0-9.0 µm in help of a flame photometer (Systronic, diameter, formed singly or more (upto four) 121). Water holding capacity (WHC) was within the cells and released by the rupture determined by Keen box method following of mother wall; germination of endospore Piper (1966). Soil texture (particles size forms uniseriate filament of 3-16 (-20) cells distribution) as percentages of sand, silt and which divides to produce cell packets. clay fractions was determined by the hy- 94 Halder / Our Nature (2016), 14 (1): 92-98 Habitat: The alga was grown in a rice field enhancing the solubility of nutrients as well at Balagarh, Hooghly, West Bengal, India as availability of nutrient to plant (Gough et Date of collection: 18.03.13; Collection al., 2000). In the present study, soil pH was number: NH-1260 found slightly alkaline. Electrical conduc- Significance: The algal species is nitrogen tivity (EC) expressed ion contents of soil fixer and increase soil fertility solution which determined the carrying ca- It was Mitra (1950) who first time re- pacity and thus, giving a clear idea of the ported the occurrence of a blue-green algal soluble salts present in the soil (Addis and species Chlorogloeopsis fritschii (Mitra) Abebaw, 2014).
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