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A Handbook for Western Australian Road Users

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A Handbook for Western Australian Road Users A Handbook for Western Australian Road Users This handbook is a guide to safe driving and an interpretation of the law. It is NOT the law, but a simplified version of the road rules contained in the Road Traffic Act 1974 and Regulations, including the Australian Road Rules that apply currently in Western Australia. It does not include all the traffic regulations and is not intended to be used as a legal document. The rules and regulations quoted in this book are those in force as at 30 June 2008. Prepared and published by the Department for Planning and Infrastructure. Revised Edition Date 30 June 2008. The information in this publication is accurate as of the revised edition date. More information can be obtained by visiting the website at www.dpi.wa.gov.au/licensing Contacting us Available online Need help or information? This handbook can also be downloaded in PDF and audio You can contact us by formats. Visit www.dpi.wa.gov. Phone: 13 11 56 au/licensing for further details. Fax: 1300 669 995 A Message from the Director General of the Department for Planning and Infrastructure This handbook is a comprehensive guide to the road rules that apply in Western Australia. It is written in an easy to understand format and designed primarily to help new drivers prepare for a lifetime of safe driving. If you are a new driver, this book contains the information you will need to obtain your learner’s permit. The laws explained in this book are the major ones that are contained in the Road Traffic Code 2000 and Road Traffic (Vehicle Standards) Regulations 2002. However, drivers should be familiar with all traffic laws and a copy of the relevant rules and regulations can be viewed on the Internet at www.slp.wa.gov.au or purchased from the State Law Publisher. To earn your driver’s licence will require a great deal of effort and, most importantly, many hours of practical experience driving with a supervisor. Those who have already obtained their licence will still need to refer to this handbook regularly and to the Road Traffic Code 2000 to ensure that their understanding of the road rules is up to date. While a good knowledge of traffic laws will help you drive more safely, research shows that human behaviour is a factor in over 90 per cent of road crashes, so it is important that the theoretical knowledge of the correct use of our roads is translated into responsible and careful driving. The big killers continue to be speeding, drinking and driving, failing to wear a seat belt and driving when tired. Please take the time to learn the detailed information in this handbook, refer to it regularly and put into practice the safe driving behaviour that is the responsibility of us all. Eric Lumsden Director General Department for Planning and Infrastructure Contents PART 1 - SAFE DRIVING 8 1.1 The High Cost of Road Trauma 9 1.2 Speed 9 1.2.1 Why is it more dangerous to drive fast? 10 1.2.2 Choosing what speed to travel 10 1.3 Alcohol and Drugs 12 1.3.1 The effects of alcohol on driving 12 1.3.2 Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) 13 1.3.3 What is the legal limit? 13 1.3.4 How much alcohol takes you over the legal limit? 13 1.3.5 How long does alcohol stay in your body? 15 1.3.6 Effect of alcohol and other drugs on driving 15 1.3.7 Random Breath Testing (RBT) 15 1.3.8 What to do if you want to drink 16 1.4 Seat Belts 17 1.4.1 How do seat belts work in a crash? 17 1.4.2 Why you should wear a seat belt 17 1.4.3 Who does not have to wear a seat belt? 18 1.4.4 Who must wear a seat belt? 18 1.4.5 What if your passengers do not wear a seat belt? 20 1.4.6 What is the correct way to wear a seat belt? 20 1.4.7 What should I do if my seat belt is in poor condition? 20 1.5 Driver Fatigue 21 1.5.1 What is driver fatigue? 21 1.5.2 The main causes of fatigue 21 1.5.3 What are the warning signs of driver fatigue? 23 1.5.4 Ways to reduce driver fatigue 23 1.6 ‘Anti-Hoon’ Legislation 24 1.7 Mobile Phones 24 1.8 Other Road Users 24 1.8.1 Pedestrians 24 1.8.2 Parallel walk crossings 26 1.8.3 Cyclists and motorcyclists 27 1.9 Motorcyclists 28 1.9.1 Motorcycle safety 28 1.9.2 Ride to be seen by other road users 29 1.10 The Ten Rules to Safe Driving 31 1.11 Pre-Driving Checks 32 PART 2 - HOW TO OBTAIN A WESTERN AUSTRALIAN LICENCE 34 2.1 Getting your C (Car) Licence 35 2.1.1 The Graduated Driver Training and Licensing System 35 2.2 Getting a Motorcycle Licence 40 2.3 Getting a Heavy Vehicle Licence 41 2.3.1 Assessments for heavy vehicles 41 2.4 Seniors Assessments 41 2.5 Bribery 41 2.6 Organ Donation 42 2.6.1 The importance of organ donation 42 2.6.2 Circumstances of organ and tissue donation 42 2.6.3 Medical procedures in organ donation 43 2.6.4 Becoming a registered organ donor 43 2.7 Blood Donation 44 PART 3 - MAJOR ROAD RULES AND ADDITIONAL SAFETY ADVICE 44 3.1 Speed Limits 46 3.1.1 What are the speed limits? 46 3.2 Following Distances 47 3.2.1 The ‘Two Second’ rule 48 3.2.2 How long does it take to stop your car? 48 3.2.3 How long does it take to stop a heavy vehicle? 49 3.3 Driving in Different Conditions 50 3.3.1 Driving at night 51 3.3.2 Driving in wet or hazardous weather 52 3.3.3 Driving in fog or smoke 52 3.3.4 Country driving 52 3.4 Keeping to the Left 53 3.4.1 Roads without marked lines 53 3.4.2 Roads with 2 or more lanes 53 3.5 Railway Crossings 53 3.5.1 When you must stop 53 3.5.2 When you can drive on 54 3.6 Buses and Taxis 55 3.7 Crossing Water on Roadways 56 3.8 Traffic Signs 57 3.9 Road Markings 59 3.10 Traffic Control Signals 61 3.10.1 Intersection traffic control signals 61 3.10.2 Intersection traffic control arrows 61 3.10.3 Pelican signals 63 3.10.4 Officer directing traffic 63 3.11 Indicators and Hand Signals 64 3.11.1 When must you indicate/signal? 64 3.11.2 Types of Indications/signals 64 3.11.3 Indicators/signals at roundabouts 65 3.12 Freeway Driving 67 3.12.1 Basic freeway rules 67 3.12.2 Entering a freeway 68 3.12.3 Appropriate speeds for freeway driving 68 3.12.4 Leaving the freeway 69 3.12.5 What you must not do on a freeway 69 3.13 Intersections 69 3.13.1 Controlled intersections 70 3.13.2 Uncontrolled intersections 71 3.13.3 Roundabouts 72 3.13.4 Keep intersections clear 72 3.14 Turning 72 3.14.1 When to indicate/signal your intention to turn 72 3.14.2 Turning 73 3.14.3 ‘U’ turns 73 3.14.4 Turning at a multi-lane intersection 74 3.15 Changing Lanes 74 3.16 Overtaking 75 3.16.1 When can you overtake? 75 3.16.2 When you must not overtake 75 3.16.3 How to overtake 76 3.16.4 What to do when you are being overtaken 76 3.16.5 Large and oversize vehicles 76 3.17 Stopping 78 3.18 Parking 79 3.18.1 Where you must not park 79 3.18.2 How to park 80 3.19 Clearways 81 PART 4 - EMERGENCIES AND CRASHES 82 4.1 How to Handle Emergencies 83 4.1.1 Breakdown on the road 83 4.1.2 Tyre blow-out (rapid puncture) 84 4.1.3 A stuck accelerator 84 4.1.4 Brake failure 84 4.1.5 Possible head-on collision 85 4.1.6 Forced on to the gravel 85 4.1.7 Bonnet flies up 85 4.1.8 Shattered windscreen 85 4.1.9 Stalled on a railway crossing 86 4.1.10 Car fire 86 4.1.11 Skids 87 4.2 Post Crash Management 87 4.3 First Aid 87 4.3.1 How can you help? 88 4.3.2 When the injured person is bleeding 93 4.3.3 Rest and reassure the injured person 93 4.4 Emergency Vehicles 93 4.5 Aggressive Driving or Behaviour 95 PART 5 - THE LAW AND YOU 96 5.1 Change of Address or Name 97 5.1.1 Change of address 97 5.1.2 Change of name 97 5.2 Traffic Infringement Penalties 98 5.3 Regulations for Your Car 99 5.4 Regulations for Your Motorcycle 101 5.5 Regulations for Your Trailer or Caravan 102 5.6 Towing Another Vehicle 103 5.7 Horse and Animal Traffic 104 PART 6 - RIDE SAFE 104 6.1 Cyclists 105 6.1.1 Cyclists and the law 106 6.1.2 Safety hints for cyclists 107 6.1.3 Equipment for your bicycle 108 PART 7 - APPENDICES 109 APPENDIX 1 Driver Licence Classifications and Requirements 110 APPENDIX 2 Driving in Western Australia using Interstate or International Licences 113 APPENDIX 3 Penalties for Traffic Offences 115 Alcohol Related Offences 115 Speeding Offences 117 Other Traffic Offences 118 APPENDIX 4 Letter of Consent 120 Pro Forma Letter of Consent 120 APPENDIX 5 Getting your First Licence 121 Proof of Identity 121 INDEX 124 part Safe Driving 1.1 The High Cost of Road Trauma Every death on our roads is a major tragedy causing enormous emotional pain and grief to family and friends.
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