India's Action Plan for Implementing the Convention on Biological
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General Features and Fisheries Potential of Palk Bay, Palk Strait and Its Environs
J. Natn.Sci.Foundation Sri Lanka 2005 33(4): 225-232 FEATURE ARTICLE GENERAL FEATURES AND FISHERIES POTENTIAL OF PALK BAY, PALK STRAIT AND ITS ENVIRONS S. SIVALINGAM* 18, Pamankade Lane, Colombo 6. Abstract: The issue of possible social and environmental serving in the former Department of Fisheries, impacts of the shipping canal proposed for the Palk Bay and Colombo (now Ministry of Fisheries and Aquatic Palk Strait area is a much debated topic. Therefore it is Resources) and also recently when consultation necessary to explore the general features of the said area to assess such impacts when formulating the development and assignments were done in these areas. Other management programmes relevant to the area. This paper available data have also been brought together discussed the general features of the area, its environmental and a comprehensive picture of the general and ecological condition and the fisheries potential in detail features and fisheries potential of the areas so as to give some insight to the reader on this important under study is presented below. topic. This article is based on the data collected from earlier field visits and other published information relevant to the subject. GENERAL FEATURES INTRODUCTION Palk Bay and Palk Strait together (also called Sethusamudram), consist of an area of about Considerable interest has been created in the 17,000km2. This is an almost enclosed shallow water Palk Bay, Palk Strait and its environs recently as body that separates Sri Lanka from the a result of the Indian project to construct a mainland India and opens on the east into the shipping canal to connect Gulf of Mannar BOB ( Figure 1 ). -
Enhancing Nationally Determined Contributions Through Protected Areas Table of Contents
ENHANCING NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONS THROUGH PROTECTED AREAS TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2 BACKGROUND 5 METHODOLOGY 7 RESULTS 13 1. EXPLICIT MENTION OF PROTECTED AREAS 13 2. ESTABLISHING NEW OR EXPANDING EXISTING PROTECTED AREAS 14 3. UTILIZING PROTECTED AREAS TO HELP PEOPLE ADAPT TO CLIMATE CHANGE (ECOSYSTEM-BASED ADAPTATION) 15 4. MITIGATION BENEFITS FROM CARBON SEQUESTRATION AND AUTHORS AVOIDED EMISSIONS 17 Abigail Hehmeyer, Jacqueline Vogel, Shaun Martin, Ryan Bartlett 5. MANAGING PROTECTED AREAS FOR CLIMATE CHANGE RISKS 18 DISCUSSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 20 WWF CONCLUSION 27 GLOSSARY 28 For more than 50 years, WWF has been protecting the future of nature. One APPENDICES 31 of the world’s leading conservation organizations, WWF works in nearly 100 countries and is supported by more than 1.1 million members in the United APPENDIX 1: RESULTS BY COUNTRY 31 States and 5 million supporters globally. WWF’s unique way of working APPENDIX 2: COUNTRIES RANKED BY CREDITS EARNED FOR THE combines global reach with a foundation in science, involves action at every level 5 CRITERIA EXAMINED 39 from local to global, and ensures the delivery of innovative solutions that meet the needs of both people and nature. Visit worldwildlife.org to learn more. APPENDIX 3: COUNTRIES REFERENCED IN THIS REPORT, LISTED BY REGION 41 REFERENCES 43 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Funding for this analysis, conducted by WWF US, was made possible by the Support Project for the Implementation of the Paris Agreement (SPA), which is implemented by Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) and funded by the German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety (BMU) under its International Climate Initiative (IKI). -
What Is Inclusive Conservation and Why Is It Important to Biodiversity Conservation and Protected Area Management?
Fact Sheet What is inclusive conservation and why is it important to biodiversity conservation and protected area management? October 2019 ‘Inclusive Conservation’ is a trans-disciplinary approach to balancing stakeholder visions, and promoting shared agreements for the future management of protected areas through the development and application of multiple tools and processes. - 2 - Protecting our natural areas Global context Protected areas are clearly defined geographical spaces, recognised, dedicated and managed, through legal or other effective means to achieve the long-term conservation of nature with associated Figure 1: Growth in ecosystem services and cultural values.1 Protected areas are critical for protected area coverage conserving local to regional biodiversity, particularly the characteristic on land and in the ocean (Exclusive Economic Zones of threatened species, habitats and ecosystems.2,3 (EEZ) and Areas Beyond At a global level, Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) National Jurisdiction (ABNJ)) between 1990 agreed in 2010 to a target of protecting at least 17% of terrestrial and and 2018 and projected inland water areas, and 10% of coastal and marine areas (Aichi Target growth to 2020 according 11), by 2020. Currently, protected areas cover almost 15% of land and to commitments from countries and territories.5 inland waters and 8% of the world’s oceans.4 (Figure 1). Area (Million km2) 40 2 30 3 20 10 1 0 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 1 ABNJ 2 EEZ 3 Land - 3 - Despite this expansion, protected areas only partly cover important sites for biodiversity, and there are issues associated with their ecological representativeness and equitable management6. -
Islands, Coral Reefs, Mangroves & Wetlands In
Report of the Task Force on ISLANDS, CORAL REEFS, MANGROVES & WETLANDS IN ENVIRONMENT & FORESTS For the Eleventh Five Year Plan 2007-2012 Government of India PLANNING COMMISSION New Delhi (March, 2007) Report of the Task Force on ISLANDS, CORAL REEFS, MANGROVES & WETLANDS IN ENVIRONMENT & FORESTS For the Eleventh Five Year Plan (2007-2012) CONTENTS Constitution order for Task Force on Islands, Corals, Mangroves and Wetlands 1-6 Chapter 1: Islands 5-24 1.1 Andaman & Nicobar Islands 5-17 1.2 Lakshwadeep Islands 18-24 Chapter 2: Coral reefs 25-50 Chapter 3: Mangroves 51-73 Chapter 4: Wetlands 73-87 Chapter 5: Recommendations 86-93 Chapter 6: References 92-103 M-13033/1/2006-E&F Planning Commission (Environment & Forests Unit) Yojana Bhavan, Sansad Marg, New Delhi, Dated 21st August, 2006 Subject: Constitution of the Task Force on Islands, Corals, Mangroves & Wetlands for the Environment & Forests Sector for the Eleventh Five-Year Plan (2007- 2012). It has been decided to set up a Task Force on Islands, corals, mangroves & wetlands for the Environment & Forests Sector for the Eleventh Five-Year Plan. The composition of the Task Force will be as under: 1. Shri J.R.B.Alfred, Director, ZSI Chairman 2. Shri Pankaj Shekhsaria, Kalpavriksh, Pune Member 3. Mr. Harry Andrews, Madras Crocodile Bank Trust , Tamil Nadu Member 4. Dr. V. Selvam, Programme Director, MSSRF, Chennai Member Terms of Reference of the Task Force will be as follows: • Review the current laws, policies, procedures and practices related to conservation and sustainable use of island, coral, mangrove and wetland ecosystems and recommend correctives. -
Policy Highlights Marine Protected Areas Economics, Management and Effective Policy Mixes
Marine Protected Areas Economics, Management and Effective Policy Mixes Policy HIGHLIGHTS Marine Protected Areas Economics, Management and Effective Policy Mixes Progress in expanding the coverage of marine protected areas is underway. With a push from the Sustainable Development Goals their global coverage is expected to increase even further. But their effectiveness is uneven. It is one thing to draw a line on a map – it is another to effectively design, site, monitor and enforce them. We are starting to understand what works and what doesn’t. Adaptive management and improvements over time will be essential if marine conservation and sustainable use objectives are to be met. Simon Upton – OECD Environment Director POLICY HI G HLI G H T Pressures on marine ecosystems from human activities are already severe and the often S competing demands for marine space and resources are projected to rise. Costs of poor ocean management practices include environmental and social costs that are often not factored into decision-making processes. This undermines the resilience of the ecosystems upon which we depend, for food, for income, but also other less visible life-support functions such as coastal protection, habitat provisioning and carbon sequestration. Marine protected areas are one of the policy instruments available to help ensure the conservation and sustainable use of our vast yet vulnerable ecosystems. While progress is being made towards increasing the global coverage of marine protected areas, significantly greater efforts are needed to ensure these are also being located in areas that are under threat and can therefore yield greatest environmental benefits, and that they are effectively managed. -
Understanding and Assessing Equity in Protected Area Conservation a Matter of Governance, Rights, Social Impacts and Human Wellbeing
Understanding and assessing equity in protected area conservation A matter of governance, rights, social impacts and human wellbeing Phil Franks, Francesca Booker and Dilys Roe Issue Paper Biodiversity; Governance Keywords: February 2018 Equity, conservation, protected areas, Social Assessment of Protected Areas (SAPA), wellbeing About the author Phil Franks is a senior researcher in the biodiversity team at IIED. Francesca Booker is a researcher in the biodiversity team at IIED. Dilys Roe is a principal researcher in the biodiversity team at IIED. Corresponding author: Phil Franks, [email protected] Produced by IIED’s Natural Resources Group The aim of the Natural Resources Group is to build partnerships, capacity and wise decision-making for fair and sustainable use of natural resources. Our priority in pursuing this purpose is on local control and management of natural resources and other ecosystems. Acknowledgments This paper builds on the work of a large group of people who have worked over the last three years on the development of the equity framework for protected area management and governance. Annex 1 contains the latest version of this framework at the time of publication, which reflects discussions at a workshop in April 2017 and a recent round of comments. We would like to acknowledge, in particular, the contribution of Kate Schreckenberg and Adrian Martin (co-authors of our earlier publications), staff of the Forest Peoples’ Programme for their detailed comments on the latest version of the framework, and Noelia Zafro-Calvo for being the first person to put the framework to good use. Published by IIED, February 2018 Franks, P et al. -
Seagrass & Dugong Conservation in Gulf of Mannar and Palk Bay Region
Seagrass and Dugong Conservation in Gulf of Mannar and Palk Bay region in Tamil Nadu, South-eastern India - Status, Conservation Initiatives and Challenges J.K. Patterson Edward Suganthi Devadason Marine Research Institute 44- Beach Road, Tuticorin – 628 001, Tamil Nadu, India e-mail: [email protected] www.sdmri.in Third Meeting of Signatories to the Dugong MOU, 14.03.2017 Seagrass and Dugong Distribution in India GULF OF KACHCHH (Gujarat) CHILLIKA LAKE (Odisha) Arabian Sea ANDHRA PRADESH KARNATAKA ANDAMAN & NICOBAR ISLANDS PULICAT LAKE GULF OF MANNAR & PALK LAKSHWADEEP ISLANDS BAY (Tamil Nadu) Conservation Status - Gulf of Mannar & Palk Bay Gulf of Mannar Marine National Park, declared in 1986 (21 Islands and surrounding shallow coastal waters, covering 560 sq.km area between Rameshwaram and Tuticorin), coastal length – 160 KM. Gulf of Mannar Biosphere Reserve, declared in 1989 (Between Rameswaram and Kanyakumari, covering 10,500 sq.km), Coastal length – 365 Km Palk Bay – No conservation status Seagrasses Baseline data Distribution Diversity Status From 2007 onwards Palk Bay Coastal length (between Pamban and Athiramapattiam) - 170 km Seagrass area cover - 209 Km2 (2014-15) Dominant species - Thalassia hemprichii, Syringodium isoetifolium Cymodocea serrulata Gulf of Mannar Coastal length (between Pamban and Tuticorin) - 160 km Seagrass area cover - 96 Km2 (2011-12) Dominant species - Thalassia hemprichii, Syringodium isoetifolium and Cymodocea serrulata Threats to seagrass habitats Degraded areas Level of degradation Causative -
Coastal and Marine Protected Areas in India: Envis Bulletin Challenges and Way Forward 50 51 Wildlife and Protected Areas
Coastal And Marine Protected Areas In India: envis bulletin Challenges And Way Forward 50 51 Wildlife and Protected Areas Summary India has an extensive coastline of 7517 km length, of which 5423 km is in peninsular India and 2094 km is in the 02 2 Andaman & Nicobar and Lakshadweep islands. The EEZ has an extent of 2.02 million km . This coastline also supports a huge human population, which is dependent on the rich coastal and marine resources. Despite the tremendous ecological and economic importance and the existence of a policy and regulatory framework, India's coastal and marine ecosystems are under threat. Numerous direct and indirect pressures arising from different types of economic development and associated activities are having adverse impacts on the coastal and marine biodiversity across the country. The marine protected area network in India has been used as a tool to manage natural marine resources for biodiversity conservation and for the well-being of people dependent on it. Scientific monitoring and traditional observations confirm that depleted natural marine resources are getting restored and/or pristine ecological conditions have been sustained in well managed MPAs. There are 24 MPAs in peninsular India and more than 100 MPAs in the country's islands. The 24 MPAs of the mainland have a total area of about 8214 km2, which is about 5% of the total protected area network of India and represents 0.25% of the total geographic area of the country. Dedicated efforts are required to secure and strengthen community participation in managing the marine protected area network in India. -
Park Guards in the Conservation of Protected Areas Angela Martin
park guards in the conservation of protected areas Angela Martin Parks in Peril, Innovations in Conservation Series, 2007 Park guards are the field staff in charge of the protection and security of natural resources in a protected area (Núñez, 2005). Depending on the specific character- istics of the protected area, they are also in charge of safeguarding cultural resources (PROARCA/APM, 2004). Without their presence, protected areas are more vul- nerable to the factors threatening their integrity. Park guards may be employed by government or civil society institutions, (using their own or donors’ resources), or work as volunteers. Support for park guards and their work is considered a key component for the Hugo Arnal strengthening of protected areas. This includes the provision of essential equipment for their operations, such as vehicles, radios and uniforms, as well as training. Accord- ing to a 1998 study done for the Parks in Peril (PiP) program, the most effective way to engage communities in management activities was to hire them as guards for the areas (Brandon et al, 1998). PiP has consequently promoted participatory processes in this issue... as a way of involving the community and encouraging local residents to become guides • General characteristics of park or park guards, on a paid or volunteer basis. Also, PiP encouraged government agen- guards cies to facilitate patrolling and training for park guards and transfer authority to local actors (Martin and Rieger, 2003). • Innovative strategies with park guards The purpose of this bulletin is to present general elements about the characteristics, - Community, indigenous and roles and responsibilities of the park guards in the protected areas, emphasizing some volunteer park guards innovative strategies from which lessons can be derived. -
Protected Areas and Biodiversity Conservation I: Reserve Planning and Design
Network of Conservation Educators & Practitioners Protected Areas and Biodiversity Conservation I: Reserve Planning and Design Author(s): Eugenia Naro-Maciel, Eleanor J. Stering, and Madhu Rao Source: Lessons in Conservation, Vol. 2, pp. 19-49 Published by: Network of Conservation Educators and Practitioners, Center for Biodiversity and Conservation, American Museum of Natural History Stable URL: ncep.amnh.org/linc/ This article is featured in Lessons in Conservation, the official journal of the Network of Conservation Educators and Practitioners (NCEP). NCEP is a collaborative project of the American Museum of Natural History’s Center for Biodiversity and Conservation (CBC) and a number of institutions and individuals around the world. Lessons in Conservation is designed to introduce NCEP teaching and learning resources (or “modules”) to a broad audience. NCEP modules are designed for undergraduate and professional level education. These modules—and many more on a variety of conservation topics—are available for free download at our website, ncep.amnh.org. To learn more about NCEP, visit our website: ncep.amnh.org. All reproduction or distribution must provide full citation of the original work and provide a copyright notice as follows: “Copyright 2008, by the authors of the material and the Center for Biodiversity and Conservation of the American Museum of Natural History. All rights reserved.” Illustrations obtained from the American Museum of Natural History’s library: images.library.amnh.org/digital/ SYNTHESIS 19 Protected Areas and Biodiversity Conservation I: Reserve Planning and Design Eugenia Naro-Maciel,* Eleanor J. Stering, † and Madhu Rao ‡ * The American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, U.S.A., email [email protected] † The American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, U.S.A., email [email protected] ‡ Wildlife Conservation Society, New York, NY, U.S.A., email [email protected] Source: K. -
Protected Areas by Management 9
Unted States p Forest Department a Service DRNA of Agriculture g P r o t e c t e d N a t u r a l A r e a s o f P u e r to R i c o K E E P I N G C O M M ON S P E C I E S C O M M O N PRGAP ANALYSIS PROJECT William A. Gould, Maya Quiñones, Mariano Solórzano, Waldemar Alcobas, and Caryl Alarcón IITF GIS and Remote Sensing Lab A center for tropical landscape analysis U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, International Institute of Tropical Forestry . o c 67°30'0"W 67°20'0"W 67°10'0"W 67°0'0"W 66°50'0"W 66°40'0"W 66°30'0"W 66°20'0"W 66°10'0"W 66°0'0"W 65°50'0"W 65°40'0"W 65°30'0"W 65°20'0"W i R o t rotection of natural areas is essential to conserving biodiversity and r e u P maintaining ecosystem services. Benefits and services provided by natural United , Protected areas by management 9 States 1 areas are complex, interwoven, life-sustaining, and necessary for a healthy A t l a n t i c O c e a n 1 1 - 6 environment and a sustainable future (Daily et al. 1997). They include 2 9 0 clean water and air, sustainable wildlife populations and habitats, stable slopes, The Bahamas 0 P ccccccc R P productive soils, genetic reservoirs, recreational opportunities, and spiritual refugia. -
Designing Protected Areas for Social–Ecological Sustainability: Effectiveness of Management Guidelines for Preserving Cultural
sustainability Article Designing Protected Areas for Social–Ecological Sustainability: Effectiveness of Management Guidelines for Preserving Cultural Landscapes Patricio Sarmiento-Mateos 1,*, Cecilia Arnaiz-Schmitz 2, Cristina Herrero-Jáuregui 1, Francisco D. Pineda 1 and María F. Schmitz 1 1 Department of Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; [email protected] (C.H-J.); [email protected] (F.D.P.); [email protected] (M.F.S.) 2 Social-ecological Systems Laboratory, Department of Ecology, Autonomous University of Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 14 April 2019; Accepted: 16 May 2019; Published: 20 May 2019 Abstract: Rural cultural landscapes are social–ecological systems that have been shaped by traditional human land uses in a co-evolution process between nature and culture. Protected areas should be an effective way to protect cultural landscapes and support the way of life and the economy of the local population. However, nature conservation policymaking processes and management guidelines frequently do not take culturalness into account. Through a new quantitative approach, this paper analyzes the regulatory framework of two protected areas under different management categories, located in an ancient cultural landscape of the Madrid Region (Central Spain), to identify the similarities in their conservation commitments and the effectiveness of their zoning schemes. The results show some arbitrariness in the design and management of these parks, highlighting the importance of prohibited measures in their zoning schemes that encourage uses and activities more related to naturalness than to culturalness. The recognition of protected areas as cultural landscapes and their management considering both naturalness and culturalness issues are important methods of better achieving sustainable management objectives from a social–ecological approach.