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A.E. Fersman's Contribution to the Systematic Collection

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A.E. Fersman's Contribution to the Systematic Collection #16_dusmatov_en_0802:#16_dusmatov_en_0802.qxd 21.05.2009 20:46 Page 135 New data on minerals. M.: 2003. Volume 38 135 UDC 069:549 (1) A.E. FERSMAN’S CONTRIBUTION TO THE SYSTEMATIC COLLECTION OF THE MINERALOGICAL MUSEUM OF THE RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES Vyacheslav D.Dusmatov Fersman Mineralogical Museum of the Russian Academy of Sciences, [email protected] The geography of A.E.Fersman’s mineralogical collections, including samples surrendered to the systematic collection of the Mineralogical Museum of the Russian Academy of Sciences is described. 4 references. «... stone owned myself, my ideas, desires, the first time I have taken a great interest in even dreams...» A.E. Fersman gems when the destiny has brought me to the far Elba Island. Here, among caressing nature Alexander Evgen’evich Fersman, during all of the Mediterranean Sea, a wondrous pink the halfcentury period of scientific activity, tourmaline was so perfectly in harmony with after each trip to any region of Russia and Euro- gray granite rock, and the sparkling red he - pe, brought interesting mineralogical ma terial matite blinded eyes with the shine» (Fersman, and mainly surrendered it to the Mine ralogical 1974). From the Elba Island, Fersman has bro - Museum of the Russian Academy of Sciences. ught the biggest collection of samples, mainly Besides, he handed collections to the Shanya - from pegmatites. He studied and de scribed vsky University, Simferopol Museum, and these samples during five years and in 1913 has Moscow University. He maintained an inten- handed them to the Mineralogical Museum sive exchange of minerals with various scien- (Collection 1069 = 166 samples). tists and museums of other countries. The only Being abroad in 1909, he studied diamond work devoted to the analysis of his activity in crystallography together with M. Goldschmidt. this direction is the work by V.I. Kry zhanovsky During studying, he bought diamonds in vari- (1965), who worked with Fersman in the ous shops, as it was impossible to visit the de - Mineralogical Museum for a very long time. po sits. At that time he has got diamonds and The illuminative chronicle of his trips begins carbonado from Brazil, black diamonds from in the childhood. Since being sixyear old, German possession in Africa – Jagersfontein Fersman almost each year took part in travels and common diamonds from Luderitz Bay with parents, during which he collected miner- (Coll. 562 = 18 samples). als in Crimea, on Caucasus, on Black Sea coast, During his trip to the Taurian province in Turkey, Greece, Italy, France, Switzerland, (Crimea, 1909), combining recreation in a ma - Czechia, Germany, Austria. nor of his relative E.A.Kessler with collecting Recollecting these years, Fersman wrote: mi nerals in vicinities of Simferopol, Fersman «... I have taken a great interest in mineralogy in has visited stone quarries in Kurtsy and Chesh - original conditions of Crimea mountains, with- medusi, where he has collected analcite, heu - in scientific interests of a scientific family; yet a landite, prenite, leonhardite, wolchite, in which se venyear boy, for the first time having rece iv- studying he was engaged earlier (Coll. 561 = ed as a gift a fine mineralogical collection, I ha - 13 samples). ve taken a great interest in stone, and down to In May 1911, Fersman carried out excur- 1912 was engaged in collecting mineralogical sions with students to Moscow area – Podolsk, collection, which I then surrendered to the Sha - Tsementny Zavod, RatovkaNikitskoye (Vere - nya vsky Public University, in which I was the pectu Mountain) where has collected ratof- first figure in mineralogy...» (Fersman, 1927). fkite1 (earthy fluorite), quartz, ferriallophane, The student of the Moscow University since shanyavskite, beraunit, calcite and, certainly, 1905, he visited open pits of Podolsk, stone beloved palygorskite (Coll. 733 = 11 samples). quarry of Dorogomilovo, outcrops of Khorosh- At the end of 1911 and in the beginning of evo and Myachkovo. In the Podolsk open pit 1912, he has finished one of stages in the study he has found palygorskite. of magnesium silicates collected by him in the Fersman began the earliest independent sci- Nizhniy Novgorod province. These are mainly entific collections of minerals on the Elba palygorskite and spherosiderite (botryoidal Island in 1908. He wrote about this period: «for siderite) from the Buklovsky mine at Vyksy, 1 Italic designates the names given by A.E.Fersman, but currently not having the status of a mineral species. The accepted names of minerals are in brackets. #16_dusmatov_en_0802:#16_dusmatov_en_0802.qxd 21.05.2009 20:46 Page 136 136 New data on minerals. M.: 2003. Volume 38 near the city of Gorbatov. He has also surren- gabbroids and near the village Palkino – pri- dered to the Museum sepioliths, tsilerites (rock mary and secondary laumontites and leon- cork), tsermatites (mattedfibrous chrysotile) hardites (Coll. 868 = 15 samples). from Switzerland, collected by him and sent by In addition to own collecting, Fersman has V.I. Vernadsky (Coll. 825 = 25 samples). bought calcite brushes, green vitriol (mela - At the same time Fersman has finished stu dy - nterite). He and B.A.Lindener, in the region of ing of bought abroad diamonds and surren- Podenny mine, have collected chromites, uva - dered them to the Museum. These were dia- rovites, chalcedonies, orthites (allanites), ser- monds from Kimberley and Jagersfontein, pentines, have visited a maximum number of South Africa, and also diamonds from Brazil and mines with pegmatites and have collected a lot from Bingara, Austria (Coll. 816 = 19 samples) of samples to replenish the collection of Urals In the spring of 1912, Vernadsky, Fersman minerals already available at the Museum and engineergeologist A.G. Kitaev have visit- (Coll.1043 = 102 samples) ed the Blyumov mine (Southern Urals), from In 1913, Fersman has presented a collection which they have extracted 10 poods of of minerals and a collapsible human skull from samarskite for M. Curie, who worked at that his personal collection to the Shanyavsky Pub - time in Paris. Local miner Andrey Lobachev lic University. For this, of April 2, 1913, the greatly helped them showing the richest zones. Board of Guardians and Board of University Later, the Imperial Academy has sent Fers - have expressed him the acknowledgment. man, as a member of Radium Expedition head- During visiting Crimea in 1914, he, during ed by Academician V.I.Vernadsky, to the Urals vacations, has collected from the Kurtsy stone since May 25 till August 25, 1912 for studying quarry, near the summer residence of Golo - radioactive minerals within the limits of Perm, vninsky (Kastel), palygorskite and calcite, and Ufa, and Orenburg provinces. During this time, from the region of Eski Orda – anthraconite they have visited Troitsky Stone, stone quarries (calcite polluted with bitumen) and aphero - on the Tura River, Verkhoturie and vicinities of siderite (Coll. 1104 = 12 samples). Then, dur- the female monastery. From this trip Fersman ing June and July, he has visited Urals within has surrendered to the Museum orthite, biotite, the Orenburg province: TsarevoAlexa nd ro- microcline, chalcopyrite (Coll. 832 = 5 sam- vsky mine, Iletskaya Zashchita, village of Kly - ples, Coll. 835 = 17 samples). uchi, where has collected and bought minerals. In the autumn of 1912, Vernadsky, Fersman, Here we shall note that prices for minerals, and Kitaev have visited Kochkar gold mines according to records in Fersman’s diary, was as and Semenovsky mine. They have examined follows: tourmaline from Savvateyev – 1 Rbl; monazites and in mines along the Kamenka bro okite, topaz from Kochkar – 4 Rbl, rhodu- and Sanarka rivers have collected blue eucla - site (crossite), chalcedony, tourmaline (Sha - ses, amethysts, aquamarines, pink topazes, bry), clinochlore and rutile – 21 Rbl, beryl and rock crystal. At the ProrokoIl’insky mine, they volosatik (quartz) (Sherlovaya Gora) – 18 Rbl have collected and partially bought pink topa - (for comparison – the ticket to Miass costed zes, in the region of Sokolinye Sopki – beryl. 26 Rbl 40 copecks) (Coll. 1169 = 25 samples). In the same year, together with V.I.Kryzha - Then, on July 3 – July 16, he, accompanied by no vsky, he has visited Murzinka: Buzheninov M.E.Vladimirova, visited Tel’kossky and Gare - Log, Mokrusha, Yuzhakov mine, villages of voznesensky mines, where have collected pyri - Shaitanka, Kaltashi, and Komarovo. As a result te, limonite and kaolin (Coll. 1170 = 5 sam- of this trip, they have brought beryls, tourma- ples). After that, he has left for Sweden, where line and other minerals of pegmatites (Coll. has visited mainly pegmatites at Falun, Finbo, 844 = 10 samples, Coll. 846 = 12 samples, Skarpo, Uto, Langban, Stromsberg, Ytterby, Coll. 868 = 15 samples). etc. Here he has collected very extensive col- In the beginning of 1913, Fersman and lection of minerals, first of all gadolonite, fer- A. Sergeev have collected ratoffkite and calcite gusonite, petalite, langbanite, yttrotantalite near villages Korotnevo and Nyushchino in the and other minerals of pegmatites (Coll. 1165 = Tver province (Coll.1032 = 12 samples), and 45 samples). si nce June 25 till July 25, 1913, Fersman and At last, his dream has come true – he has B.A.Lindener have made a trip to the Urals and visited the Transbaikalian region in 1915. visited Verkhoturie, Vysokaya Mountain, During this trip, Fersman has visited along the Lebyazhinsky mine, Kipovka, Adui, Alapa y - line Nerchinsk, village of Savvateyeva on the evsk and other regions. Fersman managed to Urguchan River, village Gutai on the Chikoi visit the village of Reshety and has collected River, village Utochkino on the Selenga River, stilbite in an intergrowth with feldspars from many villages on the Khilka River, the Malkhan #16_dusmatov_en_0802:#16_dusmatov_en_0802.qxd 21.05.2009 20:46 Page 137 A.E. Fersman’s comtribution to the systematic collection of the mineralogical museum of the RAS 137 Range, and Ust’Kyakhta. All collection can be and J.M. Shokal’sky, and in May that year they divided into two groups: minerals of peg- have gone to Murmansk; geologist A.P.
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