CONTROL OF CALLERY PEAR IN PASTURES, RIGHT-OF-WAY, AND NATURAL AREAS
Scott Flynn, PhD (Dow AgroSciences LLC) Reid Smeda, PhD, and Carey Page (University of Missouri) www.RangeAndPasture.com www.RangeAndPasture.com
Overview
• Pyrus calleryana Dcne. (Rosales: Rosaceae) is quickly becoming one of the most widespread, aggressive invaders of ROWs, and Pastures. Currently some states have convinced nurseries, and big box stores to stop the sale of ornamental pears to slow the spread. To-date there have been no products labeled for Pyrus calleryana control in the US.
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Background
• P. calleryana was introduced to the US by Frank Reimer, Southern Oregon Experiment Station, to combat fire blight in common pear (Pyrus communis). • Native of Southeast Asia • Common varieties > ‘Bradford’ – 1962, Maryland > ‘Chanticleer’ - mid-1965 Ohio • Select’, ‘Stone Hill’, ‘Select’, and ‘Glenn’s Form’ > ‘Aristocrat’ – 1969, Kentucky > ‘Whitehouse’ – 1977, Maryland > ‘Autumn Blaze’ – 1878, Oregon > ‘Capital’ – 1982, Washington DC
Culley and Hardiman (2007)
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Range and Adaptation
Comparison of adaptation of Pyrus calleryana between the US and China based on similar latitudes.
Provinces in China where Pyrus calleryana are found (shown in black)
Pyrus calleryana has escaped cultivation along infrequently managed areas, forming dense stands that displace other vegetation.
Adapted from Qian and Ricklefs (1999); and Culley and Hardiman (2007)
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Regrowth after mowing
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Stubble remaining after mowing and regrowth the next season
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Material and Methods (IVM and R&P Product Study)
• Locations > Columbia, MO > Lake St. Louis, MO • Application > 27 August 2013 > 20 GPA • Randomized complete block design > 11 trees per treatment • Data > Brown-out (30 days after) > Control (1 year after)
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Matt Terry, Graduate Student
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25% Garlon® 4 Ultra herbicide +
75% Basal Oil™®Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“Dow”) or an affiliated company of Dow www.RangeAndPasture.com
Treatments – IVM and R&P Product Study
Herbicides Rates Actives Garlon® 4 Ultra 4 pts Triclopyr Ester Capstone™ 9.0 pts Aminopyralid + Triclopyr Amine Opensight® 3.3 oz Aminopyralid + Metsulfuron Aminopyralid + Metsulfuron Opensight® 6.6 oz
Surmount® 4.0 pts Picloram + Fluroxypyr Garlon® 4 Ultra Triclopyr Ester + 1:3 Bark Oil Blue Basal Oil
All treatments include NIS at 0.25% v/v
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Material and Methods (R&P Product and Adjuvant Study)
> Location > 8 treatment x 3 reps • Peculiar, MO • 10 – 60 trees per treatment, block > Application dependent • 12 August 2014 • 2-4 ft tall trees • 20 GPA (foliar only) > Data > Split-Plot • Brown-out (30 days after) • Whole Plot – herbicide treatment • Control (1 year after) • (24ft x 60ft (average size)) • Sub-plot – Adjuvant • (12ft x 60ft (average size))
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Treatments – R&P Product and Adjuvant Study
Herbicides Rates Adjuvant Actives Chaparral™ 2 oz Aminopyralid + Metsulfuron + + NIS Remedy® Ultra 1 pt Triclopyr Ester Chaparral™ 2 oz Aminopyralid + Metsulfuron + + MSO Remedy® Ultra 1 pt Triclopyr Ester GrazonNext® HL 1.5 oz Aminopyralid + 2,4-D + + NIS Remedy® Ultra 1 pt Triclopyr Ester GrazonNext® HL™ 1.5 oz Aminopyralid + 2,4-D + + MSO Remedy® Ultra 1 pt Triclopyr Ester Remedy® Ultra 4 pts NIS Triclopyr Ester Remedy® Ultra 4 pts MSO Triclopyr Ester Surmount® 4.0 pts NIS Picloram + Fluroxypyr Surmount® 4.0 pts MSO Picloram+ Fluroxypyr
NIS at 0.25% v/v
MSO at 1% v/v ™®Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“Dow”) or an affiliated company of Dow Results
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Solutions for The Growing World
15 Effect of DAS Herbicides on Callery Pear Controlwww.RangeAndPasture.com Pyrus calleryana - Lake St. Louis, MO (1 year after application) Mean values below box
100
80
60
40
%Control
20
0 68.0 57.0 49.5 72.0 85.0 100.0
Capstone (9pts/a) Surmount (4pts/a) Opensight (3.3oz/a) Opensight (6.6oz/a) Garlon 4 Ultra (4pts/a)
Garlon 4 Ultra+Bark Oil (1:3 v/v) NIS applied at 0.25% v/v Treatment
™®Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“Dow”) or an affiliated company of Dow Effect of DAS Herbicides on Callery Pear Controlwww.RangeAndPasture.com Pyrus calleryana - Columbia, MO (1 year after treatment) Mean values below box
100
80
60
40
%Control
20
0 71.5 81.0 50.0 82.0 85.5 100.0
Capstone (9pts/a) Surmount (4pts/a) Opensight (3.3oz/a) Opensight (6.6oz/a) Garlon 4 Ultra (4pts/a)
Garlon 4 Ultra+Bark Oil (1:3 v/v) NIS applied at 0.25% v/v Treatment
™®Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“Dow”) or an affiliated company of Dow Effect of DAS Herbicides on Callery Pear Controlwww.RangeAndPasture.com Pyrus calleryana - Lake St. Louis and Columbia, MO (1 year after application) Mean values below box
100
80
60
40
%Control
20
0 69.8 69.0 49.8 77.0 85.2 100.0
Capstone (9pts/a) Surmount (4pts/a) Opensight (3.3oz/a) Opensight (6.6oz/a) Garlon 4 Ultra (4pts/a)
Garlon 4 Ultra+Bark Oil (1:3 v/v) NIS applied at 0.25% v/v Treatment
™®Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“Dow”) or an affiliated company of Dow Effect of DAS Herbicides and Adjuvant on Callery Pearwww.RangeAndPasture.com Control Pyrus calleryana - Peculiar, MO (1 year after application) Mean values below box
100
80
60
40
%Control
20
0 51.4 41.8 7.2 38.2 17.1 12.1 70.4 93.0
REMU+NIS (4pts/a) SRMT+NIS (4pts/a) REMU+MSO (4pts/a) SRMT+MSO (4pts/a)
CHAP+REMU+NIS (2oz/a+1pt/a) CHAP+REMU+MSO (2oz/a+1pt/a)
GRZNHL+REMU+NIS (1.5pts/a+1pt/a) GRZNHL+REMU+MSO (1.5pts/a+1pt/a) Treatment
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Summary
• Low volume basal applications are most consistent. (25%Garlon® 4 Ultra herbicide + 75% basal oil carrier) • Tougher to control via Broadcast applications. > Most sensitive to picloram (i.e. Surmount® herbicide) > Methylated Seed Oil appears to be important for leaf penetration. • Spot application rates may be needed to control P. calleryana with other ai’s such as triclopyr and aminopyralid. • Regrowth of treated trees may require sequential applications to prevent re-infestation.
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™®Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“Dow”) or an affiliated company of Dow Low Volume Basal (7/13/15) www.RangeAndPasture.com 25% Garlon® 4 Ultra herbicide + 75% Basal Oil
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Future Research Needs
• How will foliar applied individual plant treatments work? • How will dormant stem applications work? • What other actives can we combine?
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References
Culley, TM, Hardiman, NA. 2007. The Beginning of a New Invasive Plant: A History of the Ornamental Callery Pear in the United States. BioScience 57:956-964.
Qian H, Ricklefs RE. 1999. A comparison of the taxonomic richness of vascular plants in China and the United States. American Naturalist 154:160-181.
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Solutions for The Growing World
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