8690 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 25, 1979 James Vanlangen Alan M. Weigel Michael L. William- Devertt D. Woolwine of the U.S. Navy, subject to the qua.llfl.catlons David D. N. Va.nn Charles W. Weikel son Robert 0. Wray, Jr. therefor as provided by law: stephen s. Voetsch Robert S. Wels Mark S. Wllsey Charles R. Wright Lawrence R. Baun Robert J. Voigt Michael R. Weiss Duane A. Wilson Paul T. Wright Robert J. Gallagher John E. Von Gohren Michael K. Welch Clifford C. Wilson David C. Wyatt The following-named temporary chief war­ Daniel R. Vortherms Willla.m J. Welch III George H. Wllson W1llia.m J. Ya.len rant officer to be appointed a permanent chief Joseph A. Wllson, Jr. Leslle K. Yamashita warrant officer, W-2, in the line, in the U.S. David W. Walker Christopher G. Wenz Robert J. Wilson Brian S. Yanagi Navy, subject to the qualifications therefor Jay W. Wa.llln Richard C. West Mark R. Winsor David W. Yip a.s provided by law: Harvey T. Walsh III Thomas S. Wethera.ld Gustav A. Wirth Richard A. Yocum Norman C. Hom Steven D. Walton Alan B. Whiting James E. Wise II David G. Yoshirhara The following-named Navy enlisted can­ Brian D. Ward Peter D. Whitney John D. Withers Mark F. Young didate to be appointed a permanent chief James A. Ward Scott W. Whitney Thomas M. David W. Za.iss warrant officer, W-2, in the line, in the U.S. Richard C. Warner Robert A. Wiesenberg Wlttenschla.eger Eric Zeigler Navy, subject to the qualifications therefor John A. Wolfe Bradley D. Zell as provided by law: Thomas C. Warren, Richard D. Wllckens Thurston E. Womble James E. Ziolkowski Lewis E. Stoops Jr. Calvin R. Wilder, Jr. Chester W. Wong Glenn L. Zitka The following-named (U.S. Navy officer) to Patrick A. Wasilewski Charles D. Wlllett, Jr. Charles C. Woodward, be appointed a temporary commander in the Theodore J. Wasylkiw BryanS. M. Wllliams Jr. Medical Corps ln the Reserves of the U.S. Bernard T. James M. Williams Ill The following-named {Naval Reserve Navy, subject to the quallfl.cations therefor Wawrzenia.k John S. Wllliams Officers Training Corps candidates) to be a.s provided by law: James M. Weckerly Edward T. Williamson permanent ensigns in the llne or staff corps Brian S. Saunders

E.XTENSIONS OF REMARKS WE MUST CHANGE OUR WAYS oil exports will return to the previous level abroad, and to reduce our per capita. energy of 5.5 mnuon barrels a da.y-10 percent of consumption through conservation. the supply: for the non-Communist world, The Japanese and Western Europeans are HON'. ROBERT W. DAVIS a.nd five percent of U.S. imports. miles ahead of Americans in adjusting their OF MICHIGAN Energy Secretary James Schlesinger ls not economies and life-styles to the changing exaggerating, then, when he warns that the realities of the energy market. Where oil is IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES collapse of Iranian production poses a. prob­ concerned, we remain the country of con­ Tuesday, April 24, 1979 lem as serious as the 1973-74 Arab oil em­ spicuous consumption, representing five bargo. The embargo caused a sharp drop in percent of the world's population and using • Mr. DAVIS of Michigan. Mr. Speaker, supplies, but it lasted only a few months. 30 percent of its energy resources. We ca.n despite both the recent efforts to achieve The Iranian curtanment wllllast indefinitely. wring our hands because a. revolution in Iran stability in the Middle East and the de­ Moreover, the ayatollah's new "Islamic re­ threatens our pursuit of the good life, but tection of plentiful sources of fuel within public" is showing signs of regarding its oil no one can say we didn't have fair wa.rning.e our hemisphere, our Nation's most vital supplies as a weapon, the way some Arab import remains gaged by the will of for­ leaders do. It can be presumed that Iran in eign nations. This extreme dependence the future would go along with any attempt WULF ZALMANSON, SOVIET JEWISH must be eliminated. by the Arab states to use on to create pres­ DISSIDENT, IS RELEASED FROM sure against Israel, a. step which the deposed PRISON The decrease in production of oil by a Shah Mohammed Reza Pa.hla.vi refused to once reliable supplier and the recent take. Thus, whether sta.blllty or further OPEC price increases have strained our chaos lies ahead for Iran, its on is nothing HON. JOHN W. WYDLER economic productivity. We can regard to count on. OF NEW YORK this current strain as an indication of a None of the 18 nations belonging to the future way of life. Thus, it is essential International Energy Agency has experienced IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES that this dependence on Middle Eastern a. supply cutback serious enough to trigger Wednesday, April 25, 1979 oil be acknowledged by all. the emergency sharing requirement of the lEA. It is possible, however, that lf supplies • Mr. WYDLER. Mr. Speaker, I have We can satisfy our demand for energy get tighter later this year, we will be obliged some good news that I wish to share only by encouraging the utilization of to share some of our on with other lEA with my colleagues. Along with four domestic energy resources and by gradu­ members. other Soviet Jewish dissidents, my ally preparing our livelihood for the So far, increased production by Saudi adopted prisoner of conscience, Wulf eventual depletion of our conventional Arabia. and other exporters is covering more Zalmanson, has been released from energy sources. than half of the loss of Iranian oil on the prison. world market, but the scramble for reduced Our current consumption of fossil supplies ls driving up prices to the point that Wulf was one of those tried and sen­ fuels is exorbitant. Alternative energy this is little comfort. Some oil has gone for tenced in the first Leningrad trial in sources must be developed and commer­ a. record $22 a barrel-57 percent above the 1970, and he received a sentence of 10 cialized. In the meantime, however, we $14 posted price of the OPEC cartel. An OPEC years at strict regime in a labor camp. must recognize that our ability to cope meeting in March could bring increases tn I "adopted" Wulf about 4% years ago, with the future relies on a prompt social the official price above those already sched­ and have been writing to him and to adaptation to new patterns of energy uled for the balance of this year-a. potential Soviet officials on his behalf since that production. threat to economic growth and a. setback in time. the fight against infia.tion. Wulf had 14 months of his sentence In this regard, I would like to submit What is emerging is not so much a. visible for the RECORD the following article "shortage" of oil but the kind of scarcity still to be served when the personal par­ which appeared in the Alpena News: that disrupts the market for a commodity don, signed by Soviet President Brezh­ DIVERSIFY ENERGY SOURCES and bids up the price. It is beside the point nev, secured his release. Anyone who has The Khomeinl government in Iran wants whether our situation is any better or worse ever given any thought to the condi­ to resume on exports to the industrialized than it was during the embargo five years tions under which political prisoners ex­ countries, including the , and ago. This is simply the same problem, sur­ ist in the Soviet "gulag" will surely re­ may even invite Americans back to work in facing again to remind us of the vulnerabil­ joice to learn that a man has been its oil fields. There is no reason, however, for ity of our energy supplles to distant polltica.l spared 14 months of "strict regime." any of Iran's on customers to feel relleved. events and the necessity of paying the going Furthermore, Wulf has been granted an The United States, Japan and Western price for crude oil in the seller's market. exit visa to leave the Soviet Union. Europe would do well to consider a. worst­ The cure for the problem is the same as it case scenario where the a.va.na.b111ty of Ira.­ was five years ago: to diversify our energy To my knowledge, this personal par­ nia.n oil is concerned. Even if Ayota.lla.h Kho­ sources so we rely less on on, and particu­ don granting release to Wulf and the meini manages to consolidate hls power a.nd larly oil from the volatile Middle East to four others, all of whom were sentenced quiet his country, it is doubtful that Iran's stimulate new production of on here and in the Leningrad trials and none of

• This "bullet" symbol identifies statements or insertions which are not spoken by the Member on the floor. April 25, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 8691

whom were eligible for early "parole" drive to russl!y its inhabitants. The Cyrillic in the United States. I use the word attempt under Soviet law, is unprecedented. I (Russian) alphabet was substituted for the since most of the programs have not met Latin in order to render more difficult the with the expected success. hope and pray that this may be a har­ The main thrust of these programs seems binger of a new Soviet policy toward mi­ contact of the younger generation with Romanian culture; ancestral customs were to be aimed at the areas of largest consump­ norities and political dissidents, and that prohibited; cultural ties with Romania were tion such as transportation. I have yet to all prisoners of conscience in the Soviet broken; hundreds of thousands of Roman­ see a program aimed at areas of small con­ Union may soon be released.• ians were deported to distant areas of the sumption that when put together account USSR, while other nationality groups were for a large portion of the consumption. brought in to replace them. As an example, I use a gas powered lawn The rape of Bessarabia, Northern Bukovina mower. Each time I cut my grass, I use about ABYSMAL RECORD OF U.S.S.R. IN­ and the Hertza region stands out as an un­ a half gallon. During a normal cutting sea­ TERNATIONAL RELATIONS deniable example of Soviet imperialism, of son I will use in excess of eight gallons. Us­ Soviet callousness toward weaker nations ing my consumption as average, that would and, in the post-World War II years, of mean about 240 gallons would be consumed Soviet brutality in dealings with other "so­ in a season on my street alone! I would be HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI afraid to venture a guess on the consump­ OF ILLINOIS cialist" states. It stands as a permanent in­ dictment of the Soviet rulers and their prop­ tion in the 11th District from lawn mowers IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES agandistic slogans "about peace" and alone. Think of the savings in both energy and money if push mowers were used instead Wednesday, April 25, 1979 "friendship among peoples." Americans of Romanian descent and Ro­ of gas powered mowers! I think that this is e Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, at a manians residing in the U.S. strongly protest a very practical alternative which I am go­ time when we are concluding the SALT the continued colonialist subjugation of 3.5 ing to put into practice. negotiations with the Soviet Union, it is mUlion Romanians of Bessarabia, N. Buko­ Another idea I would like to present is to well to remember the abysmal record of vina and the Hertza region. They demand show home owners just where they need to that the Soviet Government respect: put insulation to reduce heat loss in their the U.S.S.R. in international relations. homes. There was an insulation company My attention was recently directed to 1. The 1711 Treaty of Lutzk between Tsar Peter the Great and Dimitrie Cantemir, ruler in one of the northern states that offered to a letter, written by the Truth About Ro­ use infra-red film and take pictures of your of Moldavia by which the river Nistru (Dnies­ home to show where heat loss was occurring. mania Committee to the Soviet Ambas­ ter) was recognized as the border between sador at the United Nations. The letter, If you contracted with the company to cor­ the Russian Empire and the Principality of rect heat losses, the pictures were free. If which is self-explanatory, follows for the Moldavia; Member's attention: you didn't, you paid only for the processing 2. The decision of the freely elected repre­ of the film. It may have been a gimmick to TRUTH .ABOUT ROMANIA COMMITTEE, sentatives of the people of Bessarabia which get customers, but it helped greatly to re­ New York, N.Y., March 31, 1979. on March 27, 1918 proclaimed that "by virtue duce energy waste. H. E. Mr. 0LEG ALEKSANDROVICH TaOYANOVSKY, of historic and national rights and on the I would imagine that you and your staff Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipoten­ basis of the principle that every people has could come up with even more ideas !or sav­ tiary, Permanent Representative of the the right to determine its fate, hereafter anrl ings by small users such as lawn mowers U.S.S.R. to the United Nations, New York, forever unites with the Mother Country, and small recreational "gas guzzlers." I N.Y. Romania"; as well as the similar decision would appreciate any thoughts you may MR. AMBASSADOR: The Romanian Com­ taken by the duly authorized representatives have on this subject. of Bukovina, on November 15, 1918; munity of Greater New York is demonstrat­ Keep up your good work in Congress I ing today to protest the forcible annexation 3. The Declaration of the Ukrainian Rada Respectfully, by your country, the Soviet Union, of three of June 26, 1919, which recognizes the river MICHAEL W. HoFF .• Romanian provinces inhabited by over 3 ¥:! Nistru as the final border with Romania; million Romanians and to re-assert the 4. The Charter of the United Nations which rights of these people to self-determination. sets forth the fundamental right of people to You will certainly recall that on June 26, self-determination (Chapter I, article 1, para. HUMAN RIGHTS IN POLAND 1940, your government, taking advantage of 2). the turbulent situation then preva111ng in Europe, addressed an ultimatum to Romania We believe to be speaking for the silenced demanding the cession, within four days, of people of Romania in declaring: HON. JAMES J. BLANCHARD the Romanian provinces of Bessarabia, That the Romanian people never recog­ OF MICHIGAN Northern Bukovina and the Hertza district. nized and shall never recognize the incorpo­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ration of Bessarabia, Northern Bukovina and Without awaiting the reply of the Romanian Wednesday, April 25, 1979 government, the Soviet armed forces invaded the Hertza region by the Soviet Union; these territories the next day. Romanian That the only way to redress the injustice e Mr. BLANCHARD. Mr. Speaker, I troops were disarmed and the civ111an pop­ infilcted on the Romanian people is to re­ want to call my colleagues' attention to ulation was prevented from fleeing. store to the people of the aforelisted land,. an incident which took place in Poland This brutal and unprovoked act of aggres­ the full exercise of their human rights in­ a little over a month ago. It has not re­ sion was devoid of any historic or ethnic jus­ cluding self-determination; ceived much publicity-but it is an in­ tification. It was the direct consequence of That there can be no friendly relations cident which holds great significance for the Non-Aggression Pact Stalin and Hitler between the Romanian and Russian peoples the cause of human rights. It stands as as long as justice is not done.e concluded on August 23, 1939. By a secret a clear and vivid example of the continu­ protocol appended to the Pact, the two pow­ ing repression of basic freedoms under ers bearing responsibility for the outbreak Communist regimes in Eastern Europe. of World War n, petitioned Poland and the On March 21, in Warsaw, Jacek Kuron, Baltic countries. Germany declared herself SENSmLE INSIGHTS ON ENERGY disinterested in the fate of Bessarabia, while CONSUMPTION a Polish literary figure and one of the the Soviets affirmed their own interest in organizers of the well-known committee these Romanian lands. for the defense of the workers in Poland, HON. ANDREW JACOBS, JR. was brutally attacked. The attack came France and Great Britain had given a guar­ OF INDIANA antee to Romania, but were no longer in a after a "free university" lecture, which position to honor it: France lay prostrate IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES was to be held in Kuron's apartment, was and Britain was in the process of evacuating Wednesday, April 25, 1979 canceled because Kuron's father had its last troops from the continent. These suffered a sudden heart attack. Despite were the conditions in which a whole prov­ e Mr. JACOBS. Mr. Speaker, Mr. Mi­ numerous calls for help, no ambulance ince (Bessarabia), half of another (Buko­ chael W. Hoff of Indianapolis, Ind., has arrived-instead, a group of 50 men vina) and the district of Hertza involuntar­ sent along some sensible insights which armed with night sticks broke into the ily came under Soviet rule. These were over­ do not require a Department of Energy apartment. whelmingly Romanian-inhabited territories. to bring about: Kuron's wife and son and two other They had formed the eastern half of the APRIL 16, 1979. Congressman ANDY JACOBS, Jr., members of the committee for the de­ Principality of Moldavia from its very begin­ fense of the workers were also severely nings in the 14th century. Indianapolis, Ind. DEAR CoNGRESSMAN JAcoBs: I have been beaten, suffering POssible brain concus­ Following the incorporation of these la.nds, watching with great interest the attempts by sions and internal injuries. Kuron's fa­ the Soviet Government undertook a brutal the Government to reduce oil consuxnption ther witnessed the beatings and suffered 8692 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 25, 1979 a second heart attack. The others were ing auditorium (used also as a Ballroom) I believe that through great effort we have able to get him to a hospital only when and meeting room facUlties serving as a created a paradigm for integrating the vet­ House of Assembly. eran with the newly affiliated; for combin­ the attackers left. It was not untll more than a century after ing the wisdom of years with a receptivity We cannot remain silent in the face the Hays famlly, particularly in the 1880's and openness to the new and innovative. It of such brutal methods of intimidation and 1890's, when the East European Jews seems to me that it is this combination and suppression. We cannot sit back and tied from religious persecution, that any sub­ which has given vitality and creativity to allow the victims of this oppression to stantial numbers found a ha.ven in New our people who have spanned mmenia and stand alone and unsupported. We must Rochelle as did the Huguenots, those other lived in nearly every corner of the globe. make certain that incidents like this are refugees from religious persecution two cen­ It is this same unique and delicate com­ made public; that violations of human turies before. bination which remains as a continual chal­ rights are held up to the spotlight of It was not until 1904, however, that the lenge to us in the future. first Synagogue was erected in New Roohelle I know that there is so much good we world attention; and that those who are by the Orthodox Congregation Anshe Shalom can do. I assure you it can only be done to­ responsible are called to task. on Bonnefoy Place in South New Rochelle. A gether." By speaking out, we will at least be few years later, in 1908, Temple Israel, a Re­ We pray that Beth El Synagogue i~ the telling those who are most directly in­ form congregation was organized. In 1909, years to come wlll remain true to its name volved in the fight for their human rights Beth El (or Hebrew Institute, as it was then "House of God"-and wlll continue to serve and freedom-and, therefore, the most called) came into existence. as a place for congregational prayer as well vulnerable-that they are not fighting In 1950, BethEl's modern era began when, as one for lonely meditation; as a haven alone. at the urging of some of its foresighted where one can, in the sanctity of God's pres­ leaders, a four and one-half acre parcel of ence, share life's moments o-r joy and find Mr. Speaker, I call on each of my col­ real estate, known as the Ernst Estate, solace in time of sorrow; as a place for study leagues to join me in condemning the bordering on Nothfield Road on one side and and education; as a place to relax from dally brutal attack on Jacek Kuron and his North Avenue on the other side, was pur­ mundane problems in an atmosphere of social family and associates.• chased. Almost immediately, plans were congeniality; as an institution for the per­ launched for the erection of a new Syna­ petuation of Jewish values; as an institution gogue and Community Center. The purchase, that will always be ready when needed to ANNIVERSARY CELEBRATION OF perhaps not entirely planned that way, never­ serve this congregation and the Jewish com­ BETH EL SYNAGOGUE theless, was perfectly timed to coincide with munity from the cradle to the grave; and the boom in New Rochelle's Jewish popula­ will continue to fulfill those modest objec­ tion in the Fifties that saw the number of tives of the fifteen signers of the original cer­ HON. RICHARD L. OTTINGER Jewish fam111es grow to nearly four thousand tificate of incorporation in 1909 "to foster, OF NEW YORK by 1960 as contrasted with just about two encourage, promote, induce, and advance the hundred at the turn of the century. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES study of the Hebrew language and its litera­ One of the most important and exciting ture." e Wednesday, April 25, 1979 decisions in the history of Beth El was made at the May, 1964 meeting of the Board of e Mr. OTTINGER. Mr. Speaker, on Trustees of the Synagogue. By unanimous Saturday evening, April 28, the congre­ vote, the Board adopted a resolution for the ASIAN COMMUNISM-WITHOUT gation of Beth El Synagogue in New immedia.te planning and then construction Rochelle, N.Y., will gather to celebrate of a new Synagogue to face North Avenue ROMANCE its 70th anniversary. adjacent to the Community Center structure. I am looking forward to attending the In November, 1964, President Stanley I. Batkin, in furtherance of the Board's deci­ HON. TRENT LOTT celebration and am pleased to share with sion, appointed Sydney Mitchell to lead a OF MISSISSIPPI my colleagues excerpts of "The Beth El milllon dollar New Synagogue Fund Raising IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Story: 1909-1979" written by Jacob Campaign. The Drive was now officia.lly under Goldner: way and plans were soon submitted for the Wednesday, April 25, 1979 THE BETH Et. STORY! 1909-1979• construction of "a contemporary bullding • Mr. LOTT. Mr. Speaker, during this (By Jacob Goldner) with strong infusions of tradition" to quote Nation's involvement in Vietnam, there President Batkin. Eventually, the cost of were persons in the United States who Three score and ten years ago, on Marcli 3, Beth El's new Sanctuary was to exceed a 1909, fifteen humble men with high aspira­ milllon and a half dollars. idealized the Communist regime in North tions, representing about fifty Jewish fam- We shall temporarlly conclude this con­ Vietnam as a freedom-loving, fair gov­ 111es in New Rochelle, applied for a certificate tinuing story by quoting from our ex teemed ernment. At the same time, these indi­ of incorporaton as a religious institution ln Rabbi Melvin N. Sirner's remarks, when viduals cited the Governments of South order "to foster, encourage, promote, induce notified of his election as Spiritual Leader of Vietnam and the United States as cruel and advance the study of the Hebrew lan­ this congregation at the Congregational aggressors who would make capitalist guage and its literature." Meeting on May 10, 1976. How they would "kvell" in the knowledge slaves of the people of Vietnam. Time that their descendants and successors not "Happily, Beth El Synagogue begins the has proved these critics of our intentions only carried out these lofty aims, but in the coming new era with many valuable and to be wrong, as is pointed out in the fol­ course of time developed this institution to treasured assets. As I have attempted to say lowing commentary by Mr. George F. its present high level of Jewish community many times, I believe that our greatest assets-and those of the entire Jewish peo­ Will, titled "Asian Communism-With­ service and national prominence in the fam­ out Romance." I commend it to your and ily of Synagogues associated with the Con­ ple-are, first and foremost, human beings­ servative Movement known as the United Nashamot." my colleagues' attention. Synagogue of America. Among the founding "We are blessed with a long history and ASIAN COMMUNISM-WITHOUT ROMANCE leaders whose descendants are still asso­ a core of veteran members of long standing (By George F. Wlll) ciated with Beth El were Israel B. Cohen, whose interest 1n the Jewish life of our com­ For several decades, since the Soviet Union Max Goldstein and Ben Seidenstein. Their munity-let it never be forgotten-has been lost its allure, many "progressives" have ad­ successors in early Beth El leadership in­ steady and steadfast, spanning many years, mired Asian communism-from a safe dis­ cluded Maurice LaVine, Israel Streger, Alfred often decades. Their wisdom and experi­ tance, of course. For such people, 1979 is be­ M. Hackman and Maxwell James. ence have benefitted us all, and we shall al­ coming tiresome. ways value their help. Not by any stretch of imagination or sci­ In January, Vietnam attacked Cambodia: ence fiction could David Hays, the first Jew We have also been successful over the War really 1s hell for a "progressive" when born in New Rochelle-who arrived in 1732- years-indeed to this very moment-in at­ neither side can be called fascist. Cambodia's nor even the fifteen founding fathers of tracting many new Jewish families and indi­ slaughtering of communists was an embar­ Beth El in 1909, have ever envisioned the viduals to our Synagogue. They come due present Beth El architectural gem with its rassment, but so, too, was Vietnam's attack to the depth and breadth of our religious ed­ It refuted the myth of "peace-loving" Hanoi, three separate superb fac111ties for serving ucational, cultural and social programming. a myth concocted to serve the supreme myth: three basic functions of a House of God (Beth I am also confident that most come seek­ Tha.t Hanoi's war of aggression against South El): 1) a magnificent Sanctuary that serves ing and finding a sense of warmth, a feeling Vietnam was merely a welling-up of na­ as a House of Worship; 2) a functional School of community, a concern for the uniqueness tionalist ardor. Wing that serves as a House of Study; and which inheres in every individual. 3) a Community Center with its outstand- Then China, which "progressives" have I hope they find in Beth El a religious said "has so much to teach us,'' attacked place which conducts its Services-those Vietnam. destroying villages to "teach them a •source Material: Gabriel B. Schonfeld with a capital "S" and those with a small lesson." And in Paris, Jean Lacouture, a pro­ and Stanley I. Batkin. "s"-in a religious manner. lific journalist revered by Hanoi's Western April 25, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 8693 friends, denounced himself and others for which she urged prisoners to actively oppose economy growing at the rates we would like. having been "vehicles and intermediaries for U.S. policy, and told the world how well By this measure, despite the surface figures, a lying and criminal propaganda . . . spokes­ the prisoners were being treated. the picture is dismal. The reported figures men for tyranny in the name of liberty." McCain recounts this without passion. He are seriously misleading because inflation Lacouture confessed "shame for having is a professional who understandS that he produces a gross mismeasurement of corpo­ contributed ... to the installation of one of must know the enemy, but not take things rate profits. Blllions of dollars in inventories, the most oppressive regimes [Cambodia's] personally·• plant and equipment used up in production history has known." And "with regard to are misreported as taxable profits instead of Vietnam, my behavior was sometimes more business costs." that of a m1litant than of a journalist. I dis­ Economists point out that true profit pic­ simulated certain defects of [North] Vietnam ATrACK ON PROFITS MISLEADING ture for last year is nothing like the 26 per­ at war against the Americans. . . . I believed cent fourth quarter-to-fourth quarter gain it was not opportune to expose the Stalinist in nominal tenns highlighted in the govern­ nature of the [North] Vietnamese regime." HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI ment's report. After adjustment for infiation Michael Ledeen, writing in Commentary, impact on depreciation and inventory valua.­ says Lacouture's recantation is part of "the OF ILLINOIS tions, pre-tax profits in 1978 were up only debate among French intellectuals over the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 10.7 percent rrom the year before, not much nature of Communism-a debate which has Wednesday, April 25, 1979 greater tha.n the inflation rate. These, in ad­ now reached historic proportions." In France, dition, e.re omcial depreciation figures, which philosophy, like wine, matures slowly, and e Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, in my underestimate capital consumption and over­ some French philosophers, having read Solz­ judgment, the administration's rhetoric state true prof!. t. henitsyn, have concluded (better late than on the subject of profits is a disgraceful As a percentage of gross domestic product never) that the Gulag is the essence, not an exhibition of political doubletalk. The in the U.S. corporate profits in 1978 were accident, of communism. only 5 percent, actually lower than the year It is quite French, this lighting upon the administration obviously does not re­ before and about the average level for the obvious with a proud sense of original dis­ spect the fundamental principle of the infiationary 1979s. By contrast, the average covery, but it is nonetheless welcome, espe­ free enterprise system. return to industry from 1947 through 1965 cially because the debate is spllling into Italy. An analysis of this misuse of the profits was 8.6 percent. To return to a healthy econ­ The debate there is helped along by an irony: issue by the well-known columnist, Allan omy, many economists argue, profits wlll As an Italian commentator has noted, Rome C. Brownfeld, appeared April 5, in the have to be higher. The Journal states: "If has a communist mayor who knows nothing Lima, Ohio, News. His article follows: profits were so great, the stock market would about real communism, and a pope who be booining, the economy would be rapidly knows everything about it. ATTACK ON PROFITS MISLEADING accumulating capital and productivity And now comes another affront to "pro­ (By Allan c. Brownfeld) growth would be rising rather tha.n falllng. gressive" sensiblllties-the movie "The Deer President Carter's chief political adviser, The mismeasurement of profits causes real Hunter," winner of the Academy Award as Hamilton Jordan, has criticized business economic problems without being employed best picture of the year. It is, primarily, a profits in the U.S. as "unnecessarily high," for political demagogy. A responsible govern­ sympathetic treatment of the working-class suggesting that the administration may take ment would take greater pains to put profits young Americans who fought the Vietnam steps to curb them. in their proper perspective." war. Although it deals admiringly with some The chairman of the Council on Wage and Those working men and women who be­ martial virtues (such as bravery, loyalty and Price Stab111ty, Alfred Kahn, stated, "The lieve that high profits are against their own disciplined ferocity), it is in no way a cele­ very large increases in prof!. ts of American interests rather than necessary for their liv­ bration of war or of America's Vietnam corporations wlll strengthen the widespread ing standard to improve should examine the involvement. belief that many American businesses are not subject more carefully. If they do, they will Nevertheless, it has been denounced by assuming their full responsib111ty to fight find that all of us have an interest in profits. those among Hanoi's friends who cling to the inflation.... The large increase puts busi­ Without profits, there is no capital to invest old cause as if clinging to life. They detest ness on trial in the eyes of the American and the economy comes to a halt, leading to the movie's stirring love of country, and even people." unemployment and stagna.tion. more its portrayal of Vietnamese communists The fact is it is the Carter administration This was well understood by Samuel as brutal, especially in the treatment of pris­ and not American business on trial-and it is Gompers, who served as president of the oners. That their many brutalities did not the Carter administration which is respon­ American Federation of Labor from 1886 to include one shown in the movie-forcing sible for our mounting inflation. It is this 1924. He sa.id, "The worse crime against prisoners to play Russian roulette-is not the administration which has pushed for three working people is a company th91t fa.lls to principal point of controversy. Those who increases in the minimum wage and has ex­ make a prof!. t." denounce the movie as "reactionary" reveal panded the federal budget by 25 percent in Profits have essentially three ma.jor func­ how much their opposition to the American two years. It is the administration which has tions: (1) e. guide to prudent decisions; (2) policy was rooted in anti-Americanism and a presented a budget calling for a Ininlmum a basic motivation for economic activity; and romantic assessment of Asian communism. deficit of $30 blllion-and then told us it (3) a source of economic power and financial Captain John McCain of the U.S. Navy was "austere." resources. has not seen the movie. He saw too much of If one examines the figures carefully it be­ Former Treasury Secretary Wllliam Simon the reality. He was a POW for nearly six years, comes clear that dollar profits per unit recently declared his concern "that the nega­ and experienced some of the "defects" of the of output in the past year actually declined tive 81ttitudes about profits held by much of North Vietnamese that the likes of Lacouture about 1.5 percent while employee compensa­ the general publlc ... me.y lead to restrictive thought it would not be "opportune" to tion per unit of output rose 8.1 percent. Gov­ publlc pollcies that would further reduce expose. ernment is trying to make profits "a scape­ profits. This would curtail the pace of capital One day his captors told him he would be goat" for its own bad policies, said Jack Carl­ investment needed to create more jobs and to taken to meet someone identified as "an son, chief economist of the U.S. Chamber of prepare for future growth and the real pur­ American actress who is for peace." He re­ Commerce. chasing power of most Americans would suf­ fused to see the actress, in part, he says, Other businessmen point out that profits fer accordingly. It is important to realize because he did not expect her to be the sort were not genuine because they contained a that profits lead to more capital investment, of person who would go home and ten the large inflationary element. When the costs more jobs, higher wages and, for most Ameri­ truth. of replacing inventories and capital equip­ cans, an increased real standard of living." He also refused because of the experience Instead of educating the American people of a POW who had agreed to meet with some ment are correctly accounted for, they state, profits were far too low, especially if produc­ to the realities of economics, the Carter ad­ other Americans in the "peace" movement. tivity, and living standards, which are fall­ ministration is playing upon widespread eco­ The "peace" people commanded the POW to nomic ignorance to make a scapegoat of busi­ confess war crimes. When he refused, repeat­ ing, are to be raised. The Wall Street Journal criticized the ad­ ness and of profits. Even if such a pollcy were edly and adamantly, he heard a "peace" politically successful in the shortrun, it person suggest to his captors that "this young ministration for what it called "predictable man needs to be straightened out in his demagogy." The Journal declared, "If you would be economically disastrous in the end. thinking." He was hung by his wrists until are puzzled about why the Carter admin­ "If we want to continue to improve the an arm pulled from its shoulder socket. istration is suddenly demagoging corporate standard of living of Americans in the fu­ For refusing to see the actress, McCain was profits remember that it needs a scapegoat as ture," stated W11liam Simon, "the best way confined for four summer months in an un­ its 'voluntary' wage-price program careens to do so is to emphasize the sucessful aspects ventilated cubicle five feet long and two feet toward the total collapse that was always in­ of our impressive economic system-in par­ wide, and he was beaten and starved. Other evitable and is now imminent with Febru­ ticular the role of profits." prisoners suffering similar abuse also were ary's 15 percent inflation. Alfred Kahn e.nd the others know thls made to suffer Jane Fonda's voice: The North "The question about profits ought to be reality. Why do they choose to make political Vietnamese piped into the cells recordings in whether they are high enough to keep the capital instead o! economic sense? e 8694 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 25, 1979 INTELLIGENCE CHARTER LEGISLA­ much attention and resources to the Soviet soon after arriving in this country. This TION NEEDED Union, at the expense ot intelligence-gather­ differs from the problem of illegal aliens. ing elsewhere, especially in Third World Aliens legally admitted into the United countries. Yet U.S. Interests, especially when States, according to figures supplied by HON. ROMANO L. MAZZOLI we are so dependent on imported oU, can be GAO, receive over $72 million under the OF KENTUCKY greatly affected by political movements that have Uttle or no connection with Russian in­ supplemental security income program IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES trigues. (Lev Navrozov, a writer who left each year. Wednesday, April 25, 1979 tl'le Soviet Union in 1972, argues that the Supplemental security income, or SSI CIA does a poor job gathering economic and for short, is a welfare program for people e Mr. MAZZOLI. Mr. Speaker, I would political information even within the Soviet who are aged, blind, or disabled. It dis­ like to call my colleagues' attention to Union, despite enormous effort) . tributes between $5 and $6 billion annu­ the following editorial which appeared in President Carter's appointment of Admi­ ally to individuals who have not paid so­ the April 15, 1979, edition of the Louis­ ral Stansfield Turner to head the CIA may cial security taxes long enough to be ville Courier-Journal. have compounded the agency's problems. Admiral Turner is. by most accounts. abra­ eligible for social security disability bene­ As the editorial suggests, there are fits or old age and survivor insurance. many complex issues to be considered in sive and aloof. Morale at the agency, already battered, has worsened. In 1977, he elimi­ Funds for SSI come from the general developing charter legislation for the nated more than 800 mostly low-level jobs. revenues, not from the social security Central Intelligence Agency and the Earlier thls year. another 250 emoloyees­ trust fund. Federal Bureau of Investigation. many of them middle- and senior-level man­ SSI has been used by some aliens with Among such issues are: The morale agement omcial5-re will be changes, President Car­ basic job: collecting and analyzing useful ter should move cautiously. Polltics may dic­ year residency requirement before most foreign intelligence and getting the results tate that Admiral Turner be replaced. But aliens could qualify for SSI benefits. It to policyma.kers, including the President. the agency has had five directors in six years. would also change the legal status of the The charges are serious. And so 1s the be· Another change at the top might simply affidavit signed by the alien's sponsor. Uef in some quarters that recent intelligence create more confusion. The affidavit would be treated as a legally failures-in Iran and Afghanistan, for in­ More important than the !ate ot Admiral binding contract. stance-are an argument for t·

All of the arguments which, in our shared GENERAL SALAN'S ANALYSIS OJ' CHINESE VIET• myth has had its day-that of the invinci­ opinion, make the CVN such a logical choice NAMESE CONFLICT blllty of the Vietnamese Army which boasted over the CVV apply with almost equal valid­ "Giap must be back in his little rubber­ that it was the third military power of the ity in a comparison between the CVN and soled shoes at this minute." As he spoke world.'' the CV. (The CV would cost an estimated General Salan unfolded the map of upper !According to General Salan, Giap and $143 million more than the CVV to build, Tonkin where the Chinese attacked on Pham Van Dong (the head of the Vietnamese and proportionately more to operate over a February 17. He knows this region, every government) have grown old. They have 13-year period. It would be just as depend­ post, every vlllage, every road and every cra­ committed two tactical faults and an error of ent on logistics support. It would carry not ter. Forty years ago the French commander­ judgment. quite as many aircraft as the CVN, it would in-chief in Indochina ordered him to pre­ "Their first fault: The expulsion last year be less survivable than the CVN, and it pare a defense of that zone, !rom Mon Cay of two hundred thousand Chinese from Viet­ would carry only half as much aviation fuel to CaoBang. nam. In so doing, Pham Van Dong made Mr. and two thirds as much aircraft ammuni­ "I marked out the entire frontier," he Teng lose !ace. It was an unsupportable tion as would a CVN.) recalled. affront. There is a final point of almost overwhelm­ During the preceding wars, ~inst the The second fault: The direct, massive in­ ing importance which should be considered: French expeditionary corps and the Ameri­ vasion of Cambodia. General Salan has Those who advocate construction of a CVV, can forces, Giap's troops held the heights known !or a long time that this was Giap's or even a "compromise" CV, take it for and fired on the valleys. Now the situation intention. It was inscribed in a telegram Ho granted that the oil needed by those oil­ is reversed. What American aviators called Chi Minh addressed to his troops before his burning ships wm be available anytime and "the craters of death", because they were death and was made publlc in General Salan's anywhere it is needed. That is a most danger­ packed with artlllery, are now in the hands of book, "Indochine Rouge", publlshed by ous assumption to make in building a ship the Chinese divisions. Presse de la Cite in 1975. which might have to be deployed on short Formerly number two under General de This telegram, dated September 20, 1952, or no notice anywhere in the world-includ­ Lattre de Tassigny, theh Commissaire of the and decoded by French cryptographers, said: ing: (1) Constellation-llke sorties to the Republic in Tokin and commander-in-chief "Our strategic aim is to retake all of Viet­ vast reaches of the Indian Ocean where the in Indochina in 1952 and 1953, General Salan nam, Laos and Cambodia, !rom the gate of United States has one small refueling base, went on to analyze the situation for va­ China to Point Camau, from the coast of In­ at Diego Garcia (the nearest alternative is leurs actueles. dochina to the shores of the Mekong." Subic Bay in the Ph111ppines, 4,000 miles "They (the Chinese) have launched their Giap took over twenty years to execute Ho away); or even (2) at a time of another oil affair well," he resumed. He based hls judge­ Chi Minh's order. He did it, but in going too crisis, to the more narrow confines of the ment on three observations covering the ell­ far he gave the impression that he was going Eastern Mediterranean to help preserve the mate, the topography and the population. to over-run the Indochinese Penninsula, in­ new peace between Egypt and Israel. It was the perfect moment for an attack. cluding Thailand and Malaysia." Persuaded by the logic of the above cost The climate is excellent. The dry season will "In occupying Cambodia," said General considerations, and even more by the over­ last untll April 15. On the Russian frontier Salan, "the Vietnamese gave the Chinese whelmi.ng greater combat capab111t1es of the with China, on the other hand, it is mid­ cause to worry when they were already on CVN, there are already many members of winter with temperatures as low as thirty the alert on their northern frontier. So they both the House and Senate, Republicans and degrees below zero (-20°F fahrenheit). decided to bar the gate in the south. Democrats allke, who are committed to As !or the terrain: The general described The error of judgment which Pham Van authorizing another Nimitz-class CVN in the the frontier !rom Lao Cal, the gateway to Dong committed was to think for a minute FY 1980 defense budget approved by con­ China, to Olen Bien Phu, the exit towards that his alliance with Moscow would intimi­ gress. Laos: date Peking and that the Russians were to­ Such action, they recognize, would risk "The Chinese have built up their offen­ tally committed to stand by him. What he another confrontation with the President. sive on all of the good roads leading into did was give Peking an opportunity to dem­ Too many confrontations of that type are Upper Tonkin. They hold the heights, they onstrate that an alllance with Moscow is not good for the country. And they are not control the connecting roads and the two not an assurance against any eventuallty. good for our overall national defense pro­ railroads. All of that zone is bordered by By attacking In mid-February, the Chinese gram. Kwangsi, in China, and is known as the gave themselves two months, before the end Another such confrontation should there­ country of a hund

EDUCATION BUDGET (In millions; fiscal years)

Difference Difference between between administra· administra· CBO current tion request CBO current tion request Administration Administration policy pro- and CBO Administration Administration policy pro- and CBO Program estimate, 1979 request, 1980 jection, 1980 current policy Program estimate, 1979 request, 1980 jection, 1980 current policy

Elementary and secondary educa­ Research and education aid: tion : Budget authority ______$1 , 339 $1,405 $1,468 -$63 Budget authority ••• _. ___ •• _ $7, 765 $7,730 $8, 394 -$664 Outlays •••• ______1, 272 1, 330 1, 388 -58 Outlays ••• ·-- __ __------__ _ 6, 517 7, 016 7, 599 -492 Higher education : Total: Budget authority. ______5, 507 5, 200 5, 575 -375 Budget authority •• ___ 14,611 14,335 15, 437 -1,102 Outlays ______Outlays_ •• · --•. ---·------_ 4, 873 4, 887 5, 225 -337 12,662 13, 323 14,210 -887

Over half of the $276 million cut proposed programs at their current levels. The Admin­ gress. CBO and numerous education groups by the Administration is due .to a reduction istration asserts that the most important stu­ believe that the Administration has under­ in budget authority needed to continue cur­ dent assistance programs can be continued estimated how much money will be needed -to rent policies in the basic educational op­ at or near current levels with less than cur­ fully fund the program. portunity grant (BEOG) program for col­ rent funding because higher family incomes The Administration's budget estimates are lege students. According to t he Administra­ will make approximately 130,000 students in­ based on a prediction that, due to the elimi­ tion, the decrease is possible because antici­ eligible for loans, and because improved nation of fraud and abuse, there will be a pated higher family incomes will reduce the management control and improved collec­ higher rejection rate, thereby continuing the total number of eligible students by 130,000. tions on old loans reduce the need for higher decline begun in FY 1978 in the number of The other major cut in the education budg­ levels of funding. The President's student aid individuals participating in the program. CBO et is the elimination of all Category B proposals however, are dependent on tenuous asserts that the FY 1978 decline in program funding for impact ald. assumptions-particularly the assumptions participation resulted more from confusion of fewer eligible students and improved loan over new procedures than from student in­ Program Summaries collections. CBO estimates the impact of the eligibility. The Adxninistratlon's projections Higher Education Student Assistance Administration's budget request will be fewer are also based on estimates of future eco­ The Administration has requested $262 available loans, fewer loans for low-income nomic growth, which may be overly optimis­ million less in budget authority for student students, and loans of smaller amounts. tic. In addition, the President's budget pro­ loan programs in FY 1980 than was re­ Basic Education Opportunity Grants posals do not include an extra $15 million quested in FY 1979. The following chart (BEOGs) .-The Administration has re­ which HEW officials feel will be required if compares the FY 1979 amounts with the quested $2.4 billion for the BEOG program the Administration succeeds in phasing out FY 1980 requests: for FY 1980, $156 million less than the FY social security post-secondary education 1979 leveL Of the amount requested, $726 benefits to the children of retired, disabled, [Budget authority in millions; fiscal years) million actually represents funds left over or deceased workers. from previous years rather than a request for The Administration has given oral assur­ Administra· Difference new budget authority. ances that it will request supolemental funds tion between The BEOG program is the principal form for BEOG's should its initial request prove request, 1979 and of higher education student assistance and inadequate. Most education groups believe Program 1979 1980 1980 may be supplemented by loans from other that will be necessary. assistance programs. The Administration The impact of underfunding the BEOG pro­ Basic education oppor· estimates that its request will provide 2.6 gram will be greater competition for fltudent tunity grants ______$2,600 $2,444 -$156 million students with individual grants of up loans in other programs, with students from National direct student low-income families likely to be most ad­ loans ______329 235 -94 to $1,800 in the 1980-81 school year. The aver­ Guaranteed student age grant is estimated to be $940, a.n increase versely affected. loans ______972 960 -12 of $ 50 over 1979. National Direct Student Loans (NDSL) .­ Supplemental education ooportunity grants ____ CBO estimates that the Administration's The Administration wants to cut budget au­ 340 340 ------request falls $753 million short of what wm thority for the National Direct Student Loan College work study ______550 550 ------State incentive grants ___ 77 77 ------actually be needed to fully fund BEOGs in pro~am to $94 million below the FY 1979 $23!5 FY 1980. TotaL ______1980. Estimates of BEOG program costs have level-to million for Under the 4, 868 4, 606 -262 traditionally been inaccurate and low, and NDSL program. loans are distributed to chances of inaccuracy are greater this year schools by the Federal Government and the CBO estimates that an additional $340 mil­ because of changes made by the Middle In­ schools are responsible for collecting on the lion is required to keep student assistance come Student Assistance Act passed last Con- loans. April 25, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 8707 The Administration's request does not meet in the CWS program. CBO also believes that distriots with 23 million children through­ the statutory minimum appropriation of the Administration's estimates of increased out the country. It could result in higher $286 million set by Congress in the Middle participation from 796,000 students in FY local property taxes, decreased quality of Income Student Assistance Act. The Admin­ 1978 to 990,000 students in FY 1980 is too education, or 'both. Although Category B aid istration assumes that, despite the budget high. represents just over half of the total amount cut, program participation will decrease by Elementary and secondary education of impact aid, there are far many more chil­ only 1% from 914,000 students to 902,000, be­ dren benefiting from Category B assistance- cause it expects schools to intensify their ef­ The President is requesting $7.7 billion for elementary and secondary education pro­ 2 million children-than from Category A- forts to collect debts from students who have 356,000 children. Of the 2 million children grams for FY 1980, an increase of $65 million defaulted on loans. This will enable it to make over FY 1979. The major cut in this category counted for Category B aid, 712,000 are poor a large cut in funds with only a marginal de­ children living in low rent public housing. cline in student participation. The govern­ is the elimination of $288 million in Cate­ CBO estimates that $346 million would be ment's ability to improve collections is lim­ gory B impact aid. Smaller cuts are recom­ required for category B in FY 1980 to main­ ited. In fact the most recent HEW figures mended in various programs for the handi­ tain current impact aid service levels because show that the number of defaults has in­ capped, although the largest of the pro­ of rising education costs. grams to benefit the handicapped would re­ creased from 600,000 to 700,000. Education of the Handicapped.-There are The cut in the NDSL program could hurt ceive a $58 million increase over the FY 1979 funding level. Funding of Title I of the ele­ several federal programs for educating handi­ low-income students who cannot attend col­ capped children. The largest of these is the lege without government assistance. Should mentary and secondary education Act, which is the largest federal elementary and second­ state assistance grant program which pro­ the Administration fail to increase collec­ vides funds to school districts for each en­ tions by the 30% it estimates is necessary ary education program and provides funds to low-income school districts for the edu­ rolled handicapped child. Other programs to maintain current participation levels, stu­ for educating handicapped children include dents from low-income families will receive cation of poor children, would not be in­ creased. the special education personnel development fewer or smaller NDSLs. program and the preschool incentive grant While the Administration believes that full Title !-Elementary and Secondary Educa­ tion Act (ESEA) .-Title I is the largest fed­ progra-m that provides special education for funding of BEOGs will offset the decline in children under age five. NDSLs, it may not provide increased assist­ eral elementary and secondary education pro­ gram. It provides funds to low-income school Although the Administration proposes to ance to low-income students. The increase increase funding for state assistance grants in BEOGs will accrue almost entirely to districts for the education of poor children and to states for state agency compensatory from $804 million in FY 1979 to $862 million middle-income students. in FY 1980, its request is approximately $400 CBO claims that the Administration's esti­ education programs. The Administration has proposed funding million below the amount needed to sustain mates overstate the number of grants that the level of federal financial commitment will be available to students under NDSLs. Title I at the FY 1979 funding level of $3.1 blllion, and amount that CBO estimates mandated by law. As the number of handi­ Should schools decide to increase the average capped children served by the program in­ loan to take into account the 16% inflation is $218 million below the amount required to maintain current services. While outlays will creases and as local education agencies de­ rate since 1978, only 853,000 students would velop more comprehensive delivery systems, be eligible for NDSLs in FY 1979 and 786,000 increase from $2.6 billion in FY 1979 to $2.8 billion in FY 1980 (reflecting past education groups believe that more funds in FY 1980. Should schools, however, keep will be needed. the average loan amount at the FY 1978 budget increases for the program), CBO level of $710, lit will be worth 16% less in real figures show that an additional $211 million CBO asserts that even the small cuts pro­ dollars. in outlays would be needed to maintain cur­ posed by the Administration for the special Guaranteed Student Loans (GSL) .-GSLs rent services. education personnel development and pre­ are unsecured loans provided to students In addition, the Administration is request­ school development grant programs will re­ through private lenders on which the gov­ ing budget authority of $658 million ($258 sult in 'a lack of adequate funds to maintain ernment pays a 7% interest subsidy on be­ million for FY 1979 and $400 million for .FY current services. The Administration is pro­ half of each student as well as a special 1980) for a newly authorized compensatory posing a $2 million cut in funds for the allowance to lenders to encourage their par­ education program. This program provides special education manpower development ticipation. The budget request represents the grants to areas with higher concentrations of program from $57 million in FY 1979 to $55 cost of the subsidy and the special allowance low-income students. million in FY 1980. The impact of the cut, to the government. Although the proposed funding of the new combined with inflation, could result in 5,160 fewer persons receiving special training- The Administration proposes to cut funds grants program may partially offset the re­ duction in real dollars for present Title I 91,990 in FY 1980 compared to 97,150 in FY for this program to $960 million in FY 1980, 1979. The impact of the $2.5 million cut in $12 million less than in FY 1979. CBO's cur­ programs for those school districts that qualify for additional grants, CBO asserts the preschool incentive grant program-from rent policy projection for the guaranteed $17.5 million to $15 million-will result in student loan program is just over $1 billion. that if the total amount of funding for Title I is compared for 1979 and 1980 the Presi­ a lower per pupil expenditure. The per pupil While the difference is not a large one, CBO expenditure of $80 in FY 1979 will be cut estimates that it will result in $200 million dent's FY 1980 budget still falls $105 million less in loan capital available in FY 1980, short of what is required to maintain the cur­ to $67 in FY 1980. CBO estimates that $85 rent level of services. per pupil is the amount required to continue totaling only $2.4 billion rather than the $2.6 to provide current services. billion the Administration estimates will be Impact Ald.-The Administration proposes available. This means that 1.1 million stu­ to eliminate all Category B funds within the Vocational Education.-The Administra­ dents rather than 1.2 million will t"eceive impact aid program. Impact aid is designed tion is proposing to fund vocational educa­ loans. to help compensate school districts for the tion programs at their FY 1979 level of $682 The impact of the reduction in GSLs will cost of educating students where the local million in FY 1980. Vocational education be felt primarily by low-income students tax base is reduced because of federal prop­ groups assert that an additional $300 million erty ownership or student enrollment is high­ is needed in FY 1980 if vocational educa­ with the greatest financial need. Fewer loans tional programs are to accomplish the objec­ wm increase demand and competition be­ er due to the presence of a federal employer. tives for which they were established. Since tween middle- and low-income families. Districts which include military bases, gov­ 1974, the increase in federal support for Higher-income fam111es have a decided ad­ ernment offices, Indian lands, and public low vocational education has averaged only 3% vantage because they are more likely to have rent housing are eligible for impact aid. cur­ annually, well below the rate of inflation. established banking relationships and be­ rently more than 4,000 school districts--25% cause private lenders see them as less likely of the school districts in the nation-receive The impact of the President's budget would to default on loans. impact aid. be most severe on the group that needs voca­ tional training the most-unemployed youths Fewer GSLs to low-income families com­ Unlike most federal education assistance, in economically depressed central cities. A bined with the cut in NDSLs could severely impact aid can be used to pay for general larger amount of funds could help to de­ handicap low-income students in their effort operating costs such as heating utilities to get a college education. crease the flow of unskilled youths into the teachers' salaries, and instructional' materials: labor market by providing them with school­ College Work Study (CWS) .-The Admin­ Because impact aid funds are used to meet based training and help to stem the further istration has requested $550 million in FY costs incurred by the entire school system, deterioration of the nation's central cities. 1980 for the college work study program, 23 million elementary and secondary school which provides part-time employment for age children would be hurt indirectly by a SECTION m-ARGUMENTS FOR AND AGAINST students. This is the same level of funding cutback in aid. Impact aid is divided into SPECIFIC PROPOSALS as in FY 1979. Unspent FY 1979 funds com­ two categories: Category A includes children This section summarizes the arguments bined with FY 1980 funds may not be suffi­ whose parents live and work on federal prop­ being made my proponents and opponents of cient to continue the current level of serv­ erty or on Indian lands; Category B includes specific proposals in the Carter Administra­ ices for this program if social security stu- children whose parents live or work on fed­ tion's education budget. (See note at end of dent benefits are eliminated. CBO, however. eral property. section.) asserts that CWS is probably being over- The Administration's proposal to elhninate Higher education student assistance funded. Increased demand by middle-income entirely $288 million in category B aid in Arguments for the President's Budget.­ students for BEOGs could reduce the demand FY 1980 would affect more than 4,000 school Supporters of the President's budget argue 8708 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 25, 1979 that the most important student assistance tricts view impact aid money as a payment · awards thousands of contracts worth bil­ programs can be operated at a higher level in lieu of taxes and use the funds for schools' lions of dollars to small and minority than in FY 1979 despite the spending reduc­ general operating expenses, including heat, businesses across the country. I try to tion. Improvements in management control, utillties, teachers' salaries, and instructional acquaint local businessmen and women detection of fraud and abuse, and collections materials. Abruptly ending Category B pay­ from loan defaulters wlll make this possible. ments would throw numerous local school in the Los Angeles area with how they The reduction ln funds for BEOGs Is the re­ budgets into chaos. School districts that rely can expand their opportunities through sult of rising family incomes which will ellm­ on impact aid wm face critical budget short­ an annual conference. lnate some students who were previously falls forcing them to raise property taxes This Federal Procurement and Trade eligible to participate in the program. All or lower the quality of education. Elimina­ Conference has met with a great deal of other students remain ellgible, and, should tion of funds would hurt not only 23 milllon success. One of the reasons is the assist­ the request for BEOGs prove too low to serve students who directly and indirectly benefit, ance I receive from major prime con­ all ellgible students, the Administration wlll but would add to the inflation burden . on request supplemental funds to assure full famllles. Congress should be going after waste tractors in southern California-the funding. Insofar as the cut In NDSLs Is con­ in the federal budget, not important educa­ aerospace industry. cerned, only 12,000 fewer students will be tion programs. These companies have an outstanding ellgible for these loans, and BEOGs should HantUcapped education budget record in helping small and minority be able to offset the decllne in this program. businesses. Opportunities are increasing Argumen,ts Against the President's Arguments For the President's Budget.­ and the result is a better economic out­ Budget.-Opponents of the Administration's Supporters of the Administration's budget for educational programs for the handicapped look for our area. budget request for student assistance pro­ This year, conference participants grams argue that it w111 hurt low-Income argue that it ls adequate to meet the edu­ students. They have greater need of financial cational needs of handicapped chlldren. Ex­ heard from Mr. Lawrence Kitchen, presi­ help to attend college than other students. cept for small cuts in three programs, fund­ dent of Lockheed Corp. Lockheed has an Yet, additional funds for BEOGs wlll accrue ing levels will remain the same as they were excellent record 1n their small and almost entirely to middle-income students. in FY 1979. More important, funding for the minority business program. According to Wlith more lower- and middle-income stu­ largest of the programs-the state grant pro­ Mr. Kitchen: dents competing for fewer NDSLs, fewer stu­ gram-has been increased by $58 million. For those programs which have been cut, the cuts Lockheed spent $359 m1111on last year with dents from low-income famllles will be able small businessmen. to qualify for ald. Increased demand for can be made up through other programs. BEOGs and other student aid programs could Support for preschool programs can be pro­ In recognition of their efforts, the Of­ also create a larger demand for GSLs. As with vided through the state grant program; the objectives of the early childhood education fice of Minority Business Enterprise NDSLs, greater competition for loans among

IN REGARD TO TESTING have to be kept under frozen conditions. and women combined was only 71% of what I. Tests should only be made on humans This would present quite a distribution would be expected in a similar group of peo­ problem and other handling dl1Hculties. It ple in the general public. or species genetically similar. Humans are In their paper entitled "Bladder Cancer not Rats. has been estimated that pork production n. The amount of Ingestion wUl be equal with respect to cured meats is a $12.5 billion Mortality in Diabetics in Relation to sac­ to a level that the average person would business, so you can see it would have a charin Consumption and Smoking Habits," consume dally. devastating effect on the hog business in the Dr. Bruce Armstrong and the world re­ III. The test will be reviewed by a seven United States. nowned epidemiologist Slr Richa.rd Doll of member board as appointed by the Secre­ Recent and continuing advances in ana­ Oxford University, England, compared 18,733 tary. lytical instruments have made it possible bladder cancer patients with 19,790 Indi­ IV. Label the product with a warning stat­ for chemists and biochemists to detect rela­ viduals suffering from some other forms of Ing what the chances are of getting cancer tively very small amounts of potentially dan­ cancer to determine 1! there were more dia­ are. gerous material with ease. As the instru­ betics among the other groups. They reported V. Educate the public. It may cost money, ments become more refined and detect even that "we were unable to find evidence of but look at how much the Federal govern­ smaller levels of these materi-als, we tend to risk of bladder cancer in diabetics. Some ment wastes each year. lose perspective when we consider thelr who must have consumed above average Following the inclusion of parts IV and V dangers. Trace amounts, within the range of amounts of saccharin for twenty yeMS." They by amendment, the Council adopted the our bodies' .tolerance, become items of con­ concluded that "the data are reassuring and modifications to the Delaney Clause by a cern when perhaps they should not be. encourage the belief that saccharin is not vote of 77 to 1. It now has been found that nitrates when carcinogenic to man in amounts commonly Our group wishes to pose a question to all added with ascorbate (Vitamin c. and Vita­ used by diabetics." who are present here today. A simple show minE works in much the same way) do not Pamphlet after pamphlet, report after re­ of hands wlll su1Hce in answering our ques­ form nitrosamlnes, the cancer causing agent port, state the same facts, yet the federal tion. The question Is: Is there anyone at of bacon, and these ascorbates stlll let It government wants to ban saccharin. In this moment who Is experiencing di1Hculty act as a preventive of food poisoning and banning saccharin the federal government with thelr vision In that they are seeing dou­ preserve the taste and color of bacon. Even would cause much more harm than good. ble, have drooping of the eyelids, weakness after cooking, no nltrosamines are formed. The reaction of the public alone could cause of muscles, dilation of pupils, vomiting or It has also been found that nitrosamlnes are a war between them and the federal dl1Hculty of breathing and swallowing? May­ everywhere around us--in the air, water, government. be these problems describe how you feel: a certain common fresh vegetables, several in­ Dr. Michael S. Kramer, a pediatrician at fever, muscle pains, sweating, chills, vom­ dustrial fluids, and even cosmetics. But the Yale, says "the danger of the war on cancer iting and swollen eyelids. bulk of human exposure to nitrites comes is as that it is threatening to become a war If you don't have these symptoms, you from inside our own Intestines, where they on common sense. The proposed ban on sac­ are fortunate Indeed, but it is possible that are produced by our own bodies' "manufac­ charin w111 almost certainly adversely affect you could get them. These symptoms are turing" system. the health and perhaps even shorten the of the diseases botullsm and trichinosis. In view of these new discoveries, It 1s use· lives of diabetics to say nothing of the po­ Botulism 1s a term applied to a rare type of less to try to eliminate nitrites in food be­ tential increase in the remaining popula­ food-poisoning caused by the toxln arising cause most of the nitrites we come in con­ tion. The fact that all that sugar and all from the presence In Improperly preserved tact with everyday are within our bodies. those calories may represent a greater health foods of the Clostridium bolutinium. Trich­ And as yet, there Is no practical way known risk in terms of diabetics, cardiovascular inosis 1s a disease caused by eating raw or to eliminate whatever hazard there may be disease, and tooth decay does not even Improperly cooked flesh of pigs or other to us from internal exposure. appear to have been contemplated.... " meat-eating animals Infected with the larvae We do know that our bodies can usually Even according to the government there of a round worm, trichina. repair the effects of carcinogens In general is no evidence that saccharin has ever Both diseases can be acquired from food and the effects of the nitrosamines In par­ caused cancer in human beings. In spite of products that have not been properly pre­ ticular. This means that we don't need to all those facts the FDA wants to ban sac­ served. Nitrites are used extensively in cur­ get completely rid of the nitrosamines and charin. We oppose this idea! Ing pork products and some fish products. carcinogens of other types from our environ­ The world food supply grows smaller every Nitrites perform three functions. They ment. What we do is focus our attention on day and if we keep outlawing substances and provide the reddish color that we are ac­ curbing carcinogenic substances we have nutrients we will never be able to meet the customed to in cured meats, provide the dis­ control over. Sodium nitrite is not one of needs of the people twenty years from now. tinctive flavor of cured meats, and prevent them. the formation of botulism. If nitrites were Delaney has served us well over the past to be banned because of the Delaney Clause, Latest release from the Federal Food and twenty years but every concept must need these maladies could definitely occur. Drug Administration . . . Mom's apple pte change. If we review in our minds the evi­ The problem with banning nitrites is that causes cancer. Every day you hear some other dence presented we must foresee a change in there are no known safer alternatives. You nutrient or ingredient has been banned by the status of Delaney. Scientific technology simply can't have cured products that look the F.D.A. One of the major elements that has advanced since 1958 when the Delaney red and fresh, smell fresh, or taste fresh and is under federal controversy is the food ad­ clause was first introduced. At that period disease free as we know them without ni­ ditive Saccharin. technology could only measure parts per mil­ trites. You can salt pork bell1es, but they are Saccharin by definition is a crystalline cy­ lion. Today, in 1979, they measure parts per not bacon. They would come from the same clic imide with a chemical composition ot trlllion. The law has not advanced in pro­ ) NH, to piece of meat as bacon, but would be white C6H 4 (CO) (S02 with its sweetness vary­ portion technology. After a brash cri­ or gray in color and would be quite salty to ing from 200 rto 700 times that of sucrose In tiquing, we can foresee a type of transcending taste. solution of varying concentration of some idealism in the original piece of legislation. Second, an alternate substance for nitrites form of the amide of ortho-tovenesultonlc But in trying to apply this, it falls far short will take time to develop. Hundreds of sub­ acid. It often is used ln the form of its solu­ of the original expectations. You must real­ stances have been tried over the years, and ble sodium derivative as a sweetening agent ize we are not mandating a repeal of the nobody has come up with an adequate sub­ that has no food value. clause, only a modification that would per­ stitute. There is also an additional factor Saccharin reportedly causes bladder can­ mit the basic risk/benefit concept to be ap­ In that any alternative compound would be cer In test animals. When you consider the plied. The allles of Delaney call for a strict subject to the same kind of scrutinizing carcinogenicity of any food additive you must interpretation but give no alternative tor tests that nitrite is being subjected to now. consider the test used to determine the car­ the diabetic in relation to the saccharin ele­ Within the span of time between having ni­ cinogenic level. Test rats that developed ment of Delaney. In respect to the nitrite up­ trite and having a substitute, the disease cancer had received saccharin in a dosage as rising there has not been a ·substance proven factor arises. People may experiment with, high as five percent of their dally diet. This to be as effective against the botulism virus for instance, homemade smoked sausage. is equivalent to an adult human drinking as nitrate. Many more would be eating pork as fresh an average of 1,000, 355 milllliter (12 oz.) diet Through persistent research and heated meat. Present cooking and storage habits soft drinks dally for a lifetime. In another deliberation we have heard the testimonies would need to be retaught as spoilage would study done in Canada, the dosages of sac­ of many famous o1Hcials in their fields. And occur sooner. charin fed to the rats were in excess of the we as a committee have drafted a modifi­ Convenience will be lost and higher prices amount that a consumeT would receive !rom cation for Delaney. It makes the clause more will be gained because of changed packaging drinking 800, 12 oz. diet sodas dally tor a workable and feasible economically in re­ procedures and safety requirements. To pre­ lifetime. spect to the health and safety of the Ameri­ vent botulism, products treated with sodium Dr. Irving I. Kessler of John Hopkins Uni­ can people. We never can hope to achieve a nitrite wlll need to be kept in cold storage or versity studied the overall mortality rate zero-risk world. All technology and advance­ irradiated or packed in a sterile can to be from bladder cancer of 21,447 diabetics who ment would be stopped or abolished. We safe. underwent treatment at a la.rge diabetes must match one risk against the other or as Industries, meat retailers, processors, dis­ clinic in Boston during a 26 year period end­ some would call it a risk-vs-benefit. We as a tributers and farmers would suffer greatly ing in 1959. Among other results Dr. Kessler committee would like to submit the modifi­ because all previously cured meats would found that bladdeT cancer mortality for men cation to the Delaney Cla.use as outlined.• 8730 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 25, 1979 ASBESTOS HAZARD IN SCHOOLS nothing more than workmen's compensa­ uses of asbestos have been abandoned-in tion payments. Most of the pla1nt11fs, tlhere­ insulation, for example-and the govern­ fore, are insulation workers who handled ment has banned all spray-on appUcatlons. HON. GEORGE MILLER J-JM's products while working for someone As a result, asbestos has ceased to be the ~.g., in a sh1py:ard or a consstruotlon OF CALIFORNIA JITOWth industry it once was, and J-M and compa.ID.y. They contend that J-M and the its competitors have been scrambling to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES industry had a duty 'to provide a warning of develop substitute products. Asbestos stlll Wednesday, April 25, 1979 rthe health dangers of asbestos years before accounted for 19 percent of J -M's operating they actuaUy did. J-M began putting cau­ income last year on just 7 percent of sales • Mr. MILLER of California. Mr. Speak­ tionary labels on lots products in 1964, and (without Ollnkraft), down sharply from 37 er the severe health hazards associated argues that until then it lacked sumcient percent of operating income in 1976. None­ with the exposure of workers, their fam­ evidence of the risk to workers who used theless, the company posted sales of $1.6 ilies, schoolchildren, and others to asbes­ asbestos products lbut weren't involved in bUUon and earnings of $121.6 milUon last tos and asbestos materials has become a m<.~.kln~ them. The company has settled year, both records. abbut 250 of the claims out of court. Only So the future importance of asbestos to major issue for the Nation and for Con­ twelve he.ve ·been tried by jury. and no clear J -M may lie mainly in the courtroom. The gress. I have introduced legislation to pattern has emerged. Juries have ruled for outcome there 1s shrouded by impondera­ help States and local communities to the plaintiffs exactly ha.lf the rtime. bles: the number of lawsuits that wm ulti­ clean up imminent hazards in the thou­ Wh'M is clear 1s that this graylsh-wlhite, mately be filed and the poss1b111ty that sands of schools where deteriorating or fibrous mineral has snuffed out many human Congress wm pass a compensation program. easily damaged asbestos materials pose lives. That is a bitter irony because when The wild card, though, is the poss1b111ty of a significant health danger to millions of employed as a fire retardant, aSbestos has punitive damages. which are not covered children. also saved lives. With its quality of hea.t re­ by insurance. Although punitive damaP."e!' But this legislation only begins to sistance, and its remarkable strength and haven't been awarded so far, evidence pro­ fiexibiUty, it has found more than 3,000 ap­ duced durin~ the last year has made the touch on much broader, and more costly plloations. Because of this, nearly everyone plaintiffs' attorneys more prone to ask for problems such as compensation for the has some exposure to asbestos, from the them. victims of asbestos exposure, their fam­ Child who sits tn a. schoolroom under a fi'S.k­ RESTORING TO SELF-INSURANCE ilies, and survivors. HEW has estimated lng asbestos ce111ng to the household handy­ The costs of the litigation haven't yet been that 67,000 people may die from asbestos man who saws and sllinds some types of W'll.ll­ burdensome, since most of the settlements, boa.rd. The latest worry involves tbe dangers jury awards, and legal fees have been cov­ related diseases in each of the next 30 posed by asbestos-lined hg.trdryers, whtcll years. can blow fi'bers into the user's face. No one ered by J -M's llab111ty policies with Travelers It is imperative that Members of Con­ knows what risks to health are involved tn Corn. J-M wlll not talk about its coverage gress familiarize themselves with these these consumer situations, or whether they prior to 1947. except to say that it has some. issues. Fortune mazaine, one of the lead­ will result in Jemsults years from now. In terms of potential Uabmtv. this is an im­ portant period because milUons of wor~ers ing business publications in our country, The worst exposures have occurred in the were exposed to hazards in the wartime has just published a very important story workplace, where asbestos has caused dis­ shipyards. on the asbestos issue. I want to share this abUng and often fBite.l disease. Asbestosis 1s In 1947, J-M signed the first of a series story with all of my colleagues, because a non-m.aaUgnant scarring of the lungs that of policies it would hold with Travelers for it not only provides a thorough history has been blamed for the deaths of 7 to 10 the next thirty years. Its aggregate cover­ percent of asbestos workers surveyed in epi­ age under the policies 1s $16 mJ111on, with of the problem, but points to some of the demiological studies. The disease can make major decisions which this Congress may a $5,000 deductible for each claim. In ad­ breathing so d'11ftcult tha.t victims cannot dition. the comoany took out !348 million have to make concerning solutions, some cUmb e. flight of stairs without sitting down in backup coverage with other insurers that of which might cost the taxpayer billions to rest every few steps. Mesotlhelloma, a can­ could be called on 1f the primary coverage of dollars. cer of the Unings of the chest or abdominal was exhausted. The article follows: c.avitles, a.lso '&SSOCia'ted exclusively with as­ Unable to estimate the liablUty that miP."nt bestos, usually kills viotims within a year arise from present levels of asbestos ex­ AsBESTOS after symytoms appear. The preeminent as­ In 1898, Henry Ward Johns, founder of posure, insurers stopped writing new primary bestos-disease researcher, Dr. Irving J. Sell­ asbestos coverage in the mid-1970's. When the Johns-Manvllle COrp., died from e. koff, dir81Ctor of the Environmental Sciences chronic lung condition that doctors now Travelers refused to renew its policy for the Laboratory at New York's Mount Sinal 1977 fiscal year, J-M was forced into a svstem believe was asbestosis, e. disease caused solely School of Medicine, has lfound mesothelioma by inhaling asbestos fibers. Today, Jdhn's of self-insurance. It has to pay the first $3.5 in about 7 percent of the asbestos workers milllon of anv cJaim!; that relate to asbestos death can be viewed as e. grim omen: J-M, he's studied, and even some cases among the free world's largest asbestos-fiber pro­ wives 'Wiho merely shoo't out work clothes. exposure in fiscal 1977, $5 mlllton in 1978, ducer, is beset by more than 1,500 lawsuits The mineral a.lso increases the risk of lung and $12.5 milllon in 1979. Beyond those brought by people who have been stricken cancer, which accounts for up to 20 percent amounts, which operate Uke very large de­ by asbestos-related diseases. If asbestos turns of deaths among asbestos workers. ductlbles, it is insured for a maximum of $50 mtllion in each of those three years. out to be the unprecedented industrial­ For John A. McKinney, fifty-five, J-M's health tragedy that many predict, the wave But the new trove may not do the company chairman and its chief executive since 1977, much good. It is the $364 m1111on available of claims could mount over the next two the aSbestos prt>blem has its personal side. decades, exhausting J-M's insurance cover­ during the 1947-76 period that wm be drawn Several of his friends h9.ve died or asbestos upon for th~ bulk of the payments. The com­ age and causing e. serious drain on the com­ diseases, tncludtng e. J-JM l!llbor-reltlltions pany's resources. pany's financial Uablllty is being prorated man, a. plant engineer and e. plant manager. among the polic1es in force during the period J-M is not the only defendant in the tor­ Such memories make him sympathetic to rent of lltlgatlon. Owens-Corning, Raybes­ in which the 1n.1ured oarty was exposed to the plight of victims, but the silver-haired asbec::tos. The long period!; of exposure in­ tos-Manhattan, Keene, and other past or McKinney ts vigorous in putting up the best present asbestos manufacturers are also in­ volved in present claims fall largely in the possible defense. A lawyer who joined J-M years before 1976. volved, often as codefendants. But as the l·n 1951 as a. patent counsel, he spends about industry's leader, J -M is in t'he vortex of the Is the $364 mlllion adeouate? Already there half of his time on the asbestos problem, is strain on the $16 mUlion in orimarv cover­ controversy. While vigorously defending it­ directing the company's strategy and meet­ self in the courtroom, it has also embarked age, which the company admits wlll be ex­ ing with legislart;ors and secur':l.ty analysts. hausted in about two years. The pace of set­ on an effort to shl!t the financial burden of The eompany has had trouble 'both on Capi­ the heaLth claims to the federal government. tlements has been acceleratlng-139 of the tol Hill and on Wall street. During e. series 250-odd settlements were reached in 1978, at Because many of the claimants worked with of congressional hearings on asbestos last asbestos insulation while building ships dur­ an average cost to the company of $15.400. f.a.ll, the price of J-M's stock plunged a.Jbout Plaintiffs actually receive several times that ing World War II, the Denver-based com­ 20 percent, and it hasn't recovered. pany is suing to force the government to amount-f!ometlmes as much as $100.000 or A DECLINING INDUSTRY more-because about ten companies are indemnify it for some claims by shipyard often involved as defendants, and they split workers. It is also lobbying hard for a govern­ Asbestos litigation 1s almost e. separate business at J-M. Polley is determined by the costs of settlements. Jury awards have ment program that would cut off future law­ varied widely; the largest was $750,000, but sUits. Since smoking a~gravates some asbes­ McKinney and his staff of four attorneys tos-related health problems, J-M supports e. in Denver; it 1s relayed to regional lawyers, that was later reduced to $275,000. compensation program financed partly by who work part time for J-M 1n four cities For .T-M, the bigl!est risk lies in the surg­ tJhe tobacco industry. The asbestos industry and supervise the forty-eight local lawyers ing number of new lawsuits. New fil1ngs have would kick in, too, but most of the money handling the individual lawsuits. risen from 159 in 1~76 to 792 last year, with would come from taxpayers. McKinney acknowledges that the health recent monthly totals running at an annual and litigation problems have helped push rate of almost 1,600. Increasing ·publicity THE JURIES ARE SPLIT the company into d1vers1ficatlon. Last fall about the problem has undoubtedly helped J-M ts shielded age.lnst most lawsuits J -M acquired Olinkraft, the forest-products to generate many of the new claims. "I've from 118 own employees, who are entitled to company with sales of $447 mUUon. Some talked to about fifty of our clients about April 25, 197D EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 8731 Johns-Manv1lle stock," says one analyst. himself to the !hazard. The failure to give an to the same potential hazards" a.s xnanufac­ "After I explained the situation, two said adequate warning makes the product "un­ turing workers. Sinlth said he urged that a their fathers had worked with asbestos ln reasonably dangerous," and liability attaches warning label be used on the company's as­ the shipyards and had died of cancer. They to any injury. The manufacturer is held to bestos products, but his recommendation was both asked me U I knew a lawyer who would the sk111 and knowledge of an expert, and he turned down. file suit for them." has an affirmative duty to test his product to In its defense, J-M has maintained that individual case reports and compensation McKinney thinks the number of suits is discover dangers. reaching a peak right now. The publicity For J-M, the complicated legal theories claims were not sumcient, that only the about asbestos disease, he says, has probably can be boiled down to two questions. The kind of study released by Sellkoff in 1964 flushed out most of the potential claims. first is, when did the health hazards to in­ could have formed the basis !or issuing a More important, argues J-M's corporate med­ sulation workers become foreseeable, trig­ warning label. Until then, the company ical director, Dr. Paul Kotin, dust-control gering the warning-label requirement? Sec­ says, it relied largely on a. 1946 study of efforts over the last twenty years have be­ ond, once the warning was issued, did it shipyard insulation workers that failed to gun to pay off in reduced incidence of disease. adequately communicate the extent of the show a.ny significant evidence ot disease. These safety efforts consist primarily of im­ danger? J-M contends that knowledge of Although the study was an important one provements in ventilation, various tech­ the asbestos hazard in the early years per­ at the time and was done by four govern­ niques to "lock in" the fibers in products con­ tained only to workers in the industry, not ment consultants, the government's position taining asbestos, and use of respirators. Ko­ to people who handled insulation products, in 1946 was anything but clear---5ince three tln also argues that federal standards on as­ which contained about 15 percent asbestos. years earlier, those shipyard guidellnes had bestos exposure, which mandated signifi­ There was no reason to warn insulation listed asbestos as a. disease of insulation cantly lower dust levels in the 1970's, have workers, J-M argues, until Sellkoff came workers. As for Dr. Sinlth, the company has created safe working conditions. down from Mount Sinal ln 1964 with his produced testimony to contradict his asser­ tions. ASBESTOSIS AT LONG BEACH tablets of stone. But there is evidence, some of which has A DEADLY COMBINATION But Kotin acknowledges that J-M's is a surfaced in the past year, to suggest that J-M is also arguing that smoking is re­ minority position. Many doctors feel that as­ a warning label should have been used at sponsible for the large number of lung-can­ bestos levels were dangerously high before an least as far back as the early 1950's. The cer deaths among asbestos workers. Asbestos emergency federal standard was set in De­ first published report or asbestosis in an alone increases the risk of lung cancer among cember, 1971, and that the present dust levels insulation worker appeared in U.S. medical nonsmokers about fivefold, but the combina­ postpone the manifestation of disease but literature in 1932, and although it would be tion of asbestos and smoking is unbelievably don't prevent it. Although the incidence of years before a l!ull-scale epideinlological deadly-increasing the risk by a factor of asbestosis appears to be related to the dura­ study would be carried out, American and sixty or more. Unfortunately, in the absence tion as well as the intensity of exposure, British medical journals from the 1930's on of precise information about the causes of cases of mesothelioma have resulted from carried reports of disease among both manu­ cancer, juries often have to choose between periods of intense exposure as short as three facturing and insulation workers. two jousting expert witnesses, one bla.Inlng months. In the leading court case, Borel vs. Fibre­ asbestos, the other smoking. Nobody has exact figures on the number board Paper Products Corp., the U.S. Court Now J-M has to contend with that wild of people who were exposed to asbestos in the of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit in 1973 up­ card-the possib111ty of punitive damages. past, or what their exposure levels were. But held a jury vel'dlct in favor of an insulation Plaintiffs seeking such awards must prove recent examinations of shipyard workers sug­ worker who had contracted asbestosis and not just negligence, but willful misconduct. gest that claims could continue to be filed mesothelioma after working with asbestos They think they can show this on the basis until the turn of the century. At the Long !rom 1936 to 1969. The court noted the medi­ of J-M's failure to use a warning label until Beach Naval Shipyard, about a third of the cal Ilterature and said that the jury could years after it allegedly had direct knowledge workers employed seventeen years or longer properly have concluded that the injury to of a hazard. Their evidence includes those have X-ray evidence of asbestosis, yet are stlll plaintiff Borel "was 'foreseeable to the de­ old workmen's compensation awards to in­ able to work. A similar picture has emerged fendants at the time the products causing sulators as well a.s correspondence passed from other shipyards, and it is a distressing Borel's injuries were sold.'' Even though among industry executives in the 1930's, one because these postwar workers generally Borel and other insulation workers weren't which shows a.n attempt by some executives had a much cleaner work environment than handllng pure asbestos, the dust levels were to hold down publicity about asbestos dis­ their predecessors. so high that Borel frequently had to blow ease. J -M, whose lawyer a.t that time, Van­ The National Cancer Institute believes out his work clothes with an air hose at the diver Brown, was one of the correspondents, that "the major public health impact of end of the day. The court said that "a known argues that far from covering up the prob­ asbestos-related cancer is just beginning to risk" predated the 1964 study, and affirmed lem, the company was sponsoring studies of be reflected in overall cancer statistics," the jury's conclusion that the defendant asbestosis among manufacturing workers. and estimates that more than two mllllon manufacturers, which included J -M, !breach­ This new evidence, which surfaced last people wlll die from asbestos-related can­ ed their duty to warn. The court also said year, has been submitted to only one judg~ cer. The industry has attacked those esti­ that the warning labels the company began in connection with a request for punitive mates as being wildly overblown. Selikoff using ln 1964 failed to communicate the damages. He evidently wasn't impressed and of Mount Sinal won't be drawn into the seriousness of the risks. refused to allow the jury to consider such numbers game, but says: "It's clear that a Actually, the Navy Department and the damages. Last August, another judge con­ very large number or people are involved." U.S. Marl time Commission had recognized sidered the same evidence but only in con­ J-M claims that N.C.I.'s estimate of the risk to insulation workers !rom high nection with a request for a new trial of a two Inlllion cancer deaths is high by at dust levels as early as 1943. In their booklet case that J-M had won. He ordered the new least a factor of ten. Even 1.! that is so, published that year, "Minimum Require­ trial, saying that the correspondence showed J-M future liab111ty could be :very high. ments !or Safety and Industrial Health in "a. conscious effort" to "downplay, or argu­ Based on the average settlement cost to Contract Shipyards," they noted that as­ ably suppress, the dissemination of informa­ J-M of about $21,0()()--...$15,400 to the plain­ bestosis was a disease that could arise from tion to employees and the public for !ear tiff, plus legal fees--it would take only 17,- "any job ln which asbestos is breathed," of the promotion of lawsuits.'' Although 000 settlements before the company ap­ listing such tasks as sawing, cutting, or J -M steadfastly maintains that punitive proached the limits or its insurance cover­ handling asbestos or asbestos mixtures. damages will never be awarded, the exposure age for the period 1947 to 1976. Even if esti­ While important, such evidence is not as of the documents creates a new element of mates of deaths are heavily discounted, it is significant, at least legally, as actual first­ uncertainty that may make J -M more eager easy to speculate that the number of awards hand knowledge, which the plaintiffs also to settle out of court. could be much higher. But J-M asserts its claim the company possessed. Beginning in SHIFTING THE BILL TO WASHINGTON insurance coverage is more than adequate, the 1930's, J-M had a division that hired In the long run, J -M's lobbying effort in based on its view that the problem has crews of workers to install insulation on Washington may be more important to its peaked and that its legal defenses will pre­ construction sites. Some of the workers began financial health than anything that hap­ vail in most cases. making workmen's compensation claims for pens in the courtroom. The company is sup­ AN "UNAVOIDA"BLY UNSAFE'' PRODUCT asbestos diseases against J-M and other ma.n­ porting a bill introduced by Representative Actually, J-M may find it ditftcult to keep ufacturers with slinllar divisions, and com­ Millicent Fenwick, whose New Jersey district its share of the settlements and awards as pensation-board records show that settle­ is the home of J -M's largest plant. The bill low as $15,000 apiece because evidence pro­ ments were entered against J-M in the 1950's. would establish an asbestos-compensation duced during the pretrial discovery phase DR. SMTrH'S RECOLLECTIONS system patterned after the coal miners' of the lawsuits has been eroding the com­ Further evidence that J-M should have black-lung program, which is administered pany's legal defense. Like many important labeled its product sooner h'as been given by the u.s. Department of Labor and fi­ drugs that carry the risk o.t serious side by Dr. Kenneth Wallace Smith, who was nanced by the government and by coal effects, asbestos is categorized under prod­ J -M's corporate medical director !rom 1952 operators. uct-11ab1llty law as "unavoidably unsafe." to 1966. In two sworn depositions before Some type of "white lung" program is Such products must be accompanied by a his death last year, Smith said he told J-M probably the only fa.ir and orderly way to warning to the ultimate user or consumer, executives and lawyers as early a.s 1952 that compensate victims of asbestos disease. Re­ who can then detennlne whether to expose he believed insulation workers "were exposed liance on the legal system to resolve what 8732 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 25, 1979 could easily be tens of thousands of cases­ courage the perpetuation of, this unjust Many children in foster care do not be­ each Qne requiring extensive depositions, dis­ and costly system. long there; covery motions, expert witnesses, and the like-would be slow and costly. Considering The membership of this commission There are less costly alternatives to the vagaries of fifty different state product- included some of the leading :figures in many types of foster placements; 11ab111ty laws, the results of the cases would the American business community. These Many children are in overly restrictive, hardly be consistent. Already, for example, members, who deserve the gratitude of overly costly placements; dozens of claims have been dismissed because the Congress and the public for their Preventive service programs, periodic of local filing rules. work, include: reviews of placement, improved case Many critics of a government :remedy claim NATIONAL COMMISSION ON CHILDREN IN NEED planning and reunification services can that lawsuits offer the best payout, but that OF PARENTS not only dramatically reduce the number just isn't so for the majority of cases. Even Mrs. Griffin B. Bell, Atlanta, Ga. and Wash­ and duration of placements, but can save large jury awards can easily be cut in half ington, D.C. substantial amounts of money; by lawyers' fees and expenses, while a com­ Mrs. Charles Duncan, Houston, Texas and Many children in foster care could be, pensation system could provide adequate washington, D.C. payments with adjustments for inflation. and should be, adopted, but the absence Christopher F. Edley, Executive Director, of a federally supported adoption sub­ The more controversial question is who United Negro College Fund, New York, N.Y. pays for the program. Fenwick's b111, once Marshall K. Evans, former Vice-Chairman, sidy program maintains thousands of effective, would bar new asbestos suits in Westinghouse; Chairman, Children's Hos­ children in foster care, even though sub­ favor of the federal program and give plain­ pital, Pittsburgh, Pa.. sidized adoptive placements are less ex­ tiffs with pending suits the option of con­ Larry Gelbart, Playwright, Beverly Hills, pensive and far better for the health and tinuing in court or applying under the pro­ Calif. well-being of the child. gram. Initially the Treasury would finance Miss Dorothy Height, President, National These conclusions, backed by an ex­ the plan, but eventually it would be funded Council of Negro Women, New York, N.Y. haustive amount of research and statis­ half by mandatory payments from the as­ Kaye Klddoo, Corporate Director, Man­ bestos and tobacco industries and half by power Resource, Lockheed Aircraft Corp., tical evidence, have been reiterated by the taxpayers. However, taxpayer Uab111ty Burbank, California. the Department of Health, Education, would be open-ended because if the fund Charles Kirbo, Attorney, Atlanta, Ga. and Welfare; numerous State studies; proved inadequate, the government would Ph111p M. Klutznick, Chairman, Urban child welfare and social service orga­ pay the excess claims. Investment and Development co., Chicago, nizations; the New York City comptrol­ It's unlikely that Congt'ess will pass a com­ Ill.; former U.S. Ambassador to the United ler; social welfare research organiza­ pensation program that has such a grip on Nations Economic and Social Council. tions; the Children's Defense Fund; the the taxpayers' wallets. Nor should it, since James H. Maloon, Executive Vice President, General Accounting Office; and many the federal government's legal responsibllity Pan Am Airways. Baldwin Maull, former Chairman, Marine others. for the present health problems seems lim­ In the last Congress, the legislation ited. But there is justification for some gov­ Midland Banks; Director, St. Regis Paper ernment contribution to the compensation Co., Niagara Mohawk Paper Corp., Princeton, which would have significantly improved of wartime shipyard workers. In the frenzied N.J. the foster care and adoption system, push to build naval and merchant vessels William S. Ogden, Executive Vice Presi­ H.R. 7200, narrowly missed enactment, for the war, shipyard employment soared dent, Chase Manhattan Bank, New York, N.Y. having been subjected to repeated and from 168,000 in 1940 to 1.5 mUlion 1n 1943. Cornelius W. Owens, former Executive Vice wholly unnecessary delays in the Sen­ President, A.T. & T., Director, New York The 700 fatal accidents in the shipyards In ate. This year, the new b111, H.R. 3434, is 1943 suggest that safety procedures were Stock Exchange; W. R. Grace and Co., At­ lanta, Ga. already moving swiftly in the House, often overlooked In the haste to fill wartime backed by strong bipartisan supporters. production quotas. The government, which Harvey C. Russell, Vice President, Pepsico, had shipyard standards covering the handling Purchase, N.Y. Again, all eyes concerned with the well­ of asbestos, apparently failed to see that they Charles J. Scanlon, Vice President, Gen­ being of children will be on the Senate. were strictly enforced. Consequently, the eral Motors Corporation, New York, N.Y. Is it possible that the U.S. Senate shipyard workers who have fallen ill with as­ Robert Schneider, Director, Public Affairs, alone will fail to recognize the plight of bestos disease are the last uncounted casual­ Xerox, Stamford, Conn. these 500,000 children, and wlll again ties of the war. Mrs. James M. Sibley, Atlanta, Ga. delay enactment of these overdue and MORE YEARS OF UNCERTAINTY J. Henry Smith, Former Administrator, noncontrover~ial reforms? It is my per­ Regardless of the liab111ty formula, no as­ Human Resources Administration, NYC, sonal nope that the conclusions of the bestos-compensation program is likely to be former Chairman, Equitable Life Assurance report of the National Commission serve enacted in the near future. Most of organized Society, New York, N.Y. to stimulate the Congress and all con­ labor favors a comprehensive approach to oc­ Marietta Tree, Partner, Llewelyn Davies cerned people to press for the swift en­ cupational-disease compensation, and an­ Associates; Director, CBS; Pan Am Airways, actment of H.R. 3434. other comoetltor is certain to be Senator New York, N.Y. Harrison Williams' longstanding effort to Let me merely cite portions of the write national minimum standards to up­ Malcolm Wilson, former Governor, State conclusions of this important report: of New York; Chairman, Manhattan Savings First. ApproximatP.ly 500.000 American grade state workmen's compensation systems. Bank, New York, N.Y. All this adds up to more years of uncertainty children are presently in foster care; about J-M's financialliab111ty. For McKinney, They have thoroughly studied the fos­ Second. The courts are often the cause the lawyer who became c.e.o., the courthouse ter care system, and they have joined of children unnecessarily spending surely holds no attraction anymore.e a long list of individuals and organiza­ years in foster care; tions who have declared it a bankrupt Third. The way in which Federal aid program. is provided encourages keeping children "With some admirable exceptions, the in foster care and discourages finding CONTINUING CRISIS IN FOSTER them permanent homes; CARE foster care system in America is an un­ conscionable failure, harming large Fourth. Foster care is administered by numbers of the children it purports to staffs to overburdened, poorly paid, and HON. GEORGE MILLER serve." This emerges as the unanimous often unprepared professionally that OF CALIFORNIA verdict of the National Commission on they are ill equipped to free children for adoption and find homes for them; IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Children in Need of Parents after months of inquiry. Fifth. Inadequate support payments Wednesday, April 25, 1979 Two years ago, when I first introduced to foster parents contribute to frequent • Mr. MILLER of California. Mr. "The Foster Care and Adoption Reform turnover of homes and thus mean morn Speaker, earlier this week, the most re­ Act," I said that my own investigations moves for foster children; cent in a long series of studies of the fos­ and those of many others had clearly Sixth. Taxpayers and contributors to ter care system in the United States was established that the foster care sys­ charity are not getting their dollar released. This study, by the National tem currently operating, encouraged the values for foster care spending in this Commission on Children in Need of Par­ break-up of the family and even sub­ country: ents, once again documents the terrible sidized it. Since that time, there has been Seventh. Children virtually become conditions under which tens of thousands an unrelenting and unchallenged stream lost in foster care; of children needlessly exist, and the man­ of studies, reports, hearings, and investi­ Eighth. There is in America no "co­ ner in which Federal inaction and anti­ gations which have unanimously con­ hesive" system of foster care worthy of quated laws contribute to, and even en- cluded: the name. April 25, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 8733 These are sobering conclusions. There did not. Nuclear safety is not based on this the st111 open relief valve to the floor of the 1s no need for more studies, and the chil­ or that gadget, but on two principles by containment building, and the water began dren cann·ot atford to wait. There can which to contain any unforeseen events that flowing out. As soon as the pressure and the might oocur. One is the defense in depth, a. water level dropped, the big moment in 22 be no surer test of a Member of Con­ multi-layered system of defense belt around years of nuclear power history had come: The gress commitment to children and the only danger point, the reactor core. first occasion for the Emergency Core Cool­ families than that indicated by his or The two major bulwarks of this defense ing System to be activated in a real emer­ her support for H.R. 3434.e are the Emergency Core Cooling System and gency. the containment building. Both were the It would never work, the Naders had been main targets of the anti-nuclear obstruc­ yelling; the steam wouldn't let the water in, tionists, and both performed superbly. Every the tests were on too small a scale, they were honest scientist and every informed citizen nothing but etaged theatrics and computer­ CASE AGAINST NUCLEAR ENERGY ized eyewash. IS A BUM RAP will be reassured by a defense system that stood up to a freakish series of five independ­ Now the big moment had come. Within ent, horrible failures and human errors seconds, years ot anti-nuclear propaganda HON. RON PAUL under the most aggravating conditions. were shattered as the ECCS came in, auto­ The second principle of nuclear safety Is matically, instantly, rellably. It can take big­ OF TEXAS the slowness of a. nuclear accident. Had more ger holes than an open relief valve, Injecting IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES defense lines been penetrated (or had they, water much faster than it leaked out through as before, been disabled by error), more the stuck valve in the pressurizer, so that Wednesday, April 25, 1979 countermeasures, up to and Including evacu­ water and pressure were restored almost 1m­ • Mr. PAUL. Mr. Speaker, Dr. Petr ation, could have been taken. A meltdown, mediately and everything would have been which is not the last line of defense, takes OK-if the operator had realized that the Beckmann, professor of electrical engi­ water was leaking out through the relief neering at the University of Colorado and many hours and gives plenty of advance warning. Alas, it was this very advantage of valve (which could have been closed, or fail­ expert on nuclear energy, also publishes slow evolution (6 days) that enabled the ing that, there are provisions for putting the and edits an extremely useful newsletter cannibals to fan the hysteria to fever pitch. ECCS into a closed circuit pumping the water called "Access to Energy." This publica­ Worse than the frauds, perhaps, was a. through the sump back into the reactor). tion is distinguished by its hard-headed, stupendous omission. 845 MW is a. lot of Instead, he did what amounted to lighting nonhysterical approach to nuclear power, and when much energy is pent up, it a. third match in a. gasoline refinery: He is always dangerous. But nobody compared switched off the ECCS. (Don't blame him energy-an approach that is particularly with hindsight--yet. He may have been valuable in these days. the dangers. A dam break can kill 100,000 people in a matter of minutes. Where is the fooled by correct, but misleading pressurizer The May issue contains material that first, second, and seventeenth dam when the readings.) The water again leaked out I would very much like to bring to my first fails? What kind of emergency cool1ng through the open valve, but this time the colleagues' attention, as a necessary an­ do the LNG tankers docking 3 miles from ECCS had been disabled, part of the core was tidote to the ravings of the antinuclear downtown Boston have? Where are the evac­ exposed, hydrogen was produced in a reac­ zealots. uation plans when a. gasoline refinery blows tion between the zirconium cladding and No form of mass energy production is up? water at high temperatures, and by the time completely safe, as was demonstrated No one died a.t Harrisburg, and no one the open relief valve was detected and ever came close to it. closed, and water restored to the vessel, the when the Liberian oil tanker exploded But generating electric power by fossil now famous hydrogen bubble had coagu­ in Nederland, Tex., recently. fuels k1lls some 20,000 Americans a. year by lated. It allowed only slow circulation of the But, as Dr. Beckmann demonstrates air pollution, transportation and industrial cooling water and slow reduction of its tem­ so eloquently, the case against nuclear diseases. There will now be a few more dead, perature (turning the pumps on at full energy is a bum rap. injured and diseased added to that toll be­ power would have risked damaging them se­ verely, and there were many safer options THE GRAND DISASTER: WHY No CASUALTIES? cause TMI Unit 2 no longer delivers the power that is safer. And already the media., open). (By Petr Beckmann) and the politicos who cater to them, are In the meantime, a fourth match In our Everybody knows that the greatest "catas­ calling for that toll to increase by slowing, analogous gasoline refinery had been lighted: trophe" in the history of nuclear power re­ or even stopping, nuclear power. The radioactive water on the containment sulted in zero dead, zero injured and zero Predictably, those who opposed the sa!est floor was pumped automatically into the diseased; but not everybody can see through form of power on the grounds of safety take-up tanks in the auxmary buUding the four big frauds promulgated by the oppose it even more now that its safety has and-fifth match-overflowed them. Whether media and by the politicians catering to been vindicated in battle. this pump came on by a fishy coincidence them. HOW IT HAPPENED (5.5 min after the ECCS had been activated), "It was a close shave; a meltdown was only or by a. design error that fails to test the narrowly averted." This is two frauds in one. What happened at Three Mile Island water for radioactivity (for example) Is not (3M!) is this: known to this writer. But once again, there First, there never was a time when a melt­ At 4 a.m., on March 28, when the 845 MW down was close; it was held off by several reactor was running at 98% (:apacity, there is defense in depth even here: The filters in lines of defense and would not have set in was a. malfunction in the feedwater flow on the drains let out virtually no radioactive even if further malfunctions had occurred. the turbine side. Both aux111ary pumps tried material other than Xenon, an inert gas Second, a meltdown would not have been the to take over automatically, but (in violation that reacts neither with the filters nor with end of the world, either: The purpose of the of NRC regulations) the valves had been left the human body and does not give It an in­ containment buUding is to contain radio­ shut so no water could get through. The ternal dose (see below). activity after a meltdown has taken place, turbines tripped (went out of service) auto­ The final mishap occurred on Friday, 3/30, and even 1f it, too, fails, there would stlll matically and normally. On the reactor side, when the water was pumped back into the have to be a very unusual weather situation the loss of the heat sink in the steam gen­ containment building (where it should have before there could be large-E(:ale loss of life. erator resulted in an increase in tempera­ stayed harmlessly all the time) ; some water The third fraud is "Scientists told us that ture and pressure, which generated a. reactor was spilled, giving rise to a. puff of radioactiv­ an accident like this is virtually impossible, trip signal; the reactor "scram" (instant ity. It resulted in a miniscule dose in Penn­ but now it has happened." What scientists interruption of the chain reaction by full sylvania, but gigantic headlines in New York. have been saying, and continue to say, is that insertion of the control rods) occurred auto­ SAFETY PRINCIPLE VINDICATED there is an extremely low probab111ty of a matically and normally. There are no second and· third chances in nuclear accident with massive loss of life. Increased pressure should be handled by This writer, for example, does not have tore­ any other large-scale energy fa.c111ty; but on the pressurizer's steam cushion and relief 3MI, after a. chain of five independent, hair­ write a solitary line of his book The Health valve (just as in a. household pressure Hazards of Not GOting Nuclear, and does not raising failures, there were plenty of backups cooker). It was, and the relief valve worked before a meltdown was even close. But what hesitate to recommend it to those who wish normally, but it stuck and failed to close-a to understand why the zero death toll at Har­ if everything else had failed and a meltdown second failure, and one that caused much had actually taken place? risburg was not merely "luck}11." Politicians further trouble. who now pretend to have been duped into It would have taken hours !or the pres­ The steam escaping from the relief valve sure vessel alone to melt, during which time thinking that a nuclear accident, esoecially goes into the relief tank where it is quenched one with no loss of life, was impossible, not in cold water. But when the relief valve the neighboring population could have been only falsely claim that they were told engi­ stayed open, the steam was followed by water evacuated, just in case the containment neers are infallible and mechanical faUures and forced out the rupture disks (that's building would have cracked and let out unheard of, but in effect they now pompously what they are for: As with freeze plugs i.n radioactive gases. ~~~r;:!~t.that they were dumb enough to an automobile engine, it is better to lose the But in all probab1Uty it wouldn't have. plugs than the machine). A path was now What makes us so confident? The fourth fraud is that "The much touted provided for the water to leak out from the An item that the Pulitzer-prize hunting safeguards failed on Three Mile Island." They pressure vessel through the pressurizer and sca.remongers had missed: At 2 p.m. on 3/28 8734 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 25, 1979 the instruments in the containment building start kicking when it reaches 1200 pC/1. trades department of the AFL-CIO have recorded a pressure spike, which was almost Patients given radioiodine in diagnostic tests been in the halls of the House office certainly a hydrogen explosion. While the leave the hospital with up to 30 m11licuries would-be reporters were speculating about (30 blllion pC) in their bodies and radiate a buildings this week to lobby on behalf of an explosion of the hydrogen bubble inside lot more than the milk "affected" by the the Davis-Bacon Act. They are inter­ the reactor vessel (where there was little or Pennsylvania non-disaster. Not long ago, a ested in maintaining this act in its pres­ no free oxygen, and no possibility of a spark lady who was given such a test went on ent form because they directly benefit to set it off), an explosion had already taken vacation with her husband immediately aft­ from the artificially high wages that place in the containment. Why would the erwards. He was given a dosimeter by re­ this act sets for Federal construction building that withstood the explosion (it searchers of the U. of Mich. to see how much projects. must also withstand a 300 mph hurricane radiation he would absorb from his wife I have been interested in curtailing the and the impact o! a jetliner at landing (most o! it in the first two days). After they speed) fail to contain gases at much lower returned, his dosimeter was read: 2.5 remsl effect of Davis-Bacon for the past 3 pressures? That 1s 12 times more from his wl!e than years. The first vote to reform the pre­ But the defense in depth, which kept a the "victims" in Pennsylvania received from vailing wage provision of the act gained meltdown remote at all times, is only hal! the reactor in all of the "nuclear night­ only 35 supporters. Today, there are 73 ot the principle or nuclear safety. The other mare." cosponsors of my bill to repeal the act. halt is the slowness with which the danger And we are still talking about iodine given Because of the growing interest in Con­ approaches, giving the defenders ample time to healthy patients. Patients with cancer o! gress in repeal and because the Ameri­ tor countermeasures. Within hours, the in­ the thyroid are given up to .2 curies, or 50 can people who must pay the higher dustry had fiown in teams ot experts; one billion times more than is found in a quart wages are beginning to learn about how such team engaged in almost Naderite ot "contaminated" milk. inflationary and inequitable this act is, "what-if" fantasies. What if the pump fails? But the most important comparison is the We use the other primary loop (our figure milk be!ore and after the Grand Disaster. those who directly benefit from the act shows only one o! two). What it that !ails, There was no significant change. are certainly afraid that a special inter­ too? We have the ECCS. What if both loops In !act, the milk imbibed by Wllliam Penn est statute might be taken away from !a11 because the power fails? We have a diesel was only slightly less radioactive than it is them. stand-by generator. What it that !ails, too? now. I welcome the lobbying efforts of the Let's fiy in another. And they did. WHY WAS THE HYDROGEN BUBBLE NOT unions. I have advocated greater public There is not just the defense in depth; awareness of the act so any merits and there is also the time to bolster it in the FORESEEN? places where it might grow weak. On both It was. Engineers knew about the reaction the definite problems associated with counts, nuclear safety has withstood a test that produces hydrogen and immediately the prevailing wage concept can be fully in the field, under the most aggravating con­ diagnosed the trouble. (Remember that they discussed. diltions, with plenty of reslllence to spare. had no direct access to the core, and had to The General Accounting Office report Yes, there wlll be a lot of recriminations make inferences from instrument reading." recommending that the Congress repeal and rethinking in the industry. We wlll and computer simulations.) What they had the act will be released very shortly. At walt !or the full explanation before jumping not foreseen was a sequence or events (in­ that time the cosponsors of the repeal to conclusions about human failures, de­ cluding the ECCS being switched off man­ bill, H.R. 1900, will call for hearings by sign errors or even darker possibilities. On ually) in which the core would remain ex­ the Education and Labor Committee. I the other hand, the incident revealed at posed for more than a few seconds or min­ least three highly reassuring items: utes. hope that those who support Davis­ The ECCS has now been tested under In a way, the incident is similar to that at Bacon will join in this request for hear­ "battle conditions" and came through with Browns Ferry: Everybody knew that the in­ ings. If they feel that this act should be fiying colors. sulation could catch fire, but nobody !ore­ maintained-and that it is so good for the The containment building, which is meant saw a wise-guy who would use the open American people who must pay the to contain radioactive gases after a melt­ fiame o! a candle on it. After the Browns wages. I do not see any reason why they down, withstood a hydrogen explosion. Ferry fire, hundreds of miles of cable were should not support these hearings to Perhaps most surprising or all, the core, pulled out in plants under construction and which had been assumed to melt after ex­ help get this matter settled to the satis­ replaced by cables with fire-resistant insula­ faction of all. If they are not willing posure of a few minutes, was actually ex­ tion. When the dust settles !rom the 3MI posed (partially, top only) for three separate incident, there will be many changes, and to support open hearings on the so­ periods: 1¥2 hours, ¥2 hour, and 6 (six!) one o! them will doubtlessly be a provision to called merits of the act, perhaps there hours, respectively. No doubt the exposed bleed off any gases that might lodge in the is something wrong with Davis-Bacon parts of the fuel rods will be found badly cooling loop. that they do not want the rest of the damaged, bent and burst; but they did not But the next incident, and by the iron laws country to know about.• melt (almost no uranium was found in the ot probab111ty there wlll eventually be one, water coming out of the core). The Rasmus­ w111 be of yet another kind, except that it will sen Report was wrong here, after all, at least again be unforeseen. Nobody, least o! all a SENATE COMMI'ITEE MEETINGS for this type of zirconium core: It was far federal bureaucracy (which is now being too pessimistic. clamored for) can foresee everything. But the Title IV of the Senate Resolution 4, RADIOACTIVITY trick o! nuclear safety is not to foresee every­ agreed to by the Senate on February 4, The sum total or radioactivity released in thing, it is to contain anything. 1977, calls for establishment of a system the Harrisburg Grand Disaster was 80 milli­ The principle of guarding against the un­ for a computerized schedule of all meet­ rems (omcal testimony by HEW Secretary) . foreseen, whatever it may be, by a mult11ay­ ings and hearings of Senate committees, That is as much additional radiation as a ered defense, and by providing the time to subcommittees, joint committees, and certain kind o! person would receive by bolster that defense where necessary, paid of! committees of conference. This title re­ moving from Pennsyl vanla into the editorial at Browns Ferry, paid of! at Harrisburg, and quires all such committees to notify the offices of this newsletter {elevation 7,200 ft wlll pay of! again in the future. omce of the Senate Daily Digest-desig­ in the ore-rich Rockies) for less than a year. The lmposslb111ty o! applying this principle nated by the Rules Committee-of the What kind of person? The kind that stood to other power sources, with their diluted time, place, and purpose of all meetings naked near the plant 24 hours a day for the dangers, is what will continue to make them entire episode. less safe.e when scheduled, and any cancellations But that is not all, for rems alone do not or changes in the meetings as they tell the whole story. Practically all of this occur. was due to Xenon, which is inhaled and As an interim procedure until the com­ breathed out a~ain without reacting with CURTAIL THE DAVIS-BACON puterization of this information be­ the body. How about iodine, which gets into ACT comes operational the Office of the Sen­ the food chain and lodges in the thyroid ate Daily Digest will prepare this infor­ gland, possibly causing thyroid cancer? The level of iodine activity was 1/20 (one twen­ mation for printing in the Extensions tieth!) the level resulting in Pennsylvania HON. TOM HAGEDORN of Remarks section of the CONGRESSIONAL from the fallout from the Chinese bomb tests OF MINNESOTA RECORD on Monday and Wednesday of in 1976 {when all those protest demonstra­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES each week. tions were held against Red China by the Wednesday, April 25, 1979 Any changes in committee scheduling Fondas, Naders and Ellsbergs, remember?). will be indicated by placement of an as­ This time the iodine level in milk was only e Mr. HAGEDORN. Mr. Speaker, mem­ terisk to the left of the name of the 22 picocuries/litre (pC/1); the EPA and NRC bers of the building and construction unit conducting such meetings. April 25, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 8735 Meetings scheduled for Thursday, 9 :30a.m. 9:30 a.m. April 26, 1979, may be found in the Daily Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry Environment and Public Works Digest of today's RECORD. Nutrition Subcommittee Regional and Community Development To hold oversight hearings to evaluate Subcommittee MEETINGS SCHEDULED the progress in the past decade of To markup S. 914, proposed National APRIL 27 eliminating hunger in America. Public Works and Economic Develop­ 9:30 a .m . 322 Russell Building ment Act, and S. 971, proposed En­ *Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Finance ergy-Related Economic Development Economic Stabilization Subcommittee Energy and Foundations Subcommittee Act. To continue oversight hearings on the To hold oversight hearings on the im­ 4200 Dirksen Building administration's anti-infiation pro­ plementation of the energy taxation Judiciary gram, and t o review the relationship policy for tax proposals relating to To mark up S. 390, proposed Antitrust between fiscal policy and inflation. energy production. Procedural Improvements Act. 5302 Dirksen Building 2221 Dirksen Building 2228 Dirksen Building Commerce, Science, and Transportation Labor and Human Resources Select on Ethics Aviation Subcommittee Handicapped Subcommittee To continue hearings on the investiga­ To resume oversight hearings on the To hold oversight hearings on proposed tion of Senator Talmadge's alleged Civil Aeronautics Board's plan to im­ amendments to the Rehabilitation Act abuse of certain financial reporting plement the Airline Deregulation Act (P.L. 93-516). rules of the Senate. (P.L. 95-504) . 4232 Dirksen Building 1202 Dirksen Building 235 Russell Building Select on Ethics 10:00 a.m. Environment and Public Works To hold hearings on the investigation Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry Nuclear Regulation Subcommittee of Senator Talmadge's alleged abuse of Agricultural Credit and Rural Electrifica­ To resume hearings on the safety pro­ certain financial reporting rules of the tion Subcommittee cedures taken by the Nuclear Regula­ Senate. To hold hearings on S. 836, establishing tory Commission in relation to the 1202 Dirksen Building telecommunications facilities for recent nuclear reactor accident in Har­ 10:00 a .m . broadband services in small towns and risburg, Pennsylvania. Commerce, Science, and Transportation rural areas. 4200 Dirksen Building To hold hearings on the following nomi­ 322 Russell Office Building Finance nations: Mary P. Bass, of New York, to Appropriations Taxation and Debt Management Generally be Inspector General, Department of Interior Subcommittee Subcommittee Commerce; Frank Saburo Sato, of Vir­ To resume hearings on proposed budget ginia, to be Inspector General, Depart­ To hold hearings on S. 103 proposed estimates for fiscal year 1980 for the ment of Transportation; and Eldon D. National Park Service. Save Our Schools Act, and S. 449, pro­ Taylor, of Virginia, to be Inspector posed Charitable Organizations Pres­ 1223 Dirksen Building ervation Act. General, National Aeronautics and Energy and Natural Resources Space Administration. 2221 Dirksen Building Business meeting on pending calendar 224 Russell Building business. 10:00 a .m. •commerce, Science, and Transportation Appropriations 3110 Dirksen Building Communications SUbcommittee Finance HUD-Independent Agencies Subcommittee To continue hearings on S. 611, proposed To resume hearings on proposed budget Communications Act Amendments, To resume consideration in closed ses­ estimates for fiscal year 1980 for the and S. 622, proposed Telecommunica­ sion of issues relating to the imple­ Department of Housing and Urban tions Competition and Deregulation mentation of the Multilateral Trade Development, and the Neighborhood Act. N egotlations. Reinvestment Corporation. 235 Russell Building 2221 Dirksen Building 1318 Dirksen Building Energy and Natural Resources Governmental Affairs •commerce, Science, and Transportation Business meeting on pending calendar Energy, Nuclear Proliferation, and Federal Communications Subcommittee business. Services Subcommittee To continue hearings on S. 611, proposed 3110 Dirksen Building To receive testimony oii the nuclear pro­ Communications Act Amendments, Joint Economic liferation situation in Pakistan and India. and S . 622, proposed Telecommunica­ To hold hearings to examine the rate of tions Competition and Deregulation price and wage inflation when com­ 357 Russell Building Act. bined with stagnant consumer de­ Governmental Affairs 6626 Dirksen Building mands and high unemployment. Permanent Investigations Subcommittee To hold hearings to investigate alleged Energy and Natural Resources 6226 Dirksen Building 2:00p.m. . improper practices within the Bureau Parks, Recreation and Renewable Re­ of Engraving and Printing. sources Subcommittee Energy and Natural Resources To hold hearings on S. 967, proposed 3302 Dirksen Building To resume oversight hearings on the Labor and Human Resources National Park Service's concession Impact Reduction of Energy Resources policy. Act. Child and Human Development Subcom­ 3110 Dirksen Building mittee 3110 Dirksen Building To receive testimony from children on Foreign Relations 2:30p.m. Environment and Public Works issues Congress should consider af­ To receive testimony on supplemental fecting youth in the coming decades. economic and military assistance re­ Regional and Community Development Subcommittee 4232 Dirksen Building quest for Turkey. 11:00 a.m. 4221 Dirksen Building To mark up proposed authorizations for fiscal year 1980 for the Appalachian Select on Small Business Governmental Affairs Regional Commission, and for Title V To resume markup of proposed legis­ To hold hearings on the nomination of Regional Action Planning Commis­ lation authorizing funds for fiscal James H. Duffy, of Maryland, to be a sions to promote economic growth. year 1980 for the Small Business Commissioner of the Postal Rate Com­ 4200 Dirksen Building Administration. mission. 424 Russell Office Building 3302 Dirksen Building MAY 1 2:00p.m. 8:00a.m. •commerce, Science, and Transportation •Labor and Human Resources Appropriations Health and Scientific Research Subcom­ Communications Subcommittee mittee District of Columbia Subcommittee To continue hearings on S. 611, proposed To hold hearings on proposed budget Communications Act Amendments To continue hearings on S. 988, to extend e3timates for fiscal year 1980 for public assistance programs for biomedical and S. 622, proposed Telecommunica­ research. safety services and educational serv­ tions Competition and Deregulation ices for the gover~nment of the District 4232 Dirksen Building Act. of Columbia. 6226 Dirksen Building APRIL 30 1114 Dirksen Building •Energy and Natural Resources 9:00a.m. 9:00a.m. Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry Parks, Recreation, and Renewable Re­ Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs sources Subcommittee Rural Development Subcommittee Housing and Urban Affairs Subcommittee To hold hearings on . S. 490, proposed To hold hearings on the impact of the To resume hearings on S. 593, propm:ed Archaeological Resources Protection Administration's standby gasoline ra­ Elderly and Handicapped Act, S. 740, Act, and S. 495, to provide for the tioning plan on both rural develop­ proposed Homeownership Opportunity establishment of the Frederick Law ment and agricultural production and Act, and S. 745, Housing and Commu­ Olmsted National Historic Site in the marketing. nity Development Amendments. State of Massachusetts. 457 Russell Building 5302 Dirksen Building 3110 Dirksen Building CXXV--55Q-Part 7 8736 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 25, 1979 Governmental Affairs Finance actions of the VA, and for veterans' Permanent Investigations Subcommittee To resume markup of S. 570, to establish att orneys fees before the VA or the To continue hearings to investigate a system of stand-by percentage limi­ courts, and on proposed legislation alleged improper practices within the tations on allowable rates of increases extending certain veterans' health Bureau of Engraving and Printing. in hospital revenues (Hospital Cost benefits programs through FY 1980. 3302 Dirksen Building Containment). S-126, Capitol MAY 2 2221 Dirksen Building Select on Small Business 8 :00a.m. Governmental Affairs To continue markup of proposed leg­ Appropriations Permanent Investigations Subcommittee islation authorizing funds for fiscal District of Columbia Subcommittee To continue hearings to investigate year 1980 for the Small Business Ad­ To hold hearings on proposed budget alleged improper practices within the ministration. estimates for fiscal year 1980 for judi­ Bureau of Engraving and Printing. 424 Russell Building cial services, and transportation serv­ 3302 Dirksen Building Select on Ethics ices and assistance for the govern­ 10:30 a.m. To continue hearings on the investiga­ ment of the District of Columbia. Rules and Administration tion of Senator Talmadge's alleged 1114 Dirksen Building To hold hearings on S. 817, authorizing abuse of certain financial reporting 9:00a.m. funds for fiscal year 1980 for the Canal rules of the Senate. Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Zone biological area of the Smithso­ 5110 Dirksen Building Housing and Urban Affairs Subcommittee nian Institution; S. 927, authorizing 10 :00 a .m. To hold hearings on S. 301, and S. 745, funds for fiscal year 1980 for future de­ Appropriations bills to amend housing and commu­ velopment of the southern area of the HUD-Independent Agencies Subcommit­ nity development laws relating to la­ original Smithsonian Institution tee building; and on proposed legislation To resume hearings on proposed budget bor standards. authorizing funds for fiscal year 1980 5302 Dirksen Building estimates for fiscal year 1980 for HUD for the Federal Election Commission 1318 Dirksen Building 9:30a.m. to reimburse states for their record Commerce, Science, and Transportation Appropriations keeping expenses. Interior Subcommittee Consumer Subcommittee 301 Russell Building To hold hearings on proposed fiscal year To continue hearings on proposed budg­ 2 :00p.m. et estimates for fiscal year 1980 for 1980 authorizations for programs ad­ Judiciary ministered by the Federal Trade Com­ the Department of Energy. To hold hearings on the nominations of 1223 Dirksen Building mission. Harold Duane Vietor, to be U.S. Dis­ 6226 Dirksen Building Appropriations trict Judge for the Southern District Transport ation Subcommittee Environment and Public Works of Iowa; Norman W. Black, to be U.S. Regional and Community Development To resume hearings on proposed budget District Judge for the Southern Dis­ estimates for fiscal year 1980 for the Subcommittee trict of Texas; George E. Cire, to be To continue markup of S. 914, proposed Department of Transportation. U.S. District Judge for the Southern 1224 Dirksen Building National Public Works and Economic District of Texas; James DeAnda, to Development Act, and S. 971 , pro­ be U.S. District Judge for the Southern Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs posed Energy-Related Economic De­ District of Texas; George P . Kazen, to International Finance Subcommittee velopment Act. be U.S. District Judge for the Southern To hold hearings on proposed authori­ 4200 Dirksen Building District of Texas; and Gabrielle A. zations for fiscal year 1980 for inter­ •Judiciary Kirk McDonald, to be U.S. District national affairs programs under the To hold hearings on S. 961, proposed Judge for the Southern District of Department of Treasury. ' Speedy Trial Act Amendments Act. Texas. 5302 Dirksen Building 2228 Dirksen Building 2228 Dirksen Building Commerce, Science, and Transportation Judiciary 2 :30 p.m. Communications Subcommittee Constitution Subcommittee Governmental Affairs To continue hearings on S. 611, proposed To resume hearings on S. 506, proposed Permament Investigations Subcommittee Communications Act Amendments, Fair Housing Amendments Act. To continue hearings to investigate al­ and S. 622, proposed Telecommunica­ 457 Russell Building leged improper practices within the tions Competition and Deregulation Act. Select on Small Business Bureau of Engraving and Printing. To continue markup of proposed legisla­ 3302 Dirksen Building 6226 Dirksen Building tion authorizing funds for fiscal year MAY 3 Energy and Natural Resources 1980 for the Small Business Admin­ 8:00a.m. Business meeting on pending calendar istration. Appropriations business. 424 Russell Building District of Columbia Subcommittee 3110 Dirksen Building Finance Select on Ethics To hold hearings on proposed budget estimates for fiscal year 1980 for hu­ To continue markup of S. 570, to estab­ To continue hearings on the investiga­ lish a system of standby percentage tion of Senator Talmadge's alleged man support services for the Govern­ ment of the District of Columbia. limitations on allowable rates of in­ abuse of certain financial reporting creases in hosp1tal revenues (Hospital rules of the Senate. 1114 Dirksen Building 9:30a.m. Cost Containment) . 5110 Dirksen Building 2221 Dirksen Bullding Appropriations Environment and Public Works HUD-Independent Agencies Subcommittee Resource Protection Subcommittee Governmental Affairs To continue hearings on proposed budget To make UJP proposed legislation au­ Permanent Investigations Subcommittee estimates for fiscal year 1980 for HUD rthorizing funds for fiscaJ year 1980 for To continue hearings to investigate al­ and independent agencies. programs under the Endangered leged improper practices within the 1318 Dirksen Building Species Act, Anadromous Fish Act, Bureau of Engraving and Printing. and Noise Control Act. 224 Russell Building Appropriations 4200 Dirksen Building Interior Subcommittee 2 :00p.m. To continue hearings on proposed budget Governmental Affairs Governmental Affairs estimates for fiscal year 1980 for the Energy, Nuclear Proliferation and Federal Permanent Investigation Subcommittee Smithsonian Institution. Services Subcommittee To continue hearings to investigate al­ 1223 Dirksen Building To hold hearings on the Federal Govern­ leged improper practices within the Bureau of Engraving and Printing. •commerce, Science, and Transportation ment's responsibility for radiation Communications Subcommittee protection. 3302 Dirksen Building To continue hearings on S. 611 , proposed 357 Russell Building Labor and Human Resources Communications Act Amendments, Labor and Human Resources To hold hearings on the nomination ot and S. 622, proposed Telecommunica­ Business meeting to mark up S. 209, to Janet L. Norwood, of Maryland, to be tions Competition and Deregulation regulate Federal laws relating to pri­ Commissioner of Labor Statistics. Act. vate sector pension and welfare pro­ 4232 Dirksen Building 235 Russell Building grams. 3:00p.m. Energy and Natural Resources 4232 Dirksen Building Environment and Public Works Business meeting on pending calendar •veterans' Affairs Nuclear Regulation Subcommittee business. To mark up S. 330 to provide for a judi­ To mark up proposed legislation author­ 3110 Dirksen Building cial review of the administrative izing funds for fiscal year 1980 for April 25, 1979 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 8737 programs of the Nuclear Regulatory Joint Economic •commerce, Science, and Transportation Commission. To resume hearings to examine the rate Communications Subcommittee 4200 Dirksen Building of price and wage infiatlon when com­ To assume hearings on S. 611 , proposed MAY 4 bined with stagnant consumer Communications Act Amendments, 9:30a.m. demands and high unemployment. and S. 622, proposed Telecommunica­ Commerce, Science, and Transportation 6226 Dirksen Building tions Competition and Deregulation Science, Technology, and Space Subcom­ 2:00p.m. Act. mittee Appropriations 6226 Dirksen Building To hold oversight hearings on the test­ Transportation Subcommittee MAY 9 Ing provisions of the Toxic Substances To continue hearings on proposed budg­ 8:00a.m. Control Act of 1976. et estimates for fiscal year 1980 for the Appropriations 235 Russell Building Department of Transportation. District of Columbia Subcommittee Environment and Public Works 1224 Dirksen Building To hold hearings on proposed budget To mark up pending calendar business. MAY 8 estimat es for fiscal year 1980 for the 4200 Dirksen Building 8:00a.m. Tempm.ary Commission on Financial Governmental Affairs Appropriations Oversight of the government of the Intergovernmental Relations Subcommit­ District of Columbia Subcommittee District of Columbia. tee To hold hearings on proposed budget 1114 Dirksen Bullding To resume hearings on S. 252, proposed estimates for fiscal year 1980 for 9 :30a.m. Anti-Arson Act. economic development and regulation Environment and Public Works 6202 Dirksen Building services for the government of the To continue markup of pending calendar Judiciary District of Columbia. business. Antitrust, Monopoly and Business Rights 1114 Dirksen Building 4200 Dirksen Building Subcommittee 9:30a.m. Select on Small Business To resume hearings on S . 600, proposed Environment and Public Works To resume markup of proposed legisla­ Small and Independent Business Pro­ To resume markup of pending calendar tion authorizing funds for fiscal year tection Act. business. 1980 for the Small Business Adminis­ 457 Russell Building 4200 Dirksen Building tration. Labor and Human Resources Governmental Affairs 424 Russell Building To hold oversight hearings on the appli­ Energy, Nuclear Proliferation and Federal cability and enforcement of sand­ •Select on Ethics Services Subcommittee To continue hearings on the investiga­ stone and gravel mining operations To resume hearings on the Federal Gov­ under the Federal Mine Safety and tion of Senator Talmadge's alleged ernment's responsibility for radiation abuse of certain financial reporting Health Program protection. 4232 Dirksen Building rules of the Senate. 10:00 a .m. 357 Russell Bullding 6226 Dirksen Building Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Judiciary 10:00 a .m. Rural Housing Subcommittee To resume markup of S. 300, proposed Appropriations To hold hearing on proposed legislation Antitrust Enforcement Act. Interior Subcommittee authorizing funds for fiscal year 1980 2228 Dirksen Building To cont inue hearings on proposed budget for an existing rural housing programs. Select on Ethics estimates for fiscal year 1980 for the 5302 Dirksen Building To continue hearings on the investiga­ Department of Energy. Energy and Natural Resources tion of Senator Talmadge's alleged 1223 Dirksen Building Business meeting on pending calendar abuse of certain financial reporting • Appropriations business. rules of the Senate. Transportation Subcommittee 3110 Dirksen Building 1202 Dirksen Bullding To continue hearings on proposed budget MAY 7 10:00 a.m. estimates for fiscal year 1980 for the 9:30a.m. Appropriatlons Department of Transportation. Finance Interior Subcommittee 1224 Dirksen Building Energy and Foundations Subcommittee To resume hearings on proposed budget Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs To resume oversight hearings on the estimates for fiscal year 1980 for the To continue markup of S. 593, proposed implementation of the energy taxation Department of Energy. Elderly and Handicapped Act, S . 740, policy for tax proposals relating to 1223 Dirksen Building proposed Homeownership Opportu­ energy production. • Appropriations nity Act, and S . 745, Housing and Com­ 2221 Dirksen Building Transportation Subcommittee munity Development Amendments. Select on Ethics To resume hearings on proposed budget 5302 Dirksen Building To resume hearings on the investigation estimates for fiscal year 1980 for the •commerce, Science, and Transportation of Senator Talmadge's alleged abuse of Department of Transportation. Communications Subcommittee certain financial reporting rules of the 1224 Dirksen Building To continue hearings on S. 611, proposed Senate. Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Communications Act Amendments, 1202 Dirksen Building Business meeting to mark up S. 593, pro­ and S. 622, proposed Telecommuni­ 10 :00 a.m. posed Elderly and Handicapped Act, cations Competition and Deregulation Appropriations s. 740, proposed Homeownership Op­ Act. Transportation Subcommittee portunity Act, and S. 745, Housing 235 Russell Building To resume hearings on proposed budget and Community Development Amend­ Energy and Natural Resources estimates for fiscal year 1980 for the ments. Business meeting on pending calendar Department of Transportation. 5302 Dirksen Building business. 1224 Dirksen Building Energy and Natural Resources 3110 Dirksen Building Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Business meeting on pending calendar Finance Business meeting to mark up proposed business. To continue markup of S. 570, to estab­ authorizations for fiscal year 1980 for 3110 Dirksen Building lish a system of stand-by percentage international affairs programs under Finance. limitations on allowable rates of in­ the Department of Treasury and pro­ To resume markup of S. 570, to establish creases in hospital revenues (Hospital posed authorizations through fiscal a system of stand-by percentage lim­ Cost Containment). y~ar 1984 for programs under the Ex­ port Administration Act. itations on allowable rates of increases 2221 Dirksen Building 5302 Dirksen Building in hospital revenues (Hospital Cost Labor and Human Resources Energy and Natural Resources Containment) . Health and Scientific Research Subcom­ Business meeting on pending calendar 2221 Dirksen Bullding mittee business. 2 :00p.m. To hold oversight hearings on the Na­ 3110 Dirksen Building • Appropriations tional Academy of Science report on Special on Aging Transportation Subcommittee saccharin and food policy programs. To hold oversight hearings on the imple­ To continue hearings on proposed budget 4232 Dirksen Building mentation of homecare services for estimates for fiscal year 1980 for the Joint Economic older Americans. Department of Transportation. To resume hearings to examine the rate 1318 Dirksen Building 1224 Dirksen Building of price and wage inflation when com- 8738 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 25, 1979 bined with stagnant consumer de­ MAY 14 To resume hearings on proposed budget mands and high unemployment. 9:30 a.m. estimates for fiscal year 1980 for the 5110 Dirksen Building Energy and Natural Resources !Department of Transportation. 11:00 a.m. To hold hearings on S. 968, to expedite 1224 Dirksen Building • Appropriations processing of applications from Mid­ MAY 18 Transportation Subcommittee western residential, agricultural, and 10:00 a.m. To continue hearings on proposed industrial consumers for crude oil Labor and Human Resources budget estimates for fiscal year 1980 transportation systems. Health and Scientific Research Subcom­ for the Department of Transportation. 3110 Dirksen Building mittee 1224 Dirksen Building Select on Small Business To continue hearings on proposed legis­ 2:00p.m. To resume hearings on the effect of Gov­ llation to investigate drug reform pro­ • Appropriations ernment regulations on the production grams. and utilization of coal. Thansportation Subcommittee 4232 Dirksen Building To continue hearings on proposed budget 6226 Dirksen Building 10:00 a.m. MAY 21 estimates for fiscal year 1980 for the 10:00 a.m. Department of Transportation. Labor and Human Resources 1224 Dirksen Building Health and Scientific Research Subcom­ Commerce, Science, and Transportation mittee Surface Transportation Subcommittee MAY 10 To hold hearings on the roles of women To hold oversight hearings on the tm­ 9 :30a.m . in health and science. IPlementation of the Milwaukee rail­ •Energy and Natural Resources 4232 Dirksen Building road system. To hold hearings on S. 685, proposed Nu­ MAY 15 235 Russell Building clear Waste Polley Act. 2:30p.m. 3110 Dirksen Building 9:30a.m. Select on Small Business Finance Environment and Public Works To continue hearings on the effect of Health Subcommittee To continue markup of pending calendar Government regulations on the pro­ To hold hearings on the provisions of business. duction and utillzation of coal. home health benefits under the 4200 Dirksen Building 4232 Dirksen Building Medicare and Medicaid programs. Select on Ethics 10:00 a.m. 2221 Dirksen Building To continue hearings on the investiga­ Banking, Housing, and Urban A1fairs MAY 22 tion of Senator Talmadge's alleged To hold joint hearings with the Com­ 9:30a.m. abuse of certain financial reporting mittee on Governmental A1fairs on s. •Energy and Natural Resources rules of the Senate. 332, proposed Consolidated Banking To resume hearings on S. 685, proposed 1202 Dirksen Building Regulation Act. Nuclear Waste Polley Act. 10:00 a.m. 5302 Dirksen Building 3110 Dirksen Building Appropriations Governmental A1fairs 10:00 a.m. Interior Subcommittee To hold joint hearings with the Com­ Commerce, Science, and Transportation To continue hearings on proposed budget mittee on Banking, Housing, and Ur­ Surface Transportation Subcommittee estimates for fiscal year 1980 for the ban Affairs on S. 332, proposed Con­ To resume hearings on S. 796, proposed Department of Energy. solidated Banking Regulation Act. Railroad Deregulation Act. 1223 Dirksen Building 5302 Dirksen Building 235 Russell Building Appropriations MAY 16 Select on Small Business Tra.nsporta tion Subcommittee To hold hearings on the availabillty of To resume hearings on proposed budget 10:00 a.m. investment capital to small businesses. estimates for fiscal year 1980 for the Energy and Natural Resources 424 Russell Building Department of Transportation. Business meeting on pending calendar 1224 Dirksen Building business. MAY23 3110 Dirksen Building 8:00 a.llll. Banking, Housing, and Urban A1fairs Labor and Human Resources •veterans' A1fairs Business meeting, to mark up proposed Health and Scientific Research Subcom­ To hold oversight hearings on employ­ authorizations for fiscal year 1980 for mittee ment programs administered by the rural housing programs, fiood insur­ To resume hearings on the roles of wo­ Department of Labor. ance programs, and crime and riot 6226 Dirksen Building men in health and science. insurance programs. 9:30a.m. 5302 Dirksen Building 4232 Dirksen Bullding 11:00a.m. Energy and Natural Resources Finance Select on Small Business To hold hearings on S. 885, proposed Pa­ To continue markup of S. 570, to estab­ To hold hearings on the nomination of cific Northwest Electric Power Plan­ lish a system of stand-by percentage Paul R. Boucher, to be Inspector Gen­ ning and Conservation Act. limitations on allowable rates of in­ 3110 Dirksen Building eral, Small Business Administration. creases in hospital revenues (Hospital 10:00 a.m. 424 Russell Buildin~ Cost Containment). Banking, Housing, and Urban A1fairs 2221 Dirksen Building 2:00p.m. To hold oversight hearings on the activi­ 2:00p.m. Select on Ethics ties of the banking system. •commerce, Science, and Transportation To resume hearings on the investigation 5302 Dirksen Building Communications Subcommittee of Senator Talmadge's alleged abuse Commerce, Science, and Transportation To continue hearings on S. 611, proposed of certain financial reporting rules of Surface Transportation Subcommittee Communications Act Amendments, the Senate. To continue hearings on S. 796, pro­ and S. 622, proposed Telecommunica­ 6226 Dirksen Buildin:; posed Railroad Deregulation Act. tions Competition and Deregulation MAY 17 235 Russell Building Act. 10:00 a.m. 6226 Dirksen Building Labor and Human Resources Appropriations Health and Scientific Research Subcom­ MAY 11 Transportation Subcommittee mittee 10:00 a.m. To resume hearings on proposed budget To hold oversight hearings on the imple­ Banking, Housing, and Urban A1fairs estimates for fiscal year 1980 for the mentation of mental health policy Business meeting, to mark up pending Department of Transportation. 1224 Dirksen Building programs. calendar business. 4232 Dirksen Building 5302 Dirksen Building Energy and Natural Resources Business meeting on pending calendar MAY24 •commerce, Science, and Transportation 9:30a.m. Communications Subcommittee !business. 3110 Dirksen Building Energy and Natural Resources To continue hearings on S. 611, proposed To continue hearings on S. 885, proposed Communications Act Amendments, Labor and Human Resources and S. 622, proposed Telecommunica­ Health and Scientific Research Subcom­ Pacific Northwest Electric Power Plan­ tions Competition and Deregulation mittee ing and Conservation Act. Act. To hold hearings on proposed legislation 3110 Dirksen Building 235 Russell Building to investigate drug reform programs. 10:00 a.m. Energy and Natural Resources 4232 Dirksen Building Banking, Housing, and Urban A1fairs Business meeting on pending calendar 2:00a.m. To hold hearings on S. 35, to amend the business. Appropriations Credit Control Act. 3110 Dirksen Bullding Transportation Subcommittee 5302 Dirksen Building April 26, 1979 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 8739 Labor and Human Resources JUNE 7 JUNE 21 Health and Scientific Research Subcom­ 10:00 a .m . 10:00 a .m. mittee Commerce, Science, and Transportation Energy and Natural Resources To continue oversight hearings on the Surface Transportation Subcommittee To resume oversight hearings on the ac­ implementation of mental health To continue hearings on S. 796, proposed tivities of programs administered by pollcy programs. Railroad Deregulation Act. the Surface Mining Control and Rec­ 4232 Dirksen Building 235 Russell Building lamation Act of 1977. MAY 25 JUNE 12 3110 _Dirksen Building 10 :00 a .m. 9:00a.m. JULY 12 Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs • veterans' Affairs 9:30a.m. To continue hearings on S. 35, to amend To hold hearings on S. 689, proposed • veterans' Affairs Veterans' Disability Compensation and To hold oversight hearings on the efforts the Credit Control Act. made by t he Veterans' Administration 5302 Dirksen Building Survivor Benefits Act. 6226 Dirksen Building to provide information on benefits due JUNE 6 incarcerated -veterans. 9:30a.m. JUNE 19 10:00 a .m. 6226 Dirksen Building Veterans' Affairs Energy and Natural Resources CANCELLATIONS To hold hearings on S. 870, proposed To hold oversight hearings on the activi­ APRU. 27 GI Bill Amendments Act, S. 830, to ties of programs administered by the 10:00 a.m. ellminate the State's required payment Surface Milling Control and Reclama­ Appropriations in the educational assistance allow­ tion Act of 1977. Transportation Subcommittee ance program provided for veterans, 3110 Dirksen Building To continue hearings on proposed budg­ and S. 881, to provide for the protec­ JUNE 20 et estimates for fiscal year 1980 for tion of certain officers and employees 9:00 a.m. the Department of Transportation. of the VA assigned to perform inves­ • veterans' Affairs 1224 Dirksen Building tigative or law enforcement functions. To hold hearings on S. 759, to provide for MAY 1 6226 Dirksen Building right of the United States to recover 9:30 a.m. 10:00 a.m. the costs of hospital, nursing home or Labor and Human Resources Commerce, Science, and Transportation outpatient medical care furnished by Child and Human Development Subcom­ the Veterans' Administration to vet­ Surface Transportation Subcommittee mittee erans for non-service-connected dis­ To hold oversight hearings on the im­ To resume hearings on S. 796, proposed abilities to the extent that they have plementation of the Older American Railroad Deregulation Act. health insurance or similar contracts. Volunteer Program Act (P .L. 93-113) . 235 Russell Building 6226 Dirksen Building 4232 Dirksen Building

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES-Thursday, April 26, 1979 The House met at 11 a.m. REV. ROBERT M. BOCK Mr. DANIELSON. I am happy to yield Rev. Robert M. Bock, senior pastor,

D This symbol represents the time of day during the House Proceedings, ·e.g., D 1407 is 2:07p.m. • This "bullet" symbol identifies statements or insertions which are not spoken by the Member on the floor.