Book RETHINK

Proportion & Urbanism & Environment EDITORS Professor António Castelbranco Professor Oksana Turchanina This project has been funded with support from the European Comission. This publication reflects the views only of the author, and the Comission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein. TABLE OF CONTENTS PROPORTION & URBANISM & ENVIRONMENT PART 1 076 CHAPTER 3: URBAN SEISMIC RISK REDUCTION AND ITS MANAGEMENT IN HISTORICAL CITY CENTER RETHINK- A NEW TRANSDISCIPLINARY INTELLECTUAL FRAMEWORK - MOVING TOWARDS SUSTAINABILITY • Introduction 3.1 The process of studying the building stock seismic risk based on the functional properties of buildings CHAPTER 1: SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, AN INTELLECTUAL FRAMEWORK 007 Authors: Prof. Antonio Castelbranco & Prof. Oksana Turchanina 080 CHAPTER 4: RECONSTRUCTION AS A TOOL OF SEISMIC RISK • Introduction Redution reconstruction as a tool of seismic risk mitigation • Conclusion 1.1 Carbon dioxide (CO2) and interdependence in the biosphere - the rules of the system 1.2 Consequences of perceived environmental impacts - Conferences on the environment 1.3 Environmental oriented experiences in planning and architecture • Conclusion PART 3 THE ISSUES OF URBAN ECONOMICS CHAPTER 2: EVALUATION OF THE EMISSION AND ABSORPTION OF CO2 IN DBNA 016 Authors: Nino Pailodze, Zviad Archuadze, Giorgi Sulashvili, Malkhaz Sulashvili, Salome Kipiani, Iasha Murvanidze, Jana Gabaraevi Authors: Prof. Antonio Castelbranco & Prof. Oksana Turchanina • Introduction 085 CHAPTER 1: THE ANALYSIS OF URBAN IMPORT-EXPORT OPERATIONS 2.1 A brief overview on the theme of urban and territorial sustainability • Introduction 1.1 General overview of the problem 2.2 Evaluation of the emission and absorption of CO2 in DBNA 2.3 Calculation Methods of CO emissions 1.2 Development of economic activities 2 • Conclusion 2.4 CO2 emissions in DBNA 2.4.1 Forest fires 2.4.2 Value of CO2 emissions from human breath 2.4.3 CO2 emissions caused by human activity in DBNA PART 4 2.4.4 Accounting of CO emissions caused by the use of internal combustion vehicles SOCIALIST DISTRICTS EXPOSED. SOCIOCULTURALURBAN ISSUES 2 Authors: N. Lekveishvili & A. Andghuladze 2.4.5 Accounting for emissions of CO2 by use of liquid gas 093 CHAPTER 1: THE INICIATIVE GROUPS AND PHASED ACTIVITIES AS A TRIGGER OF TRANSFORMATION AND REVIVAL. CHAPTER 3: CO2 ABSORPTION IN DBNA 042 Authors: Prof. Antonio Castelbranco & Prof. Oksana Turchanina A CASE STUDY OF GLDANI (TBILISI). THE FORMATION OF TIMEBANK COMMUNITY • Introduction • Introduction 3.1 CO absorption by forests and agricultural areas 1.1 Historical layout of housing in Georgia in the 20th century 2 1.2 Urban layering of Tbilisi, a capital of Georgia 3.2 Absorption of CO2 by water area in DBNA 3.3 Analysis of the results of the emission and absorption in DBNA 1.3 “Gldani”– An experimental district 1.4 Problem Statement CHAPTER 4: CALCULATION METHODS OF ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT 050 1.5 Case study Authors: Prof. Antonio Castelbranco & Prof. Oksana Turchanina 1.5.1. Creative class – Gentrification • Introduction 1.5.2. Development 4.1 The ecological footprint in Biosphere 2 1.5.3. Time banking community 4.2 The ecological footprint in Canada 1.6 Interviews with the social movements of Georgia 4.3 The ecological footprint in the Netherlands 1.7 Philosophy of form. Plato’s interpretation of the one and the whole 4.4 Ecological footprint in DBNA • Conclusion 4.5 Ecological footprint in comparative terms • Conclusion PART 5 URBAN DESIGN PART 2 Authors: Nino Khabeishvili, Mariam Khabeishvili PROTECTION OF URBAN SETTLEMENTS LOCATED IN THE SEISMIC PRONE AREAS BY THE METHODS OF URBAN PLANNING Authors: Nino Chachava, Zurab Kiknadze, Vladislav Zaalishvili, Sergo Gogmachadze, Nino Tsereteli, 111 CHAPTER 1: URBAN DESIGN Nikoloz Arevadze, Malkhaz Lekveishvili, Tamar Khoshtaria, Igor Timchenko 1.1 Social mood indicator – Modern graffiti • Conclusion CHAPTER 1: OVERVIEW OF THE IMPACT OF URBAN SETTLEMENTS BY THE NATURAL DISASTERS. 061 THE ISSUES OF SEISMIC VULNERABILITY AND RISK ASSESSMENT THROUGHOUT THE URBAN TERRITORY • Introduction PART 6 1.1 Scientific Background in seismic hazard and seismic risk assessment GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS (GIS) IN URBANISM 1.2 Tectonics and Seismicity of Tbilisi Author: ZurabLaoshvili 1.3 Creation elements of risk inventory databases in GIS system 1.4 Local mapping of soil classes 115 CHAPTER 1: CONCEPT OF GIS GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM 1.5 Seismic hazard probabilistic assessment • Introduction 1.6 Urban Seismic Rısk Study and its methodological basis 1.1 Classification of GIS • Conclusion 1.2 GIS subsystems CHAPTER 2: THE WAYS OF URBAN SEISMIC RISK REDUCTION. SEISMIC RISK STUDY 072 124 CHAPTER 2: GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN GEORGIA FOR TBILISI CITY AND ITS HISTORICAL CENTER 2.1 GIS development 2.1 The ways of Urban Seismic Risk Reduction. Seismic Risk Study for Tbilisi City and its historical Center. Conclusions • Conclusion 138 CONCLUSIONS 4 5 CHAPTER 1 PROPORTION & URBANISM & ENVIRONMENT Sustainable Development, an Intellectual Framework Professor António Castelbranco & Professor Oksana Turchanina Lisbon School of Architecture - FAUL, Portugal [email protected] [email protected]. PART 1 Synthesis of Part 1 Introduction The idea of saving mankind is a recurring theme in the history of In order to deal with the new complexities, both in architecture, civilization, the prophets of doom invariably based their theories on this and the planning of urban settlements and their drainage basins, it assumption. However, the work presented here is not so much about the is necessary to create a more inclusive intellectual framework and idea of the salvation of the humanity as such, but in the reinterpretation RETHINK methodology than what is available now, which only conveys of our relationship with the environment that sustains us. At the traditional reductionist approach to problems. Herein, we review beginning of this new millennium, humanity is, in environmental terms, some of the history and influences that have produced our current A New Transdisciplinary facing unprecedented challenges. The pressures on the biosphere and view of the world, or paradigm. on its ecosystems are at the root of the environmental crisis which is becoming undeniably evident with time. Intellectual Framework “When I was born, the expressions and phrases which are to save humanity had already been written, one thing was missing: - to Indeed, “in 1950 the world population was about three billion; save humanity”.1 after only fifty years the number has more than doubled. It was predicted and it is true that in 2008, 50% of the world’s population Almada Negreiros Moving Towards will live in cities”3. The population flow to the cities has further increased the pressure on the environment to the extent that in “The causes of the collapse of Rome, were studied thoroughly, the cities, energy consumption is more pronounced. The resulting Sustainability and one of the lessons that can be assimilated is that everything wastes and residues of these population concentrations now have is connected to everything else, not only in its consequences, but large proportions. The result of the detachment of the urban population also in its causes”.2 from the countryside and nature is the lack of understanding and the perception of the complexity of the cause/effect underlying Jane Jacobs environmental problems. “You never change things by fighting the existing reality. To Therefore, it is the responsibility of planners and architects to design, change something, build a new model that makes the existing build and implement the new or renewed urban areas in order to model obsolete”. install and house these human flows. However, these projects will need to be executed/built according to a new holistic intellectual Buckminster Fuller framework, which will insure their sustainability. 7 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, AN INTELLECTUAL FRAMEWORK PROPORTION & URBANISM & ENVIRONMENT In this sense, the concept of sustainability and its understanding Underlying the idea of sustainability - in the context of this book - is that David Keeling, a young American researcher at the Scripps one of the most compelling evidence of climate change that have should be clearly defined. the concept of holism (a word that comes from the Greek word Holos, Institution of Oceanography in California, set up a permanent carbon occurred in a short time. meaning “all, whole, entire”). In fact, this book intends to follow the dioxide monitoring system, during the International Geophysical In general, the term sustainability refers to the ability of an ecosystem concept of holism not only in its organizational scheme but also in Year, thirty years later, that same unit, on top of Mount Mauna James Lovelock, wrote: “us being, the only organized form of intelligence, of a corporation/firm or of any other system, to remain in operation the matters addressed here. Loa in Hawaii, is still one of the most important sources of data we have the duty, if not the right, to take care of the Earth and for an indefinite period, without going into decay because of the for research on the greenhouse effect”8. to govern responsibly? But how can we manage if we do not know exhaustion of its resources. Holism is the theory that states that the properties of a system, what it is? We must first ask: what is the earth? It may seem a trivial whether it is an ecosystem of humans or other organisms cannot be In 1972, the Club of Rome announced in its book, the Limits to matter - everyone knows what the Earth is - but unfortunately For Phil Hawes, “the term sustainability should be understood as the seen, analyzed and explained solely by the sum of its components, i.e., Growth, that concentrations of CO2 in the atmosphere will double. this does not seem to be a common perspective. It is by seeing ability of a given culture to continue support the activities to which in any complex system the whole is greater than the sum of its parts.

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