DOCSLIB.ORG

Future of Radio the Next Phase

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Future of Radio the Next Phase The Future of Radio The next phase Statement and further consultation Publication date: 22 November 2007 Closing date for responses: 21 December 2007 The Future of Radio: The Next Phase Contents Section Page Foreword 3 1 Executive summary 5 2 Introduction 12 3 Commercial radio content regulation 20 4 Commercial radio ownership rules 49 5 Achieving flexibility in licensing and the use of spectrum 67 6 Community radio 78 Annex Page 1 Responding to this consultation 100 2 Ofcom’s consultation principles 102 3 Consultation response cover sheet 103 4 Consultation questions 105 5 Impact assessment 108 6 Localness research 124 7 Consultation responses 125 2 The Future of Radio: The Next Phase Foreword Over the last three years radio has occupied two parallel universes. One universe consists of the experience of millions of listeners for whom things have seldom been better. In terms of choice, listeners not only have more than 300 FM and AM commercial radio stations, a diverse suite of services from the BBC and a range of new community services. Many can also access at least 25 radio services through digital terrestrial television and satellite users can choose from over 90 stations. Through DAB, listeners in the majority of UK cities have access to over 35 digital stations. You can pause and rewind live radio programmes; you can discover more information about radio programmes through text and data services. UK broadband subscribers, now over 50% of the population, also have access to thousands of stations across the world. The BBC’s i- Player and the RadioCentrePlayer position radio at the centre of on-demand developments in the media sector. And the quality of programming is strong too, as radio continues to fulfil important public purposes, illustrated by radio’s importance to communities caught up in floods across the UK this summer. So from the listener’s perspective, the picture is bright in terms of choice, range, quality of programming and innovation, right across the UK. But there is another universe. This is the one occupied by those directly involved in running commercial radio stations, where financial pressures have been making it harder to provide those things that the audience expects. Commercial radio revenues have been declining for several years. While there are some signs of recovery in recent months, the decline in revenues may partly be structural as advertisers move to new media. Competition from the wide choice of stations on digital platforms and from the calls other media place on listeners’ time is fragmenting audiences. These two factors together could mean that the business models of many local commercial radio stations, particularly the smaller ones, cease to be viable. At the same time, the partial migration of radio to digital has increased transmission costs, generating a debate about whether, like television, we should set a date for radio to abandon analogue broadcasting. These are serious issues and that is why, in April this year, Ofcom published a consultation entitled The Future of Radio. We recognised the need to try to pull the disparate strands of the radio debate together into an over-arching narrative; but we also recognised the risk of over-simplifying a set of issues which do not easily lend themselves to crisp, over-arching solutions. Ofcom’s basic stance, however, is very clear. Our job is to interpret and apply the detailed statutory framework which Parliament has created for radio, much of it only four years old, and to advise Government where we see a case for adjustment. It is, of course, up to Government and Parliament whether and when to change this legal framework again. The current framework is designed to ensure that commercial radio in the UK serves diverse tastes and interests; that it meets the needs of local audiences and that it is protected by ownership rules from the kind of excessive concentration which would jeopardise the plurality of voice which audiences value highly. In the 2003 Communications Act, Ofcom was also given the responsibility to expand the scope of radio. We have done this by licensing a 3 The Future of Radio: The Next Phase network of community radio stations across the UK – 149 so far. We have also licensed a second national DAB radio multiplex, which was awarded to 4 Digital Group, led by Channel 4 in July this year, and further local DAB multiplexes. For this statutory framework to be successful, however, commercial radio also needs to thrive as a business. So, in thinking about the application of the legal framework, and its possible modification, Ofcom must balance the goals set by Parliament, and the passions of listeners, against the changing commercial circumstances of the industry. When we propose change, it must be change which makes sense from a commercial perspective, as well as from the listener’s perspective. Achieving this balance requires Ofcom to make judgments about the likely further development of digital radio. In The Future of Radio consultation document we argued that while it is not yet time to consider establishing a date for a switch-off of analogue radio, we need to think about providing the flexibility for such an outcome. This remains a subject of the utmost importance, but it is also one which requires the direct involvement of Government, as well as Ofcom, broadcasters, manufacturers, consumers and other stakeholders. So we are delighted that James Purnell, Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport, has recently announced the formation of a new Digital Radio Working Group, to carry forward this discussion. Ofcom will play a leading role in the group’s work, which we expect to be the focus for further work on the conditions which would need to be achieved before digital platforms could become the predominant means of delivering radio. There are, however, some specific issues which need not await resolution of the big digital question, and it is on these that this document focuses. Some of these changes are substantial, others more detailed. All go in the direction of reducing regulation – some will say too fast, others not fast enough. But it is our view that this is the pace justified by the evidence, and by our overriding responsibility to listeners. The digital debate has been brought forward and is about to begin - now is not the time to tear up the analogue rulebook. The immediate issues we tackle here fall under four headings: commercial radio content regulation; commercial radio ownership rules, other radio spectrum issues and rules specifically applying to community radio. The tensions between the parallel world perceptions of UK radio mean that there will continue to be a vigorous debate about the issues addressed in this document. Ofcom is confident that radio will remain a highly valued part of the UK communications spectrum and we remain committed to playing our part in shaping this important industry’s future. Ed Richards David Currie Chief Executive Chairman 4 The Future of Radio: The Next Phase Section 1 1 Executive summary 1.1 In April this year Ofcom published its consultation on The Future of Radio. This consultation was based on our understanding of the challenges faced by commercial radio, which has seen competition increasing both from digital radio and from other media and what we believe may be a structural shift in the advertising market in favour of new media to the detriment of traditional radio. 1.2 We recognised that the way analogue commercial radio is regulated may need to change in the light of this changing competitive situation and so we considered the content and ownership regulation of commercial radio. The review of the ownership rules is a statutory review required by the Secretary of State. 1.3 We also considered how, if radio is to become primarily a digitally-delivered medium, we could achieve the flexibility to free up analogue radio spectrum when the time is right. 1.4 Finally we considered the rules around the newly emerging community radio sector, in response to a request from the Secretary of State for a review two years after the first station launch. 1.5 This Executive Summary captures the main proposals set out in this document, along with a brief account of the context for each decision. 1.6 Our thinking is based on our long-term aims to see a radio market which delivers a wide range of innovative UK-wide commercial stations providing plurality of provision in all major genres, a wide range and diversity of local and regional commercial services catering for local tastes and interests and a community service for every community that wants one and where suitable frequencies are available. We want to see these provided alongside a strong, independent BBC and all supported by multimedia services where viable: on-demand, downloads, archive, text and graphical information and available where and when audiences want, on devices which offer real consumer benefits. 1.7 In pursuing these aims, Ofcom will apply the statutory framework for radio regulation established by Parliament, whilst recognising that this can only be satisfactorily delivered if there is a thriving radio industry. 1.8 In recent months, we have made further progress towards our aims, by licensing a second national DAB digital radio multiplex to 4 Digital Group, led by Channel 4, which will offer a wide range of national services to complement those already offered by Digital One and the BBC, and a number of additional local DAB multiplexes. We have also licensed over 140 community radio stations in the past three years. 1.9 This report focuses on each of the areas we consulted on in April 2007.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • REGISTER of MEMBERS' INTERESTS NOTICE of REGISTRABLE INTERESTS Councillor Wendy Agnew Ward 18
    REGISTER OF MEMBERS’ INTERESTS NOTICE OF REGISTRABLE INTERESTS Councillor Wendy Agnew Ward 18 – Stonehaven and Lower Deeside 1. Remuneration 2. Related Undertakings N/A 3. Contracts with the Authority N/A 4. Election Expenses None 5. Houses, Land and Buildings Residence – land and building at Upper Craighill, Arbuthnot, Laurencekirk, AB30 1LS, owner and occupier 6. Interest in Shares and Securities N/A 7. Non-Financial Interests Manager of Agnew Insurance Appointed trustee of Stonehaven Recreation Ground (deleted 05/09/14) 8. Gifts and Hospitality None REGISTER OF MEMBERS’ INTERESTS NOTICE OF REGISTRABLE INTERESTS Councillor David Aitchison Ward 13 – Westhill and District 1. Remuneration Employee of Valuation Office Agency. I hold the post of Valuation Executive. 2. Related Undertakings None 3. Contracts with the Authority None 4. Election Expenses Election expenses of £272 paid by the Scottish National Party 5. Houses, Land and Buildings Joint Owner (mortgaged) of 2 Fare Park Circle, Westhill, Aberdeenshire, AB32 6WJ 6. Interest in Shares and Securities None 7. Non-Financial Interests None 8. Gifts and Hospitality None REGISTER OF MEMBERS’ INTERESTS NOTICE OF REGISTRABLE INTERESTS Councillor Amanda Allan Ward 13 – Westhill and District 1. Remuneration Costco Wholesale, Endeavour Drive, Westhill, AB32 6UF - Service Clerk 2. Related Undertakings None 3. Contracts with the Authority None 4. Election Expenses £60 from SNP Council Group 5. Houses, Land and Buildings Shared ownership of Waulkmill Croft, Sauchen, Inverurie, AB51 7QR (no interest as of January 2015 - deleted 15/05/15) 6. Interest in Shares and Securities None 7. Non-Financial Interests Appointed as Garioch Area Committee representative on Garioch and North Marr Community Safety Group in 2012 (added 15/05/15) 8.
    [Show full text]
  • Aid to Channel 4 Linked to Digital Switchover Invitation to Submit Comments Pursuant to Article 88(2) of the EC Treaty
    C 137/16EN Official Journal of the European Union 4.6.2008 STATE AID — UNITED KINGDOM State aid C 13/08 (ex N 589/07) — Aid to Channel 4 linked to digital switchover Invitation to submit comments pursuant to Article 88(2) of the EC Treaty (Text with EEA relevance) (2008/C 137/10) By means of the letter dated 2 April 2008 reproduced in the authentic language on the pages following this summary, the Commission notified the United Kingdom of its decision to initiate the procedure laid down in Article 88(2) of the EC Treaty concerning the proposed financial support to Channel 4 to enable it to meet the costs of digital switchover. Interested parties may submit their comments on the measure in respect of which the Commission is initi- ating the procedure within one month of the date of publication of this summary and the following letter, to: European Commission Directorate-General for Competition State Aid Registry SPA 3 6/5 B-1049 Brussels Fax (32-2) 296 12 42 These comments will be communicated to the United Kingdom. Confidential treatment of the identity of the interested party submitting the comments may be requested in writing, stating the reasons for the request. TEXT OF SUMMARY The UK authorities accept that the notified measure constitutes an aid within the meaning of Article 87(1) of the Treaty. They argue however that the measure is compatible with the Treaty by virtue of Article 86(2), having regard to the Commission's 1 PROCEDURE Communication ( ) on the application of the State aid rules in relation to public service broadcasting (‘the Communication’) and the three particular criteria according to which the compati- The measures on which the Commission has opened the proce- bility of aid of this nature falls to be judged, namely, definition, dure laid down in Article 88(2) was brought to the Commis- entrustment and proportionality.
    [Show full text]
  • Newsletter Kellandsschool
    NNeewwsslleetttteerr KKeellllaannddss SScchhooooll 22nd December 2017 Issue No.16 “Then the Grinch thought of something he hadn't before! What if Christmas, he thought, doesn't come from a store. What if Christmas...perhaps...means a little bit more!” ― Dr. Seuss , How the Grinch Stole Christmas! “My idea of Christmas, whether old-fashioned or modern, is very simple: loving others. Come to think of it, why do we have to wait for Christmas to do that?” ― Bob Hope Staffing update Term 3 Mr J Cole-Hamilton will be taking over in P7 on completing his notice. Miss E Owens will be starting in P4/5 in January. Mrs Valerie Napier will be teaching in the Language unit for maternity cover. Mrs Henderson will be continuing in P1 till Miss Glennie is back to work. Mrs Brand will be taking over the one day a week in P4C. Mr McGinlay will be doing one day a week in P7P as Mrs Parson is now working 4 days a week. On behalf of everyone at Kellands School we wish all our ‘Kellands Family’ a Very Merry Christmas and a safe and peaceful New Year. Thank you for all your support and Help. Food Bank We have been blown away again by the generosity of you all with your donations for the Food bank. The staff feel so appreciated by this gesture and I know the foodbank couldn’t believe the amount you had donated. This will make such a difference to families at this time of year. Thank you from all the staff at Kellands.
    [Show full text]
  • The BBC's Use of Spectrum
    The BBC’s Efficient and Effective use of Spectrum Review by Deloitte & Touche LLP commissioned by the BBC Trust’s Finance and Strategy Committee BBC’s Trust Response to the Deloitte & Touche LLPValue for Money study It is the responsibility of the BBC Trust,under the As the report acknowledges the BBC’s focus since Royal Charter,to ensure that Value for Money is the launch of Freeview on maximising the reach achieved by the BBC through its spending of the of the service, the robustness of the signal and licence fee. the picture quality has supported the development In order to fulfil this responsibility,the Trust and success of the digital terrestrial television commissions and publishes a series of independent (DTT) platform. Freeview is now established as the Value for Money reviews each year after discussing most popular digital TV platform. its programme with the Comptroller and Auditor This has led to increased demand for capacity General – the head of the National Audit Office as the BBC and other broadcasters develop (NAO).The reviews are undertaken by the NAO aspirations for new services such as high definition or other external agencies. television. Since capacity on the platform is finite, This study,commissioned by the Trust’s Finance the opportunity costs of spectrum use are high. and Strategy Committee on behalf of the Trust and The BBC must now change its focus from building undertaken by Deloitte & Touche LLP (“Deloitte”), the DTT platform to ensuring that it uses its looks at how efficiently and effectively the BBC spectrum capacity as efficiently as possible and uses the spectrum available to it, and provides provides maximum Value for Money to licence insight into the future challenges and opportunities payers.The BBC Executive affirms this position facing the BBC in the use of the spectrum.
    [Show full text]
  • 1. Station Name Guidance Notes 2. Community to Be Served Guidance Notes Nomad Radio Will Provide a Radio Community Service for T
    Community radio application form 1. Station Name Guidance Notes What is the proposed station name? This is the name you expect to use to identify the station on air. Nomad Radio, the voice of the horn 2. Community to be served Guidance Notes Define the community or communities you are proposing to It is a legislative requirement that a service is serve. Drawing from various sources of data (e.g. from the intended primarily to serve one or more Office of Population, Census and Survey) and in relation to communities (whether or not it also serves other your proposed coverage area, please determine the size of members of the public) and we need to the population concerned and the make-up of the population understand who comprises that community or as a whole, along with any relevant socio-economic communities. The target community will also be information that would support your application. specified in the licence, if this application is (Please tell us the sources of the information you provide.) successful. Answer in fewer than 300 words: The legislation defines a ‘community’ as: people who live or work or undergo education or training in a particular area or locality, or people who have one or more interests or characteristics in common. Nomad Radio will provide a radio community service for the Somali community in Hammersmith and Fulham borough and surrounding areas. The word ‘Nomad’ resonates with most Somalis across the world, as it was once a way of life. Nomad Radio initially started as an online radio and attracted over 40,000 listeners in its 3 years of operations between 2009-2012.
    [Show full text]
  • Pocketbook for You, in Any Print Style: Including Updated and Filtered Data, However You Want It
    Hello Since 1994, Media UK - www.mediauk.com - has contained a full media directory. We now contain media news from over 50 sources, RAJAR and playlist information, the industry's widest selection of radio jobs, and much more - and it's all free. From our directory, we're proud to be able to produce a new edition of the Radio Pocket Book. We've based this on the Radio Authority version that was available when we launched 17 years ago. We hope you find it useful. Enjoy this return of an old favourite: and set mediauk.com on your browser favourites list. James Cridland Managing Director Media UK First published in Great Britain in September 2011 Copyright © 1994-2011 Not At All Bad Ltd. All Rights Reserved. mediauk.com/terms This edition produced October 18, 2011 Set in Book Antiqua Printed on dead trees Published by Not At All Bad Ltd (t/a Media UK) Registered in England, No 6312072 Registered Office (not for correspondence): 96a Curtain Road, London EC2A 3AA 020 7100 1811 [email protected] @mediauk www.mediauk.com Foreword In 1975, when I was 13, I wrote to the IBA to ask for a copy of their latest publication grandly titled Transmitting stations: a Pocket Guide. The year before I had listened with excitement to the launch of our local commercial station, Liverpool's Radio City, and wanted to find out what other stations I might be able to pick up. In those days the Guide covered TV as well as radio, which could only manage to fill two pages – but then there were only 19 “ILR” stations.
    [Show full text]
  • Media Nations: UK 2019
    Media nations: UK 2019 Published 7 August 2019 Overview This is Ofcom’s second annual Media Nations report. It reviews key trends in the television and online video sectors as well as the radio and other audio sectors. Accompanying this narrative report is an interactive report which includes an extensive range of data. There are also separate reports for Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales. The Media Nations report is a reference publication for industry, policy makers, academics and consumers. This year’s publication is particularly important as it provides evidence to inform discussions around the future of public service broadcasting, supporting the nationwide forum which Ofcom launched in July 2019: Small Screen: Big Debate. We publish this report to support our regulatory goal to research markets and to remain at the forefront of technological understanding. It addresses the requirement to undertake and make public our consumer research (as set out in Sections 14 and 15 of the Communications Act 2003). It also meets the requirements on Ofcom under Section 358 of the Communications Act 2003 to publish an annual factual and statistical report on the TV and radio sector. This year we have structured the findings into four chapters. • The total video chapter looks at trends across all types of video including traditional broadcast TV, video-on-demand services and online video. • In the second chapter, we take a deeper look at public service broadcasting and some wider aspects of broadcast TV. • The third chapter is about online video. This is where we examine in greater depth subscription video on demand and YouTube.
    [Show full text]
  • United Kingdom Distribution Points
    United Kingdom Distribution to national, regional and trade media, including national and regional newspapers, radio and television stations, through proprietary and news agency network of The Press Association (PA). In addition, the circuit features the following complimentary added-value services: . Posting to online services and portals with a complimentary ReleaseWatch report. Coverage on PR Newswire for Journalists, PR Newswire's media-only website and custom push email service reaching over 100,000 registered journalists from 140 countries and in 17 different languages. Distribution of listed company news to financial professionals around the world via Thomson Reuters, Bloomberg and proprietary networks. Releases are translated and distributed in English via PA. 3,298 Points Country Media Point Media Type United Adones Blogger Kingdom United Airlines Angel Blogger Kingdom United Alien Prequel News Blog Blogger Kingdom United Beauty & Fashion World Blogger Kingdom United BellaBacchante Blogger Kingdom United Blog Me Beautiful Blogger Kingdom United BrandFixion Blogger Kingdom United Car Design News Blogger Kingdom United Corp Websites Blogger Kingdom United Create MILK Blogger Kingdom United Diamond Lounge Blogger Kingdom United Drink Brands.com Blogger Kingdom United English News Blogger Kingdom United ExchangeWire.com Blogger Kingdom United Finacial Times Blogger Kingdom United gabrielleteare.com/blog Blogger Kingdom United girlsngadgets.com Blogger Kingdom United Gizable Blogger Kingdom United http://clashcityrocker.blogg.no Blogger
    [Show full text]
  • Paisley FM Community Radio Licence Application Form
    Paisley FM community radio licence application form 1. Station Name Guidance Notes What is the proposed station name? This is the name you expect to use to identify the station on air. Paisley FM ‘Radio for Renfrewshire’ 2. Community to be served Guidance Notes Define the community or communities you are It is a legislative requirement that a service is intended proposing to serve. Drawing from various sources of primarily to serve one or more communities (whether or data (e.g. from the Office of Population, Census and not it also serves other members of the public) and we Survey) and in relation to your proposed coverage need to understand who comprises that community or area, please determine the size of the population communities. The target community will also be concerned and the make-up of the population as a specified in the licence, if this application is successful. whole, along with any relevant socio-economic The legislation defines a ‘community’ as: people who live information that would support your application. or work or undergo education or training in a particular (Please tell us the sources of the information you area or locality, or people who have one or more provide.) interests or characteristics in common. Answer in fewer than 300 words: Paisley FM intends to serve the communities as published in the invitation to apply, namely: Paisley, Renfrew and Johnstone and surroundings parts of Renfrewshire. It is the intention to serve the entire population of the Renfrewshire Council local government authority area. The 2015 population for Renfrewshire is 174,560 with the main town being Paisley with a total population of 74,640.
    [Show full text]
  • ORIGINAL 106 (Aberdeen) Request to Change Format
    ORIGINAL 106 (Aberdeen) Request to change Format Consultation Publication date: 23 September 2011 Closing date for responses: 21 October 2011 Request to change Format – ORIGINAL 106 (Aberdeen) Contents Section Page 1 Executive summary 2 2 Details and background information 3 Annex Page 1 Responding to this consultation 5 2 Ofcom’s consultation principles 7 3 Consultation response cover sheet 8 4 Consultation question 10 5 Request to change the Format of Original 106 (Aberdeen) 11 6 Existing Format of Original 106 16 7 Other commercial and community radio stations in the Aberdeen area 17 1 Request to change Format – ORIGINAL 106 (Aberdeen) Section 1 1 Executive summary 1.1 Ofcom has received a Format change request from Original FM Aberdeen Ltd (‘Original’) in relation to Original 106, which holds a local FM commercial radio licence for the Aberdeen area. 1.2 While retaining the station’s overall “adult alternative” theme, Original wishes to remove the obligation contained in the Format’s existing Character of Service which requires the station to be “album [track]-led”, and instead proposes the introduction of a requirement to play specific types or genres of music (“adult-oriented album tracks, classic rock and predominantly non-contemporary pop-rock hits”). No change is proposed to the target demographic of 35-59 year-olds, or to the station’s existing news and localness commitments. 1.3 A request for a Format change can be approved only if it satisfies at least one of the five criteria set out in section 106(1A) of the Broadcasting Act 1990 (as amended).
    [Show full text]
  • BMJ in the News Is a Weekly Digest of Journal Stories, Plus Any Other News
    BMJ in the News is a weekly digest of journal stories, plus any other news about the company that has appeared in the national and a selection of English-speaking international media. A total of 22 journals were picked up in the media last week (22-28 June) - our highlights ​ ​ include: ● UK health leaders urging the government to prepare for a second wave of covid-19 in The BMJ made global headlines, including BBC News, International Business Times, ​ ​ The Sydney Morning Herald and The Washington Post. ​ ​ ​ ● Experts in The BMJ raising concerns over the UK government’s “game-changing” ​ ​ ​ antibody testing strategy made headlines in Times of India, Sky News, ITV News and ​ BBC Breakfast. ● A study published in the Archives of Disease in Childhood finding that ​ ​ ​ cyberbullying is linked to various types of post traumatic stress for victims and perpetrators was picked up by MailOnline, Forbes and CNN. ​ ​ ​ ● Research published in Gut suggesting that inflammatory bowel disease is linked to ​ ​ more than a doubling in the risk of developing dementia was covered by CNN, Sky ​ News and Newsweek. ​ ​ PRESS RELEASES The BMJ | Archives of Disease in Childhood ​ ​ ​ Gut | Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health ​ ​ Vet Record EXTERNAL PRESS RELEASES BMJ Global Health OTHER COVERAGE The BMJ | Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases ​ ​ BMJ Case Reports | BMJ Nutrition, Prevention & Health ​ ​ BMJ Open | BMJ Open Gastroenterology ​ ​ BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine | BMJ Sexual & Reproductive Health ​ ​ ​ ​ British Journal of Sports Medicine
    [Show full text]
  • Radio Paisley Community Radio Licence Application Form
    Radio Paisley community radio licence application form 1. Station Name Guidance Notes What is the proposed station name? This is the name you expect to use to identify the station on air. RADIO PAISLEY (or RADIO PAISLEY 2021 – dependent on City of Culture Status) 2. Community to be served Guidance Notes Define the community or communities you are It is a legislative requirement that a service is intended proposing to serve. Drawing from various sources of primarily to serve one or more communities (whether or data (e.g. from the Office of Population, Census and not it also serves other members of the public) and we Survey) and in relation to your proposed coverage need to understand who comprises that community or area, please determine the size of the population communities. The target community will also be concerned and the make-up of the population as a specified in the licence, if this application is successful. whole, along with any relevant socio-economic The legislation defines a ‘community’ as: people who live information that would support your application. or work or undergo education or training in a particular (Please tell us the sources of the information you area or locality, or people who have one or more provide.) interests or characteristics in common. Answer in fewer than 300 words: Radio Paisley wishes to serve the people of Paisley. Paisley is Scotland's largest town with a population of just over 76,000. (Source: ONS) Census information for Paisley and Renfrewshire (Census 2011) shows there is a total population of 174,000 in the Renfrewshire area that also includes Johnstone, Renfrew, Erskine and Linwood of which there is a 52/48 split between males and females.
    [Show full text]