DOCSLIB.ORG

Primula Calyptrata, a New Species in Section Carolinella (Primulaceae) from Yunnan, China

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Primula Calyptrata, a New Species in Section Carolinella (Primulaceae) from Yunnan, China Primula calyptrata, a New Species in Section Carolinella (Primulaceae) from Yunnan, China Gong Xun and Fang Rhui-cheng Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China. [email protected] ABSTRACT. Primula calyptrata X. Gong & R. C. group in Primula (Hu Q-M., 1994); this new taxon Fang (Primulaceae) is described and illustrated. is considered to be primitive for having alternate Analysis of its habitat, distribution, and capsule and long-petioled leaves, 2±2.5 cm long stems, and morphology indicates that this species is a member homostylic ¯owers. In addition, Primula sect. Car- of Primula sect. Carolinella (Helmsley) Pax, which olinella is a typical endemic of East Asia and is is endemic to humid subtropical regions of Yunnan, limited to southwestern and southern China and ad- China, northern Vietnam, and Thailand, and char- jacent North Vietnam and Thailand. Eleven species acterized by an unusual calyptrate capsule. were recognized in this section: almost all are sten- Key words: China, Primula, Primulaceae, sec- ochoric and have very small populations, some of tion Carolinella, Yunnan. which are in imminent danger. All of the species in this section occur in the warm-moist southern During an investigation of plants in southeastern subtropical evergreen broadleaf forest of low alti- Yunnan, China, in April 2001, some specimens of tudes within the limestone region. Primula were collected and recognized as a new species. After further studies, the species was be- Primula calyptrata X. Gong & R. C. Fang, sp. lieved to belong to section Carolinella. Living nov. TYPE: China. SE Yunnan: Malipo County, plants were introduced into Kunming Botanical Xiajinchang, 1870 m, 16 Apr. 2001, X. Gong Garden for cultivation and observation. Specimens 02815 (holotype, KUN). Figure 1. were also collected by Shui Yu-min et al. from Species in hac sectione caulibus brevibus, foliis subtus Zhongzai in Malipo County, Yunnan Province, in purpuratis valde differt. Planta P. intanoensi e Thailandia 2002. valde proxima, sed caulibus 2±2.5 cm longis, foliis alter- Members of section Carolinella are unique in nantibus, corollis purpureis, tubis 1.7 cm longis, limbis 1.5±1.8 cm in diam., pedicellis 2±4 mm longis differt. Primula for having a calyptrate capsule with a cir- cumscissile lid, a feature also shared by the genera Herbs perennial, completely efarinose, stems Pomatosace Maximowicz, Anagallis L., Soldanella and both surfaces of leaf blade as well as petioles L., and Bryocarpum Hooker f. & Thomson in Pri- with dense articulated hairs. Rhizome elongated, 2 mulaceae (Pax & Knuth, 1905). The evolutionary cm long, with numerous ®brous roots, producing 1 trend of the fruits in Primulaceae is believed to be or 2 leaf-bearing stems above. Stem 2±2.5 cm long from indehiscent capsule to valvate capsule to ca- before or in anthesis, purple. Leaves alternate, leaf lyptrate capsule with a circumscissile lid (Hu Q- blade suborbicular, 2.8±4 3 2.6±3.8 cm, apex M., 1994; Chen F-H. & Hu, 1990). This feature in rounded, base cordate, margin irregularly undulate, section Carolinella is a link between Primula and thick-papyraceous when dry, grayish green above, the other genera; however, other morphological purple below, midrib and 4 pairs of lateral veins characters and distribution clearly separate them. obscure above and plane but distinct below; petiole The phylogenetic relationships among other sec- 2.5±5.5 cm long. Scape 1 or 2, 12±18 cm high, tions in Primula and other genera of Primulaceae sparsely white villous, with 1 to 2 superimposed are still unclear because studies are lacking in umbels with 2 to 5 slightly secund ¯owers in each; chromosome number, pollen type, and seed mor- pedicels 2±4 mm long, with dense articulated hairs; phology. The phenomenon that the calyptrate cap- bracts ovate-lanceolate, 4±6 mm long, prominently sule occurs in the genera Pomatosace, Anagallis, 1-nerved, with dense articulated hairs; calyx cam- Soldanella, and Bryocarpum in Primulaceae may be panulate, 5±6 mm long, with dense articulated a result of convergent evolution (Kong & Liu, hairs, divided to 1/2±1/3 into ovate-triangular 1999). lobes, lobe with 3 distinct nerves; corolla purple Section Carolinella is believed to be a primitive with a yellow eye, salverform, pubescent outside, NOVON 13: 193±195. 2003. 194 Novon Figure 1. Primula calyptrata X. Gong & R. C. Fang. ÐA. Habit. ÐB. Opened corolla, internal view showing the position of the stamens and hairs. ÐC. Pistil. ÐD. Opened calyx, external viewÐE. Capsule, showing dehiscent manner. Drawn by Yang Jian-kun from the holotype, X. Gong 02815 (KUN). Volume 13, Number 2 Gong & Fang 195 2003 Primula calyptrata from Yunnan tube 1.7 cm long with a hairy annulus inside, limb surfaces; China ......... 1.5±1.8 cm diam., lobes oblong-obovate, deeply P. levicalyx C. M. Hu & Z. R. Xu 4b. Pedicel and calyx fulvous pi- emarginate; homostylous, stamens inserted in lose; leaves pubescent on mar- throat, anthers below annulus; style ca. 1.7 cm, gin and abaxial surface. subequal to corolla tube. Capsule enclosed in calyx 5a. Leaf blade subcordate or tube, dehiscing by means of a calyptra. rounded at base; calyx 4.5±7.5 mm, parted to Distribution. Known only from the type and middle; China ...... paratype specimens collected from both Xiajin- ... P. wangii F. H. Chen & C. M. Hu chang and Zhongzai forests of Malipo County of 5b. Leaf blade cuneate or southeastern Yunnan, China. rounded at base. Habitat and phenology. Understory species in 6a. Calyx 3±4 mm, an evergreen broad-leaf forest composed of mem- parted to 2/3; China ....... bers of the Magnoliaceae, Fagaceae, and Laura- ....P. kweichouensis ceae, growing on limestone with moss; alt. 1700± W. W. Smith 1870 m; ¯owering March±April, fruiting in August. 6b. Calyx 6±7 mm, Primula calyptrata is distinguished from the oth- parted to 1/3; er species of Primula sect. Carolinella by having China ....... .. P. kwangtungensis short stems and a leaf blade that is purple on the W. W. Smith abaxial surface. This species is closely related to 1b. In¯orescences abbreviated or almost umbellate, Primula intanoensis T. Yamazaki collected from (6)12- to 28-¯owered; leaf blade glabrous or Thailand, but can be distinguished by stems 2±2.5 glabrescent; ¯owers heterostylous. 7a. Leaf blade acute or acuminate at apex. cm long, leaves alternate, corollas purple, tubes 1.7 8a. Leaf blade cuneate or rounded at cm long, limbs 1.5±1.8 cm in diameter, and pedi- base; calyx ca. 3 mm, inconspicu- cels 2±4 mm long. Primula intanoensis is stemless, ously 5-veined; China, Vietnam ... with leaves in a rosette, corollas white, tubes a little .......... P. henryi (Hemsley) Pax longer than to half again as long as the calyxes, 8b. Leaf blade cordate at base; calyx 7± 10 mm, prominently 10-veined; Chi- limbs 0.8 cm in diameter, and pedicels 5±7 mm na, Vietnam .. P. chapaensis Gagnepain long. 7b. Leaf blade obtuse or rounded at apex. 9a. Leaf blade cordate at base. Paratype. CHINA. SE Yunnan: Malipo County, 10a. Leaf blade elliptic-ovate to Zhongzai, 1700 m, 23 Mar. 2002, Yumin Shui et al. 20336 broadly ovate, 4.5±6 3 3.5±5.5 (KUN). cm; petiole 2±5 cm long; Viet- nam ................ With the inclusion of the species described here, .. P. cardioeides W. W. Smith & H. 11 species are known in Primula sect. Carolinella. R. Fletcher 10b. Leaf blade oblong to suborbic- ular or ovate-rounded, 7±18 3 KEY TO THE SPECIES OF PRIMULA SECTION CAROLINELLA 5±15 cm; petiole 7±26 cm 1a. In¯orescences umbellate, umbels 1 or 2 super- long; China .. P. partschiana Pax imposed, 2- to 6(9)-¯owered; leaf blade pubes- 9b. Leaf blade broadly cuneate to sub- cent. rounded at base; China ....... 2a. Leaf blade suborbicular or ovate-elliptic, ....... P. rugosa N. P. Balakrishnan base distinctly cordate, both surfaces markedly pubescent; ¯owers homostylous. Acknowledgments. The authors are grateful to 3a. Stem 2±2.5 cm long, leaves alter- Pan Yue-zhi for help with ®eldwork and Yang zhi- nate; corolla purple, tube 1.7 cm Yun for cultivating and observing the plants. long, 2±3 times as long as calyx, limb 1.5±1.8 cm diam.; China ... .. P. calyptrata X. Gong & R. C. Fang Literature Cited 3b. Stem absent; leaves a rosette; corolla Chen F-H. & Hu Q-M. 1990. Primulaceae. In: Flora Rei- white, tube a little longer than to publicae Popularis Sinicae 59(2): 59±66. Science Press, half as long again as the calyx, limb Beijing. ca. 0.8 cm diam.; Thailand ... Hu Q-M. 1994. On the geographical distribution of the ........ P. intanoensis T. Yamazaki Primulaceae. J. Trop. Subtrop. Bot. 2(4): 1±14. 2b. Leaf blade oblong, elliptic, broadly ovate Kong H-Z. & Liu J-Q. 1999. Karyomorphology of the ge- or broadly elliptic, base broadly cuneate nus Pomatosace Maxin. (Primulaceae). Act. Phytotax. or cordate, both surfaces pubescent or Sin. 37(5): 445±450. adaxially glabrous; ¯owers heterostylous. Pax, F. & R. Knuth. 1905. Primulaceae. In: A. Engler, 4a. Pedicel and calyx glabrous; Das P¯anzenreich. Vol. 27: 1±15. Verlag von Wilhelm leaves densely pilose on both Engelmann, Leipzig..
Load more

Recommended publications
  • An Additional Nomenclatural Transfer in the Pantropical Genus Myrsine (Primulaceae: Myrsinoideae) John J
    Nova Southeastern University NSUWorks Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles Department of Marine and Environmental Sciences 9-13-2018 An Additional Nomenclatural Transfer in the Pantropical Genus Myrsine (Primulaceae: Myrsinoideae) John J. Pipoly III Broward County Parks & Recreation Division; Nova Southeastern University, [email protected] Jon M. Ricketson Missouri Botanical Garden Find out more information about Nova Southeastern University and the Halmos College of Natural Sciences and Oceanography. Follow this and additional works at: https://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_facarticles Part of the Marine Biology Commons, and the Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology Commons NSUWorks Citation John J. Pipoly III and Jon M. Ricketson. 2018. An Additional Nomenclatural Transfer in the Pantropical Genus Myrsine (Primulaceae: Myrsinoideae) .Novon , (3) : 287 -287. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_facarticles/942. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of Marine and Environmental Sciences at NSUWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles by an authorized administrator of NSUWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. An Additional Nomenclatural Transfer in the Pantropical Genus Myrsine (Primulaceae: Myrsinoideae) John J. Pipoly III Broward County Parks & Recreation Division, 950 NW 38th St., Oakland Park, Florida 33309, U.S.A.; Nova Southeastern University, 8000 N Ocean Dr., Dania Beach, Florida 33004, U.S.A. [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] Jon M. Ricketson Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Blvd., St. Louis, Missouri 63110, U.S.A. [email protected] ABSTRACT. Rapanea pellucidostriata Gilg & Schellenb. TYPE: Democratic Republic of the Congo. Ruwen- is transferred to Myrsine L.
    [Show full text]
  • Pollen and Stamen Mimicry: the Alpine Flora As a Case Study
    Arthropod-Plant Interactions DOI 10.1007/s11829-017-9525-5 ORIGINAL PAPER Pollen and stamen mimicry: the alpine flora as a case study 1 1 1 1 Klaus Lunau • Sabine Konzmann • Lena Winter • Vanessa Kamphausen • Zong-Xin Ren2 Received: 1 June 2016 / Accepted: 6 April 2017 Ó The Author(s) 2017. This article is an open access publication Abstract Many melittophilous flowers display yellow and Dichogamous and diclinous species display pollen- and UV-absorbing floral guides that resemble the most com- stamen-imitating structures more often than non-dichoga- mon colour of pollen and anthers. The yellow coloured mous and non-diclinous species, respectively. The visual anthers and pollen and the similarly coloured flower guides similarity between the androecium and other floral organs are described as key features of a pollen and stamen is attributed to mimicry, i.e. deception caused by the flower mimicry system. In this study, we investigated the entire visitor’s inability to discriminate between model and angiosperm flora of the Alps with regard to visually dis- mimic, sensory exploitation, and signal standardisation played pollen and floral guides. All species were checked among floral morphs, flowering phases, and co-flowering for the presence of pollen- and stamen-imitating structures species. We critically discuss deviant pollen and stamen using colour photographs. Most flowering plants of the mimicry concepts and evaluate the frequent evolution of Alps display yellow pollen and at least 28% of the species pollen-imitating structures in view of the conflicting use of display pollen- or stamen-imitating structures. The most pollen for pollination in flowering plants and provision of frequent types of pollen and stamen imitations were pollen for offspring in bees.
    [Show full text]
  • From New Guinea
    Phytotaxa 442 (3): 133–137 ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) https://www.mapress.com/j/pt/ PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2020 Magnolia Press Article ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.442.3.1 A new species of Myrsine (Primulaceae-Myrsinoideae) from New Guinea TIMOTHY M.A. UTTERIDGE1,3 & BRENDAN J. LEPSCHI2,4 1 Identification & Naming Dept, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AE, UK. 2 Australian National Herbarium, Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia. 3 [email protected]; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2823-0337 4 [email protected]; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3281-2973 Abstract Myrsine exquisitorum Utteridge & Lepschi (Primulaceae-Myrsinoideae) is described and illustrated as a new species endemic to the Western Highlands Province from Papua New Guinea. The new species is unique in the relatively large, almost orbicular leaves with entire margins, and the tetramerous flowers arranged in axillary fascicles without forming short shoots. Keywords: Papuasia, Malesia, Myrsinaceae, Rapanea, taxonomy Introduction Myrsine Linnaeus (1753: 196) is a pantropical genus of c. 280 species, and now includes all taxa previously placed in the paleotropical genus Rapanea Aublet (1775: 121) and the New World genus Suttonia A.Richard (1832: 349). Traditionally, Rapanea was considered distinct from Myrsine based on the absence of well-defined filaments and style, but these characters have been shown to intergrade between species of the different genera. Pipoly (2007) and Takeuchi & Pipoly (2009) further discuss character variation in the genera in New Guinea, and formally completed the transfer of the eastern Malesian names of Rapanea to Myrsine.
    [Show full text]
  • Two New Species of Primula (Primulaceae) from China
    Two New Species of Primula (Primulaceae) from China Hu Chi Ming South China Institute of Botany, Academia Sinica, Guangzhou 510650, People's Republic of China. [email protected] Geng Yu Ying West China Subalpine Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Academia Sinica, Dujiangyan 611830, China ABSTRACT. Two new species of Primula from Species af®nis P. hylobiae et P. klaverianae, a quibus western China are described, illustrated, and com- foliis scapisque glabrissimis, calyce tantum ad tertiam partem in lobos ovatos ®sso differt; ab altera etiam ¯oribus pared with putatively related species. Both new heterogeneis differt. species belong to section Petiolares subsect. Davi- dii (Balfour f.) Craib, which is characterized by the Perennial herbs, efarinose, with a short compar- capsule crumbling irregularly at maturity, the basal atively stout rhizome, basally with brown palea- buds always having a covering of paleaceous scales, ceous bud-scales at ¯owering time. Leaves forming and the leaves being more or less coriaceous, per- a spreading rosette, to 30 cm diam.; leaf blade ob- sisting into the following spring, with veins often long-elliptic to elliptic-obovate, 12±20 3 6±9 cm, prominently raised and alveolate abaxially and im- apex rounded, tapering from the middle into a very pressed adaxially. In this subsection there are about short or almost obsolete winged petiole, irregularly 18 species all distributed in Sichuan or Yunnan, crenate-dentate, papery when dry, 6 bullate on the with only one species extending to Guizhou, Hubei, margin and covered with minute glandular hairs Hunan, and Jiangxi. when just unfolded from the resting buds, soon gla- Key words: China, Primula, Primulaceae.
    [Show full text]
  • A Taxonomic Revision of the Endemic Hawaiian Lysimachia (Primulaceae) Including Three New Species!
    Pacific Science (1997), vol. 51, no. 3: 254-287 © 1997 by University of Hawai'i Press. All rights reserved A Taxonomic Revision of the Endemic Hawaiian Lysimachia (Primulaceae) Including Three New Species! KENDRICK L. MARR AND BRUCE A. BOHM2 ABSTRACT: A taxonomic revision of the endemic Lysimachia of the Hawaiian Islands was undertaken with the goal of clarifying species boundaries, especially within the L. hillebrandii/L. remyi complex of the previous taxonomic treatment. The endemic species appear to be monophyletic with Malesian affinities. The revision presented here is based upon observations of morphological characters. Sixteen species are recognized, of which three are probably extinct. Most species have narrow ecological preferences and are endemic to a single island. Species differ from each other most notably in the size, shape, and venation of the leaves; the size, shape, and pigmentation of the calyx and corolla lobes; and the presence or absence of viscid stems and leaves. Populations previously classified within L. hillebrandii or L. remyi differ in a number of characters not previously evaluated including vestiture, leaf color and venation, pedicel position and color, and calyx shape and color. Three new species, L. iniki, L. pendens, and L. scopulensis, are described. A key to species, species descriptions, and distribution maps are provided. Lysimachia, ONE OF the largest genera of the sented by the indigenous coastal Lysimachia Primulaceae, consists of approximately 180 spe­ mauritiana Lam. and subgen. Lysimachiopsis cies of upright or sprawling perennial or annual (Heller) Hand.-Mazz., which consists of species herbs, shrubs, or subshrubs. Southwest China, endemic to the Hawaiian Islands.
    [Show full text]
  • Vascular Plants of Williamson County Anagallis Minima − CHAFFWEED, FALSE PIMPERNEL [Myrsinaceae/Primulaceae]
    Vascular Plants of Williamson County Anagallis minima − CHAFFWEED, FALSE PIMPERNEL [Myrsinaceae/Primulaceae] Anagallis minima (L.) E. H. L. Krause, CHAFFWEED, FALSE PIMPERNEL. Diminutive annual, ephemeral, weakly taprooted, 1(−2)-stemmed at base, not rosetted, sparsely branched, decumbent to spreading or ascending, to 7 cm long; shoots with several nodes of basal leaves and several-many nodes of cauline (= bractlets), between vegetative and fruit- bearing portions may be 1−2 nodes with an aborted flower, glabrous. Stems: ± cylindric, to 0.35 mm diameter, internodes to 7 mm long with a faint pair of wall lines descending from leaf, mostly pale green. Leaves: opposite decussate (2−4) lower nodes and helically alternate above, simple, petiolate, without stipules; petiole cupped around pedicel and angled on lower side, < 1 mm long, pale green; blade (= mostly bractlets) obovate (ovate), 3−5 × 1.5−3 mm, green but with several elongate, rose-red cells along or next to margin, tapered at base, entire, acute at tip, venation inconspicuous. Inflorescence: flowers solitary, axillary, short-stalked, glabrous; pedicel ascending, cylindric, < 0.5 mm long. Flower: bisexual, radial, ca. 1 mm across; calyx 4−5-lobed, light green, lobes divided almost to base, initially erect aging ascending, narrowly lanceolate, subequal, at anthesis ca. 1.5 mm long increasing slightly and often somewhat unequal in fruit 1.7−2.3 × 0.4 mm incl. fine point at tip, in flower or fruit often with elongate red cells at margins, inner surface of each lobe (opposite corolla tube) with 10+ minute glandular hairs; corolla 4- lobed, ca. 1.3 mm long, colorless; tube barrel-shaped (bulging by ovary) originally somewhat 4-sided; lobes erect, acute-ovate, ca.
    [Show full text]
  • A New Way of Dissemination in Anagallis Arvensis L
    Vol. 76, No. 3: 251-253, 2007 ACTA SOCIETATIS BOTANICORUM POLONIAE 251 A NEW WAY OF DISSEMINATION IN ANAGALLIS ARVENSIS L. (PRIMULACEAE) JACEK DROBNIK, BARBARA BACLER Department and Subdepartment of Pharmaceutical Botany and Herbalism, Medical University of Silesia Ostrogórska 30, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland e-mail: [email protected] (Received: June 6, 2006. Accepted: September 13, 2006) ABSTRACT Anagallis arvensis L. fruits are globose pyxides. They contain a unique globose columella with 20-30 seeds on its surface. In ripe, open fruits the ball-shaped columella detaches easily and becomes a unique diaspore, which can roll on the ground. This way of dissemination has not been described so far neither in Anagallis nor in other Primulaceae. KEY WORDS: Anagallis arvensis, carpology, dissemination biology, weeds. DIASPORES AND DISSEMINATION BIOLOGY ber per plant is around 900 but a large specimen may yield as many as 1200 seeds (Salisbury 1962; Rao 2000). One of the rarely observed adaptations for diaspores di- Pedicels are slender, 3.0-3.5 cm long, filiform, and beco- spersal is a structure which provides rolling on the ground me reflected and rigid at fructification. The fruit is a globo- or on other surfaces. Such diaspores must be heavy eno- se, 3.0-4.0 mm in diameter, circumscissile capsule, i.e. ugh, globose and glabrous. Thanks to these characters, a pyxide (pyxidium) dehiscing along a transverse, equato- when falling onto leaves of other plants or on the surface rial line. The pericarp (pericarpium) is very thin, membra- of the soil, in favourable conditions they can roll some sco- nous, on the average 0.06 mm thick.
    [Show full text]
  • Reproductive Biology of Island and Mainland Populations of Primula Mistassinica (Primulaceae) on Lake Huron Shorelines
    1819 Reproductive biology of island and mainland populations of Primula mistassinica (Primulaceae) on Lake Huron shorelines Brendon M.H. Larson and Spencer C.H. Barrett Abstract: To investigate the influence of insularity on plant reproductive biology at a local geographic scale, we examined aspects of reproduction in distylous Primula mistassinica Michx. (Primulaceae) on Lake Huron shorelines of the Bruce Peninsula and adjacent Tobermory Islands in Ontario, Canada. A total of 7 mainland and 13 nearshore island populations were compared. Controlled pollinations demonstrated that P. mistassinica possesses a dimorphic incompatibility system with intermorph crosses setting significantly more seeds than self or intramorph crosses. Floral morphology, population style-morph ratios, and seed fertility were compared in mainland and nearshore island populations to determine whether there was evidence for differences in reproductive traits between these areas. Style-morph ratios did not differ significantly from equilibrium expectations, and there were no consistent differences between island and mainland populations in floral morphology or fertility. Rather, the generalized pollination system of P. mistassinica and extensive historical opportunities for colonization appear to have mitigated insular effects so that proximate ecological factors are more relevant to the current reproductive biology of populations. Key words: distyly, insularity, pollination, reproductive biology. Résumé : Afin d’étudier l’influence de l’insularité sur la biologie reproductive des plantes à l’échelle géographique locale, les auteurs ont examiné des aspects de la reproduction chez le Primula mistassinica Michx. (Primulaceae) distyle, venant sur les rives du lac Huron bordant la péninsule de Bruce et sur les îles Tobermory adjacentes, en Ontario, au Canada. Ils ont comparé au total 7 populations continentales et 13 populations insulaires riveraines.
    [Show full text]
  • Buzz-Pollinated Dodecatheon Originated from Within The
    American Journal of Botany 91(6): 926±942. 2004. BUZZ-POLLINATED DODECATHEON ORIGINATED FROM WITHIN THE HETEROSTYLOUS PRIMULA SUBGENUS AURICULASTRUM (PRIMULACEAE): ASEVEN-REGION CPDNA PHYLOGENY AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR FLORAL EVOLUTION1 AUSTIN R. MAST,2,4 DANIELLE M. S. FELLER,2,5 SYLVIA KELSO,3 AND ELENA CONTI2 2Institute of Systematic Botany, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland; and 3Department of Biology, Colorado College, Colorado Springs, Colorado 80903 USA We sequenced seven cpDNA regions from 70 spp. in Dodecatheon, Primula subgenus Auriculastrum, and outgroups, reconstructed their cpDNA phylogeny with maximum parsimony, and determined branch support with bootstrap frequencies and Bayesian posterior probabilities. Strongly supported conclusions include the (1) paraphyly of Primula subgenus Auriculastrum with respect to a mono- phyletic Dodecatheon, (2) sister relationship between the North American Dodecatheon and the Californian P. suffrutescens, (3) novel basal split in Dodecatheon to produce one clade with rugose and one clade with smooth anther connectives, (4) monophyly of all sections of Primula subgenus Auriculastrum, and (5) exclusion of the enigmatic Primula section Amethystina from the similar Primula subgenus Auriculastrum. These results support the origin of the monomorphic, buzz-pollinated ¯ower of Dodecatheon from the heterostylous ¯ower of Primula. We marshal evidence to support the novel hypothesis that the solanoid ¯ower of Dodecatheon represents the ®xation of recessive alleles at the heterostyly linkage group (pin phenotype). Of the remaining traits associated with their solanoid ¯owers, we recognize at least six likely to have arisen with the origin of Dodecatheon, one that preceded it (¯ower coloration, a transfer exaptation in Dodecatheon), and one that followed it (rugose anther connectives, an adaptation to buzz pollination).
    [Show full text]
  • Hottonia Palustris L. (Primulaceae) – a New Vascular Plant for Finland Found in Turku
    32Memoranda Soc. Fauna Flora FennicaLampinen 96: & 32–37. Metsäranta 2020 • Memoranda Soc. Fauna FloraISSN Fennica 0373-6873 96, (print) 2020 Helsinki 6 October 2020 ISSN 1796-9816 (online) Hottonia palustris L. (Primulaceae) – a new vascular plant for Finland found in Turku Jussi Lampinen & Noora Metsäranta Lampinen, J., Biodiversity Unit of the University of Turku, FI-20014 Turun yliopisto, Finland. [email protected]. Metsäranta, N., Department of Biology, FI-20014 Turun yliopisto, Finland. Hottonia palustris L. is a perennial hydrophyte typically found in eutrophic, still or slowly flowing freshwater habitats, often in the presence of groundwater discharge. The species has a Eurasian distribution limited in the north by climatic and hydrological barriers: freshwater habitats in e.g. northern Scandinavia are suggested to be either too cold or too oligotrophic for the species. H. palustris has indeed hitherto remained absent in Finland and Norway, with the closest native oc- currences situated in Estonia, Denmark and Southern Sweden. In June 2019, H. palustris was found growing in a clear-watered, spring-fed and sandy-bottomed pond created by sand and gravel extraction in South-Western Finland, in the municipality of Turku. The extent of this occurrence is roughly 10 m2. We consider this the first record ofH. palustris in Finland known to have overwin- tered and flowered outside private or public gardens. In this paper, we describe the occurrence in greater detail, speculate on its origin and outline certain implications of the species’ potential pro- liferation in Finland. Concluding from the location and characteristics of the pond the species was found in, and the known dispersal syndromes the species relies on, it seems most probable that the introduction of H.
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix 1: Key to Families of Vascular Plants
    18_Murrell_Appendix.qxd 5/21/10 10:04 AM Page 541 APPENDIX Key to Families of Vascular Plants 1 Key to Groups 1. Plants never bearing seeds, but reproducing by spores (FERNS AND FERN ALLIES; /MONILOPHYTA). .KEY 1—p. 543 1′ Plants reproducing by seeds; spores produced but retained in ovules or shed as pollen grains. 2. Ovules exposed to the external environment at the time of pollination; seeds produced in woody or fleshy cones or borne naked at the ends of stalks or on the edges of reduced modified leaves; carpels never produced (GYMNOSPERMS; /ACROGYMNOSPERMAE). .KEY 2—p. 546 2′ Ovules enclosed in an ovary at the time of pollination; seeds borne in fleshy or dry fruits derived from ripened carpel tissue (/ANGIOSPERMAE). 3. Cotyledons 2 (very rarely 1 or more than 2); flower parts usually in whorls of 4 or 5, or indefi- nite in number; stems usually increasing in diameter through secondary growth; leaves usually pinnately or palmately veined; roots el all secondary, a well-developed taproot often present (TRADITIONAL DICOTYLEDONS). 4. Gynoecium apocarpous, composed of 2 or more distinct carpels (flower with 2 or more pistils. .KEY 3—p. 547 4′ Gynoecium monocarpous (of 1 carpel) or syncarpous (of 2 or more connate carpels). 5. Perianth absent or represented by a single whorl that is usually treated as sepals even when petaloid in appearance. 6. Plants definitely woody. .KEY 4—p. 550 6′ Plants herbaceous or only slightly woody at the base. .KEY 5—p. 555 5′ Perianth represented by two or more whorls or complete spirals, the outer generally treated as sepals and the inner as petals.
    [Show full text]
  • An Illustrated Key to the Primulaceae of Alberta
    AN ILLUSTRATED KEY TO THE PRIMULACEAE OF ALBERTA Compiled and writen by Linda Kershaw & Lorna Allen April 2019 © Linda J. Kershaw & Lorna Allen This key was compiled using informaton primarily from Moss (1983), Douglas et. al. (1999) and the Flora North America Associaton (2008). Taxonomy follows VASCAN (Brouillet, 2015). The main references are listed at the end of the key. Please let us know if there are ways in which it can be improved. The 2015 S-ranks of rare species (S1; S1S2; S2; S2S3; SU, according to ACIMS, 2015) are noted in superscript (S1;S2;SU) afer the species names. For more details go to the ACIMS web site. No exotc species in this family are noted as naturalized in AB. PRIMULACEAE Primsose Family [includes Myrsinaceae] Key to Genera 01a Leaves all or mainly on the stem; fowers rarely in umbrella-shaped clusters .... Lysimachia 01b Leaves in basal rosettes or clustered at the 2a tips of short branches near the plant base; fowers commonly in umbrella-shaped clusters 1a [umbels] ...........................02 02a Flower lobes > twice as long as the tube and bent sharply backwards; stamens projecting from the fower; anthers fused in a cylinder 3a around the style ..........Primula, in part .......................[Dodecatheon] 02b Flower lobes ≤ twice as long as the tube and not bent sharply backwards; stamens included within the fower; anthers not fused ......03 03a Plants perennial, forming loose cushions on alpine slopes in Waterton NP; sepals distinctly keeled, hairless or with a few star-shaped and branched hairs; petals rose-pink. ................. Douglasia montana S1 03b Plants annual, biennial, or perennial, rarely forming cushions, often widespread; sepals 4b not keeled or weakly keeled in fruit, hairless or 4a with simple hairs; petals variously colored .04 04a Flowers white, fading to pink, <7 mm across (if fower >5 mm, plants grayish-hairy); styles minute, all similar ...........
    [Show full text]