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NINETEENTH-CENTURY FRANCE G46.1610 & G57.1209 Prof. Herrick Chapman Fall Semester 1999 Wed. 4-6 Office Hrs: Wed. 2-4 [email protected] This course will explore the transformation of France from the Old Regime monarchy of the late eighteenth century to the early Third Republic of the 1870s. We will focus first on the French Revolution, its origins, dynamics and consequences. We will then study the political, social, and cultural conflicts that help explain why the French went through three more revolutions--in 1830, 1848, and 1871--before establishing a stable form of republican government. Although political history stands at the center of this course, we will also devote much of our time to social and cultural history, and especially to recent literature on working-class formation, gender relations, and the peasantry. France, after all, underwent enormous change during this period. Cities grew, new forms of commerce and industry emerged, Paris flourished as an extraordinary international center of artistic and intellectual creativity, and the countryside became integrated into a national culture as never before. At the same time, many customary ways of thinking endured that we associate with the Old Regime Why this mixture of continuity and change evolved as it did remains the subject of sharp debate among scholars. We will enter into these controversies ourselves as we work on three levels: deepening our knowledge about France; mastering the historiographical debates; and bringing our own perspectives to the subject through writing and conversation. Because this is a discussion course its quality depends on everyone preparing the material and participating in class. Four papers are also required. Each should address the reading for a particular week and is due at 5:00 p.m. on the day before class. Two papers should be about 5 pages in length. Two should be about 8 pages in length. Students with a strong interest in writing a longer term paper of about 15 pages may do so; they should also write one 5-page and one 8-page class paper, instead of the required four class papers. The required reading is available on reserve in the salle de lecture at the Institute of French Studies as well as in the reserve room at Bobst Library. In addition, the following books have been ordered for purchase at the NYU Bookstore: Maurice Agulhon, The Republican Experiment, 1848-1852 (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1983). Louis Bergeron, France Under Napoleon (Princeton: Princeton University Press, ) Roger Chartier, The Cultural Origins of the French Revolution (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1991). T. J. Clark, The Painting of Modern Life: Paris in the Art of Manet and his Followers (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1984). Judith G. Coffin, The Politics of Women's Work: The Paris Garment Trades, 1750-1915 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1996). Francois Furet, Revolutionary France, 1770-1880 (Oxford: Blackwell, 1995). Gay Gullickson, The Unruly Women of Paris: Images of the Commune (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1996). Philip Nord, The Republican Moment: Struggles for Democracy in Ninteenth-Century France (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1995). Joan Wallach Scott, Only Paradoxes to Offer: French Feminists and the Rights of Man (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1996). William H. Sewell, Jr., Work and Revolution in France: The Language of Labor from the Old Regime to 1848 (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1980). Albert Soboul, A Short History of the French Revolution, 1789-1799 (Berkeley: University of California Press 1977). Eugen Weber, Peasants Into Frenchmen: The Modernization of Rural France, 1870-1914 (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1976). Gordon Wright, France in Modern Times Fifth Edition (New York: Norton, 1995). Class Schedule Week 1 (Sept. 8) - Introduction Required: Gordon Wright, France in Modern Times Fifth Edition (1995), chapters 1-4. Recommended: (general works) Heinz-Gerhard Haupt, Histoire social de la France depuis 1789. Roger Magraw, France, 1815-1914: The Bourgeois Century (1986). Robert Tombs, France 1814-1914 (1996) Claire Goldberg Moses, French Feminism in the Nineteenth Century. Peter McPhee, A Social History of France, 1770-1871. Theodore Zeldin, France, 1848-1945 2 Vols. (1979). Pierre Rosenvallon, L'Etat en France de 1789 a nos jours (1990). Honore Balzac, The Human Comedy. Week 2 (Sept. 15) - The Ancien Regime Required: William Doyle, The Origins of the French Revolution (1988), selected chapters. Francois Furet, Revolutionary France, 1770-1871 (1989), ch. 1. Robert Darnton, "The High Enlightenment and the Low Life of Literature," in The Literary Underground of the Old Regime (1982). Recommended: Alexis de Tocqueville, The Old Regime and the French Revolution (1856). Guy Chaussinand-Nogaret, The French Nobility of the Eighteenth Century: From Feudalism to Enlightenment (1985). Denis Richet, "Autour des origines ideologiques lointaines de la Revolution francaise: elites et despotisme," Annales E.S.C. 24, 1 (1969). Betty Behrens, "Nobles, Privileges and Taxes in France at the End of the Ancien Regime" Economic History Review 15 (1962-63). John Francis Bosher, French Finances, 1770-1795 (1970). George V. Taylor, "Types of Capitalism in Eighteenth-Century France," English Historical Review 79 (1964). Pierre Goubert, The Ancien Regime (1973). Daniel Roche, The People of Paris (1987). Daniel Roche, France in the Enlightenment (1999). Peter Sahlins, "Fictions of a Catholic France: The Naturalization of Foreigners, 1685-1787," Representations 47 (Summer 1994). Week 3 (Sept. 22) - The French Revolution I Required: Wright, chs. 5 and 6. Furet, Revolutionary France, chs. 2-4. Albert Soboul, A Short History of the French Revolution. Francois Furet, Interpreting the French Revolution, essay on "the catechism." Recommended: Colin Lucas, "Nobles, Bourgeois, and the Origins of the French Revolution," Past and Present 60 (1973). Georges Lefebvre, The Coming of the French Revolution (1947). Alfred Cobban, The Social Interpretation of the French Revolution (1964). Elizabeth L. Eisenstein, "Who Intervened in 1788? A Commentary on The Coming of the French Revolution," American Historical Review (Oct. 1965). Edmund Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in France (1791). Francois Furet and Mona Ozouf, A Critical Dictionary of the French Revolutoin (1989). Jack R. Censer, "The Coming of a New Interpretation of the French Revolution," Journal of Social History 21 (Winter 1987). Claude Langlois, "Furet's Revolution," French Historical Studies 16, 4 (Fall 1990). William H. Sewell, Jr., "Ideologies and Social Revolutions: Reflections on the French Case," Journal of Modern History 57 1 (1985). Isser Woloch, "On the Latent Illiberalism of the French Revolution," American Historical Review 95 (1990). David Geggus, "Racial Equality, Slavery, and Colonial Secession during the Constituent Assembly," American Historical Review 94, 5 (Dec. 1989). Week 4 (Sept. 29) - The French Revolution II Required: Roger Chartier, The Cultural Origins of the French Revolution (1991). Lynn Hunt, The Family Romance of the French Revolution (1992), chs. 2 and 4. Edward Berenson "The Social Interpretation of the French Revolution," in Nikkie R. Keddie, ed., Debating Revolutions (1995). Recommended: Lynn Hunt, Politics, Culture, and Class in the French Revolution (1984). Joan W. Scott, Only Paradoxes to Offer: French Feminists and the Rights of Man (1996), chs. 1 and 2. Darlene Gay Levy ad Harriet Applewhite, "Women and Militant Citizenship in Revolutionary Paris," in Sara Melzer and Leslie Rabine, eds., Rebel Daughters: Women and the French Revolution (1992). Joan Landes, Women and the Public Sphere in the Age of the French Revolution (1988). Madelyn Gutwirth, Twilight of the Goddesses: Women and Representaiton in the French Revolutionary Era (1992). Dominique Godineau, The Women of Paris and Their French Revolution (1998). Olwen Hufton, Women and the Limits of Citizenship in the French Revolution (1992). Mona Ozouf, Festivals and the French Revolution (1988). Jurgen Habermas, The Structural Transformation of the Pubic Sphere: An Inquiry into a Category of Bourgeois Society (1989). Keith Baker, Inventing the French Revolution (1990). Suzanne Desan, Reclaiming the Sacred: Lay Religion and Popular Politics in Revolutionary France (1990). Week 5 (Oct. 6) - Napoleon and the Empire Required: Wright, ch. 7. Furet, Revolutionary France, ch 5. Louis Bergeron, France Under Napoleon (1981). Recommended: Isser Woloch, The New Regime: Transformations of the French Civic Order, 1789-1820s (1994). Martyn Lyons, Napoleon Bonaparte and the Legacy of the French Revolution (1994). Harold T. Parker, "Napoleon Reconsidered: An Invitation to Inquiry and Reflection," French Historical Studies 15, 1 (Spring 1987). Jean Tulard, Napoleon: The Myth of the Saviour (1984). Georges Lefebvre, Napoleon (1935). Owen Connelley, Blundering to Glory: Napoleon's Military Campaigns (1988). Frank Kafker and James M. Laux, eds., Napoleon and his Times: Selected Interpretations (1991). P. Geyl, Napoleon: For and Against (1949). Week 6 (Oct. 13) - Restoration and the Revolution of 1830 Required: Wright, ch. 9. Furet, ch. 6, ch. 7 (pp. 326-336). Christopher H. Johnson, "The Revolution of 1830 in French Economic History" in John M. Merriman, ed., 1830 in France (1975). William M. Reddy, The Invisible Code; Honor and Sentiment in Postrevolutionary France, 1814-1848 (1997), selected chapter. Recommended: Robert S. Alexander, "Restoration Republicanism Reconsidered,"
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