NINETEENTH-CENTURY FRANCE G46.1610 & G57.1209 Prof. Herrick Chapman Fall Semester 1999 Wed. 4-6 Office Hrs: Wed. 2-4 [email protected] This course will explore the transformation of France from the Old Regime monarchy of the late eighteenth century to the early Third Republic of the 1870s. We will focus first on the French Revolution, its origins, dynamics and consequences. We will then study the political, social, and cultural conflicts that help explain why the French went through three more revolutions--in 1830, 1848, and 1871--before establishing a stable form of republican government. Although political history stands at the center of this course, we will also devote much of our time to social and cultural history, and especially to recent literature on working-class formation, gender relations, and the peasantry. France, after all, underwent enormous change during this period. Cities grew, new forms of commerce and industry emerged, Paris flourished as an extraordinary international center of artistic and intellectual creativity, and the countryside became integrated into a national culture as never before. At the same time, many customary ways of thinking endured that we associate with the Old Regime Why this mixture of continuity and change evolved as it did remains the subject of sharp debate among scholars. We will enter into these controversies ourselves as we work on three levels: deepening our knowledge about France; mastering the historiographical debates; and bringing our own perspectives to the subject through writing and conversation. Because this is a discussion course its quality depends on everyone preparing the material and participating in class. Four papers are also required. Each should address the reading for a particular week and is due at 5:00 p.m. on the day before class. Two papers should be about 5 pages in length. Two should be about 8 pages in length. Students with a strong interest in writing a longer term paper of about 15 pages may do so; they should also write one 5-page and one 8-page class paper, instead of the required four class papers. The required reading is available on reserve in the salle de lecture at the Institute of French Studies as well as in the reserve room at Bobst Library. In addition, the following books have been ordered for purchase at the NYU Bookstore: Maurice Agulhon, The Republican Experiment, 1848-1852 (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1983). Louis Bergeron, France Under Napoleon (Princeton: Princeton University Press, ) Roger Chartier, The Cultural Origins of the French Revolution (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1991). T. J. Clark, The Painting of Modern Life: Paris in the Art of Manet and his Followers (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1984). Judith G. Coffin, The Politics of Women's Work: The Paris Garment Trades, 1750-1915 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1996). Francois Furet, Revolutionary France, 1770-1880 (Oxford: Blackwell, 1995). Gay Gullickson, The Unruly Women of Paris: Images of the Commune (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1996). Philip Nord, The Republican Moment: Struggles for Democracy in Ninteenth-Century France (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1995). Joan Wallach Scott, Only Paradoxes to Offer: French Feminists and the Rights of Man (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1996). William H. Sewell, Jr., Work and Revolution in France: The Language of Labor from the Old Regime to 1848 (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1980). Albert Soboul, A Short History of the French Revolution, 1789-1799 (Berkeley: University of California Press 1977). Eugen Weber, Peasants Into Frenchmen: The Modernization of Rural France, 1870-1914 (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1976). Gordon Wright, France in Modern Times Fifth Edition (New York: Norton, 1995). Class Schedule Week 1 (Sept. 8) - Introduction Required: Gordon Wright, France in Modern Times Fifth Edition (1995), chapters 1-4. Recommended: (general works) Heinz-Gerhard Haupt, Histoire social de la France depuis 1789. Roger Magraw, France, 1815-1914: The Bourgeois Century (1986). Robert Tombs, France 1814-1914 (1996) Claire Goldberg Moses, French Feminism in the Nineteenth Century. Peter McPhee, A Social History of France, 1770-1871. Theodore Zeldin, France, 1848-1945 2 Vols. (1979). Pierre Rosenvallon, L'Etat en France de 1789 a nos jours (1990). Honore Balzac, The Human Comedy. Week 2 (Sept. 15) - The Ancien Regime Required: William Doyle, The Origins of the French Revolution (1988), selected chapters. Francois Furet, Revolutionary France, 1770-1871 (1989), ch. 1. Robert Darnton, "The High Enlightenment and the Low Life of Literature," in The Literary Underground of the Old Regime (1982). Recommended: Alexis de Tocqueville, The Old Regime and the French Revolution (1856). Guy Chaussinand-Nogaret, The French Nobility of the Eighteenth Century: From Feudalism to Enlightenment (1985). Denis Richet, "Autour des origines ideologiques lointaines de la Revolution francaise: elites et despotisme," Annales E.S.C. 24, 1 (1969). Betty Behrens, "Nobles, Privileges and Taxes in France at the End of the Ancien Regime" Economic History Review 15 (1962-63). John Francis Bosher, French Finances, 1770-1795 (1970). George V. Taylor, "Types of Capitalism in Eighteenth-Century France," English Historical Review 79 (1964). Pierre Goubert, The Ancien Regime (1973). Daniel Roche, The People of Paris (1987). Daniel Roche, France in the Enlightenment (1999). Peter Sahlins, "Fictions of a Catholic France: The Naturalization of Foreigners, 1685-1787," Representations 47 (Summer 1994). Week 3 (Sept. 22) - The French Revolution I Required: Wright, chs. 5 and 6. Furet, Revolutionary France, chs. 2-4. Albert Soboul, A Short History of the French Revolution. Francois Furet, Interpreting the French Revolution, essay on "the catechism." Recommended: Colin Lucas, "Nobles, Bourgeois, and the Origins of the French Revolution," Past and Present 60 (1973). Georges Lefebvre, The Coming of the French Revolution (1947). Alfred Cobban, The Social Interpretation of the French Revolution (1964). Elizabeth L. Eisenstein, "Who Intervened in 1788? A Commentary on The Coming of the French Revolution," American Historical Review (Oct. 1965). Edmund Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in France (1791). Francois Furet and Mona Ozouf, A Critical Dictionary of the French Revolutoin (1989). Jack R. Censer, "The Coming of a New Interpretation of the French Revolution," Journal of Social History 21 (Winter 1987). Claude Langlois, "Furet's Revolution," French Historical Studies 16, 4 (Fall 1990). William H. Sewell, Jr., "Ideologies and Social Revolutions: Reflections on the French Case," Journal of Modern History 57 1 (1985). Isser Woloch, "On the Latent Illiberalism of the French Revolution," American Historical Review 95 (1990). David Geggus, "Racial Equality, Slavery, and Colonial Secession during the Constituent Assembly," American Historical Review 94, 5 (Dec. 1989). Week 4 (Sept. 29) - The French Revolution II Required: Roger Chartier, The Cultural Origins of the French Revolution (1991). Lynn Hunt, The Family Romance of the French Revolution (1992), chs. 2 and 4. Edward Berenson "The Social Interpretation of the French Revolution," in Nikkie R. Keddie, ed., Debating Revolutions (1995). Recommended: Lynn Hunt, Politics, Culture, and Class in the French Revolution (1984). Joan W. Scott, Only Paradoxes to Offer: French Feminists and the Rights of Man (1996), chs. 1 and 2. Darlene Gay Levy ad Harriet Applewhite, "Women and Militant Citizenship in Revolutionary Paris," in Sara Melzer and Leslie Rabine, eds., Rebel Daughters: Women and the French Revolution (1992). Joan Landes, Women and the Public Sphere in the Age of the French Revolution (1988). Madelyn Gutwirth, Twilight of the Goddesses: Women and Representaiton in the French Revolutionary Era (1992). Dominique Godineau, The Women of Paris and Their French Revolution (1998). Olwen Hufton, Women and the Limits of Citizenship in the French Revolution (1992). Mona Ozouf, Festivals and the French Revolution (1988). Jurgen Habermas, The Structural Transformation of the Pubic Sphere: An Inquiry into a Category of Bourgeois Society (1989). Keith Baker, Inventing the French Revolution (1990). Suzanne Desan, Reclaiming the Sacred: Lay Religion and Popular Politics in Revolutionary France (1990). Week 5 (Oct. 6) - Napoleon and the Empire Required: Wright, ch. 7. Furet, Revolutionary France, ch 5. Louis Bergeron, France Under Napoleon (1981). Recommended: Isser Woloch, The New Regime: Transformations of the French Civic Order, 1789-1820s (1994). Martyn Lyons, Napoleon Bonaparte and the Legacy of the French Revolution (1994). Harold T. Parker, "Napoleon Reconsidered: An Invitation to Inquiry and Reflection," French Historical Studies 15, 1 (Spring 1987). Jean Tulard, Napoleon: The Myth of the Saviour (1984). Georges Lefebvre, Napoleon (1935). Owen Connelley, Blundering to Glory: Napoleon's Military Campaigns (1988). Frank Kafker and James M. Laux, eds., Napoleon and his Times: Selected Interpretations (1991). P. Geyl, Napoleon: For and Against (1949). Week 6 (Oct. 13) - Restoration and the Revolution of 1830 Required: Wright, ch. 9. Furet, ch. 6, ch. 7 (pp. 326-336). Christopher H. Johnson, "The Revolution of 1830 in French Economic History" in John M. Merriman, ed., 1830 in France (1975). William M. Reddy, The Invisible Code; Honor and Sentiment in Postrevolutionary France, 1814-1848 (1997), selected chapter. Recommended: Robert S. Alexander, "Restoration Republicanism Reconsidered," French History 8, 4 (Dec. 1994). David Pinkney, The French Revolution of 1830 (1972). Guillaume de Bertier de Sauvigny, The Bourbon Restoration (1966). Adeline Daumard, Les Bourgeois et la bourgeoisie en France depuis 1815 (1991). Adeline Daumard, La Bourgeoisie parisienne de 1815 a 1848 (1963). Alan B. Spitzer, The French Generation of 1820. George A. Kelly, "Liberalism and Aristocracy in the French Restoration," Journal of the History of Ideas 26, 4 (1965). Week 7 (Oct. 20) - Class Formation and Revolutionary Politics Required: William H. Sewell, Jr., Work and Revolution in France: The Language of Labor from the Old Regime to 1848 (1980), selected chapters. Judith G. Coffin The Politics of Women's Work: The Paris Garment Trades, 1750-1915 (1996), Introduction and chapters 1-2. Recommended: Bernard Moss, The Origins of the French Labor Movement (1976). Robert J. Bezucha, The Lyon Uprising of 1834 (1974). Maurice Agulhon, Une Ville ouvriere au temps du socialisme utopique: Toulon de 1815 a 1851 (1970). Christopher H. Johnson, Utopian Communism in France: Cabet and the Icarians (1974). Jacques Ranciere, The Nights of Labor: The Workers' Dream in Nineteenth-Century France (1989). Michelle Perrot, "On the Formation of the French Working Class," in Ira Katznelson and Aristide R. Zolberg, eds, Working-Class Formation: Nineteenth-Century Patterns in Western Europe and the United States (1986). Alain, Cottereau, "The Distinctiveness of Working-Class Cultures in France, 1848-1900," in Katznelson and Zolberg, eds., Working-Class Formation. Laura S. Strumingher, Women and the Making of the Working Class, Lyon 1830-1870 (1982). Week 8 (Oct. 27) - The Revolution of 1848 Required: Wright, ch. 11 and 12. Furet, ch. 7 (pp. 333-384) and ch. 8. Maurice Agulhon, The Republican Experiment, 1842-1852 (1983), selected chapters. Alexis de Tocqueville, Recollections: The French Revolution of 1848, selected pages. Joan Wallach Scott, Only Paradoxes to Offer: French Feminists and the Rights of Man (1996), ch. 3. Recommended: Philippe Vigier, La Second Republic dans la region alpine 2 vols. (1964). Edward Berenson, Populist Religion and Left Wing Politics in France, 1830-52 (1984). Ted W. Margadant, French Peasants in Revolt: The Insurrection of 1851 (1979). Peter Amann, Revolution and Mass Democracy: The Paris Club Movement in 1848 (1975). Andre-Jean Tudesq, Les Grands Notables en France, 1840-1849 (1964). Roger Price, The French Second Republic: A Social History (1972). David Pinkney, Decisive Years in France, 1840-1847 (1986). Mark Traugott, Armies of the Poor: Detreminants of Working-Class Partiipation in the Parisia Insurrection of June 1848 (1985) Gustave Flaubert, Sentimenal Education. Week 9 (Nov. 3) - The Second Empire Required: Wright, chs. 12 and 13. Furet, ch 9. David H. Pinkney, Napoleon III and the Rebuilding of Paris (1958), selected chapters. Alan Spitzer, "The Good Napoleon III," French Historical Studies 2 (1962). Recommended: Alain Plessis, The Rise and Fall of the Second Empire, 1852-1871 David P. Jordan, Transforming Paris: The Life an Labors of Baron Haussmann (1996). Karl Marx, The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte (1852). Theodore Zeldin, The Political System of Napoleon III (1958). J. M. Thompson, Louis Napoleon and the Second Empire (1955). Albert Guerard, Napoleon III (1943). Matthew Truesdell, Spectacular Politics: Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte and the Fete Imperial, 1849-1870 (1997). Martin Nadaud, Leonard, macon de la Creuse (1895). Rondo Cameron, France and the Economic Development of Europe, 1800-1914 (1961). Michael Smith, Tariff Reform in France, 1860-1900: The Politics of Economic Interest (1980). N. F. R. Crafts, "Economic Growth in France and Britain, 1830-1910, A Review of the Evidence," Journal of Economic History 44 (1984). Week 10 (Nov. 10) - Women, Work, and Gender Required: Wright, ch. 14. Judith G. Coffin, The Politics of Women's Work (1996) chs. 3-5, 7. Bonnie G. Smith, Ladies of the Leisure Class (1981), selected chapters. Recommended: Tessie P Liu, The Weaver's Knot: The Contradictions of Class Struggle ad Family Solidarity in Western France, 1750-1914 (1994). Jo Burr Margadant Madame le Professeur: Women Educators in the Third Republic (1990). Joan Scott and Louise Tilly, Women, work, and the Family (1978). Alain Corbin Women for Hire: Prostitution ad Sexuality in France after 1850 Joan W. Scott, Gender and the Politics of History (1988). Mary Lynn Stewart, Women, Work, and the French State (1989). Robert Nye, Masculinity and Male Codes of Honor in Modern France (1993). Week 11 (Nov 17) - Art and Experience in the City Required: Wright, chapter 15. T. J Clark, The Painting of Modern Life: Paris in the Art of Manet and His Followers (1984). Recommended: T. J. Clark, The Absolute Bourgeois: Artists and Politics in France, 1848-1851 (1982). Robert Herbert, Impressionism: Art, Leisure and Parisian Society (1988). Jerrold Seigel, Bohemian Paris (1986). James Johnson, Listening in Paris (1995). Michael Miller, The Bon Marche: Bourgeois Culture and the Department Store, 1869-1920 (1981). Whitney Walton, France at the Crystal Palace: Bourgeois Taste and Artisan Manufacture in the Nineteenth Century (1992). Patricia Mainardi The End of the Salon: Art and the State in the Early Third Republic (1993). Week 12 (Dec. 24) - The Paris Commune Required: Furet, ch. 10. Steward Edwards, ed., The Communards of Paris, 1871 (1973), selected documents. Gay Gullickson, Unruly Women of Paris: Images of the Commune (1996). Recommended: Steward Edwards, Paris Commune 1871 (1971). Jacques Rougerie, Proces des communards (1964) Prosper-Olivier Lissagaray, History of the Commune of 1871 (1886). Bullitt Lowry and Elizabeth Ellington Gunter, eds, The Red Virgin: Memoirs of Louise Michel (1981). Karl Marx, The Civil War in France (1974). Roger Williams The French Revolution of 1870-71 Frank Jellinek, The Paris Commune of 1871 (1937). Michael Howard, The Franco-Prussian War (1967). Eugene Schulkind, "Socialist Women during the 1871 Paris Commune," Past and Present 106 (1985). Martin Philip Johnson, The Paradise of Association: Political Culture and Popular Organization in the Paris Commune of 1871 (1997). Rupert Christiansen, Paris Babylon: The Story of the Paris Commune (1995). Week 13 (Dec. 1) - Creating a Third Republic Required: Wright, chs. 16 and 18. Philip Nord, The Republican Moment: Struggles for Democracy in Nineteenth-Century France (1995). Recommended: Sanford Elwitt, The Making of the Third Republic (1975). Claude Nicolet, L'Idee republicaine en Frane (1982). Sudhir Hazareesingh From Subject to Citizen: The Second Empire ad the Emergence of Modern French Democracy (1998). David Thompson, Democracy in France since 1870 (1969). Judith F. Stone, Sons of the Revolution: Radical Democrats in France, 1862-1914 (1996). Alan Grubb, The Politics of Pessimism: Albert de Broglie an Conservative Politics in the Early Third Republic (1996). Robert R. Locke, French Legitimists and the Politics of Moral Order in the Early Third Republic (1970). Week 14 (Dec. 8) - Nation-Building and the Peasantry Required: Eugen Weber, Peasants Into Frenchmen: The Modernization of Rural France 1870-1914 (1976). Edward Berenson, "Politics and the French Peasantry: The Debate Continues," Social History (May 1987). Recommended: Peter McPhee, The Politics of Rural Life: Political Mobilization in the French Countryside, 1846-1852 (1992). Peter Jones, Politics and Rural Society: The Southern Massif Central C. 1750-1880 (1985). Peter Sahlins, Boundaries: The Making of Frane and Spain in the Pyrenees (1989). Peter Sahlins, Forest Rites: The War of the Demoiselles in Nineteenth-Century France (1994). Maurice Agulhon, The Republic in the Village (1971). Ted W. Margadant, French Peasants in Revolt: The Insurrection of 1851 (1979). Suzanne Citron, Le Mythe nationale: L'histoire de France en question (1987).