Universidade Federal De Pernambuco Centro De Ciências Biológicas Programa De Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas Nível Doutorado

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Universidade Federal De Pernambuco Centro De Ciências Biológicas Programa De Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas Nível Doutorado Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Centro de Ciências Biológicas Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas Nível Doutorado Caracterização Genética de Araceae, com Ênfase em Espécies da Amazônia Brasileira MARIO CORREIA DA SILVA Recife, 2007. Silva, Mario Correia da Caracterização genética de Araceae, com ênfase em espécies da Amazônia brasileira / Mario Correia da Silva. – Recife: O Autor, 2007. 195 folhas : il., fig., tab. Tese (doutorado) – Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. CCB. Ciências Biológicas, 2007. Inclui bibliografia e apêndice. 1. Araceae – Caracterização genética – Amazônia 2. Cromossomos 3. Disploidia 4. Hibridização I Título. 582.547.1 CDU (2.ed.) UFPE 584.64 CDD (22.ed.) CCB – 2009- 091 Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Centro de Ciências Biológicas Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas Nível Doutorado Caracterização Genética de Araceae, com Ênfase em Espécies da Amazônia Brasileira Tese apresentada pelo aluno Mario Correia da Silva ao Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco – Nível Doutorado, como parte dos requisitos necessários para a obtenção do grau de Doutor em Ciências Biológicas, área de concentração em Biologia Celular e Molecular. Doutorando: Ms. Mario Correia da Silva a Orientadora: Dr Ana Maria Benko-Iseppon Recife, junho de 2007 Aos meus familiares e principalmente aos meus pais: Agenor Matias da Silva e Maria Correia Brasil (in Memorian), dedico. Caracterização Genética de Araceae, com Ênfase em Espécies da Amazônia Brasileira Correia-da-Silva, 2007. AGRADECIMENTOS Ao bom Deus, por TUDO. Aos meus familiares, em especial aos meus maiores referenciais, meus pais Agenor Matias da Silva e Maria Correia Brasil, a qual foi a melhor mãe do mundo, responsável pela minha existência. Agradeço pela sua garra e luta constante, por sua disponibilidade ao próximo, pelo amor e carinho sem limites para com os seus e com aqueles que a rodeavam, além da preocupação e cuidados exagerados de mãe. A ela que nunca mediu esforços para ajudar, que plantou a semente da sensibilidade e cultivou a fraternidade. A ela os meus mais sinceros e eternos agradecimentos por todos os momentos proporcionados na minha vida, desde a infância, adolescência e a fase adulta. A ela dedico não só este trabalho, mas também a quero homenagear com minha vida, com o meu respeito, o meu mais puro amor, com minhas árduas lagrimas no dia de sua partida e nos dias atuais; a você, minha mãe, fica a saudade. À minha orientadora Profa. Dra. Ana Maria Benko-Iseppon, pela orientação, respeito, amizade, paciência, compreensão, caráter, competência, exemplo a seguir, apoio e incentivo dispensados durante o período dos cursos de Graduação, Mestrado e Doutorado; a ela minha mais alta gratidão. À minha colaboradora Maria de Lourdes Soares, pesquisadora do Instituto Nacional de Pesquisa do Amazonas (INPA), pela sua indispensável participação durante a coleta e identificação das espécies coletadas na Amazônia (Reserva Ducke e Flona do Caxiuana), pelo acolhimento, bem como pelo empenho, atenção, sugestão, incentivo e amor pela família Araceae. Ao Dr. Simon Mayo do Royal Botanical Gardens de Kew, por sua contagiante dedicação às Araceae, pela identificação de algumas espécies e pelo apoio prestado no início do presente trabalho. Às verdadeiras companheiras Ivonez e Marisa, pela paciência, cooperação e entendimento; pelos incentivos e pela superação das dificuldades, por me aturarem durante o convívio diário do lar; pelas ausências e presenças; pela demonstração do amor fraterno através de suas atitudes nesse longo período em que passamos juntos. Obrigado por terem sido mais que irmãs. A todos meus irmãos, especialmente a Dalila e Quitéria Correia, juntamente com sobrinhos, pela forca, incentivo, credibilidade e apoio durante toda a jornada. 5 Caracterização Genética de Araceae, com Ênfase em Espécies da Amazônia Brasileira Correia-da-Silva, 2007. Aos jovens amigos, mestrandos/2007 e companheiros de bancada Diego Sotero, Geyner Alves, Hayana Azevedo e Lidiane Amorim, pela amizade, acolhimento, companheirismo, respeito, admiração, colaborações, incentivos, apoios importantes, parcerias e pelos inesquecíveis momentos de lazer e descontração, aos quais dedico minha eterna saudade. À super hiper mega e inesquecível amiga paulisbucana Dra. Kátia Brunelli, pelo seu brilho, transparência, profissionalismo, sinceridade, sensibilidade, companheirismo e carinho; pelos ensinamentos laboratoriais, colaboração no trabalho, discussões, troca de idéias e apoio; pelos oito meses de convivência mútua e intensa, sem esquecer os momentos de alegria vividos pelas ruas do Recife Antigo, Olinda, Porto de Galinhas e por último em São Paulo; pelos memoráveis “...ai Mario...”; a ela a minha amizade, carinho, enfim, o meu quase tudo. Aos demais amigos e companheiros do Laboratório de Genética e Biotecnologia Vegetal que fazem parte dos programas de Iniciação Científica (Ana Alice, Kenia Lucena, Thais Cavalcanti e Santelmo Selmo), do Mestado (Ana Carolina, Nina Mota, Alberto Vinicius e Isaac Cansanção) e aos do Doutorado em Genética e Ciências Biológicas (Ebenezer Correia, Kyria Bortoletti, Ronaldo Nali, Pedrane Barbosa e Amaro Castro); pelos momentos vividos durante o trabalho laboratorial, coletas de campo, colaboração direta e indireta, amizades e pelos momentos divertidos que passamos em conjunto, sempre habitarão em minha memória. À técnica de laboratório Claudete Marques e aos estagiários Rayara Araujo e Derovil Santos, pelos auxílios, consideração e colaboração dispensados. Aos professores que ensinam no programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas – Nível Doutorado, pela participação na minha formação profissional. Ao Prof. Dr. Reginaldo de Carvalho, pela oportunidade de estágio no Laboratório de Genoma da Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, por sua atenção e amizade. A Profa. Drª. Ana Christina Vidal (Depto. de Genética – UFPE), pelos importantes esclarecimentos de procedimentos laboratoriais, troca de experiências, participação e amizade. Aos colegas da turma de Doutorandos/2003, pelo convívio durante o cumprimento dos créditos obrigatórios, pelas amizades e incentivos. Aos colegas do Laboratório de Genética Molecular, especialmente aos mestrandos Michelly Diniz e Rodrigo Gazzaneo, pela cooperação, empréstimo de equipamentos e reagentes; pela disponibilidade e amizades. 6 Caracterização Genética de Araceae, com Ênfase em Espécies da Amazônia Brasileira Correia-da-Silva, 2007. Ao Departamento de Genética da UFPE, o qual disponibilizou toda infra-estrutra para que este trabalho pudesse se realizar; aos funcionários técnicos e administrativos, bem como, ao corpo docente, meus agradecimentos. Agradecimento especial para o funcionário Sr. Romildo, por estar sempre disponível para ajudar; pela colaboração no cultivo das Araceae; cuidados na casa de vegetação e apoio geral. À Secretaria Estadual de Saúde – SES, pela concessão da Licença de afastamento das atividades trabalhistas por quatros anos consecutivos, sem a qual não seria possível concluir mais esta etapa de minha formação profissional. Aos amigos da SES, especialmente as Superintendentes de Planejamento, Dra. Graça Pinto e Dra. Ana Cláudia Callou, as suas equipe de apoio (Josirene Inocêncio e Rosecleide Araújo), assim como as amigas Dra. Graça Revoredo, Dr. Manuel Eduardo e Sra. Marly Soares, pelos seus apoios, incentivos, cooperação e compreensão, sem os quais minha vida teria sido mais complexa. Ao Ministério da Ciência e Tecnologia, que através dos órgãos públicos Instituto Nacional de Pesquisa da Amazônia e do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, proveu a parceria por meio de Convênios entre essas instituições federais e a Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, pela cooperação tecno-científico e fomento. À Coordenação de Pós-Graduação do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi e da Estação Científica Ferreira Penna, nas pessoas da Dra. Ilma Virna e do Dr. Dario Amaral, respectivamente, pela oportunidade de trabalhar na Floresta Nacional do Caxiuanã; pela atenção e apoio promovidos durante minha estada no Campus de Pesquisa do MPEG, inclusive a disponibilização do horto botânico para cultivo provisório das Araceae na cidade de Belém – PA. Aos funcionários da Estação Científica Ferreira Penna, especialmente aos técnicos administrativos Alcy Favacho (Coordenador Setorial) e a Edson Santos (Aux. de Coordenação), pela assistência e disponibilizaçao da infra-estrutura da área administrativa da Estação sediada no Campus do MPEG em Belém – PA, e ao Coordenador da Casa de Apoio situada na cidade de Breves, Ilha do Marajó – PA, assim como ao Comandante e auxiliares do Barco Ferreira Penna, pela atenção e acolhimento. Ao Coordenador da Expedição para Flona do Caxiuanã Sr. Flávio Pimenta, pelo apoio prestado durante toda viagem A todos os funcionários da base da Estação Científica Ferreira Penna, sediada na Floresta Nacional do Caxiuanã, Melgaço – PA, especialmente aos auxiliares de campo (guias de mata) Srs. Pão e Mó, pela paciência, proteção e orientação; ao Sr. Guanabara e a 7 Caracterização Genética de Araceae, com Ênfase em Espécies da Amazônia Brasileira Correia-da-Silva, 2007. Sra. Tereza Moreira (cozinheiros), pelas refeições diárias, peixes fritos e os divertidos churrascos a beira do trapiche; a equipe de enfermagem, pelo auxilio prestado no período que estive doente; a equipe da lavanderia, por cuidarem da lavagem e secagem da roupa de campo; ao atencioso e prestativo Sr. Martins (Coordenador das voadeiras/lanchas e combustível), pela participação e compreensão;
Recommended publications
  • The Evolution of Pollinator–Plant Interaction Types in the Araceae
    BRIEF COMMUNICATION doi:10.1111/evo.12318 THE EVOLUTION OF POLLINATOR–PLANT INTERACTION TYPES IN THE ARACEAE Marion Chartier,1,2 Marc Gibernau,3 and Susanne S. Renner4 1Department of Structural and Functional Botany, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria 2E-mail: [email protected] 3Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, Ecologie des Foretsˆ de Guyane, 97379 Kourou, France 4Department of Biology, University of Munich, 80638 Munich, Germany Received August 6, 2013 Accepted November 17, 2013 Most plant–pollinator interactions are mutualistic, involving rewards provided by flowers or inflorescences to pollinators. An- tagonistic plant–pollinator interactions, in which flowers offer no rewards, are rare and concentrated in a few families including Araceae. In the latter, they involve trapping of pollinators, which are released loaded with pollen but unrewarded. To understand the evolution of such systems, we compiled data on the pollinators and types of interactions, and coded 21 characters, including interaction type, pollinator order, and 19 floral traits. A phylogenetic framework comes from a matrix of plastid and new nuclear DNA sequences for 135 species from 119 genera (5342 nucleotides). The ancestral pollination interaction in Araceae was recon- structed as probably rewarding albeit with low confidence because information is available for only 56 of the 120–130 genera. Bayesian stochastic trait mapping showed that spadix zonation, presence of an appendix, and flower sexuality were correlated with pollination interaction type. In the Araceae, having unisexual flowers appears to have provided the morphological precon- dition for the evolution of traps. Compared with the frequency of shifts between deceptive and rewarding pollination systems in orchids, our results indicate less lability in the Araceae, probably because of morphologically and sexually more specialized inflorescences.
    [Show full text]
  • Boos, J. O. 1993. Experiencing Urospathas. Aroideana 16
    JULIUS O. BOOS, 1993 33 Experiencing Urospathas Julius o. Boos 1368 Scottsdale Road East West Palm Beach Florida 33417, USA In 1988 I visited Dewey Fisk in Miami. along the Tortuguero Canal in northeastern Among his magnificent collection of aroids Costa Rica by Fred Berry. was a specimen of Urospatha in flower, the The Central American species is Uros­ first of this genus I had seen. I immediately patha grandis Schott originally described fell in love with these plants. Although they in 1857 from a specimen collected in Pan­ lack the bright colors or dramatically pat­ ama. A review of this genus is badly needed, terned leaves of some other aroid genera especially in South America. Synonyms of such as Anthurium and Alocasia, Urospa­ U. grandis include U. tonduzii Engler de­ tha, with their magnificent, large sagittate scribed in 1885 from Costa Rica, and U. leaves with purple and green patterned pet­ tuerckheimiiEngler described in 1905 from ioles and elongated spathes in muted col­ Guatemala. Urospatha jriedrichsthalii ors of bronze and ivory elegantly twisted at Schott described in 1853 (and thus the old­ their tips, possess a somber beauty you may est name) from material collected in Nic­ find hard to ignore or resist. aragua, an illustration of which accompa­ As far as it is presently known, the genus nies the generic protologue (Schott, Fig. Urospatha is found only along the Carib­ 7) is in fact a Sagittaria (possibly S. mon­ bean coast of Central America and through­ tividenis Cham. & Schlect.) in the Alis­ out the tropical lowlands of eastern South mataceae, according to Hay (1992).
    [Show full text]
  • The Genus Amorphophallus
    The Genus Amorphophallus (Titan Arums) Origin, Habit and General Information The genus Amorphophallus is well known for the famous Amorphophallus titanum , commonly known as "Titan Arum". The Titan Arum holds the plant world record for an unbranched single inflorescence. The infloresence eventually may reach up to three meters and more in height. Besides this oustanding species more than 200 Amorphophallus species have been described - and each year some more new findings are published. A more or less complete list of all validly described Amorphophallus species and many photos are available from the website of the International Aroid Society (http://www.aroid.org) . If you are interested in this fascinating genus, think about becoming a member of the International Aroid Society! The International Aroid Society is the worldwide leading society in aroids and offers a membership at a very low price and with many benefits! A different website for those interested in Amorphophallus hybrids is: www.amorphophallus-network.org This page features some awe-inspiring new hybrids, e.g. Amorphophallus 'John Tan' - an unique and first time ever cross between Amorphophallus variabilis X Amorphophallus titanum ! The majority of Amorphophallus species is native to subtropical and tropical lowlands of forest margins and open, disturbed spots in woods throughout Asia. Few species are found in Africa (e.g. Amorphophallus abyssinicus , from West to East Africa), Australia (represented by a single species only, namely Amorphophallus galbra , occuring in Queensland, North Australia and Papua New Guinea), and Polynesia respectively. Few species, such as Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Madagascar to Polynesia), serve as a food source throughout the Asian region.
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix 1. Available Information on Pollination Traits of Araceae Species with Bisexual Flowers, Including Appropriate References
    Appendix 1. Available information on pollination traits of Araceae species with bisexual flowers, including appropriate references. Confirmed pollinators, as identified by the studies cited, are shown in bold. In cases where floral visitors have been confirmed or suggested as pollinators, the remaining documented floral visitors were excluded from this list. (*) possible advertisement/ pollinator/ reward according to the studies cited. Rewards used by only one specific visitor group are indicated as: Ap: Apini, Ag: Augochlorini, Be: Beetles, Eg: Male Euglossini, Fl: Flies, Ha: Halictini, Me: Meliponini. Subfamily/Genus Species Breeding Advertisements Type of floral Dominant Floral Rewards or References system scent/time of chemical visitors/pollination resources emission scent class vectors ORONTIOIDEAE Orontium O. aquaticum L. Unknown Unknown Unpleasant Unknown Dragonflies Unknown Klotz, 1992 (fungal) Lysichiton L. americanus Facultative Floral scent Unpleasant and Lipid- Beetles: Shelter, Pellmyr & Hultén & xenogamy (spathe/spadix), strong (carrion, derived Staphylinidae Mating site, Patt, 1986; H.St.John Spathe color feces) compounds, Pollen Willson & Nitrogen- Hennon, containing 1997; Brousil compounds et al., 2015; Brodie et al., 2018 L. Facultative Floral scent Pleasant Unknown Flies: Unrewarded Tanaka, 2004 camtschatcensis xenogamy (spadix) Anthomyiidae, (L.) Schott Lauxaniidae*; Wind Symplocarpus S. foetidus (L.) Unknown Heat, Floral Unpleasant (dung, Sulfur- Stone flies: Shelter*, Moodie, Salisb. ex scent carrion)/ morning containing Nemouridae*; Pollen* 1976; W.P.C.Barton (spathe/spadix) and afternoon compounds Wind Knutson, 1979; Camazine & Niklas, 1984; Kevan, 1989; Thorington, 2000; Kozen, 2013 S. renifolius Facultative Heat, Floral Unpleasant and Unknown Flies: Pollen Uemura et al., Schott ex Tzvelev xenogamy scent (spadix), weak (carrion) Anthomyiidae, 1993; Hong & CO2* Drosophilidae, Sohn, 2003 Lauxaniidae, Fanniidae, Simuliidae, Syrphidae*; Beetles: Staphylinidae* POTHOIDEAE Anthurium A.
    [Show full text]
  • Check List 5(2): 195–199, 2009
    Check List 5(2): 195–199, 2009. ISSN: 1809-127X NOTES ON GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION Plantae, Liliopsida, Arales, Araceae, Dracontioides desciscens, Lemna aequinoctialis and Montrichardia linifera: Distribution extension and first records for state of Sergipe, Brazil José Elvino do Nascimento-Júnior Ana Paula Prata Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Departamento de Biologia. Campus Prof. José Aloísio Campos, São Cristóvão. CEP 49100-000. Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil. E-mail: [email protected] The state of Sergipe is located in the east of This work brings information of such new Brazilian northeastern, with an area of 21,910 occurrences for Sergipe and presents, in a km2, 75 municipalities and approximately 1,7 complementary manner, a dichotomous key to the million inhabitants. The flora of Sergipe occurs aquatic species of Araceae occurring in the state. in different types of vegetation and although The distribution of species was obtained by it is in a fairly advanced stage of degradation it consulting the databases SpeciesLink (CRIA has been little studied. Among the 23 families 2008) and World Checklist of Selected Plant of monocots that occur in the state, Araceae Families (2008), as well as consultations with stand out for its wide variety of forms of life literature. The maps of distribution show points of and habitats, with some terrestrial species, living occurrence only for Brazil. Details about the directly on the soil or in crevices between rocks, occurrence in other regions are commented in the while others are aquatic fixed or floating. text. About 70 % of the species of families are epiphytes, hemiepiphytes or climbing (Grayum Dracontioides Engl.
    [Show full text]
  • Anaphyllopsis: a New Neotropical Genus of Araceae-Lasieae
    A. Hay, 1988 25 Anaphyllopsis: A New Neotropical Genus of Araceae-Lasieae Alistair Hay Department of Plant Sciences South Parks Road Oxford England During the course of revising the spe­ phyllous (under normal conditions of cies of Cyrtosperma in the Far East, it growth) in C. americanum, whereas in became necessary to review generic limits Dracontioides it is rhizomatous and pol­ in the tribe Lasieae sensu Engler ( 1911 ) as phyllous, and in Dracontium it is cormous amended by Bogner ( 1973 ). It has become and monophyllous. apparent that the pantropical Cyrtosperma It is proposed here that a new genus, circumscribed by Engler (loc. cit.) is Anaphyllopsis, be erected as an alternative heterogeneous. to "lumping" Dracontium, Dracontioides Three species of Cyrtosperma have and C. americanum. Were the latter been recognized for the New World. Two course to be adopted, the resulting broad of these belong in extant genera--C. generic concept of Dracontium would be wurdackii Bunting (Urospatba) and C. inconsistent with the existing rather nar­ spruceanum (Schott) Engler (Dra­ row limits between other genera of the contium). The necessary new combina­ Lasieae such as Podolasia, Urospatba, tions are to be made elsewhere, in a Lasia and Cyrtosperma s.s. forthcoming revision of Cyrtosperma. The Two new species of Anapbyllopsis are third species, C. americanum Engler, can­ described, both, sadly, from single frag­ not be fitted into any presently recognised mentary collections. Their leaf blades genus. however, are so distinctive as to justify drawing attention to these plants as repre­ Subtribal and generic limits in the sentatives of new and apparently rare Lasieae are also to be dealt with elsewhere.
    [Show full text]
  • History and Current Status of Systematic Research with Araceae
    HISTORY AND CURRENT STATUS OF SYSTEMATIC RESEARCH WITH ARACEAE Thomas B. Croat Missouri Botanical Garden P. O. Box 299 St. Louis, MO 63166 U.S.A. Note: This paper, originally published in Aroideana Vol. 21, pp. 26–145 in 1998, is periodically updated onto the IAS web page with current additions. Any mistakes, proposed changes, or new publications that deal with the systematics of Araceae should be brought to my attention. Mail to me at the address listed above, or e-mail me at [email protected]. Last revised November 2004 INTRODUCTION The history of systematic work with Araceae has been previously covered by Nicolson (1987b), and was the subject of a chapter in the Genera of Araceae by Mayo, Bogner & Boyce (1997) and in Curtis's Botanical Magazine new series (Mayo et al., 1995). In addition to covering many of the principal players in the field of aroid research, Nicolson's paper dealt with the evolution of family concepts and gave a comparison of the then current modern systems of classification. The papers by Mayo, Bogner and Boyce were more comprehensive in scope than that of Nicolson, but still did not cover in great detail many of the participants in Araceae research. In contrast, this paper will cover all systematic and floristic work that deals with Araceae, which is known to me. It will not, in general, deal with agronomic papers on Araceae such as the rich literature on taro and its cultivation, nor will it deal with smaller papers of a technical nature or those dealing with pollination biology.
    [Show full text]
  • International Journal of Pharmacy & Life Sciences
    Research Article [Dharsana et al., 5(12): Dec., 2014:4049-4054] CODEN (USA): IJPLCP ISSN: 0976-7126 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACY & LIFE SCIENCES (Int. J. of Pharm. Life Sci.) Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective activity of Anaphyllum wightii Schott. J.N.Dharsana1*, Sr. Molly Mathew2, P.N. Baby1, Sajith Kumar1 and Diljit S. Kuttoor1 1, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pariyaram Medical College, Kannur, Kerala - India 2, Malik Deenar College of Pharmacy, Kasargode, Kerala - India Abstract Herbal medicines have traditionally been used worldwide for the prevention and treatmentof liver disease with fewer adverse effects. The tubersof Anaphyllum wightiiplant were chosen andstudied for their antioxidant activity in vitro and hepatoprotective activity in vivo. The antioxidant activity of the chloroform extract was examined in vitro using a 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) freeradical scavenging assay and super oxide scavenging assay. The extract had significant dose-dependent antioxidant activity in all in vitro experiments. The percentage of free radical scavenging by DPPH and super oxide scavenging assay values of Anaphyllum wightiiand ascorbic acid (standard) were found to be 49.02±4.11, 60.20±3.43 and 72.78±3.97 respectively. Hepatoprotective activity of the plant extract was evaluated in a rat model of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)induced liver damage. CCl4 significantly altered serum marker enzymes, total bilirubin, total protein, and liver weight. The extract caused these values to return to normal in rats with CCl4induced liver damage. This indicated the hepatoprotective potential ofAnaphyllum wightiiand was comparable to use of the standard drug silymarin. Thus, the present study revealed that Anaphyllum wightii have significant antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity.
    [Show full text]
  • Morfologia Polínica Do Gênero Urospatha Schott (Araceae
    ARTIGO DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18561/2179-5746/biotaamazonia.v3n2p68-73 Morfologia polínica de duas espécies de Urospatha Schott (Araceae), ocorrente no Estado do Amapá, Brasil. Luciedi Cássia Leoncio Tostes1, Zenaide Palheta Miranda2, Léa Maria Medeiros Carreira3 1. Mestre em Ciências Biológicas, Instituto de Pesquisa Científica e Tecnológica do Estado do Amapá, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 2. Bióloga mestre em Biodiversidade Tropical, docente do Curso de Ciências Biológicas da Faculdade de Macapá, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 3. Doutora em Ciências Biológicas (Botânica), pesquisadora titular do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] RESUMO. As espécies de Urospatha são ervas aquática, perenes que ocorrem em áreas de várzea e igapó. Apresentam grande diversidade de sinônimos, devido ao alto grau de variabilidade morfológica, o que torna complicado sua identificação, sendo assim este trabalho descreveu a morfologia polínica das espécies U. caudata (Poepp) Schott e U. sagittifolia (Rudge) Schott. Botões florais adultos foram coletados no Estado do Amapá e de amostras depositadas no Herbário Amapaense- HAMAB, e foram submetidos à acetólise para preparo de lâminas. Os grãos de pólen foram medidos, descritos e fotomicrografados. O tamanho dos grãos das espécies varia de pequeno a médio, são heteropolares, de simetria bilateral, elíptico, e em vista frontal, esferoidal. Em vista polar são monosulcados quanto ao número de aberturas; a ornamentação da exina é reticulada, variando apenas no tamanho das perfurações. O sulco é longo e acompanha o comprimento do eixo equatorial maior. As espécies não apresentam diferenças na morfologia polínica, contudo as características polínicas podem auxiliar os estudos taxonômicos.
    [Show full text]
  • Bogner, J. 1987. Morphological Variation in Aroids. Aroideana 10(2)
    4 AROIDEANA, Vol. 10, No.2 Morphological Variation in Aroids J. Bogner Menzinger Strasse 63 0-8000 Munich 19 West Germany INTRODUCTION The Araceae or aroid., are a large family or roasted (or otherwise heated) to of about 2400 species, grouped in 107 become edible. Essentially, plants have genera and these again in nine subfami­ produced poisons to protect themselves lies. The aroids are mainly a tropical from being eaten by animals. Several aroids family and are distributed world-wide. also have uses in folk-medicine. For in­ They show great variation in their mor­ stance, Acorus calamus has been used phological characters, which will be de­ since ancient times for stomach ailments. scribed in this paper along with some Tjlphonium blumei Nicolson & Sivadasan other data. is used to treat diarrhea in tropical Asia and was brought by man (probably from USES India) to Africa, Madagascar and to the Neotropics (Brazil, Venezuela), where it Many aroids are very handsome orna­ is naturalized today. The Indians in Co­ mental plants and often cultivated, to men­ lombia use Urospatha antisylleptica R. E. tion just a few: Monstera deliciosa Liebm., Schultes, Philodendron dyscarpium R. E. Dieffenbachia maculata (Ladd.) G. Don, Schultes and Anthurium tessmannii Krause Epipremnum aureum (Linden & Andre) for contraceptive purposes. Roots ofHeter­ Bunting, many Philodendron species etc. opsis spruceanum Schott are used for Monstera deliciosa also has a delicious basket-weaving and certain aroids as arrow fresh infructescence tasting like pineap­ poisons for hunting by indigenous people. ple. Others are important food plants, like These are just a few examples of the uses Colocasia esculenta (L) Schott, the Taro, of aroids, about which much more is in which the tuberous stems and the known.
    [Show full text]
  • Biosystematic Studies in the Genus Anaphyllum Schott (Araceae) of Western Ghats
    Int. J. LifeSc. Bt & Pharm. Res. 2012 Dominic V J, 2012 ISSN 2250-3137 www.ijlbpr.com Vol. 1, No. 3, July 2012 © 2012 IJLBPR. All Rights Reserved Research Paper BIOSYSTEMATIC STUDIES IN THE GENUS ANAPHYLLUM SCHOTT (ARACEAE) OF WESTERN GHATS Dominic V J1* *Corresponding Author: Dominic V J, [email protected] Anaphyllum Schott. is a genus belonging to the family Araceae with two species—Anaphyllum beddomei Engl. and Anaphyllum wightii Schott. These are unexplored, endemic and threatened plant species in South Western Ghats striving for their existence with treasures of genes with medicinal importance. Two variants of Anaphyllum wightii are noticed in the Western Ghats region throughout Kerala at an altitude of 650 - 1000 meters. Anaphyllum beddomei is observed only at an altitude of 1200-1500 meters from the Agusthya peaks of the South Western Ghats. Tribal communities use these plants as food and as antidote to snake bite. Two morphologically different variants of A. wightii (1-large and 2-small) were noticed in the present study. Morphological and anatomical variations were studied in A. beddomei and in the two variants of A. wightii. The Histo-taxonomical and biochemical prospecting envisaged in the present investigation reveal the important properties of this unexplored endemic and threatened genus and can lay the foundation for the complete cataloguing and indexing of the targeted species. The ISSR molecular marker studies indicate that the two variants of A. wightii with different morphologies have difference in their genetic constitution also. Keywords: Anaphyllum wightii, Genetic variation, Biosystematics, ISSR markers, CTAB method INTRODUCTION The tribal communities (Kani Tribes, Malasars, Genus Anaphyllum Schott.
    [Show full text]
  • Fossil Araceae from a Paleocene Neotropical Rainforest in Colombia1
    American Journal of Botany 95(12): 1569-1583. 2008. FOSSIL ARACEAE FROM A PALEOCENE NEOTROPICAL RAINFOREST IN COLOMBIA1 FABIANY A. HERRERA,2'35 CARLOS A. JARAMILLO,2 DAVID L. DILCHER,3 SCOTT L. WING,4 AND CAROLINA G6MEZ-N.2 ^Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, CTPA, Panama City, Panama; 'Florida Museum of Natural History and Geology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7800, USA; ^Department of Paleobiology, Smithsonian Museum of Natural History, Washington DC, USA Both the fossil record and molecular data support a long evolutionary history for the Araceae. Although the family is diverse in tropical America today, most araceous fossils, however, have been recorded from middle and high latitudes. Here, we report fossil leaves of Araceae from the middle-late Paleocene of northern Colombia, and review fossil araceous pollen grains from the same interval. Two of the fossil leaf species are placed in the new fossil morphogenus Petrocardium Herrera, Jaramillo, Dilcher, Wing et Gomez-N gen. nov.; these fossils are very similar in leaf morphology to extant Anthurium; however, their relationship to the genus is still unresolved. A third fossil leaf type from Cerrejon is recognized as a species of the extant genus Montrichardia, the first fossil record for this genus. These fossils inhabited a coastal rainforest -60-58 million years ago with broadly similar habitat preferences to modern Araceae. Key words: Anthurium; Araceae; Colombia; fossils; monocotyledons; Montrichardia; Paleocene; systematics. Araceae is one of the most diverse monocotyledonous fami- (-124-117 milion years ago [Ma]) of Portugal (Fig. 1; Friis lies, comprising nine subfamilies, 106 genera, and -3300 spe- et al., 2004, 2006), but this age has been questioned and re- cies (Croat, 1979; French et al., 1995; Mayo et al., 1997; mains problematic (Heimhofer et al., 2007).
    [Show full text]