DOCSLIB.ORG

Notes on the Araceae of Suriname

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

ACTA BOTANICA NEERLANDICA, Vol. 2 (3), 1953 Notes on the Araceae of Suriname BY A.M.E. Jonker-Verhoef AND F.P. Jonker Botanical Museum and Herbarium, Utrecht (Received April 14th, 1953) The list of Araceae published in 1906 by A. A. Pulle in his “Enumeration of the Vascular Plants known from Surinam” comprises 39 to 14 the species belonging genera, largest genera being Anthurium with 7 and Philodendron with It species 12 species. was found that one these of 39 species was included by mistake, for the specimen of Wullschlaegel n. 1764, which is the type Spathiphyllum blandum Schott, was erroneously assumed to have been collected in Suriname. in 1908 Tresling Already had collected a species that was not listed by Pulle, viz. Dieffenbachia picta (Lodd.) Schott. Our studies of the collections made between 1915 and 1926 by the revealed the of hitherto Forestry Department (B.W.) presence 5 unrecorded species, viz. Anthurium digitatum (Jacq.) G. Don, Dieffen- bachiapaludicola N. E. Br. ex Gleas., Heteropsisjenmanii Oliv., Philodendron guttiferum Kunth and Spathiphyllum huberi Engl. In 1937 during the expedition to the southern frontier of Suriname the Rombouts physician collected another species that proved to be the new to flora, viz. Anthurium clavigerum Pocpp.; it was previously known from Peru only. The entomologist Geyskes increased in 1939 the total number of species by two by collecting Heteropsis longispathacea Engl., so far known from Amazonian Brazil only, and the noteworthy Anthurium salviniae Hemsley, previously known from Guatemala and Yucatan. In 1944 Stahel the recorded for the first time occurrence in Suriname of the of which the genus Heteropsis, most common species, H. jenmanii Oliv., originally described from British Guiana, had already been collected several times by the Forestry Department. In 1948 A. D. Hawkes published in the Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 75, p. 633, an enumeration of the Araceae collected in 1944 Bassett His by Maguire. list contains the names of 10 species that recorded here for the time in were first as collected Suriname, 4 and of these were as new. The number of regarded entirely genera was increased viz. Schott and the by two, Stenospermation new genus The number of that Maguirea. species were said to be new to the Suriname flora and also the number of new species appeared to be when the for remarkably large figures the Araceae are compared with those for other families represented in Maguire’s collection. Though revision showed our that some of Hawkes’ identifications were in- the Maguire collections nevertheless correct, proved to contain some 350 A. M. E. JONKER—VERHOEF AND F. P. JONKER important additions to the list of Suriname Araceae, viz. five hitherto unrecorded 3 of which species, were new, viz. Anthurium maguirei A. D. Hawkes, Stenospermation maguirei Jonk. et Jonk. and Schismato- americana and glottis Jonk. et Jonk., two new genera, viz. Stenospermation Schott and Schismatoglottis Zoll. et Mor. Maguirea A. D. Hawkes, however, proved to be identical with Dieffenbachia Schott (v. infra). Finally the collections made by Lanjouw and Lindeman in 1948 proved to contain 2 species that were new for Suriname, viz. Philo- dendron jenmanii Krause, previously known from British Guiana and Amazonian Brazil, and Syngonium hastifolium Engl., known from Amazonian Brazil only. As result of our revision 18 56 and varieties a genera, species 7 of known from 4 Araceae are now Suriname; of these species are found cultivated Of the 18 as plants only. genera two are represented by a considerable number of species, viz. Anthurium Schott by 11 species and Philodendron Schott by 13 species; two of these Philodendron species be 2 varieties. The Xanthosoma Schott proved to represented by genus with of which comes next 5 species, 3 are known in Suriname as cultivated It is followed the plants only. by genus Monstera Adans. with 4 species. Both Spathiphyllum Schott and Dieffenbachia Schott have 3 species, but one of the species of Dieffenbachia is represented by 3 varieties. 2 the Represented by species are genera Dracontium L., Heteropsis Kunth, Montrichardia Crueger, Stenospermation Schott and Syngonium the Caladium Schott; whereas genera Vent., Cyrtosperma Griff., Rhodo- spatha Poepp., Pistia L., Schismatoglottis Zoll. et Mor. and Urospatha Schott are represented by a single species; the only species of the is 2 varieties. last named genus represented by The genus Colocasia Schott is also represented by a single species but the latter is cultivated only. It is that some of the above mentioned noteworthy genera have their main area in other parts of the world, viz. Cyrtosperma, of which 9 species occur in tropical Africa, Malesia, Melanesia and Polynesia and but 2 species in Amazonian Brazil and Guiana, and Schismato- in glottis, with circ. 75 species Malesia and Birma and a single species in Suriname. The genus Spathiphyllum, on the other hand, is represented in America and 1 in by 26 species tropical only Malesia. The genus Pistia, which consists of a single aquatic species, is pantropic, but all in Suriname the remaining genera occurring are confined to tropical them the smallest of America. Among Heteropsis shows area distribution, for it is restricted to Brazil and Guiana. few taxonomic and In the following paper a phytogeographic made the and There remarks are on some of genera species. are also descriptions of two new species. Dracontium L.: D. foecundum Hook.f., known from Trinidad and is be in Suriname it British Guiana, to expected as was collected twice of the River. on the British bank Corantyne Known from Suriname and D. are D. asperum K. Koch polyphyllum L. NOTES ON THE ARACEAE OF SURINAME 351 Cyrtosperma Griff.: this has but been foundin Suriname genus once and this collection has to be referred to C. spruceamm (Schott) Engl., done Pulle. not to C. americanum Engl, as was by C. americanum is known from French Guiana only. Urospatha Schott: Pulle mentioned U. hostmannii Schott only. Now material of this has been more genus collected, and this does not belong to U. hostmannii but, in our opinion, to U. sagittifolia (Rudge) Schott. We consider U. caudata (Poepp.) Schott as conspecific with the latter. According to Engler the difference would be that U. sagittifolia and and caudata smooth has a rough verrucose petiole U. a one. This towards feature, however, is of no value as the petiole is often rough the in the Gleason base and smooth upper part. too appears to have label attached come to this conclusion for he remarked on a to Jenman 5779 in the Kew herbarium: “The is smooth n. petiole at the apex but becomes rough towards the base so that U. caudata and U. sagitti- folia are one species”. The other difference mentioned by Engler, viz. the length of the main ribs in basal of denudate part of the the lobes the leaf blade, has no value either as the variability of this character is so great that no line can be drawn. U. hostmannii is regarded by the present authors as a variety of U. sagittifolia, characterized by the narrower leaves and and U. we consider U. spruceana Schott, U. decipiens Schott dubia Schott identical with this variety. Its correct name appears to be U. sagittifolia (Rudge) Schott var. spruceana (Schott) Engl. Both Schott and Engler the mention as type of U. spruceana Schott specimen “Spruce n. 945”. However, 945 is not the collector’s number but the number given to this collection in the Martius herbarium. The correct collector’s number is 1235; this number is cited both by Schott and Engler of as the type U. decipiens Schott. Anthurium Schott: in Anthurium Pulle cited 7 the genus species but one of them, viz. A. trinerve Miq. we consider conspecific with A. scandens (Aubl.) Engl., which was also cited by Pulle. The two collections referred by Pulle to A. acaule Schott do not belong to this species but to A. gracile (Rudge) Engl., a species also cited by him. To the remaining 5 species, A. D. Hawkes, l.c., added in 1948: 1°. A. galeottii (Hort.) C. Koch; the specimen cited by him, however, belongs to A. scolopendrinum (Ham.) Kunth, which was mentioned already by Pulle; 2°. A. hookeri Kunth, the specimen is named by the present authors A. crassinervium (Jacq.) Schott, see below; 3°. a new species, A. maguirei A. D. Hawkes; 4°. A. nigrescens Engl.; this is the specimen regarded by present authors as belonging to A. A. polyrrhizum C. Koch et Augustin; 5°. another new species, stahelii A. D. does this but Hawkes, which, however, not belong to genus to Philodendron Schott, and is conspecific with P. myrmecophilum Engl. Three of these species therefore have to be added to the five good species of Pulle’ s list, which brings the number to eight. To these 352 A. M. E. JONKER—VERHOEF AND F. P. JONKER eight we added as a result of the study of our unidentified material: A. salviniae Hemsh, A. clavigerum Poepp. and A. digitatum (Jacq.) Don. 11 of known from G. Consequently species Anthurium are now desirable few Suriname. It seems to give a taxonomic and phyto- notes of the of this geographic on some species genus. Noteworthy is the discovery by Geyskes of A. salviniae Hemsley in the Mts. till this known Toemoek-Hoemoek Up now species was from Guatemala and Lux and (Heyde n. 4278 [K] and Salvin s.n. [K]) Yucatan (A. Schott n. 638 [BM]). The of correct names the large-leaved rosulate not rarely cultivated which known Anthurium species are as A. crassinervium (Jacq.) Schott and A. hookeri to determine. The of Kunth, were not easy type A. hookeri, figured by Hooker in Botan.
Recommended publications
  • Understanding the Origin and Rapid Diversification of the Genus Anthurium Schott (Araceae), Integrating Molecular Phylogenetics, Morphology and Fossils

    Understanding the Origin and Rapid Diversification of the Genus Anthurium Schott (Araceae), Integrating Molecular Phylogenetics, Morphology and Fossils

    University of Missouri, St. Louis IRL @ UMSL Dissertations UMSL Graduate Works 8-3-2011 Understanding the origin and rapid diversification of the genus Anthurium Schott (Araceae), integrating molecular phylogenetics, morphology and fossils Monica Maria Carlsen University of Missouri-St. Louis, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://irl.umsl.edu/dissertation Part of the Biology Commons Recommended Citation Carlsen, Monica Maria, "Understanding the origin and rapid diversification of the genus Anthurium Schott (Araceae), integrating molecular phylogenetics, morphology and fossils" (2011). Dissertations. 414. https://irl.umsl.edu/dissertation/414 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the UMSL Graduate Works at IRL @ UMSL. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of IRL @ UMSL. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Mónica M. Carlsen M.S., Biology, University of Missouri - St. Louis, 2003 B.S., Biology, Universidad Central de Venezuela – Caracas, 1998 A Thesis Submitted to The Graduate School at the University of Missouri – St. Louis in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Biology with emphasis in Ecology, Evolution and Systematics June 2011 Advisory Committee Peter Stevens, Ph.D. (Advisor) Thomas B. Croat, Ph.D. (Co-advisor) Elizabeth Kellogg, Ph.D. Peter M. Richardson, Ph.D. Simon J. Mayo, Ph.D Copyright, Mónica M. Carlsen, 2011 Understanding the origin and rapid diversification of the genus Anthurium Schott (Araceae), integrating molecular phylogenetics, morphology and fossils Mónica M. Carlsen M.S., Biology, University of Missouri - St. Louis, 2003 B.S., Biology, Universidad Central de Venezuela – Caracas, 1998 Advisory Committee Peter Stevens, Ph.D.
  • The Evolution of Pollinator–Plant Interaction Types in the Araceae

    The Evolution of Pollinator–Plant Interaction Types in the Araceae

    BRIEF COMMUNICATION doi:10.1111/evo.12318 THE EVOLUTION OF POLLINATOR–PLANT INTERACTION TYPES IN THE ARACEAE Marion Chartier,1,2 Marc Gibernau,3 and Susanne S. Renner4 1Department of Structural and Functional Botany, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria 2E-mail: [email protected] 3Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, Ecologie des Foretsˆ de Guyane, 97379 Kourou, France 4Department of Biology, University of Munich, 80638 Munich, Germany Received August 6, 2013 Accepted November 17, 2013 Most plant–pollinator interactions are mutualistic, involving rewards provided by flowers or inflorescences to pollinators. An- tagonistic plant–pollinator interactions, in which flowers offer no rewards, are rare and concentrated in a few families including Araceae. In the latter, they involve trapping of pollinators, which are released loaded with pollen but unrewarded. To understand the evolution of such systems, we compiled data on the pollinators and types of interactions, and coded 21 characters, including interaction type, pollinator order, and 19 floral traits. A phylogenetic framework comes from a matrix of plastid and new nuclear DNA sequences for 135 species from 119 genera (5342 nucleotides). The ancestral pollination interaction in Araceae was recon- structed as probably rewarding albeit with low confidence because information is available for only 56 of the 120–130 genera. Bayesian stochastic trait mapping showed that spadix zonation, presence of an appendix, and flower sexuality were correlated with pollination interaction type. In the Araceae, having unisexual flowers appears to have provided the morphological precon- dition for the evolution of traps. Compared with the frequency of shifts between deceptive and rewarding pollination systems in orchids, our results indicate less lability in the Araceae, probably because of morphologically and sexually more specialized inflorescences.
  • Boos, J. O. 1993. Experiencing Urospathas. Aroideana 16

    Boos, J. O. 1993. Experiencing Urospathas. Aroideana 16

    JULIUS O. BOOS, 1993 33 Experiencing Urospathas Julius o. Boos 1368 Scottsdale Road East West Palm Beach Florida 33417, USA In 1988 I visited Dewey Fisk in Miami. along the Tortuguero Canal in northeastern Among his magnificent collection of aroids Costa Rica by Fred Berry. was a specimen of Urospatha in flower, the The Central American species is Uros­ first of this genus I had seen. I immediately patha grandis Schott originally described fell in love with these plants. Although they in 1857 from a specimen collected in Pan­ lack the bright colors or dramatically pat­ ama. A review of this genus is badly needed, terned leaves of some other aroid genera especially in South America. Synonyms of such as Anthurium and Alocasia, Urospa­ U. grandis include U. tonduzii Engler de­ tha, with their magnificent, large sagittate scribed in 1885 from Costa Rica, and U. leaves with purple and green patterned pet­ tuerckheimiiEngler described in 1905 from ioles and elongated spathes in muted col­ Guatemala. Urospatha jriedrichsthalii ors of bronze and ivory elegantly twisted at Schott described in 1853 (and thus the old­ their tips, possess a somber beauty you may est name) from material collected in Nic­ find hard to ignore or resist. aragua, an illustration of which accompa­ As far as it is presently known, the genus nies the generic protologue (Schott, Fig. Urospatha is found only along the Carib­ 7) is in fact a Sagittaria (possibly S. mon­ bean coast of Central America and through­ tividenis Cham. & Schlect.) in the Alis­ out the tropical lowlands of eastern South mataceae, according to Hay (1992).
  • The Genus Amydrium (Araceae: Monsteroideae: Monstereae) With

    The Genus Amydrium (Araceae: Monsteroideae: Monstereae) With

    KEWBULLETIN 54: 379 - 393 (1999) The genus Amydrium (Araceae: Monsteroideae:Monstereae) with particular reference to Thailand and Indochina NGUYENVAN Dzu'l & PETER C. BOYCE2 Summary. The genus Amydrium (Araceae) is recorded for the first time from Vietnam, with two species, A. hainanense and A. sinense, hitherto known only from China (including Hainan). Neither species was treated in the last revision of Amydrium(Nicolson 1968) and their recognition requires alterations to his account. A key to the Asian genera of Monstereaeand Anadendreae,an expanded generic description, keys to fertile, sterile and juvenile plants and a review of the genus is presented. Both newly recorded Vietnamese species are illustrated. INTRODUCTION AmydriumSchott, a genus of terrestrial subscandent herbs and root-climbing lianes occurring from Sumatra to New Guinea and from southern China to Java, was last revised by Nicolson (1968). Nicolson merged EpipremnopsisEngl. into the then monospecific Amydrium,recognizing four species in all. Since Nicolson's account two more species have been recognized: A. sinense (Engl.) H. Li and A. hainanense (C. C. Ting & C. Y Wu ex H. Li et al.) H. Li. Amydriumsinense, based upon Engler's Scindapsus sinensis (Engler 1900), was overlooked by Nicolson. Amydrium hainanense, described initially in Epipremnopsis(Li et al. 1977), was later transferred to Amydrium (Li 1979). Additionally, two species recognized by Nicolson, A. zippelianumand A. magnificum, have since been shown to be conspecific (Hay 1990; Boyce 1995). Amydriumas here defined comprises five species. Amydrium is currently placed in Monsteroideae tribe Monstereae (sensu Mayo et al. 1997) but has a chequered history of infrafamilial placement. In publishing Amydrium(then monospecific: A.
  • History and Current Status of Systematic Research with Araceae

    History and Current Status of Systematic Research with Araceae

    HISTORY AND CURRENT STATUS OF SYSTEMATIC RESEARCH WITH ARACEAE Thomas B. Croat Missouri Botanical Garden P. O. Box 299 St. Louis, MO 63166 U.S.A. Note: This paper, originally published in Aroideana Vol. 21, pp. 26–145 in 1998, is periodically updated onto the IAS web page with current additions. Any mistakes, proposed changes, or new publications that deal with the systematics of Araceae should be brought to my attention. Mail to me at the address listed above, or e-mail me at [email protected]. Last revised November 2004 INTRODUCTION The history of systematic work with Araceae has been previously covered by Nicolson (1987b), and was the subject of a chapter in the Genera of Araceae by Mayo, Bogner & Boyce (1997) and in Curtis's Botanical Magazine new series (Mayo et al., 1995). In addition to covering many of the principal players in the field of aroid research, Nicolson's paper dealt with the evolution of family concepts and gave a comparison of the then current modern systems of classification. The papers by Mayo, Bogner and Boyce were more comprehensive in scope than that of Nicolson, but still did not cover in great detail many of the participants in Araceae research. In contrast, this paper will cover all systematic and floristic work that deals with Araceae, which is known to me. It will not, in general, deal with agronomic papers on Araceae such as the rich literature on taro and its cultivation, nor will it deal with smaller papers of a technical nature or those dealing with pollination biology.
  • Schismatoglottis

    Schismatoglottis

    1 Schismatoglottideae (Araceae) in Malesia I — Schismatoglottis A. Hay and Yuzammi Abstract Hay, A. 1 and Yuzammi 1,2 (1 Royal Botanic Gardens Sydney, Mrs Macquaries Road, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia; 2 School of Biological Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2033, Australia, permanent address: Kebun Raya Bogor, Jl. Ir. H. Juanda 13, Bogor 16122, Indonesia) 2000. Schismatoglottideae (Araceae) in Malesia I — Schismatoglottis. Telopea 9(1): 1–177. Schismatoglottis Zoll. & Moritzi (Araceae) is revised for Malesia. An informal infrageneric classification, subregional keys to species and illustrations of a selection of species are provided. Generic relationships and limits, conservation status, geography and endemism, and foci for further study are discussed. Eighty-nine species are recognised and described in alphabetical order within informal groups. Of these, about one third are new to science: Schismatoglottis ahmadii A. Hay, S. bauensis A. Hay & C. Lee, S. ciliata A. Hay, S. clarae A. Hay, S. clemensiorum A. Hay, S. corneri A. Hay, S. crinitissima A. Hay, S. decipiens A. Hay, S. elegans A. Hay, S. josefii A. Hay, S. lingua A. Hay, S. moodii A. Hay, S. niahensis A. Hay, S. nicolsonii A. Hay, S. pectinervia A. Hay, S. petri A. Hay, S. pudenda A. Hay, S. pyrrhias A. Hay, S. sejuncta A. Hay, S. silamensis A. Hay, S. trusmadiensis A. Hay & J. Mood, S. unifolia A. Hay & P.C. Boyce, S. venusta A. Hay, S. viridissima A. Hay, S. wongii A. Hay (all Borneo), S. ecaudata A. Hay (Sumatera), S. bogneri A. Hay, S. edanoi A. Hay, S. samarensis A. Hay (all Philippines), and S.
  • Morfologia Polínica Do Gênero Urospatha Schott (Araceae

    Morfologia Polínica Do Gênero Urospatha Schott (Araceae

    ARTIGO DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18561/2179-5746/biotaamazonia.v3n2p68-73 Morfologia polínica de duas espécies de Urospatha Schott (Araceae), ocorrente no Estado do Amapá, Brasil. Luciedi Cássia Leoncio Tostes1, Zenaide Palheta Miranda2, Léa Maria Medeiros Carreira3 1. Mestre em Ciências Biológicas, Instituto de Pesquisa Científica e Tecnológica do Estado do Amapá, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 2. Bióloga mestre em Biodiversidade Tropical, docente do Curso de Ciências Biológicas da Faculdade de Macapá, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] 3. Doutora em Ciências Biológicas (Botânica), pesquisadora titular do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] RESUMO. As espécies de Urospatha são ervas aquática, perenes que ocorrem em áreas de várzea e igapó. Apresentam grande diversidade de sinônimos, devido ao alto grau de variabilidade morfológica, o que torna complicado sua identificação, sendo assim este trabalho descreveu a morfologia polínica das espécies U. caudata (Poepp) Schott e U. sagittifolia (Rudge) Schott. Botões florais adultos foram coletados no Estado do Amapá e de amostras depositadas no Herbário Amapaense- HAMAB, e foram submetidos à acetólise para preparo de lâminas. Os grãos de pólen foram medidos, descritos e fotomicrografados. O tamanho dos grãos das espécies varia de pequeno a médio, são heteropolares, de simetria bilateral, elíptico, e em vista frontal, esferoidal. Em vista polar são monosulcados quanto ao número de aberturas; a ornamentação da exina é reticulada, variando apenas no tamanho das perfurações. O sulco é longo e acompanha o comprimento do eixo equatorial maior. As espécies não apresentam diferenças na morfologia polínica, contudo as características polínicas podem auxiliar os estudos taxonômicos.
  • Bogner, J. 1987. Morphological Variation in Aroids. Aroideana 10(2)

    Bogner, J. 1987. Morphological Variation in Aroids. Aroideana 10(2)

    4 AROIDEANA, Vol. 10, No.2 Morphological Variation in Aroids J. Bogner Menzinger Strasse 63 0-8000 Munich 19 West Germany INTRODUCTION The Araceae or aroid., are a large family or roasted (or otherwise heated) to of about 2400 species, grouped in 107 become edible. Essentially, plants have genera and these again in nine subfami­ produced poisons to protect themselves lies. The aroids are mainly a tropical from being eaten by animals. Several aroids family and are distributed world-wide. also have uses in folk-medicine. For in­ They show great variation in their mor­ stance, Acorus calamus has been used phological characters, which will be de­ since ancient times for stomach ailments. scribed in this paper along with some Tjlphonium blumei Nicolson & Sivadasan other data. is used to treat diarrhea in tropical Asia and was brought by man (probably from USES India) to Africa, Madagascar and to the Neotropics (Brazil, Venezuela), where it Many aroids are very handsome orna­ is naturalized today. The Indians in Co­ mental plants and often cultivated, to men­ lombia use Urospatha antisylleptica R. E. tion just a few: Monstera deliciosa Liebm., Schultes, Philodendron dyscarpium R. E. Dieffenbachia maculata (Ladd.) G. Don, Schultes and Anthurium tessmannii Krause Epipremnum aureum (Linden & Andre) for contraceptive purposes. Roots ofHeter­ Bunting, many Philodendron species etc. opsis spruceanum Schott are used for Monstera deliciosa also has a delicious basket-weaving and certain aroids as arrow fresh infructescence tasting like pineap­ poisons for hunting by indigenous people. ple. Others are important food plants, like These are just a few examples of the uses Colocasia esculenta (L) Schott, the Taro, of aroids, about which much more is in which the tuberous stems and the known.
  • Fossil Araceae from a Paleocene Neotropical Rainforest in Colombia1

    Fossil Araceae from a Paleocene Neotropical Rainforest in Colombia1

    American Journal of Botany 95(12): 1569-1583. 2008. FOSSIL ARACEAE FROM A PALEOCENE NEOTROPICAL RAINFOREST IN COLOMBIA1 FABIANY A. HERRERA,2'35 CARLOS A. JARAMILLO,2 DAVID L. DILCHER,3 SCOTT L. WING,4 AND CAROLINA G6MEZ-N.2 ^Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, CTPA, Panama City, Panama; 'Florida Museum of Natural History and Geology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7800, USA; ^Department of Paleobiology, Smithsonian Museum of Natural History, Washington DC, USA Both the fossil record and molecular data support a long evolutionary history for the Araceae. Although the family is diverse in tropical America today, most araceous fossils, however, have been recorded from middle and high latitudes. Here, we report fossil leaves of Araceae from the middle-late Paleocene of northern Colombia, and review fossil araceous pollen grains from the same interval. Two of the fossil leaf species are placed in the new fossil morphogenus Petrocardium Herrera, Jaramillo, Dilcher, Wing et Gomez-N gen. nov.; these fossils are very similar in leaf morphology to extant Anthurium; however, their relationship to the genus is still unresolved. A third fossil leaf type from Cerrejon is recognized as a species of the extant genus Montrichardia, the first fossil record for this genus. These fossils inhabited a coastal rainforest -60-58 million years ago with broadly similar habitat preferences to modern Araceae. Key words: Anthurium; Araceae; Colombia; fossils; monocotyledons; Montrichardia; Paleocene; systematics. Araceae is one of the most diverse monocotyledonous fami- (-124-117 milion years ago [Ma]) of Portugal (Fig. 1; Friis lies, comprising nine subfamilies, 106 genera, and -3300 spe- et al., 2004, 2006), but this age has been questioned and re- cies (Croat, 1979; French et al., 1995; Mayo et al., 1997; mains problematic (Heimhofer et al., 2007).
  • Schismatoglottis and Apoballis (Araceae: Schismatoglottideae): a New Example for the Significance of Pollen Morphology in Araceae Systematics

    Schismatoglottis and Apoballis (Araceae: Schismatoglottideae): a New Example for the Significance of Pollen Morphology in Araceae Systematics

    TAXON 61 (2) • April 2012: 281–292 Ulrich & al. • Significance of pollen morphology in Araceae SYSTEMATICS AND PHYLOGENY Schismatoglottis and Apoballis (Araceae: Schismatoglottideae): A new example for the significance of pollen morphology in Araceae systematics Silvia Ulrich,1 Michael Hesse,1 David Bröderbauer,1 Sin Yeng Wong2 & Peter C. Boyce3 1 Department of Structural and Functional Botany, University of Vienna, 1030 Wien, Rennweg 14, Austria 2 Department of Plant Science and Environmental Ecology, Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia 3 Pusat Pengajian Sains Kajihayat [School of Biological Sciences], Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia Author for correspondence: Michael Hesse, [email protected] Abstract Pollen characters in Araceae accord well with recent DNA-based phylogenies, and here we provide a new example of “compass needle” quality in Araceae on the basis of two closely related genera, Schismatoglottis and Apoballis. All investigated Schismatoglottis pollen is psilate (smooth pollen surface) with calcium crystals covering the pollen surface. By contrast, pollen of species transferred to recently resurrected Apoballis (Apoballis acuminatissima and A. mutata) is distinctively echinate (spiny). A unique layer covers the endexine of Schismatoglottis, and the whole pollen surface of Apoballis. Our findings strongly suggest that “Schismatoglottis” species with echinate pollen fall into the genus Apoballis. Moreover, all schismatoglottid taxa perform spathe movements during anthesis to control the movement of pollinators. The spathe movements of Apoballis acuminatissima clearly differ from those known in Schismatoglottis species, and indeed are so far unique for the entire family. This, together with differ- ences in floral odour is strongly suggestive of differences in pollination ecology between the genera Schismatoglottis and Apoballis.
  • English Contents

    English Contents

    ENGLISH CONTENTS (for Color Plates, see pages 27–50) Participants ............................................................................ 174 Apéndices/Appendices (1) Geological Formations ....................................................... 296 Institutional Profiles ............................................................... 178 (2) Water Samples ................................................................... 300 Acknowledgments ................................................................... 182 (3) Vascular Plants .................................................................. 304 Mission and Approach ............................................................ 186 (4) Fish Sampling Stations ....................................................... 330 (5) Fishes ................................................................................ 332 Report at a Glance .................................................................. 187 (6) Amphibians and Reptiles ................................................... 346 Why Ere-Campuya-Algodón?.................................................... 198 (7) Birds ................................................................................. 362 Conservation Targets .............................................................. 199 (8) Large and Medium-sized Mammals ................................... 374 Assets and Opportunities ........................................................ 202 (9) Commonly Used Plants .....................................................
  • Zuluaga A., K. Cameron, T. B. Croat & M. Medecilo, 2015, Testing The

    Zuluaga A., K. Cameron, T. B. Croat & M. Medecilo, 2015, Testing The

    Zuluaga, Cameron, Croat and Medecilo, 2015 Testing the monophyly of Spathiphyllum... Testing the monophyly of Spathiphyllum, and the relationship between Asian and tropical American species. Alejandro Zuluaga and Kenneth Cameron Department of Botany University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706 Thomas Croat P. A. Schulze Curator of Botany Missouri Botanical Garden P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, MO 63166 Melanie Medecilo Biological Sciences Department, De La Salle University-Dasmarinas Cavite, Phillipines ABSTRACT the only disjunct aroid genus between the As part of a broader phylogenetic study of Old and New World Tropics. the subfamily Monsteroideae we used three plastid and one nuclear markers to test the INTRODUCTION monophyly of the genus Spathiphyllum. Our results support the tribe Spathiphylleae as With the increased application of sister of the remaining Monsteroideae, and molecular data for phylogenetic analysis, the the monophyly of Spathiphyllum. The understanding of relationships within monotypic genus Holochlamys appears nested Araceae has been improved considerably within Spathiphyllum in a clade with the (Cabrera, 2008, Cusimano, 2011, Henríquez, Asian species and S. cannifolium. However, 2014). Additionally, new fossils and support for this clade is low. The section biogeographical studies have helped to Spathiphyllum shows a high support and is elucidate the historical and current sister to the remaining species in the genus. geographic distribution patterns in the As a consequence Spathiphyllum remains as family (Nauheimer, 2012a). As a result, aroid classification has changed Aroideana VOL 38E NO 1, 2015 107 Zuluaga, Cameron, Croat and Medecilo, 2015 Testing the monophyly of Spathiphyllum... dramatically; several genera have been America (Boyce & Croat, 2013). Unlike resurrected; and new genera have been Schismatoglottis, molecular evidence for the created (Cabrera, 2008, Cusimano, 2011).