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Schismatoglottis 1 Schismatoglottideae (Araceae) in Malesia I — Schismatoglottis A. Hay and Yuzammi Abstract Hay, A. 1 and Yuzammi 1,2 (1 Royal Botanic Gardens Sydney, Mrs Macquaries Road, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia; 2 School of Biological Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2033, Australia, permanent address: Kebun Raya Bogor, Jl. Ir. H. Juanda 13, Bogor 16122, Indonesia) 2000. Schismatoglottideae (Araceae) in Malesia I — Schismatoglottis. Telopea 9(1): 1–177. Schismatoglottis Zoll. & Moritzi (Araceae) is revised for Malesia. An informal infrageneric classification, subregional keys to species and illustrations of a selection of species are provided. Generic relationships and limits, conservation status, geography and endemism, and foci for further study are discussed. Eighty-nine species are recognised and described in alphabetical order within informal groups. Of these, about one third are new to science: Schismatoglottis ahmadii A. Hay, S. bauensis A. Hay & C. Lee, S. ciliata A. Hay, S. clarae A. Hay, S. clemensiorum A. Hay, S. corneri A. Hay, S. crinitissima A. Hay, S. decipiens A. Hay, S. elegans A. Hay, S. josefii A. Hay, S. lingua A. Hay, S. moodii A. Hay, S. niahensis A. Hay, S. nicolsonii A. Hay, S. pectinervia A. Hay, S. petri A. Hay, S. pudenda A. Hay, S. pyrrhias A. Hay, S. sejuncta A. Hay, S. silamensis A. Hay, S. trusmadiensis A. Hay & J. Mood, S. unifolia A. Hay & P.C. Boyce, S. venusta A. Hay, S. viridissima A. Hay, S. wongii A. Hay (all Borneo), S. ecaudata A. Hay (Sumatera), S. bogneri A. Hay, S. edanoi A. Hay, S. samarensis A. Hay (all Philippines), and S. eymae A. Hay (Sulawesi). Hottarum sarikeense Bogner & M. Hotta is recombined as Schismatoglottis sarikeensis (Bogner & M. Hotta) A. Hay & Bogner. Newly proposed synonyms include: S. concinna Schott, S. kurimana Alderw., S. lavallei L. Linden, S. rubrocincta Engl. = S. acuminatissima Schott; S. rubiginosa M. Hotta = S. barbata Engl.; Colocasia humilis Hassk., S. acutangula Engl., S. angustifolia Engl., S. bitaeniata Engl., S. calyptratoides Alderw., S. djamuensis Engl., S. dorensis Gibbs, S. emarginata Engl., S. hellwigiana Engl., S. klossii Ridl., S. maculata Alderw., S. muluensis M. Hotta, S. nieuwenhuisii Engl., S. parvifolia Alderw., S. picta Schott, S. potamophila Alderw., S. pseudocalyptrata Alderw., S. ruttenii Alderw., S. sublaxiflora Alderw., S. tenuifolia Engl., S. vanvuurenii Alderw. = S. calyptrata (Roxb.) Zoll. & Moritzi s. lat.; S. caulescens Ridl. = S. conoidea Engl.; S. forbesii Engl. = S. longicaulis Ridl.; S. beccariana var. cuspidata Engl., S. multiflora var. latifolia Ridl. = S. mayoana Bogner & M. Hotta; S. ramosii Engl., S. rizalensis Engl. = S. merrillii Engl.; S. decora W. Bull, S. diversicolor Alderw., S. irrorata Engl., S. pulchra N.E. Br., S. winkleri Engl. = S. motleyana Schott s. lat.; S. bulbifera H. Okada, T. Tsukaya & Y. Mori = S. multiflora Ridl.; S. batoensis Engl., S. brooksii Alderw., S. leptophylla Alderw., S. monticola Alderw., S. rotundifolia Engl. = S. mutata Hook. f. s. lat.; S. sylvestris Alderw. = S. ovata Schott; Alocasia merrillii Engl. & K. Krause, S. cardiophylla Quisumb. & Merr. = S. plurivenia Alderw.; S. latifolia Miq., S. treubii Engl., S. wigmannii Engl. = S. rupestris Zoll.; S. variegata Hook. f., S. beccariana Engl., S. crassifolia Engl., S. fasciata (Ridl.) Engl., S. homalomenoidea M. Hotta, S. opaca Engl., S. ornata Alderw., S. parviflora M. Hotta = S. tecturata (Schott) Engl.; S. colocasioidea M. Hotta = S. trifasciata Engl. s. lat.; S. engleriana Alderw. = S. trivittata Hallier f.; S. conversa Alderw., S. longicuspis Engl. = S. wallichii Hook. f. The many described varieties and forms are no longer recognised as all are based on minor variations such as leaf pigment or leaf shape, which vary even within populations. Varieties and forms follow their species into synonymy and are not listed above, except where they had been segregated from the wrong species. Significant range extensions include S. brevicuspis Hook. f., S. brevipes Hook. f., S. mutata Hook. f. and S. wallichii in Sumatera, S. tecturata in the Riau Archipelago, S. longifolia Ridl. in Borneo and S. plurivenia Alderw. in Sulawesi. Schismatoglottis acutifolia Engl., S. eximia Engl., S. glauca Engl., S. penangensis Engl. and S. lancifolia Hallier f. ex Engl. are left as doubtful species, the last apparently misapplied in recent use. Schismatoglottis sumatrana Schott ex Miq. is newly excluded and recombined here in Scindapsus as Scindapsus sumatranus (Miq.) P.C. Boyce & A. Hay — of which Scindapsus rupestris Ridl. is a synonym. Thirty-three epi-, lecto- or neotypifications are newly made. 2 Telopea 9(1): 2000 Contents I. General Part Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 2 History .................................................................................................................................. 3 Relationship of Schismatoglottis and the Schismatoglottideae .................................... 5 Infrageneric classification .................................................................................................. 5 Geography and endemism ................................................................................................ 6 Conservation status ............................................................................................................8 Structure and terminology ................................................................................................ 8 Schismatoglottis, the Bogor Gardens and the Gardens Herbarium ............................ 14 Foci for further study ........................................................................................................ 16 II. Taxonomic Part Schismatoglottis .................................................................................................................. 17 Glossary of key terms ...................................................................................................... 18 Key to informal species groups ...................................................................................... 20 Keys to species and complexes by landmass or island group .................................. 20 Malay Peninsula .......................................................................................................... 20 Sumatera ........................................................................................................................ 21 Java and Nusa Tenggara .............................................................................................. 22 Borneo ............................................................................................................................ 22 The Philippines ............................................................................................................ 28 Sulawesi .......................................................................................................................... 28 Maluku and New Guinea ............................................................................................ 28 The species ........................................................................................................................ 29 Inadequately known species .......................................................................................... 167 Excluded species .............................................................................................................. 169 Acknowledgments .......................................................................................................... 170 References ........................................................................................................................ 170 Index to scientific names ................................................................................................ 173 I. General Part Introduction Schismatoglottis is a tropical genus of about 100 species, the great majority of which are Malesian and, within Malesia, Bornean. The genus extends east to Vanuatu and north to subtropical China, with a very sharp fall-off in species richness and diversity through and east of Wallacea and north of the Malay Peninsula. It is absent from India and Australia. A few Neotropical species have been described, but it is not clear if they are really congeneric with those in Asia. Virtually all species are confined to rainforest or to secondary vegetation in rainforest areas, from sea level to c. 1700 m altitude. None have a capacity for dormancy so the genus is largely excluded from strongly seasonal areas, species richness falling off very sharply as seasonality increases. While most species are terrestrial, often abundantly Hay and Yuzammi, Schismatoglottideae (Araceae) in Malesia I 3 common in the forest herb layer, a significant number are rheophytes (van Steenis, 1981) or lithophytes, sometimes restricted to particular substrates. There is a very high degree of local endemicity of species in this genus, particularly in Borneo. Most species are relatively diminutive plants, though Schismatoglottis corneri is a massive arborescent pachycaul. In about a third of the species (all related to S. calyptrata) shoot organisation is modified in a way remarkable in Araceae but not uncommon in monocotyledons, such that the stem is hypogeal and the sympodium physiognomically branched. However, the majority of species have a typical Araceous shoot organisation consisting of an epigeal
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