B a B Iii Pemaknaan Maskulinitas Dalam

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B a B Iii Pemaknaan Maskulinitas Dalam B A B III PEMAKNAAN MASKULINITAS DALAM TAYANGAN WANNA ONE GO IN JEJU Wanna One Go in Jeju merupakan suatu tayangan realitas yang menggambarkan kehidupan Wanna One sebagai seorang artis yang akan mengiklankan produk kecantikan dari brand Innisfree. Tayangan tersebut disiarkan melalui media massa berbasis online, sehingga masyarakat luar Korea pun juga bisa mengakses video tersebut dengan mudah. Media massa berperan sebagai alat penyampaian pesan kepada masyarakat yang mampu membentuk pemaknaan masyarakat. Oleh sebab itu, dalam suatu tayangan biasanya menyimpan suatu makna yang ingin disampaikan kepada masyarakat dan nantinya mampu menjadi suatu hegemoni. Begitu pula dengan Wanna One Go in Jeju yang tentunya juga memiliki pesan yang ingin disampaikan kepada masyarakat. Selain untuk mengiklankan produk Innisfree, tayangan ini juga memberikan pesan tentang maskulinitas laki-laki yang digambarkan oleh member Wanna One. Bab ini mencoba menjelaskan maskulinitas dalam tayangan Wanna One Go in Jeju dengan menggunakan analisis semiotika John Fiske, yaitu melalui level realitas, representasi, dan ideologi. Pada level realitas, teks akan dianalisis seperti penampilan (appearance), kostum (dress), lingkungan, tingkah laku (behavior), cara berbicara (speech), gesture, ekspresi, dan juga suara (Fiske, 1987:4). Setiap scene yang sesuai dengan kategori di atas. Level representasi menganilis hal-hal teknis seperti kamera, pencahayaan, editing, musik, dan suara (Fiske, 1987:4). Terakhir adalah level ideologi yang mencakup hal-hal yang diorganisasikan ke dalam koherensi dan penerimaan sosial oleh kode-kode ideologis seperti individualisme, patriarki, ras, kelas, materialisme, kapitalisme, dan lain-lain. (Fiske, 1987:3). Level ideologi didapatkan melalui hasil analisis pada level realitas dan representasi. Tayangan ini terdiri atas tiga episode dan beberapa scene diantaranya telah dipilih sesuai dengan fokus penelitian. Setelah dianalisis menggunakan semiotika Fiske, maka akan ditemukan preferred reading yang muncul dalam teks tersebut. 3.1 Kkonminam Kkonminam (꽃미남) adalah laki-laki yang memiliki wajah cantik, kulit mulus, rambut halus, dan bersikap feminim (Jung, 2011:58). Berdasarkan pengertian di atas, maka pada level realitas, kkonminam dapat dianalisis melui kategori penampilan (appearance) dan kostum (dress), di mana visual menjadi poin penting dalam pemaknaan. Scene-scene yang dianalisis seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam scene 12 shot ketiga dan kelima. (Gambar 3.1 Scene 12 shot 3) (Gambar 3.2 Scene 12 shot 5) Level realitas dimulai dengan penampilan member Wanna One. Penampilan biasanya dikaitkan dengan metafora untuk identitas, metafora ini mencakup fitur fisik (misalnya kulit, bentuk tubuh, tekstur rambut) serta pakaian dan praktik perawatan (Steele, 2005:34). Berdasarkan fitur fisiknya, tampilan seorang laki-laki kkonminam terlihat mulai dari rambut yang berwarna terang dan tertata rapi dan bekulit putih. Scene tersebut memperlihatkan Kang Daniel dan Yoon Jisung yang sedang berada di ruang makeup untuk melakukan proses syuting iklan. Hal tersebut dapat dikatakan sebagai praktik perawatan di mana kedua member tersebut melakukan touch up make up agar terlihat lebih segar. Kang Daniel sedang ditata rambutnya dan Yoon Jisung yang sedang diberi corrector agar nampak kesan flawless. Dilihat dari kostum yang digunakan, keduanya menggunakan warna terang seperti kuning dan putih. Tidak hanya Kang Daniel dan Yoon Jisung saja yang mengenakan pakaian berwarna terang, namun member lain juga mengenakan pakaian berwarna terang mulai dari episode awal hingga episode akhir. Berikut cuplikan scene yang memperlihatkan kostum member Wanna One. (Gambar 3.2 Kostum Wanna One) Pakaian-pakaian yang memiliki warna cerah seperti putih, kuning, biru muda, orange, dan pink. Pemakaian pakaian warna orange dan kuning akan menampilkan kesan kehangatan, sedangkan warna-warna seperti putih dan biru menampilkan kesan cool atau keren (Volpintesa, 2014:16). Di Korea, warna kuning memiliki makna kebahagian, dan warna biru memiliki makna dapat dipercaya (Aslam, 2006:19). Selain mengenakan warna cerah, member Wanna One juga mengenakan pakaian yang memiliki warna pastel. Warna pastel didapatkan melalui percampuran warna putih dengan warna-warna lainnya sehingga memancarkan kelembutan (Volpintesa, 2014:17). Berdasarkan warna pakaian yang mereka pakai, para member Wanna One ini ingin menampilkan kesan laki-laki yang hangat, lembut, tapi juga tetap terlihat keren. Kemudian di level representasi, yaitu pada kategori kamera, tipe shot yang digunakan pada scene di atas menggunakan medium shot (MS) high angle yang digunakan untuk menampilkan gerakan-gerakan tangan saat duduk (tidak berpindah-pindah tempat). Tipe shot ini ingin menujukkan aktivitas “merias” para member Wanna One (Kang Daniel dan Yoon Jisung). High angle di sini berfungsi agar khalayak dapat fokus pada bagian wajah Kang Daniel dan Yoon Jisung. Pada kategori eding atau penyuntingan, konsep kkonminam kembali ditonjolkan melalui caption yang dibubuhkan pada scene tersebut. Caption tersebut tertulis 모두 함께 꽃단장 (modu hamkke kkotdanjang) yang artinya semuanya bersama-sama menjadi bunga. Bunga di sini yang dimaksud adalah member Wanna One yang sedang dimakeup agar semakin cantik (memperindah penampilan). Gambar bunga pada caption untuk memperjelas maksud caption dan warna putih biru melambangkan kualitas tinggi sosok yang dapat dipercaya. (Gambar 3.4 Scene 21) Scene 21 hanya dianalisis dari segi gesture dan ekspresi pada level realitas, karena pada scene tersebut hanya menampilkan ekspresi di mana para member (Bae Jinyoung, Park Woojin, dan Yoon Jisung) setelah menggunakan seed serum. Ketiganya kompak tersenyum samapi memperlihatkan gigi mereka serta mata yang mengecil menunjukkan ekspresi bahagia setelah menggunakan seed serum tersebut. Ekspresi tersebut biasanya dilakukan oleh aktris saat membintangi iklan kecantikan. Mereka ingin memperlihatkan kecantikannya setelah menggunakan seed serum. Gesture yang ditunjukkan adalah dengan menaruh kedua telapak tangan di bawah dagu sehingga membentuk seakan-akan wajah mereka adalah bunga, menunjukkan image Wanna One sebagai laki-laki kkonminam/flower boy. Level representasi yang dapat dianalisis dari scene tersebut adalah teknik kamera dan penyuntingan. Teknik kamera yang digunakan adalah medium shot (MS), teknik ini berfungsi untuk memberikan detail pada wajah seseorang dan gesture mereka (Semedhi, 2011:55). Kamera ingin memancarkan kecantikan mereka sebagai seorang kkonminam dengan detail penampilan mereka yang berambut terang, kostum cerah yang mereka pakai, ekspresi layaknya aktris iklan kecantikan, dan juga gesture agar menyerupai bunga. Unsur-unsur tersebut masuk dalam kategori kkonminam. Teknik penyuntingan yang dilakukan adalah dengan menambahkan caption untuk mempertegas penggambaran scene tersebut. Caption tertulis “아이 촉촉해” (ai chochokhae) yang artinya “wah sangat melembutkan” untuk memperjelas ekspresi dari ketiga member. 3.2 Aegyo Istilah aegyo adalah gabungan antara membuat ekspresi dan suara yang lebih girly dan manis (Jung, 2011:254). Aegyo menggambarkan tingkah laku kekanak- kanakan yang dilakukan dengan sadar untuk membangkitkan hasrat dan ketertarikan, dan juga termasuk ekspresi wajah dan gerak tubuh serta modulasi suara yang berlebihan (Fuhr, 2017:289). Di Korea, aegyo dilakukan oleh seseorang untuk menunjukkan kasing sayang kepada seornag teman, keluarga, ataupun orang tersayang. Aegyo juga dilakukan untuk membujuk orang agar dapat dipenuhi permintaannya layaknya anak-anak. Untuk menganalisisnya dalam level realitas, maka dipilih kategori-kategori seperti behavior, speech, gesture, dan ekspresi agar lebih mendapatkan pemaknaan yang tepat. Scene yang masuk dalam kategori ini adalah scene 10, 19, 20, dan 21. Pada scene 10, diambil dua shot yang masuk dalam kategori aegyo yaitu shot 35 dan 45. Shot 35 adalah shot di mana Lee Daehwi berakting sesudah menggunakan seed serum, sedangkan shot 45 di mana Bae Jinyoung juga memeragakan hal yang sama. (Gambar 3.5 Scene 10 shot 35) (Gambar 3.6 Scene 10 shot 45) Scene di atas, dalam level realitas akan dianalisis melalui behavior, speech, gesture, ekspresi, dan suara, karena aegyo memadukan unsur-unsur tersebut. Baik Lee Daehwi maupun Bae Jinyoung, keduanya sedang berakting sesudah memakai seed serum. Dilihat dari segi behavior, keduanya menunjukkan sikap girly, yang dipadukan dengan gesture tangan yang membentuk seperti bunga. Hal itu dilakukan untuk menampilakan kesan imut. Lee Daehwi meletakkan kedua tangan ke pipinya sehingga membentuk seperti sebuah bunga, seakan-akan wajahnya adalah bunga. Sementara Bae Jinyong menambah gesture berkedip agar efek girly lebih menonjol. Cara berbicara (speech) mereka pun menyerupai cara berbicara anak kecil perempuan yang manja serta menggunakan nasal voice. Ekspresi keduanya pun juga menunjukkan ekspresi manja yang biasanya dilakukan oleh anak kecil. Suara yang dihasilkan adalah direct voice, yaitu suara yang dihasilkan oleh orang itu sendiri. Lee Daehwi menunjukkan suara lembut khas perempuan dalam iklan kosmetik, sedangkan Bae Jinyoung menunjukkan suara khas anak kecil dengan nasal voice. Bentuk-bentuk tersebut dapat dikategorikan sebagai aegyo, sebagaimana pengertian yang telah dijelaskan di atas. Level representasi yang ditampilkan pada scene tersebut dapat dianalisis melalui teknik kamera (pengambilan gambar) dan penyuntingan (editing). Agar kesan aegyo dapat ditonjolkan, teknik kamera yang digunakan dalam scene tersebut adalah medium close up (MCU). Teknik ini digunakan untuk menonjolkan
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