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Prose Rhythm in the Orations and Epistles of Marcus Antonius Muretus

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University of Kentucky UKnowledge University of Kentucky Master's Theses Graduate School 2009 PROSE RHYTHM IN THE ORATIONS AND EPISTLES OF MARCUS ANTONIUS MURETUS Miller Stanley Krause University of Kentucky, [email protected] Right click to open a feedback form in a new tab to let us know how this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Krause, Miller Stanley, "PROSE RHYTHM IN THE ORATIONS AND EPISTLES OF MARCUS ANTONIUS MURETUS" (2009). University of Kentucky Master's Theses. 599. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_theses/599 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in University of Kentucky Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ABSTRACT OF THESIS PROSE RHYTHM IN THE ORATIONS AND EPISTLES OF MARCUS ANTONIUS MURETUS Marcus Antonius Muretus, the sixteenth century French and Italian Humanist orator and professor, employed, in his orations and, to a lesser degree, in his epistles, a system of metrical prose rhythm (numerus) consistent with Ciceronian practice. Muretus did not, however, seek to employ accentual prose rhythms (cursus) characteristic of medieval prose; nevertheless, such rhythms arose naturally in his work as a byproduct of metrical prose rhythm. These findings, confirmed by statistical analysis, are congruent with the assumption that Humanist authors preferred Ciceronian stylistics to those associated with the “middle ages,” in accord with the tripartite Humanist narrative of history, in which the Humanists usher in a Renaissance of learning and elegance lost by preceding centu- ries. KEYWORDS: Humanism, Marcus Antonius Muretus, Numerus, Prose Rhythm, Cursus Miller Stanley Krause Author’s Signature May 1, 2009 Date PROSE RHYTHM IN THE ORATIONS AND EPISTLES OF MARCUS ANTONIUS MURETUS By Miller Stanley Krause Dr. Terence Tunberg Director of Thesis Dr. Milena Minkova Director of Graduate Studies May 1, 2009 Date RULES FOR THE USE OF THESES Unpublished theses submitted for the Master’s degree and deposited in the University of Kentucky Library are as a rule open for inspection, but are to be used only with due re- gard to the rights of the authors. Bibliographical references may be noted, but quotations or summaries of parts may be published only with the permission of the author, and with the usual scholarly acknowledgments. Extensive copying or publication of the thesis in whole or in part also requires the con- sent of the Dean of the Graduate School of the University of Kentucky. A library that borrows this thesis for use by its patrons is expected to secure the signature of each user. Name Date THESIS Miller Stanley Krause The Graduate School The University of Kentucky 2009 PROSE RHYTHM IN THE ORATIONS AND EPISTLES OF MARCUS ANTONIUS MURETUS THESIS A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the College of Arts and Sciences at the University of Kentucky By Miller Stanley Krause Lexington, Kentucky Director: Dr. Terence Owen Tunberg, Professor of Classics Lexington, Kentucky 2009 Copyright © Miller Stanley Krause 2009 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The following thesis, while an individual, benefited from the insights and direction of several people. First, my Thesis Chair, Terence Tunberg, exemplifies the high quality of scholarship to which I aspire. In addition, he provided texts that are unfortunately diffi- cult to find, even in an age of electronic editions and generally inexpensive reprints; in- deed, it is a shame that some of the greatest authors of the sixteenth century are not more commonly accessible. Next, I wish to thank the remainder of the Thesis Committee, Milena Minkova and Jane Phillips, who provided insights that challenged my thinking. I should also like to thank Sandra Inés Ramos Maldonado for suggesting several interest- ing works on prose rhythm among Humanist authors. Finally, thanks to Marie-Pia Guer- bet for correcting typographical errors in French. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements............................................................................................................ iii List of Tables ..................................................................................................................... vi Chapter One: The History of Prose Rhythm....................................................................... 1 Ciceronian Rhythm ......................................................................................................... 4 Narrowing of Ciceronian Rhythm and the Use of Historical Rhythm............................ 7 Accentual Rhythm (Cursus)............................................................................................ 8 Humanist Rediscovery of Prose Rhythm...................................................................... 11 Leonardus Brunus Arretinus (Leonardo Bruni of Arretino)..................................... 12 Johannes Antonius Campanus (Giovanni Antonio Campano) ................................. 15 Baptista Guarinus (Battista Guarino)........................................................................ 16 Prose Rhythm as a Subject of Humanist Study ............................................................ 17 Iacobus Ludovicus Strebaeus (Jacques-Louis d’Estrebay)....................................... 17 Iovita Rapicius (Giovita Rapicio) ............................................................................. 20 Marcus Antonius Muretus (Marc-Antoine Muret) ....................................................... 21 Chapter Two: Methodology.............................................................................................. 24 Principles of Sampling.................................................................................................. 25 Metrical Data Collection........................................................................................... 25 Accentual Data Collection ........................................................................................ 29 Observed and Expected Frequencies ............................................................................ 30 In Metrical Data ........................................................................................................ 30 In Accentual Data ..................................................................................................... 33 Goodness-of-Fit Tests................................................................................................... 34 Pearson’s Chi-Square Test........................................................................................ 35 G-Test or Likelihood Ratio Test............................................................................... 37 Interpreting the Results of the Goodness-of-Fit Tests .............................................. 38 Significance of Individual Clausulae............................................................................ 40 Testing the Length of Clausulae ................................................................................... 40 Chapter Three: Oratorical Clausulae ................................................................................ 43 Preferred Patterns.......................................................................................................... 45 Specific Patterns of Interest .......................................................................................... 46 Patterns 23 and 24 ( – – – and – – – – )..................................................... 47 Paterns 9–16 (– ) ................................................................................................. 48 Patterns 27 and 28 ( – – – and – – – – )..................................................... 53 Pattern 18 (– – ) ........................................................................................... 54 Conclusions................................................................................................................... 54 Chapter Four: Diachronic Analysis of the Orations ......................................................... 55 Comparison of Syllable Distributions........................................................................... 58 The Clausulae of Muretus’ Earlier Orations................................................................. 59 iv Chapter Five: Epistolary Clausulae .................................................................................. 63 Specific Patterns of Interest .......................................................................................... 65 Patterns 9 through 16 (– ).................................................................................... 66 Pattern 18 (– – ) ........................................................................................... 68 Patterns 21–24 (– – )........................................................................................... 68 Patterns 27–28 (– – – )........................................................................................ 70 Conclusions................................................................................................................... 71 Chapter Six: Comparison of the Orations and the Epistles .............................................. 72 Syllable Distribution ..................................................................................................... 72 Chi-Square Test of Homogeneity ................................................................................
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