Farmers' Institute Meeting Fruit Pit Or Baldwin Spot

^URislativfl 4^ 9 WOV 301911 /?! ftbe Sun. Eleventh Year—No. 4 Orand Forks, B. C, Friday, November 24, 1911. $1.00 Per Year in Advance; er, Delicious and Rome Beamy were suited to the same location. Farmers' Institute Meeting The profits of an orchard depend Fruit Pit or Baldwin Spot ed oo the varieties planted. The There wu a good attendance at In answer to questions after con speaker emphasized the importance This disease of apples has been re proven absolutely valueless. Scien the general meeting of the Kettle cluding his address, Mr. Cooper of planting as few varieties as possi ported to the department from prac tists are now thoroughly agreed in Valley Farmers' Institute laat Mon stated that Milo maize was planted ble in commercial orchards. In an tically every apple growing section designating it as a physiological day evening in spite of the disagree in rows 3\ feet apart. After it came orchard containing ten varieties it of the province this year. Not only trouble in lbe same class aa water- able weather tbat prevailed. The up it wus thinned in the rows to 8 in. wis almost impossible to do the is the interior affected, but the coast core. proceedings proved of unusual in apart. The straw was good Inr fod work right, as each variety required as well, while probably the greatest Tbe true Baldwin spot of New terest, and the addresses delivered der, and the grain made splendid different care, and to give them all losses are reported from the most York state, tbe true bitter rot of the -were the most instructive yet heard feed for cattle, horses, hogs and proper treatment would nece«sity prominent fruit sections. During middle west, tbe true apple scab or at an institute meeting. President chickens. Forty bushels of maize the employment of an expert. If the last six weeks enquiries on tbe black spot, are all fungus diseases, " A. B. Tweddle president. per acre had been harvested in Col all the trees were of one variety, subject huve increased greatly, indi and the life history of the organism, W. A. Cooper prefaced bis report orado. Tbe seed would probably they could all be treated alike. He eating a rapid development of the like that of typhoid and tuberculo of tbe sixth annual Dry-Farm eost freaa f 1.50 to (2.00 per bushel. would rather have a ten-acre orchard disease just previous to and follow sis, is well known to investigators. ing Congress at Colorado Springs by The Rock Island railway would ol one v ariety than one containing ing shipment. °' The disease above described is none reading a letter from the deputy likely be able to furnish tbe inform half a dozen varieties. In conclud During tha season of 1909 a sim of tbese. minister of agriculture, thanking ation where the seed could he ob ing his address, Mr. Honsberger ilar outbreak occurred, though not . Wbile the absolute cause is un tbe British Columbia delegates for tained. He bad seen a demonstia- urged the fruit growers of valley to to as great an extent as tbis year. known, tbeie have been discovered their attendance! tion of a power plow and barrow at stay with the old varieties until In some cases tbere bave been losses oertain inducing causes. These are: Mr. Cooper aaid that sihce the Colorado Springs, and he thought the newer ones had been thoroughly up to 25 per cent of the fruit picked, 1. Light yields of soppy, usually congress wee first organized in Utah they could be operated successfully tested. and we are advised of other cases large, fruit, six yean age it bad rapidly grown in the commercial orchards in this Tom Powers thought the Wag when large shipments bave bad to 2. Heavy wood growth, from two botb in membership and utility. valley. = ener apple water cored too much. be sacificed on arrival because of de to four or live feet in length. It was now an international organ Mr. Honsberger did not think this velopment in transit. The light yields and heavy growth J. D. Honsberger delivered an ization, and this year delegates were would prove a drawback if the tree* This trouble goes under a confus are due to the following causes: address on ''The Varieties of Apples present from all the western states were not over irrigated. ing variety of names. Tbe principal 1. A heavy crop the previous year Suitable for the Kettle Valley." On and provinces. Next year the' con In answer to questions, Mr. Hons lines commonly given by fruit grow 2. Young trees. account to tbe apple growing gress will be held in Lethbridge, berger said tbat apple trees should ers are: Baldwin spot, fruit spot, 3. Heayy winter pruning. industry not having been carried on Alta. be planted thirty feet apart. Spys dry rot, bitter rot, brown rot, physi 4. Excess of water by rainfall, in tbis valley on a commercial basis Tbe term dry-farming was now thrived best in poor soil, but in » ological dry rot, and fiuit pit. In seepage or irrigation. for any length of time, some of tbe generally applied to districts in warm place. Liberal irrigation Germany tbe common name is 5. Clean cultivation. newer varieties bave not been fully which the annual precipitation was would prevent the Mcintosh Red ap rtippon and Btippich norden, and 6. Nitrogen in the soil in excess tested, and it is difficult to name tbe less than 20 inches, wbere crops ples from falling off. bitter pit in South Africa. No scien over potash and phosphoric acid. varieties most suitable for tbis dis were successfully grown by a scien tific name has been given because 7. Unhealthy or winter injured trict. A list of tbe varieties genei- Tom Powers said he had been ex tific tillage of tbe soil. Fifty-live no specific cause bas yet b> en dis trees. ully planted throughout thc prov perimenting lately in making ce per cent of the world's land surface covered. Any one or any combination of ince embraces the Wealthy, Mcin ment pipe for irrigation purposes. received less than 20 inches precipi DESCRIPTION. tbe above conditions may be suffic tosh Hed, Wagener, Jonathan, Tbe cement pipe, he said, could tie tation. Mr. Cooper quoted local nie Wben usually noticed the ap ient to bring on fruit pit. Grimes' Golden, Rome Beauty, made at one-halt the cost of wood teorological to show tbat during tin pearance is that of roundish brown Tbe remedies are: Winesap, Spy, Spitzenberg, De banded pipe. Wood pipe cost 43 past two or three years the precipi spots, just below Ibe surface of the __*. A good, heavy crop of fruit. licious, Yellow Newton, King Da cents a foot, whereas tbe material tation in tbe Kettle valley hail skin of the apple, or perhaps up to 2. A reasonable growth, consist vid, Red Cheek Pippin, Transcen- for cement pipe only cost 9 cents. ranged between 12 and 16 inches one-fourth of an inch deep. When ent with the age, size aud health of dant and Hyslop crabs. Tbe first Tbe danger of too greatj s The season of the year in which the near tbe surface there is smaller cir the tree. point tbe orchardist sbould take in pressure on cement pipe could precipitation occurred made a vast cular depression just above the spot. To secure heavy orop* aod a ma to consideration was to secure trees be overcome, he thought, by difference in the growing of crop*. On thu colored portion of the apple, ture growth, tbe following are of hardy enough to withstand our pumping the water to the highest this depression is surrounded by importance: He bad noticed one peculiarity climate. A few other things to look point on the bank of the river, and slightly deeper color, and on the 1. Rational winter pruning, re on bis trip to Colorado Springs, i.e., for in a tree were early bearing, then merely allowing it to flow down green parrs of the apple tbe depres- placed by summer prumug if abso in every farming district some one productiveness, economy iu -hand grade. .-.ionjMkMlr green, changing later lutely necessary. variety of weeds predominated. ling tbe tree and the fruit, and the Oh motion of Messrs. Lawrence to brmn^ The brown spot is pithy 2. The maintenance of the proper At Salt Uke City he had seen the kind of an apple tbat the people and Clark, the speakers of the even in character, dry and comparatively moisiure supply, less irrigation, finest kind of Wealthy apples grown want. Tbe speaker thought the ing were tendered a hearty vote of tough. Tbe spots are generally from proper draiuage. at an altitude of 7000 feet, and good orchardists of tbis valley were mak thanks. 1-0" to 3 16" in diameter, and of 3. Less clean cultivation. Put the peaches were grown at an altitude of ing a mistake ia planting all winter After adjournment a debate was not quite tbe same depth. orchard in sod if necessary. 4000 feet. apples. There not enough early arranged for tbe next meeting of the 4. Increase the amount of soil The exhibit of dry-farming pro apples grown. This year tbe early institute. Tbe subject to be dis As the trouble develops more spots nitrogen by lessening cultivation, by ducts, wbich was made in' large and late fall varieties had been tbe cussed is: "Resolved, that the Wag occur, and finally the brown may putting the orchard in sod, or tents, at tbe congress, was superb.

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