The Life and Legacy of Moses Tunda Tatamy, C. 1695

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

The Life and Legacy of Moses Tunda Tatamy, C. 1695 2 Markey Acknowledgements I would like to first dedicate this project to the Delaware Nation. It is my hope that this research will be used by others to improve interpretations of colonial history in Pennsylvania. I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Mr. Kerry Holton, former President of the Delaware Nation, for being supportive of my efforts to make this story known. I would also like to thank my academic advisor and mentor, Dr. Jane Haladay, for her excellent guidance and patience in overseeing this project to completion. I would also like to thank Dr. Teagan Decker and the Esther G. Maynor Honors College for giving me the opportunity to complete this project. I am also thankful for the support of Pennsbury Manor and Ms. Mary Ellen Kunz for sparking my interest in the history of Pennsylvania’s Indigenous people and for making me aware of the need for more research on this subject. It was during a summer internship at Pennsbury when I first ran across the name Moses Tunda Tatamy. This project would also not be possible had it not been for the help of several organizations, libraries, and archives including the support staff at Haverford College, the Pennsylvania State Archives, the Historial Society of Pennsylvania, and the American Philosophical Society. Finally, I would like to thank my parents, David and Wendy Markey; my grandparents, David and Carolyn Markey; my sister, Julia Markey; and best friend, Christian Locklear, for their continual support of my ongoing academic endeavors. This project would not have been possible without the support of all of these individuals. 3 Markey Abstract The first time I encountered the name Moses Tunda Tatamy was while conducting research on William Penn’s early relationship with the Delaware Indians in the late seventeenth century. I stumbled upon one of Tatamy’s original letters addressed to Israel Pemberton, Jr. and was intrigued. As I began to find bits and pieces of Tatamy’s story, I questioned why such an influential Delaware man in Pennsylvania’s history remains relatively unkown. Despite having an entire town named after him and a state historical marker, Tatamy’s story remains relatively incomplete and underappreciated in Pennsylvania’s public memory. In fact, Indigenous people are underrepresented in Pennsylvania’s public memory in general. This annotated bibliography was created to delineate a number of primary and secondary sources relating to the life and legacy of Moses Tunda Tatamy. Not only do these sources help recreate the story of Tatamy’s life, but they show an Indigenous response to colonialism in eighteenth century Pennsylvania. The unique way in which Tatamy responded to a host of colonial pressures demonstrates the power of agency amongst historically oppressed people advocating for justice. This annotated bibliography will provide the framework for future research and discussion. It is my hope that this research will encourage people to use the story of Moses Tatamy to spark conversations about the Delaware experience in colonial Pennsylvania and how it can be better represented and taught throughout the state. 4 Markey Methodology For the purposes of this annotated bibliography, it was my intent to identity and locate any primary or secondary source that explicitly mentioned the name of Moses Tatamy, or was written by Moses Tatamy himself. To do this, I first located books relating to Delaware and early Pennsylvania history. Any book that mentioned Tatamy was included in this annotated bibliography. I then used these secondary sources as a guide to finding relavant primary source materials. Because I was limited in my abilities to travel to Pennyslvania during the semester, I was not able to include all of the primary sources I know exist relating to Tatamy. For example, I know land records relating to Tatamy are located in the Pennsylvania State Archives in Harrisburg, PA, but I did not get a change to look at them. However, I did have time to visit Haverford College’s Quaker and Special Collections library, which is where most of the primary sources in this annotated bibliography were found. While I did use secondary sources to help me locate some primary sources, I did stumble across primary source documents relating to Tatamy just by looking through a number of boxes of material in the Native American collections. I will note that locating these types of primary sources is tedious and difficult, as many of the documents are not labeled or transcribed. I also note that some of the sources in this document may contradict one another, which is not uncommon. It is also to be noted that most of the sources about the Delaware were written by colonial figures, and it is important to account for the potential biases of the authors of these documents. Despite these considerations, each of these sources adds valuable information and context to recreate the story of Moses Tatamy and the world he lived in. 5 Markey Note on Language Before reading into the different sources and their annotations, it is important to clarify a few details on language and my selected use of terms. The first is the use of the name of the Lenape or Delaware. The term “Lenape” refers to the indigenous people historically living along the Delaware River and its watershed from the present day states of New York to Delaware. The word “Lenape” was used by the Native people in this region and translates loosly to “the people.” The name “Delaware” is not Indigenous, but is rather the name colonists used to describe the Lenape living along the Delaware River. The name Delaware comes from the name of Thomas West, 3rd Baron De La Warr, an English politician. In this paper, I use the names “Lenape” and “Delaware” interchangeably. The second detail to clarify is the different spellings of Moses Tatamy’s name. Throughout my research, I have encountered a host of possible spellings, the two most popular being, “Tatamy” and “Tetamie.” For the purposes of this paper, I have decided to use the most popular and most common modern spelling of Tatamy. As far as pronounciation, my research points to the popular notion that Tatamy is pronounced with a long, “a” in the first syllable, which explains why it is also commonly spelled with an, “e.” I will also clarify that Moses was not Tunda Tatamy’s original name, but was given to him after working with missionary David Brainerd to symbolize the leadership of the Biblical Moses. 6 Markey The Life and Legacy of Moses Tunda Tatamy, c.1695 - c.1761: An Indigenous Response to Colonialism in Eighteenth Century Pennsylvania; An Annotated Bibliography Primary Sources: Manuscript Collections: Tetamie’s Account of the Indian Complaints (vol. 1, 65A-65H), Philadelphia Yearly Meeting Records, Haverford College Special Collections, Haverford, PA. In this document, Tatamy gives an account of Indian complaints and concerns after removing his family from his plot along the Forks of the Delaware to New Jersey for their safety following violent French and Indian War tensions. In this account, Tatamy notes that he found it no longer safe to live at his place in the Forks, so he crossed to the other side of the river and lived with Colonel John Anderson for some time. Tatamy also notes leaving Anderson’s to attend the Treaty at Crosswicks on January 8-9, 1756. He later states that he settled for some time at Maidenhead, currently Lawrenceville, New Jersey, from where he removed to Pennsbury (note Tatamy was present at the Pennsbury Treaty in 1735). It is during this time that Tatamy becomes increasingly involved with provincial officials, serving as a translator. Pemberton’s Letter from Moses Tetamie, 1756-06-06 (vol. 1, 351A-351B), Philadelphia Yearly Meeting Records, Haverford College Special Collections, Haverford, PA. This letter is addressed to Israel Pemberton from Moses Tatamy. Tatamy mentions that he has been at Bethlehem and Easton discussing affairs of the 7 Markey Indians and thanks Pemberton for his support. He signs the document as Pemberton’s “humble servant.” Pemberton’s Letter from Moses Tetamie, 1758-03-08 (vol. 1, 427A-427D), Philadelphia Yearly Meeting Records, Haverford College Special Collections, Haverford, PA. In this letter, Moses Tatamy requests the help of Israel Pemberton in searching for records relating to the New Jersey Indians who granted power of attorney to Thomas Store, Moses Tatamy, Stephen Calvin, Issac Still, and John Pumpshire to carry out their further business relating to the selling of their lands. All five of these individuals were members of David Brainerd’s congregation. Tetamie’s Account of the Walking Purchase, 1757 (vol. 1, 407A-407D), Philadelphia Yearly Meeting Records, Haverford College Special Collections, Haverford, PA. In this document, Tatamy gives a traditional Delaware account of the Walking Pruchase of 1737. This account of the Walking Purchased was used at the meetings at Easton. In his account, Tatamy is able to recount a representation of Delaware history and provide clear evidence against the proprietors. Parts of the digital format of this document are illegible and need to be revistited. Pemberton’s Letter from Moses Tetamie, 1760-11-24 (vol. 4, 055A-055B), Philadelphia Yearly Meeting Records, Haverford College Special Collections, Haverford, PA. This letter is addressed to Israel Pemberton from Moses Tatamy. The cover of the letter reads, “expecting to die soon.” Tatamy writes from Maidenhead and notes 8 Markey that he is staying with Edmund Bainbridge and is expected to die any day. Tatamy discloses he has made a will and has appointed Pemberton and Bainbridge as executors. Report of Charles Thompson & Christian Frederick Post, Messengers to the Indians, to Governor Denny of Pennsylvania, 1758-06-07 (vol.
Recommended publications
  • The Principal Indian Towns of Western Pennsylvania C
    The Principal Indian Towns of Western Pennsylvania C. Hale Sipe One cannot travel far in Western Pennsylvania with- out passing the sites of Indian towns, Delaware, Shawnee and Seneca mostly, or being reminded of the Pennsylvania Indians by the beautiful names they gave to the mountains, streams and valleys where they roamed. In a future paper the writer will set forth the meaning of the names which the Indians gave to the mountains, valleys and streams of Western Pennsylvania; but the present paper is con- fined to a brief description of the principal Indian towns in the western part of the state. The writer has arranged these Indian towns in alphabetical order, as follows: Allaquippa's Town* This town, named for the Seneca, Queen Allaquippa, stood at the mouth of Chartier's Creek, where McKees Rocks now stands. In the Pennsylvania, Colonial Records, this stream is sometimes called "Allaquippa's River". The name "Allaquippa" means, as nearly as can be determined, "a hat", being likely a corruption of "alloquepi". This In- dian "Queen", who was visited by such noted characters as Conrad Weiser, Celoron and George Washington, had var- ious residences in the vicinity of the "Forks of the Ohio". In fact, there is good reason for thinking that at one time she lived right at the "Forks". When Washington met her while returning from his mission to the French, she was living where McKeesport now stands, having moved up from the Ohio to get farther away from the French. After Washington's surrender at Fort Necessity, July 4th, 1754, she and the other Indian inhabitants of the Ohio Val- ley friendly to the English, were taken to Aughwick, now Shirleysburg, where they were fed by the Colonial Author- ities of Pennsylvania.
    [Show full text]
  • Now Have Taken up the Hatchet Against Them”: Braddock’S Defeat and the Martial Liberation of the Western Delawares
    We “Now Have Taken up the Hatchet against Them”: Braddock’s Defeat and the Martial Liberation of the Western Delawares N 1755 WESTERN PENNSYLVANIA became the setting for a series of transforming events that resonated throughout the colonial world of INorth America. On July 9, on the banks of the Monongahela River— seven miles from the French stronghold of Fort Duquesne—two regi- ments of the British army, together with over five companies of colonial militia, suffered a historic mauling at the hands of a smaller force of French marines, Canadian militia, and Great Lakes Indians. With nearly one thousand casualties, the defeat of General Edward Braddock’s com- mand signified the breakdown of British presence on the northern Appalachian frontier. This rout of British-American forces also had an immense effect on the future of Indians in the Ohio Country, particularly the peoples of western Pennsylvania referred to as the Delawares. I would like to thank the anonymous readers and my teachers and trusted colleagues, Dr. Holly Mayer of Duquesne University and Dr. Mary Lou Lustig, emeritus West Virginia University, for their constructive criticisms and helpful suggestions as I worked through the revision process for this article. THE PENNSYLVANIA MAGAZINE OF HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY Vol. CXXXVII, No. 3 ( July 2013) 228 RICHARD S. GRIMES July From late October 1755 through the spring of 1756, Delaware war parties departing from their principal western Pennsylvania town of Kittanning and from the east in the Susquehanna region converged on the American backcountry. There they inflicted tremendous loss of life and cataclysmic destruction of property on the settlements of Pennsylvania and Virginia.
    [Show full text]
  • William A. Hunter Collection ,1936-1985 Book Reviews, 1955-1980
    WILLIAM A. HUNTER COLLECTION ,1936-1985 BOOK REVIEWS, 1955-1980 Subject Folder Carton "The Susquehanna By Carl Cramerl',Pennsylvania Magazine 1 1 -of History and Biography, Vol. LXXIX No.3, July 1955. &@$a-is "American Indian and White Relations --to 1830...11 By 1 William N. Fenton, et. al., Pennsylvania Magazine -of History -& Biography LXXXI, No.4, Oct. 1957. "Tecumseh, Vision of Glory by Glenn Tucker, "Ethnohistory 1 Vol. 4, No.1, winter, 1957. "Colonists from Scotland... by I.C.C.Graham,ll The New 1 York Historical Society Quarterly, Vol. XLI, ~c47 Oct., 1957. "Banners --in the Wilderness.. .. by H. T.W.Coleman," Pennsylvania History Vol.XXIV, No. 1: January 1957. "War Comes to Quaker Pennsylvania by Robert L.D. Davidson," 1 Pennsylvania~a~azine-of History and Biography, Vol.LXXI1, No.3, July 1958. "Indian Villages --of the Illinois Country.Historic Tribes By Wayne C. Temple."American Antiquity. Vol. XXIV No. 4: April 1, 1959. "Braddock's Defeat by Charles Hamilton." Pennsylvania History Vol. XXVII, No. 3: July, 1960. "American Indians, by William T. Hogan." Pennsylvania 1 Magazine -of History and Biography, Vol. LXXXV, No. 4:0ct.1961. "The Scotch-Irish: A Social History, by James G. Pennsylvania ~istory,Vol.XXX, No.2, April 1963. -----"Indians of the Woodlands ....By George E. Hyde" Pennsylvania 1 Magazine of History and Biography LXXXVII, NO.~: July, 1963. "George ----Mercer of the Ohio Company, By Alfred P. James", 1 Pennsylvania -History Vol. XXX, No. 4, October 1964. "The Colonial --Wars, 1689-1762, by Howard H. Peckham" 1 Pennsylvania Magazine -of Historx and Biography, LXXXVIII, No.
    [Show full text]
  • The 1758 Forbes Campaign and Its Influence on the Politics of the Province Of
    The 1758 Forbes Campaign and its Influence on the Politics of the Province of Pennsylvania Troy Youhas Independence National Historical Park Intern January-May 2007 Submitted to: James W. Mueller, Ph.D. Chief Historian Independence National Historical Park 143 S. 3rd. Street Philadelphia, PA 19106 Although it often gets overlooked, the French and Indian War, or the War for Empire as it is now becoming known, was a very important turning point in United States History. While it was only a small part of a much larger scale war between Great Britain and France, it would bring about many changes on the North American continent. The immediate results of the war included the British acquisition of Canada and an almost immediate end to French presence in the North American colonies. The war also had the long term effects of establishing British dominance in the colonies and planting the seeds for the American Revolution. In the grand scheme of the war, the state of Pennsylvania would prove to be immensely important. While the war was being intensely debated among the assemblymen in the State House in Philadelphia, many important military events were taking place across the state. Not only did the French and Indian War establish places like Fort Duquesne and Fort Necessity as key historical sites, but it also involved some notable men in Pennsylvania and American history, such as Edward Braddock, James Abercrombie, and a then little known 21 year old Colonel by the name of George Washington. The major turning point of the war, and American history for that matter, was led by a Scottish-born General by the name of John Forbes, whose expedition across the state in 1758 forced the French to retreat from Fort Duquesne, a feat unsuccessfully attempted by Braddock three years earlier, and ultimately set the British on a course towards victory.
    [Show full text]
  • James G. Landis
    TOMAHAWKS TO PEACE an Indian saga volume three James G. Landis TOMAHAWKS TO PEACE VOLUME THREE OF A SEVEN - PART SERIES Glikkikan, a Delaware war chief, orator, and head counselor to the chiefs of the nation, brings to light the hidden causes of the Delaware resistance popularly known as Pontiac’s Rebellion. “Love the truth, live in peace.” © 2017 by TGS International, a wholly owned subsidiary of Christian Aid Ministries, Berlin, Ohio. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be used, reproduced, or stored in any retrieval system, in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, without written permission from the publisher except for brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. ISBN: 978-1-943929-92-4 soft cover 978-1-943929-93-1 hard cover Illustrations by Coleen B. Barnhart Printed in China Published by: TGS International P.O. Box 355 Berlin, Ohio 44610 USA Phone: 330.893.4828 Fax: 330.893.2305 TGS001448 www.tgsinternational.com Dedication Dale Heisey My dear friend and brother who: » first told me of David Zeisberger, the veteran Moravian missionary to the Indians. » taught me that a straight line to the truth is the shortest way there. » demonstrates compelling oratory. » holds to the unbounded truth. » lives to follow Christ at any cost. —James G. Landis »v« Overview of The Conquest Series AMERICAN HISTORY THROUGH INDIAN EYES -James G. Landis LENAPE HOMELAND Volume I This story tells the early history of the Delaware Indians and the coming of the white man to the Delaware River Valley as witnessed by Lenape heroes.
    [Show full text]
  • David Brainerd Fasting, Praying, Dying
    David Brainerd Fasting, Praying, Dying He lived only 29 years. He had a public ministry of only 4 years. Yet he has influenced deeply a great many influential Christian leaders and missionaries. Among those who acknowledged a great spiritual debt to David Brainerd are John Wesley, Robert Murray McCheyne, Henry Martyn, and William Carey. The picture is of David Brainerd kneeling in his own blood in prayer and fasting in the bitter snows pleading with God to lead hundreds of his pagan Indians to Himself and of his Christian Indians to wonderful revival. Over the years God may have used it to draw millions around the world to Himself in devotion, revival, or personal salvation. David came from an influential and religious New England family. Early he sought after God, but trusted not Christ, but his own works for his salvation. At age 21 he said, “I was walking again in the same solitary place where I was brought to see myself lost and helpless . In the dark, thick grove, unspeakable glory seemed to open to my view. The way of salvation opened to me. I was amazed that I had not dropped my own contrivances, and complied with this lovely way before.” John Wesley was asked, “What can be done to revive the work of God where it has decayed?” He replied, “Let every preacher read carefully, The Life of David Brainerd.” His life was often in danger. Many times he slept on straw, or under the stars, lived in cabins, or teepees, had no adequate food. He was slowly dying of tuberculosis, frequently painfully coughing up blood.
    [Show full text]
  • Daniel P. Barr Source: the Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography , Jan., 2007, Vol
    Victory at Kittanning? Reevaluating the Impact of Armstrong's Raid on the Seven Years' War in Pennsylvania Author(s): Daniel P. Barr Source: The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography , Jan., 2007, Vol. 131, No. 1 (Jan., 2007), pp. 5-32 Published by: University of Pennsylvania Press Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/20093915 REFERENCES Linked references are available on JSTOR for this article: https://www.jstor.org/stable/20093915?seq=1&cid=pdf- reference#references_tab_contents You may need to log in to JSTOR to access the linked references. JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at https://about.jstor.org/terms University of Pennsylvania Press is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography This content downloaded from 64.9.56.53 on Sat, 19 Dec 2020 18:51:04 UTC All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms THE Pennsylvania OF HISTORYMagazine AND BIOGRAPHY Victory at Kittanning? Reevaluating the Impact of Armstrongs Raid on the Seven Years' War in Pennsylvania ON SEPTEMBER 8, 1756, Lieutenant Colonel John Armstrong led 307 men from the Second Battalion of the Pennsylvania Regiment in a daring raid against Kittanning, an important Delaware Indian village situated along the Allegheny River approximately forty miles upriver from the forks of the Ohio.
    [Show full text]
  • Quakers and the Language of Indian Diplomacy
    Native American-European Contact Background Reading In the Colonial Period QUAKERS AND THE LANGUAGE OF INDIAN DIPLOMACY Jane Merritt, “Quakers and the Language of Indian Diplomacy," in At the Crossroads: Indians and Empires on a Mid-Atlantic Frontier, 1700-1763. Durham: The University of North Carolina Press, 2003, pps. 210-218. When whites and Indians came together in political arenas, they brought [210] different assumptions about the form and function of these negotiations, ren- dering mutual trust or even understanding at times elusive For eastern Al- gonquian cultures, as well as the Iroquois, the goal of treat) negotiations was to reach a consensus among parties through extensive discourse. If conflicts arose between individuals or families, those involved spoke their mind in council. Civil leaders would diplomatically arbitrate between differ- ing opinions until they arrived at an appropriate judgment or decision that represented the "collective wisdom" of the community. Everything that un- folded during the conference became part o: the agreement, and it was as- sumed that certain common problems such as land use, economic assistance, and political alliances, all important to community stability, would be renewed or renegotiated at regular intervals. Since native leaders had no formal means to coerce agreement, political power and authority rested on oral traditions, memory, and particular speech forms used for persuasion. Ritual language was a mean: of appropriating personal power and obtaining spiritual assis- tance to influence other people and the situation at hand. Indians customarily used strings and belts of wampum to perform and remember these rituals and to send messages between communities.
    [Show full text]
  • A New Jersey Haven for Some Acculturated Lenape of Pennsylvania During the Indian Wars of the 1760S
    322- A New Jersey Haven for Some Acculturated Lenape of Pennsylvania During the Indian Wars of the 1760s Marshall Joseph Becker West Chester University INTRODUCTION Accounts of Indian depredations are as old as the colonization of the New World, but examples of concerted assistance to Native Americans are few. Particu- larly uncommon are cases in which whites extended aid to Native Americans dur- ing periods when violent conflicts were ongoing and threatening large areas of the moving frontier. Two important examples of help being extended by the citizens of Pennsyl- vania and NewJersey to Native Americans of varied backgrounds who were fleeing from the trouble-wracked Pennsylvania colony took place during the period of the bitter Indian wars of the 1760s. The less successful example, the thwarted flight of the Moravian converts from the Forks of Delaware in Pennsylvania and their attempted passage through New Jersey, is summarized here in the appendices. The second and more successful case involved a little known cohort of Lenape from Chester County, Pennsylvania. These people had separated from their native kin by the 1730s and taken up permanent residence among colonial farmers. Dur- ing the time of turmoil for Pennsylvanians of Indian origin in the 1760s, this group of Lenape lived for seven years among the citizens of NewJersey. These cases shed light on the process of acculturation of Native American peoples in the colonies and also on the degree to which officials of the Jersey colony created a relatively secure environment for all the people of this area. They also provide insights into differences among various Native American groups as well as between traditionalists and acculturated members of the same group.' ANTI-NATIVE SENTIMENT IN THE 1760S The common English name for the Seven Years War (1755-1763), the "French and Indian War," reflects the ethnic alignments and generalized prejudices reflected in the New World manifestations of this conflict.
    [Show full text]
  • Western Pennsylvania Historical Magazine
    THE WESTERN PENNSYLVANIA HISTORICAL MAGAZINE Volume 45 September 1962 Number 3 THOMAS HUTCHINS Provincial Soldier and Indian Agent in the Ohio Valley, 1758-1761 Ann Quattrocchi General John Forbes ordered a gold medal to be struck Brigadieroff and worn about the neck with a dark blue ribbon by all officers who had participated in the campaign which resulted in the expulsion of the French from the Ohio Valley in 1758. One side of the medal showed a road cut through vast forests and the rocky steepness of impassable mountains. The Latin inscription, Per-Tot Discrimina, tersely called attention to the many difficulties the British had encountered before they came to blows with the French and Indians at the Ohio. 1 The other side of the medal showed a flaming fort at the junction of the two rivers toward which a well organized army advanced, led by a general carried on a litter. The caption, Ohio Britannica Consilio Manuque, boasted that the Ohio Valley was now British through superior wisdom and skill. Many provincial as well as British officers were entitled to wear this medal, which probably never got beyond the conception stage. More than a medal was needed to aid the men to hold the area won Dr. Quattrocchi is chairman of the History Department and teacher of Advanced Placement History at Allderdice High School. The above article is a reworking of a section from her doctoral dissertation, Thomas Hutchins, 1730-1789.— Ed. 1 Grant to Bouquet, Feb. 20, 1759, The Papers of Col. Henry Bouquet, issued under the sponsorship of the Pennsylvania Historical Commission (Harris- burg, 1940-1943), Ser.
    [Show full text]
  • Lot Clean up Property Liens
    Resolution of the City of Jersey City, N.J. File No. Res. 21-233 Agenda No. 10.8 Approved: Mar 24 2021 RESOLUTION AUTHORIZING A LIEN AGAINST THE PROPERTIES LISTED HEREIN FOR THE COST OF REMOVING FROM THE PROPERTIES BRUSH, WEEDS, DEAD AND DYING TREES, STUMPS, ROOTS, NOXIOUS GROWTHS, FILTH, GARBAGE, LITTER AND DEBRIS IN ACCORDANCE WITH N.J.S.A.40:48-2.14 AND JERSEY CITY CODE SECTION 287-4 COUNCIL offered and moved adoption of the following resolution: COUNCIL offered and moved adoption of the following Resolution: WHEREAS, N.J.S.A. 40:48- 2.14 and Jersey City Code Sec 287-4 authorize municipalities by ordinance to require the owners of property to remove from their property or destroy brush, weeds, including ragweed, dead and dying trees, stumps, roots, obnoxious growths, filth, garbage, trash and debris within ten (10) days after notice to remove or destroy same; and WHEREAS, N.J.S.A 40:48-2.14 and Sec 287-4 provide that if owners fail to remove brush, stumps, debris, etc. from the property after receiving such notice, the City may do the removal and charge the costs to the owner; and if not paid, the governing body may cause the cost to become a lien against the properties; and WHEREAS, this lien may be enforced by the same officers and in the same manner as taxes; and WHEREAS, pursuant to Jersey City Code Section 287-4, a Notice and Order directed the owners listed herein to remove from their property brush, stumps, debris, etc.
    [Show full text]
  • The Protocols of Indian Treaties As Developed by Benjamin Franklin and Other Members of the American Philosophical Society
    University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Departmental Papers (Religious Studies) Department of Religious Studies 9-2015 How to Buy a Continent: The Protocols of Indian Treaties as Developed by Benjamin Franklin and Other Members of the American Philosophical Society Anthony F C Wallace University of Pennsylvania Timothy B. Powell University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/rs_papers Part of the Diplomatic History Commons, Religion Commons, and the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Wallace, Anthony F C and Powell, Timothy B., "How to Buy a Continent: The Protocols of Indian Treaties as Developed by Benjamin Franklin and Other Members of the American Philosophical Society" (2015). Departmental Papers (Religious Studies). 15. https://repository.upenn.edu/rs_papers/15 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/rs_papers/15 For more information, please contact [email protected]. How to Buy a Continent: The Protocols of Indian Treaties as Developed by Benjamin Franklin and Other Members of the American Philosophical Society Abstract In 1743, when Benjamin Franklin announced the formation of an American Philosophical Society for the Promotion of Useful Knowledge, it was important for the citizens of Pennsylvania to know more about their American Indian neighbors. Beyond a slice of land around Philadelphia, three quarters of the province were still occupied by the Delaware and several other Indian tribes, loosely gathered under the wing of an Indian confederacy known as the Six Nations. Relations with the Six Nations and their allies were being peacefully conducted in a series of so-called “Indian Treaties” that dealt with the fur trade, threats of war with France, settlement of grievances, and the purchase of land.
    [Show full text]