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Species-Specific Basic Stem-Wood Densities for Twelve Indigenous Forest and Shrubland Species of Known Age, New Zealand
Marden et al. New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science (2021) 51:1 https://doi.org/10.33494/nzjfs512021x121x E-ISSN: 1179-5395 published on-line: 15/02/2021 Research Article Open Access New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science Species-specific basic stem-wood densities for twelve indigenous forest and shrubland species of known age, New Zealand Michael Marden1,*, Suzanne Lambie2 and Larry Burrows3 1 31 Haronga Road, Gisborne 4010, New Zealand 2 Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research, Private Bag 3127, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand 3 Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research, PO Box 69041, Lincoln 7640, New Zealand *Corresponding author: [email protected] (Received for publication 19 July 2019; accepted in revised form 26 January 2021) Abstract Background: Tree carbon estimates for New Zealand indigenous tree and shrub species are largely based on mean of sites throughout New Zealand. Yet stem-wood density values feed directly into New Zealand’s international and nationalbasic stem-wood greenhouse densities gas accounting. derived from We a limitedaugment number existing of publishedtrees, often basic of unspecified stem-wood age density and from data a limited with new number age- old, across 21 widely-distributed sites between latitudes 35° tospecific estimate values carbon for 12stocks. indigenous forest and shrubland species, including rarely obtained values for trees <6-years and 46° S, and explore relationships commonly used Methods: The volume of 478 whole stem-wood discs collected at breast height (BH) was determined by water displacement, oven dried, and weighed. Regression analyses were used to determine possible relationships between basic stem-wood density, and tree height, root collar diameter (RCD), and diameter at breast height (DBH). -
Plant Charts for Native to the West Booklet
26 Pohutukawa • Oi exposed coastal ecosystem KEY ♥ Nurse plant ■ Main component ✤ rare ✖ toxic to toddlers coastal sites For restoration, in this habitat: ••• plant liberally •• plant generally • plant sparingly Recommended planting sites Back Boggy Escarp- Sharp Steep Valley Broad Gentle Alluvial Dunes Area ment Ridge Slope Bottom Ridge Slope Flat/Tce Medium trees Beilschmiedia tarairi taraire ✤ ■ •• Corynocarpus laevigatus karaka ✖■ •••• Kunzea ericoides kanuka ♥■ •• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• Metrosideros excelsa pohutukawa ♥■ ••••• • •• •• Small trees, large shrubs Coprosma lucida shining karamu ♥ ■ •• ••• ••• •• •• Coprosma macrocarpa coastal karamu ♥ ■ •• •• •• •••• Coprosma robusta karamu ♥ ■ •••••• Cordyline australis ti kouka, cabbage tree ♥ ■ • •• •• • •• •••• Dodonaea viscosa akeake ■ •••• Entelea arborescens whau ♥ ■ ••••• Geniostoma rupestre hangehange ♥■ •• • •• •• •• •• •• Leptospermum scoparium manuka ♥■ •• •• • ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• Leucopogon fasciculatus mingimingi • •• ••• ••• • •• •• • Macropiper excelsum kawakawa ♥■ •••• •••• ••• Melicope ternata wharangi ■ •••••• Melicytus ramiflorus mahoe • ••• •• • •• ••• Myoporum laetum ngaio ✖ ■ •••••• Olearia furfuracea akepiro • ••• ••• •• •• Pittosporum crassifolium karo ■ •• •••• ••• Pittosporum ellipticum •• •• Pseudopanax lessonii houpara ■ ecosystem one •••••• Rhopalostylis sapida nikau ■ • •• • •• Sophora fulvida west coast kowhai ✖■ •• •• Shrubs and flax-like plants Coprosma crassifolia stiff-stemmed coprosma ♥■ •• ••••• Coprosma repens taupata ♥ ■ •• •••• •• -
Flora of New Zealand Mosses
FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND MOSSES BRACHYTHECIACEAE A.J. FIFE Fascicle 46 – JUNE 2020 © Landcare Research New Zealand Limited 2020. Unless indicated otherwise for specific items, this copyright work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence Attribution if redistributing to the public without adaptation: "Source: Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research" Attribution if making an adaptation or derivative work: "Sourced from Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research" See Image Information for copyright and licence details for images. CATALOGUING IN PUBLICATION Fife, Allan J. (Allan James), 1951- Flora of New Zealand : mosses. Fascicle 46, Brachytheciaceae / Allan J. Fife. -- Lincoln, N.Z. : Manaaki Whenua Press, 2020. 1 online resource ISBN 978-0-947525-65-1 (pdf) ISBN 978-0-478-34747-0 (set) 1. Mosses -- New Zealand -- Identification. I. Title. II. Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research New Zealand Ltd. UDC 582.345.16(931) DC 588.20993 DOI: 10.7931/w15y-gz43 This work should be cited as: Fife, A.J. 2020: Brachytheciaceae. In: Smissen, R.; Wilton, A.D. Flora of New Zealand – Mosses. Fascicle 46. Manaaki Whenua Press, Lincoln. http://dx.doi.org/10.7931/w15y-gz43 Date submitted: 9 May 2019 ; Date accepted: 15 Aug 2019 Cover image: Eurhynchium asperipes, habit with capsule, moist. Drawn by Rebecca Wagstaff from A.J. Fife 6828, CHR 449024. Contents Introduction..............................................................................................................................................1 Typification...............................................................................................................................................1 -
Trees for the Land
Trees for the Land GROWING TREES IN NORTHLAND FOR PROTECTION, PRODUCTION AND PLEASURE FOREWORD Trees are an integral, highly visible and valuable part of the Northland landscape. While many of us may not give much thought to the many and varied roles of trees in our lives, our reliance on them can not be overstated. Both native and exotic tree species make important contributions to our region – environmentally, socially, culturally and economically. Pohutukawa – a coastal icon – line our coasts and are much loved and appreciated by locals and tourists alike. Similarly, many of the visitors who come here do not consider their trip complete without a journey to view the giant and majestic kauri of Waipoua, which are of huge importance to Mäori. Many Northlanders make their livings working in the forest industry or other industries closely aligned to it and trees also play a crucial role environmentally. When all these factors are considered, it makes sense that wise land management should include the planting of a variety of tree species, particularly since Northland is an erosion- prone area. Trees help stabilise Northland’s hillsides and stream banks. They help control winter flood flows and provide shelter and shade for the land, rivers and stock. They also provide valuable shelter, protection and food for Northland’s flora and fauna. This publication draws together tree planting information and advice from a wide range of sources into one handy guide. It has been written specifically for Northlanders and recommends trees that will survive well in our sometimes demanding climate. The Northland Regional Council is committed to the sustainable management and development of natural resources like our trees. -
1999 New Zealand Botanical Society
NEW ZEALAND BOTANICAL SOCIETY NEWSLETTER NUMBER 57 SEPTEMBER 1999 New Zealand Botanical Society President: Jessica Beever Secretary/Treasurer: Anthony Wright Committee: Bruce Clarkson, Colin Webb, Carol West Address: c/- Canterbury Museum Rolleston Avenue CHRISTCHURCH 8001 NEW ZEALAND Subscriptions The I999 ordinary and institutional subs are $18 (reduced to $15 if paid by the due date on the subscription invoice). The 1999 student sub, available to full-time students, is $9 (reduced to $7 if paid by the due date on the subscription invoice). Back issues of the Newsletter are available at $2.50 each from Number 1 (August 1985) to Number 46 (December 1996), $3.00 each from Number 47 (March 1997) to Number 50 (December 1997), and $3.75 each from Number 51 (March 1998) onwards. Since 1986 the Newsletter has appeared quarterly in March, June, September and December. New subscriptions are always welcome and these, together with back issue orders, should be sent to the Secretary/Treasurer (address above). Subscriptions are due by 28 February of each year for that calendar year. Existing subscribers are sent an invoice with the December Newsletter for the next year's subscription which offers a reduction if this is paid by the due date. If you are in arrears with your subscription a reminder notice comes attached to each issue of the Newsletter. Deadline for next issue The deadline for the December 1999 issue (Number 58) is 26 November 1999. Please forward contributions to: Dr Carol J. West, c/- Department of Conservation PO Box 743 Invercargill Contributions may be provided on an IBM compatible floppy disc (Word) or by e-mail to [email protected] Cover Illustration Plagiochila ramosissima with antheridial branches. -
Behaviour and Activity Budgeting of Reproductive Kiwi in a Fenced Population
Copyright is owned by the Author of the thesis. Permission is given for a copy to be downloaded by an individual for the purpose of research and private study only. The thesis may not be reproduced elsewhere without the permission of the Author. Behaviour and Activity Budgeting of Reproductive Kiwi in a Fenced Population A thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Master of Science In Zoology At Massey University, Manawatu Jillana Robertson 2018 Abstract North Island brown kiwi (Apteryx mantelli) are flightless, nocturnal, usually solitary, and secretive birds, so knowledge of their behaviour is limited. In this study, I endeavoured to obtain a more detailed understanding of adult kiwi behaviour within two pest fenced areas focusing around the breeding season at the 3363 ha Maungatautari Scenic Reserve in Waikato, New Zealand. Within Maungatautari’s pest free enclosures, I attempted to determine male and female activity patterns over 24-hours from activity transmitter data; document diurnal and nocturnal behaviours of kiwi using video cameras; determine size and distribution of home ranges; and establish patterns of selection of daytime shelter types. Male kiwi were fitted with Wild Tech “chick timer” transmitters which recorded activity for the previous seven days. Incubating males spent significantly less time active than non incubating males with some activity occurring during the daytime. Non-incubating male activity duration decreased but activity as a proportion of night length increased with decreasing night length. Less active incubating males, suggesting more time caring for eggs, had more successful clutches. Female activity was recorded using an Osprey receiver/datalogger and 30x60x90 pulse activity transmitters. -
Patterns of Flammability Across the Vascular Plant Phylogeny, with Special Emphasis on the Genus Dracophyllum
Lincoln University Digital Thesis Copyright Statement The digital copy of this thesis is protected by the Copyright Act 1994 (New Zealand). This thesis may be consulted by you, provided you comply with the provisions of the Act and the following conditions of use: you will use the copy only for the purposes of research or private study you will recognise the author's right to be identified as the author of the thesis and due acknowledgement will be made to the author where appropriate you will obtain the author's permission before publishing any material from the thesis. Patterns of flammability across the vascular plant phylogeny, with special emphasis on the genus Dracophyllum A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of philosophy at Lincoln University by Xinglei Cui Lincoln University 2020 Abstract of a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of philosophy. Abstract Patterns of flammability across the vascular plant phylogeny, with special emphasis on the genus Dracophyllum by Xinglei Cui Fire has been part of the environment for the entire history of terrestrial plants and is a common disturbance agent in many ecosystems across the world. Fire has a significant role in influencing the structure, pattern and function of many ecosystems. Plant flammability, which is the ability of a plant to burn and sustain a flame, is an important driver of fire in terrestrial ecosystems and thus has a fundamental role in ecosystem dynamics and species evolution. However, the factors that have influenced the evolution of flammability remain unclear. -
Assessing Pollination and Fruit Dispersal in Fuchsia Excorticata (Onagraceae)
RobertsonNew Zealand et al.—Pollination Journal of Botany, and 2008, dispersal Vol. in46 Fuchsia: 299–314 299 0028–825X/08/4603–0299 © The Royal Society of New Zealand 2008 Assessing pollination and fruit dispersal in Fuchsia excorticata (Onagraceae) ALastaIR W. ROBErtsON cases very frequently by silvereyes, which also oc- Ecology, Institute of Natural Resources casionally rob nectar from flowers. We confirmed Massey University that hermaphrodites account for more than half the Private Bag 11222 plants in all populations, are fully self-compatible, Palmerston North 4474, New Zealand and can autonomously self in the absence of pollina- [email protected] tors (especially in plants with smaller herkogamy). Fruit production in hermaphrodites and (particularly) JENNY J. LADLEY females was frequently pollen-limited (mean Pollen DAVE KELLY Limitation Indices of 0.17 and 0.40, respectively), School of Biological Sciences and was correlated with visual assessments of pol- University of Canterbury len loads on the stigma, a useful index of pollinator Private Bag 4800 service. A comparison of the proportion of ripe or Christchurch 8140, New Zealand overripe fruit on branches exposed to birds versus KatE L. MCNUTT branches enclosed in wire cages showed that un- Ecology, Institute of Natural Resources caged fruit on Kapiti Island is removed almost as Massey University soon as it is ripe but on the mainland it persists for Private Bag 11222 much longer. The proportion of ripe or overripe Palmerston North 4474, New Zealand compared to green fruit is therefore an approximate index of dispersal service. Both indices may be use- PAUL G. PETERSON ful to managers concerned with measuring the level Landcare Research of mutualism service provided by native birds. -
LIZARD GARDENS ‒ a Planting Guide
LIZARD GARDENS – A Planting Guide New Zealand’s skinks and geckos have experienced chronic decline in the face of introduced pests, namely rats, pet cats, mice, hedgehogs and mustelids (stoats, ferrets and weasels). These days most peoples’ experience of lizards is via the one their cat brought in. This will continue to be the norm, unless we do something about it! The three main things you can do to help skinks and geckos in your backyard are to provide food, shelter and undertake pest control. Food: berries and nectar from fruiting and flowering native plants, insects and moisture i.e. lots of mulch. Shelter: rock piles, rotting logs, driftwood, stacks of timber, retaining walls, don’t throw out your prunings, dump them in a pile out of the way, skinks will thank you for it. Pest control: get trapping! Trapping rats and mice is a start but hedgehogs are actually a real problem for lizards in urban settings. Consider getting a DOC200 to trap those spiny pests. You can bury them under your native plants to provide an excellent source of fertiliser. Bait is effective for rodents in particular, and means you don’t have to deal with dead bodies. Also, keep your cat inside at night and consider not replacing it when it dies. To help you get started, this planting guide has been developed by gardeners and conservationists from the Kāpiti Coast. We live in a harsh coastal sand environment battered by salt spray, high wind and regular droughts. The following plant list has been developed with that in mind. -
Sandra Jones Holdings: Auckland Public Library From
SELECTED REFERENCES Auckland Botanical Society Newsletters (from March 1964) Sandra Jones Holdings: Auckland Public Library from March 1961 (set incomplete) Biological Sciences Library University of Auckland from March 1964 (almost complete) Auckland Institute & Museum Library from Dec 1943 (issue No.1) (set complete) Note: There are two issues dated March 1972 one is actually the July 1972 issue I have indicated this following lists as JUL/MAR 72 BOTANICAL NOTES Acianthus fornicatus var sinclairii unusual form Kauri Grove Adiantum cunninghamii & A. fulvum identification A aethiopicum & A. capillus veneris (introduced) identification A. hispidulum new locality: Te Puke Agathis australis distribution (Arthropodium cirratum) A. australis southern limit Newssheet Aug.78 undated Aristotelia serrata leaf size A. serrata variation of leaf characters Asplenium lamprophyllum new locality: Laingholm Asteliads from N.Z. Jnl of Botany June. 66 Moore) Astelia & Collospermum key Astelia & Collospermum key (supplement to Bot.Soc.Bulletin) Astelia grandis A. nervosa (cockaynei) in Waitakeres Athyrium spp in Waitakeres (Piha Road) A. spp description.(Sep79 Newssheet A. japonicum Morrinsville) Blechnum capense (Green Bay form) at Huia B. capense (Qreen Bay form; localities B. capense .Green Bay form) new locality: Muriwai B. capense/(Green gay form) on Mt Egmont B. vulcanicum new locality: Huia (also B. colensoi at Huia and Mill Bay Bulbophyllum tuberculatum on Pukematekeo Caleana minor name change (see Paracaleana) Calystegia marginata at Whangaruru (Northland Centaurium pink & white forms Cephalotis folllculatus (Albany Pitcher Plant West.Aust Charophytes the NZ.stoneworts Clematis afoliata A year for Clematis Cocos zeylandica Coopers Beach pyrites impregnated Collospermum& Astelia: key Collospermum & Astelia key (supplement to Bot.Soc.Bulletin C. -
Breeding Systems and Reproduction of Indigenous Shrubs in Fragmented
Copyright is owned by the Author of the thesis. Permission is given for a copy to be downloaded by an individual for the purpose of research and private study only. The thesis may not be reproduced elsewhere without the permission of the Author. Breeding systems and reproduction of indigenous shrubs in fragmented ecosystems A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy III Plant Ecology at Massey University by Merilyn F Merrett .. � ... : -- �. � Massey University Palrnerston North, New Zealand 2006 Abstract Sixteen native shrub species with various breeding systems and pollination syndromes were investigated in geographically separated populations to determine breeding systems, reproductive success, population structure, and habitat characteristics. Of the sixteen species, seven are hermaphroditic, seven dioecious, and two gynodioecious. Two of the dioecious species are cryptically dioecious, producing what appear to be perfect, hermaphroditic flowers,but that functionas either male or female. One of the study species, Raukauaanomalus, was thought to be dioecious, but proved to be hermaphroditic. Teucridium parvifolium, was thought to be hermaphroditic, but some populations are gynodioecious. There was variation in self-compatibility among the fo ur AIseuosmia species; two are self-compatible and two are self-incompatible. Self incompatibility was consistent amongst individuals only in A. quercifolia at both study sites, whereas individuals in A. macrophylia ranged from highly self-incompatible to self-compatible amongst fo ur study sites. The remainder of the hermaphroditic study species are self-compatible. Five of the species appear to have dual pollination syndromes, e.g., bird-moth, wind-insect, wind-animal. High levels of pollen limitation were identified in three species at fo ur of the 34 study sites. -
MANA ISLAND, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND Summary: Mana Island (217 Ha) Provides Opportunities for Conservation Despite Over 150 Years of Farming
SUSAN M. TIMMINS1, IAN A.E. ATKINSON2 and COLIN C. OGLE1 57 1 Science and Research Directorate, Department of Conservation, P.O. Box 10-420, Wellington, New Zealand 2 Botany Division, DSIR, Private Bag, Lower Hutt, New Zealand CONSERVATION OPPORTUNITIES ON A HIGHLY MODIFIED ISLAND: MANA ISLAND, WELLINGTON, NEW ZEALAND Summary: Mana Island (217 ha) provides opportunities for conservation despite over 150 years of farming. It is free from all introduced mammals except mice. It supports native coastal communities representative of the region and already has nationally threatened plants and animals. To take best advantage of these opportunities, it is suggested that: the present native plants, animals and communities are protected; part of the island is revegetated; selected species of threatened native plants and animals are introduced; and the island and its natural and human history are used for education, interpretation and recreational enjoyment. Attention is drawn to some unanswered questions and potential conflicts associated with these management proposals. Keywords: Mana Island; revegetation; threatened species conservation; reserve management; mammal-free island. Introduction Mana, a 217 ha island near Wellington, has been farmed for over 150 years and, although highly modified, has no introduced mammals except mice (Mus musculus). Reflecting a groundswell of opinion that Mana has considerable biological value and untapped conservation potential, numerous land use studies have been conducted over the last 15 years (for example, Department of Lands and Survey, 1980, 1981). A radical change in the management regime began in 1986 after farming ceased and the current management plan was adopted (Department of Lands and Survey, 1986).