THE AMERICAN 20c • DECEMBER 19 7 1

LEGIONMAGAZINE

TheTerrible Condition of America's Freight Railroads

75 YEARS OF AMERICAN NEWSPAPER COMICS

THE WAR WE ALMOST FOUGHT WITH FRANCE

CHRISTMAS AROUND THE WORLD When the thought is genuine, the gift should be.

Dewar's 'White Label"

They say there are a thousand ways ' P to make Scotch whisky. They say.

There's a Uttle corner of the world that doesn't agree. It's the town of Perth, on the banks of Scotland's River Tay. That's where they make Dewar's "White Label."

The men of Perth will tell you that authentic Scotch whisky has to be

made where the air is chill and pure,

^!*PEo Scotch WHis"' i

Distillers , £

and the water is cold. And that is the air and water of Perth.

They will tell you that authentic Scotch whisky comes only when fine single whiskies are brought from the Gift wrapped at no extra cost. hills and glens of Scotland and al-

lowed to sleep like bairns in their own Does he remember them all? It is snug vats to the day of full maturity. said that he does. And that is the way of Dewar's. Small wonder then that the good They will tell red-bearded Scots of Perth show a you how each bit of honest wrath when somebody whisky, in its own tries to tell them there are a thou good time, is sand ways to make authentic brought to the Scotch whisky. Master Blender Small wonder they consider himself, who their Dewar's "White Label" swirls it in his the authentic Scotch of today.

glass. . ."noses" it And want you to know it. ... sniffs it again

. . . and takes a long deep breath to compare its bouquet with thousands jiuthentic. he has known before. Dewar*s never varies.

BLENDED SCOTCH WHISKY • 86.8 PROOF ©SCHENLEY IMPORTS CO., N.Y., N.Y. The American

DECEMBER 1971

Volumt 91 , Number 6 LEGION CHANGE OF ADDRESS: Notify Circulation Dept., P. O. Box 1954, Indianapolis, Ind. 46206 using Post Office Form 3578. Attacti old address label and Magazine give old and new addresses with ZIP Code number and current membership card number. Also be sure to notify your Post Adjutant.

CONTENTS FOR DECEMBER 1971 The American Legion Magazine Editorial & Advertising Offices 1345 Avenue of the Americas New Vork, New York 10019 THE TERRIBLE CONDITION OF AMERICA'S Publisher, James F. O'Neil Editor FREIGHT RAILROADS 4 Robert 13. Piikin BY HARVEY ARDMAN Art Editor Al Marshall rail freight business are The problems facing America's Assistant to Publisher barely visible to most of us, but they are so severe that even John Andreola the railroads' competitors are supporting means to solve them. Assistant Editor James S. Swartz Associate Editor Koy Miller

Assistant Art Editor Walter H. Boll CHRISTMAS AROUND THE WORLD 10 Production Manager Art Bretzfield Christmas is celebrated more widely than any other single Copy Editor holiday, as the photos in this picture spread suggest. Grail S. Hanford Circulation Manager Dean B. Nelson Indianapolis, Ind. Advertising Sales ...... 12 Robert Redden Associates, Inc. 75 YEARS OF AMERICAN NEWSPAPER COMICS 121 Cedar Lane Teaneck, N.J. 07666 Selections from among the hundreds of successful comic strips 201-«36-5755 which have been delighting audiences for years. The American Legion Magazine Commission:

James E. Powers, Maton, Ca. {Chairman); Benjamin B. Truskoski, Bristol, Conn. (Vice

Chairman) ; James R. Kelley, Radnor, Pa, SHOULD THE OFFICE OF ECONOMIC (National Commander's Representative); Lang

Armstrong, Spok^ane , Wash.; Ch.trles E. Booth, OPPORTUNITY BE ABOLISHED? 18 Huntington, W. Va.; Raymond Fields, O^/a- homa City, OJ^la.; Milford A. Forrester, Green- TWO SIDES OF A NATIONAL QUESTION t'ille, S.C.; Chris Hernandez, Savannah, Ga.; Mylio S. Kraja, Youngstoirn, Ohio; Russell H. Laird, Des Moines, Iowa; Howard E. Lohman, pro: rep. WILLIAM J. SCHERLE (R-IOWA) Moorhead, Minn.; Frank C. Love, Syracuse, N.Y.; Arthur .M. M.icCarthy, Tallahassee, Fla.; con: rep. SEYMOUR HALPERN (R-NiY.) Loyd McDcrmott, Benton, Arl^.; Morris Meyer,

Slayh_ville, Miss.; J. H. Morris, Baton Rouge, La.; Frank W. Naylor, Jr., Kanst^s City, Kans.; Harry H. Schaffer, Pittsburgh, Pa.; George Sinopoli, Fresno, Calij.; George B. StoveV, ionestown. Pa.; Wayne L. Talbert, Manhattan, THE WAR WE ALMOST FOUGHT WITH FRANCE 20 Delphi, Ind.; ]. Cornelius Tromp, 111.; Robert H. Wilder, Dadeville, Ala.; Ed- BY THOMAS FLEMING ward McSweency, New Y ork., N.V. (Consult- ant); Chester K. Shore, Helena, Mont. (Con-

Never were France and the United States so close to war sultant) .

as they were over the Louisiana Territory in 1802-1803. The American Legion M.igaiine is published monthly at 1100 West Broadv^ay, Louisville, Ky. 40201 by The American Legion. Copyright COVER: DRAWING BV JAMES FLORA 1971 by The American Legion. Second-class postage paid at Louisville, Ky. Price: single copy, 20 cents; yearly subscription, J2.00. Order nonmember subscriptions from the Cir- Departments culation i:>epartment of The American Legion, P.O. Box 1954, Indianapolis, Ind. 46206. LETTERS TO THE EDITOR 2 NEWS OF THE AMERICAN LEGION ...31 Editorial and advertising offices: 1345 Avenue of the Americas, New York, N.Y. 10019. DATELINE WASHINGTON 3 PERSONAL 40 Wholly owned by The American Legion with National Headquarters at Indianapolis, Ind. 46206. John H. Geiger, National Commander. LIFE IN THE OUTDOORS 28 LEGION SHOPPER 47 NONMEMBER SUBSCRIPTIONS VETERANS NEWSLETTER PARTING 29 SHOTS 48 Send name and addreee, including ZIP nuijji- ber, with S2 check or money order to Circula- tion Dept., P.O. Box 1954, Indianapolis, Ind. 46206. POSTMASTER: Manuscripts, artwork, cartoons submitted for considerotion will not be returned unless a self-addressed, Send Form 3579 to P.O. Box 1954 stamped envelope is included. This magazine assumes no responsibility for unsolicited material. Indianapolis, Ind. 46206

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1971 1 remarks in your article on the nation's power crisis concerning "self-styled" LETTERS TO THE EDITOR 'conservationists,' 'ecologists' and 'en- vironmentalists,' and their potential to cripple efforts to ease or solve the crisis, I'd like to pass on this comment, made Letters i)iiblislied itecessarily do not ex- Our future is built on progress, and elec- by W. Donham Crawford, president of press tlie policy of The American Legion. Keep letters short. Name and address must tricity certainly plays an important part the Edison Electric Institute: "If you be fitrnislied. Expressions of opinion and in all of our lives. I, for one, firmly be- want to replace the internal-combustion requests for personal seri^ice are appreci- ated, but they cannot be acknowledged or lieve in the safety and the future of nu- engine with mass transit in our polluted answered, due to lack of magazine staff for clear energy. cities, if you want to recycle aluminum tliese purposes. Requests for personal serv- ices n-}iicli may be legitimately asked of Gordon A. MacDonald and steel cans into useful products, if to The American Legion should be made Des Plaines, III. you are going to try to clean up the sew- your Post Service Officer or your state (Department) American Legion Hq. Send age and rivers and lakes, if you're going letters to the editor to: Letters. The sir: Your power shortage article began to clean the air, it will take enormous American Les^ion Magazine, 1345 Avenue of the Americas. New York. N.Y. 10019. by stating five conclusions about elec- amounts of electricity." These ''enormous tric power that we can come to. May I amounts" are in addition to the galloping OUR LOOMING POWER SHORTAGE add a sixth: We are wasting an awful lot demands that are already draining our sir: Congratulations on publishing Jerry of electric energy. present sources of energy. Pournelle's "Our Looming Electric With our present system of selling R. G. Walters Power Shortage,"" in the October issue. electric energy, we are encouraging New York, N.Y. It is a subject worthy of the space and waste by using a declining rate scale. detail given to it. In our locality, we begin by paying Dr. Pournelle's article points up once per kwh, and end up by paying 2.16«- per THE UNDERRATED PRESIDENT sir: again what the New York State Action kwh, if we use enough. Thank you for shedding light on the for Clean Air Committee has been saying Not only does this discourage econ- administration of James K. Polk ("Our for some time now: We need a compre- omy, but it discriminates against the Most Underrated President: James K. hensive national fuels and power policy, poor. Their electricity is costing them Polk," October). He does, indeed, de- serve better since this is the only way we can deal about twice as much per kwh as it is a shake than history has effectively with the problems of supply costing those who can afford a second given him, as the article makes clear, and of fuel and power and the protection of (or third) air conditioner, TV set, etc. as a larger work on his one term in office the environment. Piecemeal solutions If the power companies were to adopt will confirm. will leave us worse off than we are. a method of pricing electricity with the Irv C. Gillette It is articles like Dr. Pournelle's which thought in mind of saving energy, and Hollywood, Calij. will stimulate the kind of thinking nec- thereby also reducing air pollution, essary to achieve this policy. thermal pollution and the destruction of PING PONG DIPLOMACY Kenneth Kowald, Executive Secretary our landscape, it would go a long way sir: I would like to commend Leavitt A. New York State toward easing the problem. They might Knight, Jr., on his article, "What's Be- Action for Clean Air Committee use the argument that the stockholders hind Ping Pong Diplomacy?", in the New York. N.Y. demand a fair return on their invest- October issue. It was an interesting ment. Might I say I own stock in an wrap-up and the facts were presented sir: My compliments to you on your electric utility and I consider the preser- fairly. Mr. Nixon needs the support of article on our threatened electric power vation of our environment of much more all the American people if he is to ac- shortage. It is amazing to me how many importance than my dividend check. complish what he has set out to do. experts on pollution have developed in Arthur G. Kriewaldt Mallory Knox the last few years or, as Mr. Pournelle Shawano, Wis. Jackson, Miss. so aptly put it, "self-styled'" conserva- tionists, ecologists and environmentalists. sir: With reference to your concluding INFO SOUGHT ON LT. GEN. R. L. BULLARD sir: For a work-in-progress on the life of the late Lt. Gen. Robert Lee Bullard, USA, Commander of the 1st Div., 3rd Corps; and 2nd Army of the American Expeditionary Force, I would like to hear from any veterans who had per- sonal contact with General Bullard, especially men who served with his headquarters or personal staff in France. Allan R. Millet Associate Professor of History Mershon Center Ohio State University 199 W. 10th Ave. Columbtis, Ohio 43201

ATTN: 461st BOMBARDMENT GROUP sir: For research on a history of the group, I would like to hear from former members of the 461st Bombardment Group, Army Air Force, WW2. Particu- larly helpful would be documents, but all information would be received with "Have you been running to Ann Landers with our troubles?" appreciation. Donald G. Charland 4524 Devonshire Ave. Tlir; AMI f.ICAN LKGION' MAGAZINE Lansing, Mich. 48910

2 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1971 "

Dateline Washington DEFENSE PENDULUM SWING. SETTLING SHORELINE SHOOT-OUTS? ^ EARLY WED, EARLY DIVORCED. Although Congress, in its mood of 200 miles beyond our seashore. The U.S. discontent with the Vietnam war, is still doesn't claim waters above shelf; but of a mind to cut back defense spending, some countries, having no shelf, demand there are indications the pendulum will control over their adjacent ocean, its shortly be swinging back. fish and other resources. For one thing the warning of Vice The Bureau of the Census, which gen- Admiral Hyman G. Rickover, given to a closed session of the House Appro- erally sticks to its statistics, was priations Committee last May, has been inspired to quote, "Marry in haste, , reporting results permitted to reach the press and public. repent at leisure in The outspoken father of our nuclear navy of its latest study on U.S . marriages. declared that the Russian navy will The report discloses that American soon surpass our own; and that since the men who wed before reaching 22 were Soviet army was already stronger than twice as likely to end up divorced our own, the United States might well be within two decades of married life than reduced to second-rate power. those who exchanged vows after 22. The eager fellows showed a divorce rate, For another, Rickover' s warning has 28% since been reinforced by Secretary of as against 13% by more reluctant guys. Defense Laird's revelation that in 1973 A similar two-to-one ratio, 27% the Soviet Union will match the United against 14%, was disclosed by the study States in Polaris-type missile submarines of girls marrying in their teens as and then surpass it. compared with those in their twenties. The United States must change its During the first two years, wives foreign policy or increase its strength, having children were twice as likely to be divorced. Between Admiral Rickover says—and he has a long three and ten years record of persuasiveness with Congress. of marriage, the childless or one-child wife had the greater probability of finding herself divorced. Washington observers are worried that PEOPLE & QUOTES freedom of the seas, a cherished ECONOMIC SUPPORTS remember that the most im- American tradition, is in danger. Claims 'The wage and price re- portant part of the quality of over the sea, stretching 200 miles into straints that follow the freeze life is the quality of work."

. . Asst. the ocean, have been made by a score of . will depend primarily upon George C. Guenther, countries resulting in shooting con- voluntary action ... of both Sec'y of Labor, Occup. Safety , labor and management and... and Health, frontations fishing between our fleets upon public support." Presi- RESHAPING SOCIETY and their naval patrols. dent Nixon. "Those who would look to The State Department hopes that the PHASE II GLOOM judges... to innovate and re- recurrent clashes involving our tuna "The freeze and the Phase shape our society will do well II controls outlined by the to ponder what remedy is and shrimp vessels—^which arouse Con- President are like putting a available if the world shaped gress—can be contained until 1973, when brick on top of a boiling kettle by the judicial process is not a United Nations conference can meet and to keep the lid from blowing to their liking." Chief Justice work out some international code on off." M. Friedman, economist. Warren E. Burger. free passage and fishing. PRODUCTIVITY CHANGING VALUES "Our ability to improve our Problem is that the United States "There was a time when ev- standards of living depends eryone wanted the biggest, proclaims control over 12 miles of directly on our willingness to fastest, flashiest car around as coastal water and will recognize only work to create the goods and a status symbol. Now more as much jurisdiction by other services we enjoy." Chairman people worry about durability, countries. Roche, General Motors. underwater, the insists cheapness of fuel consumption However, U.S. on QUALITY COUNTS and pollution." Virginia sovereignty over its continental shelf, "... in our quest for a better Knauer, director. Office of which at some points extends more than environment, we must always Consumer Affairs.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1971 3 By HARVEY ARDMAN the rails are in such terrible shape that freight, but they're so badly off that they those same rivals are supporting what is are barely hanging on. The tale of woe There's a drastic bill in Congress essentially a brand new public policy to is endless and of serious national con- called the Hartke-Adams Bill, de- aid the railroads. cern. signed to bail out America's freight rail- We all know about the troubles the Last year 21 of the 71 larger railroads road service. The state of the freight railroads have had with passenger traffic. lost money. Most of the others were business isn't very visible to the average It became so—unprofitable that a public barely in the black. For 23 of them cur- man. But if you want a quick idea of the corporation "Amtrak"—was formed rent liabilities exceeded their total current shape the railroads are in as freight to make sure rail passenger links be- assets.

haulers, it might bring you up short to tween the larger cities were continued. Their total working capital slipped know that truckers and bargemen who But few are aware that the freight end from over $934 million in 1955 to less compete with the railroads are pretty of railroading is in such a serious pickle than $56 million in 1970. much iur the Hartke-Adams Bill. that a statement of its troubles and The railroad industry earned 2.367% For years, the railroads yowled what's needed to overcome them reads on its investment in 1970, the poorest against their competitors and against more like the railroads' usual special of any major industry. It could have

"unfair advantages" over the railroads pleading than the awful truth. done much better if it had folded up and that public policy gave their rivals. Now Rails carry 41% of the nation's put its assets in government bonds. The The Terrible Condition of America's Freight Railroads

Our rail freight is in such a mess that its rivals

have joined with it to seek a new deal.

4 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1971 truck lines made nearly 10% on their The railway roadbeds are in bad dollar profit of 1970 into a h;il. -billion investment, barge lines nearly 9%, oil shape, while obsolescence is catching up dollar loss— all other things being equal. pipelines almost 10%. General Motors with the locomotives and cars that haul In the last ten years, the average rail- racked up profits of 18%. The Bell our freight. Poor earnings have made road worker's hourly pay has risen over

Telephone System, which, like the rail- it almost impossible for the railroads to 50%. Ten years ago the average road road industry, is heavily regulated, had finance enough new rolling stock or keep had to haul a ton of freight about 200 a profit of almost 9%. roadbeds in good shape. miles to pay one worker for one hour of

About half the locomotives now run- work. Today, it has to haul the ton nearly ning are beyond their normal life ex- 300 miles to meet the same obligation. pectancy. More than a quarter of the The railroads have S601 million in 1.8 million freight cars now in use are long-term debts now due, a sum that is over 20 years old. The condition of the more than their 1970 profit. The cash tracks they run on has been going down- isn't in sight and to refinance the debt hill since 1957, when the roads had to the interest rates will be extremely slash the replacement of rails and cross- high because of their shaky financial ties in order to meet debts and payrolls. position. While $11.6 billion has been spent on In many categories of freight haulage tracks, cars and locomotives in the last (some of them the juiciest) the railroads

ten years, it hasn't been enough for the are in competition with trucks, barges, job. pipelines and airlines. They are losing Since January 1970. the railroads have out to these others in some of the choic- been giving their employees the largest est business. wage increase in their history, in gradu- Yet we depend almost exclusively on ated steps that will continue until June the railroads for overland haulage of 1973. It will amount to over $2 billion vital bulk shipments. The railroads carry more than the employees were getting 70% of our coal. 46% of meat and at the end of 1969. dairy products, 74% of canned and The total profit of all the railroads frozen foods, 71% of household appli- in the country last year was about a half ances, 76% of automobiles and auto billion dollars (on a gross income of $12 parts, 86% of pulp and paper, 78% of billion). The wage increases through lumber and wood, 63% of chemicals. 1973 are enough to turn their half-billion 68% of primary metal products and nearly 40% of all Defense Department shipments. The national dependence on

rail freight is so enormous that, says the Labor Department, a one-week shutdown would do the nation out of nearly 6% of its year's income. An eight-week rail freight shutdown would take a 24% bite out of the gross national product and send unemployment up to 22%. Those of us on the outside are hardly conscious of the troubles. We still see the freight cars rolling by in long trains. They sometimes hold us up, or kill us at grade crossings that the railroads can't afford to eliminate. But outside of that we don't seem to sense any particular trouble that touches us.

It's there all the same, and we're pay-

ing for a lot of it without knowing i(. For example, freight service for industry has slipped so that many firms have in- creased their warehouse space as a cush- ion against the unreliabilitv of delivery of materials they must have on hand.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1971 5 CONTINUED The Terrible Condition of America's Freight Railroads

The sior;ige costs and the costs of the road in the United States. The only com- warehouses are passed on to us in the petition came from horse-drawn wagons, price of goods. Other firms turn more canals, river traffic and coastal ship- to trucks for haulage that's cheaper by ping. The railroads quickly surpassed all rail. And the extra cost is passed on to other modes of inland shipping. the consumer again. For a different ex- The big expansion began with the

ample, some time back deliveries of the end of the Civil War. Between 1 865 and magazine you are now reading failed to 1905, nearly 160,000 miles of rail were show up in the northeast one month. The laid in the U.S. (Today, over 206,000 missing issues were finally located on miles of rail are in service in this a siding in Elizabeth. N.J.. completely country.) lost track of. Problems in accounting for It was then that the railroads planted cars are an important aspect of the the seeds of their present-day difficul-

present difficulties of the railroads. Even ties. During the 1 870's and 1880's, the

more so is the problem of having empty expansion of the railroads was largely cars in the right places for new loads. responsible for the expansion of the

While the railroads are barelv man- nation. In 1 1 Western states the popu- aging to keep their noses above water lation soared in areas where most of the in 1971. and don't see how they can land would have been worthless to set-

meet 1973"s problems, it is already esti- tlers if railroads hadn't provided freight mated that by 1980 the country will and passenger service in and out. need to have them carry 46% more This era saw issues of worthless rail- freight than they do now. The way road stock and other financial frauds; things are going, they may not even be mergers that enriched railroad directors able to deliver that much freight to and impoverished stockholders; rapidly points where trucks and barges take fluctuating freight rates that made mil-

over some of it. lionaires out of some favored shippers Small wonder that in the Hartke- and ruined others. During one 18-month Adams Bill the railroad, trucking and period, the railroads paid John D. barge industries arc together on a plan Rockefeller something like $10 million to rewrite public policy on freight haul- in freight rebates on his oil shipments. age, to put all surface transportation on This was the basic advantage that let a financially sound basis, to bring road- him establish a monopoly over com- beds and rolling stock up to snuff and petitors in the oil business. to bring rates and service into a new Many railway directors encoun"ed balance. rapid and shoddy construction to qualify Since the Hartke-Adams Bill deals to for land grants and government sub- a great extent with altering past prac- sidies—and milked stockholders through tices and policies, its content is more dummy construction companies owned digestible when seen against the back- by directors and officers of the railro'^ds. ground of how the railroads got into This period saw the rise of the rail- their present woeful state. roads tycoons — Vanderbilt. Gould, Many of the railroads' current trou- Fisk. Stanford, Hopkins. They con- bles arose from the way they handled trolled the nation's largest railroads, and themselves during their overwhelming also the fate of towns, cities, states and success in decades past. regions. They dictated where the lines The first practical steam railroad was would go. what the rates would be. At demonstrated in England on Sept. 27. every opportunity they took advantage 1825, by George Stephenson. Only 11 of the government, the shippers, the con- years later, a total of 1.273 miles of rail- sumers and each other. road track reached out across the United In the early 1860"s. Cornelius Van- States from Boston to Savannah and derbilt took over two New "York City from New York to Central Ohio. lines, thereby gaining control of all di- By the time the Civil War began, rect rail traffic in and out of Manhattan. there were less than 30.000 miles of rail- ILLUSTRATED BY JAMES FLORA

74% of 467o oF canned and meaie dairy 70% of- cjoal frozen Foods products

6 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1971 In 1867, he broke off all service between track were laid, someone in Washington fluences regulatory agencies and public his roads and the New York Central, realized what was happening. On May attitudes. which linked New York City to the rest 10, 1869, the two lines were finally In 1 887, they began to pay the price. of the country. In short order, the New joined with the famous Golden Spike. That year. Congress passed the Inter- York Central was in desperate shape. It Such occurrences were common. In state Commerce Act. which created the didn't take Vanderbilt long to take con- North Carolina, the legislature issued Interstate Commerce Commission (or trol of the faltering line, which is what more than $6 million in bonds to pay ICC). It was the people's answer to the he had in mind all along. Soon after- a ring of robber barons for building 93 carelessly used power of the railroads. ward, he voted himself a personal bonus miles of railroad track worth less than The ICC was designed to bring the of $6 million in cash and $20 million $1 million. railroads under government control, to in stock. It seemed that railroad directors had see that rates were just and reasonable, A memorable railroad incident of all the power of mayors, or even gov- to prevent illegal pooling agreements, the period occurred in Utah, where ernors, with no elections to keep them to forbid discrimination between locali- the rails of the Union Pacific and the reasonably honest. By the late 1870's, ties and classes of freight, and to ride Central Pacific were eventually joined the railroads were public enemy number herd on railroad financial practices. The to create the first coast-to-coast rail link. one in the United States. railroads screamed bloody murder, but Each line had been getting up to $48,000 If the public didn't like the railroads, had no choice except to yield. Though a mile in federal loans to lay track. the railroads returned the feeling. Wil- ICC regulations were tough, the rail- But when they first met, there was liam Vanderbilt, successor to Commo- roads still had almost the entire trans- no joining. Instead, both roads con- dore Vanderbilt of the New York Cen- portation pie to themselves in those tinued to build tracks right past each tral, summed it up neatly. days, and profits were still high. other, constructing parallel roadbeds in A reporter asked him if he didn't run Then, the railroads picked up com- opposite directions. Each road laid as the New York Central for "the public petition. Barge lines increased in num- much as ten miles of track (to qualify benefit." ber and length. Technicians figured out for $480,000 in government loans) in "The public be damned." Mr. Van- how to build pipelines that could carry a single day. derbilt replied. oil and, later, lumps of coal in running After hundreds of miles of parallel The railroads created an enormous streams of water—slurries. Most impor- reservoir of ill will, a combination of tant, trucks were developed—and they fear and hatred that even today in- soon began carrying freight. In the early 1900's, the ICC did its best to protect these weak or newborn forms of competition against the mighty railroads. The ICC made sure the rail- roads didn't price truck lines out of business, or simply buy them up. Barges and trucks were given federal help, in the form of highways and water chan- nels. In short, the nation did everything possible to foster competition, and keep the railroads in their place. This pattern of regulation developed into a habit that continues to this day, when railroads are tightly regulated, heavily taxed and lightly supported with federal funds, while other modes of freight transportation are treated with care, deference and large infusions of cash. For example, railroad freight rates and routes today are 100% regulated. But an estimated 75% of what they carry could move entirely without regu-

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1971 , — 1

HARTKE CONTINUED ADAMS The Terrible Condition BILL of America's Freight Railroads

1 1 1 2/1 u I I iw^i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 m \

lation on one or more other transporta- Of course, trucks, buses and airlines cancelled. By that time, according to a tion modes. Only 39% of the inter-city pay taxes, too. But taxes from the big Congressional investigation, the govern- truck tonnage moves under ICC rules trucks fall about 20% short of covering ment had saved roughly $1.25 billion and restrictions, only 14.6% of the river what it takes simply to make highways ten times the original value of the land and canal barge traffic is regulated, strong enough to carry those heavy ve- grants. only 4.4% of the domestic deep sea traf- hicles. In the next ten years, airline taxes Aside from being at the tail end of fic is regulated, and only 1.1% of Great are expected to fall about $3.2 billion government support, the railroads suffer Lakes traffic is regulated. short of planned government aid to air- from stricter regulation than other car- Not only are railroads regulated more port facilities. riers. Restrictions against their owning than other carriers, they are taxed more. Barge lines haul freight on govern- other modes of transportation are much Railroads today pay more than 24% ment developed waterways without pay- more severe than those affecting other of their revenues in taxes, while truck ing user taxes, interest, maintenance or carriers. The rules governing railroad lines pay about 5% , buses not quite 5%, rent. The railroads say that if barge lines mergers are indescribably complex and airlines 4% and barges nothing at all. had had to pay the $14.6 billion cost difficult to meet.

The rails get it in the neck from local of waterway development their freight The ICC strictly controls the chang- taxes. Unlike many industries, they can't rates would be far higher than railroad ing of railroad freight rates. While the pick up and move elsewhere when taxes rates. They'd surely be higher than they original motive was to keep the roads soar, and no communities woo them are—even if how much higher is subject from charging too much or being dis- with favorable inducements to relocate. to the normal fog that surrounds rival criminatory when they had a monopoly,

Many state and local governments tax claims. the same controls have made it hard for them at a higher rate than they tax At the moment, no significant govern- them to reduce rates in order to comnete other industry. The roads claim that ment expenditures to help build or im- freely with other carriers. In recent nearly a quarter of the $300 million they prove railroad freight facilities are years, the rails have lost money by not pay in yearly property taxes to state and planned, and the rails look back to the being able to raise their rates in line with

local governments is discriminatory. 1800's for the last substantial aid they national inflation, and they've lost more If they pay more in taxes they get less got. Then, the federal government gave by not being able to reduce rates where

in government aid. In 1970, the most them land grants. By 1871, it had given it would help them get business that recent year for which there are com- 80-odd railroads 131 million acres of they can carry more cheaply than any-

plete figures, government at all levels land, at that time worth about $125 mil- one else. spent nearly $25 billion on various lion. It was used in the construction of Even when the ICC has let the rail- transportation modes—highways, water- about 19,000 miles of rail line, and in roads change rates, the agency has often ways, airports, etc. Of this, the rail- settlement along the rights of way. It taken years to give permission. Such

roads got about one seventh of 1 % involved less than 10% of our total delays, the railroads claim, hive cost

most of it to reimburse those in the trackage. them billions. For example, the South- northeast for losses suffered in com- In return, all the railroads—including ern Railway wanted to lower rates on muter operations. Last year wasn't ex- those which received no grants—agreed shipments of meat, bread, butter and ceptional. During the last 15 years, to carry government freight and person- milk to compete with other carriers. government has spent $246 billion on nel at half price, and mail at 20% less The ICC took two years to approve the air, highway and waterway traffic im- than standard freight rates. lower rates—which now save consum- provements. Not until 1946 was this agreement ers $30 million to $40 million a year.

8 THE AMERIC/iN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1971 )

Even though the ICC acts slowly and these requests individually, weighing reluctantly on rate reductions, the rail- the railroad's financial woes against pub- roads have reduced freight rates since lic interest. Until a decision is reached, the late 1950's. The average revenue per the railroad must continue to operate ton-mile in 1970 was slightly less than the line, sometimes with heavy losses. in 1958—despite the fact that the con- Even when the ICC recognizes the sumer price index rose 35% in that need for abandonment, its pace can be period. catastrophically slow for the rail line. In The railroads have faced similar 1960, for instance, a special ICC inves- problems with the ICC in connection tigation into the bankrupt New Haven with abandoning track that is no longer Railroad revealed that one of its prob- profitable. Though 95% of the track lems was a maze of unprofitable branch

in the United States is just where it was lines. The investigators suggested that

laid down long ago, the industry it orig- 1,200 miles of light traffic density line be inally serviced has moved and shifted reviewed for pruning. The New Haven from area to area. made applications to abandon this track-

In New England, for instance, the age. But the ICC took its time even with textile mills that were once the railroads' abandonments that only amounted to biggest freight customers in the area ten-mile stretches. By the end of the New have gone, but the track remains, and Haven's operation as a separate railroad the roads have to keep serving the re- (it was absorbed by the now-bankrupt maining customers—often at a loss. Penn Central in the late 1960's), it had Now. about 40% of the trackage been able to shed only 235 of the recom- handles 90% of the New England freight mended 1,200 miles. —which means that the other 60% car- The railroads have introduced rela- ries only 10% of the area's cargo. tively few innovations to help solve their There's a similar situation in parts of problems, so that what they are operat-

the Midwest. In Iowa, for example, ing is very largely antiquated and obso- there's a rail line nearly every six miles lescent. They say they are fully aware —because, in days past, the normal of this. They add that, in the face of horse and cart could travel only 12 almost total regulation, many of their miles a day. six miles to the track, then ideas have been frustrated from the start six miles back. Today, trucks have made by artificial restrictions, while poor earn- most of these rail lines obsolete. Yet the ings have kept them from afl'ording rails must operate them at a loss for the others. Even so. they say they made what little remaining business. innovations they could during the 1950's The railroads say they simply can't and 1960's to keep freight operations afford to run branch lines that produce profitable. only red ink. Shippers couldn't either, if The most publicized of these, perhaps,

they paid what it costs, the railroad com- was piggybacking. The concept of put- panies claim. According to the railroads, ting fully loaded truck vans on railroad

the solution is to leave freight service in flatcars was invented in the early 1950's. such areas totally to truck lines which It was intended to greatly reduce the connect with rail lines. Profitable truck labor cost involved in transferring a load rates would be somewhat higher in many from truck to train and back again. In cases, but not as high as would be neces- some cases, this can run as high as 75% sary to run losing branch rail lines at a of the entire freight charge. Piggyback- profit. ing was an immediate success. Since Whenever a railroad wants to abandon 1955, there's been an eightfold increase

an existing branch line, it must file a re- in piggyback traffic.

quest with the ICC. The ICC judges ( Continued on page 4 1

TRAINS CAN MOVEOME TON OF FREIGHT FOR

Vfe**^ The accidents VtO^^ THE LAND THAT TRUCKS REQUIRE EQOITABLE TAXATION

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1971 9 1>I( TOUIAI. M \I!C \ KVt l.VM-. HI USHIMM HM'IU) ( ; U I LLU M ETTE PARADE

Villingen, Germany 10 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1971 UAPHO GUILLUMETTE/K. W. GUI,I,i:i!<

RAY wn LIN 'BLATK STAR

Sopo, Colombia, S.A.

PKTORIAL PAP.ADU

Stockholm, Sweden

CHRISTMAS is celebrated more widely as Nigeria's tropical heat. The girl with than any other single holiday, as the burning candles for a crown in the photos here suggest. The method of Sweden represents a custom that is far celebration is not the same everywhere, older than Santa's visitations. The Co- Manila, Philippines though Santa Claus, in all his cold lombian and Philippines photos show LONDON EXPKES.S/PICTORIAL PAFIADE weather regalia, seems to have taken more ornate religious pageants than over in New Zealand's summer as well ours. KAPHO GUILLUMETTE

Auckland, New Zealand

Charlotte, North Carolina jhe AMERICAN legion magazine • December 1971 11 - !

75 Years of American Newspaper Comics

THE YEAR just ending is the 75th year of American newspaper comic strips and panels, according to the Newspaper Comics Council, Inc.. of New Yortc (an " association of 13 syndicators of newspa- /lAy CLUB per features). Comics, even as we know them, appeared earlier than 1896. They evolved imperceptibly out of editorial cartoons. But before 1896 none ap- peared regularly, and many were simply one-shots. In Feb. 1896, Richard Out- cault's "Down in Hogan's Alley," fea-

Officer Pup, Krazy Kat and Ignatz Mouse, the three main characters of George Her- riman's "Krazy Kat." Krazy Kat was naive. Ignatz usually hit him with a brick for be- ing so naive. Officer Pup usually put Ignatz

in jail, because using bricks was going too far. To Kat, the bricks were a token of af- fection. Readers expected the brick-toss Copr 1918. King Ftaturn Syndicitc, Inc.. World rifhtt rcwrvtd. every day. GEORGH HERRIMAN— "KRAZY KAT."—© 1938, KING FEATURES SYNDICATE. INC.

G*©r, <3«G<3UES'. ^OLiR ASfl6MA"riSM UP AfA' J)OUlA PARPOKiABLB,-WA?,'-^T FELrf-rt^E SAME | \'1^\S S-tRIKifi OF "TRoQ-r.' — WAV \AiME)^ X 5>^^o-r MV FiRs-r ELtPMAt^-t .' ^ LE-T ME EYPLAI^i HOU) I'LL NES/S*. V=0«5tT ttyj\ AlJP MBMORV, Voa WILL PeCALL Voti CAUfiH'f fnlose 'Tcoii'T^I SPEKil' Qli\-fYlAi6 -rU' StREAM tTas-r AS -fwio Hours HtOrTiciMs -rwe uiiuv BWT I'U.CRV A U0T »AO«E: 1 ^AR-TeP, — Aki' ALL NOO CREA-rURES -To -Tt^AT PART OF -Tt^E r«3 AFTERI LEAWE NOD'. Ho cAafiM'f uiAs Moac brea-ti^ crTREAM.-^VlHlcM REQLilRES THE N^TTBP*. >NHEWE L /HA \O0R i)d <5M0R-1' GASPS'.-^ 07 COLiRSe 'et^lLL OF A WAL-Toi^,—'A|>JP WtNUJ_ REACHiAJCW > APPEAREI? MAUE AROUND THE >WOWLD VoLi'LL-fetL ME ABOii-T-TVi'o^iES VoO I LETVoa f-ry\kr GcrC AvdAV ' —- vJELL, Tt^E SIMPLE (SesTURE OF CA-rcHljUG V^ERE -fhlEV' . -THEM, v,--^ BaT -True -To Voli-r^^, Moii... ARE'., TAkfE ALL-rHe_cpEDrr OF Afd BLDBR's) ,P10XiEER(/a<3 A

r'H-\HI,IE PLUMB "EI. LA CINDERS," g UNITED FEATURES SYNDICATE. INC.

From the day Charlie Plumb created her in 1925, befreckled Ella Cinders (an obvious takeoff on Cinderella) held a wide audience \ 1 on a diet of sentiment, heartbreak and overt pathos. ^1 The pompous Major Hoople (right) was the 7-2 2. -'-^ usual star of Gene Ahern's "Our Boarding LVP^ MHRBLV House," a daily single panel. Hoople's brag was as Impervious as a rhinoceros hide to

GENE AHERN— - OUR BOARDING HOUSE." —© NEA SERVICE the taunting contempt of his fellow board- ers and landlady.

12 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1971 ^ .

Walter Kelly started the saga of Pogo and his swamp-dwelling an'mal friends as a PAP^R P^Vei^l^S-' If eUOMS AN' political strip supporting Truman in the C&UI^W\^I^6 Its WAV fHieu ilMRBALirK 1948 elections. When his creatures broad- fiAMCVAN'r^ANIASy. ened their area of comment to parody al- most all human foibles, Pogo's audience swelled by the millions.

turing the Yellow Kid, started to appear regularly in the old N.Y. World. Even the Yellow Kid had appeared as a one- shot in 1895. Today, by mutual con- sent, the birth of the comics is traced to the Yellow Kid as a regular feature in 1896. The Kid was a crudely drawn urchin, wearing a featureless sort of nightgown, who spoke in gutter slang. Though balloons coming out of char- acters' mouths had long been used in political cartoons, what the Yellow Kid said was written in bad spelling on his "nightgown." As a steady feature he was an immense success. Soon Outcault came up with the much better drawn © 1959, WALT KELLY, PUBLISHER'S-HALL SYNDICATE

JUDGE HAVES STUDENT CHUTISTS DIED. JUDGE **PARACHUTE INSTRUCTOR AID POLICE." NOLAN CAN- MURDERED IN CELED HIS BONO. I WAS AFRAID THIS MIGHT

CHESTER GOULD—DICK TRACY,"—© 1946, ABOVE © 1971, THE CHICAGO TRIBUNE—NEW YORK NEWS SYNDICATE THE CHICAGO TRIBUNE—NEW YORK NEWS SYNDICATE

Chester Gould's "Dick Tracy" is called the first police comic strip. 1946, B.O. married Gravel Gertie (left, above). Soon their child.

Gould couldn't play it straight. Tracy hfmself is deliberately over- Sparkle Plenty (who had plenty of sparkle), was born. At right, done as a grim, serious officer. Like Al Capp, Gould was soon in- B.O. Plenty is still with us, watching a 1971 TV show of campus ventinir characters who had only one characteristic, and a name violence in which daughter Sparkle gets involved. The kitchen to suit. B.O. Plenty (like Pigpen in "Peanuts" and Al Capp's Lone- stove TV is typical Tracy technology. Dick Tracy had a two-way some Polecat) has plenty of body odor. Unlike Lonesome Polecat's wrist radio before transistors. neighbors, the other Tracy characters don't seem to notice it. In PERCY CROSBY •SKIPPY," a 1934 NEA SEItVICK

0 I9;4. Kjn£ Tdikrci S.rdiiJtf. Inc. CifJi bit I've GoTATeRRiBce MEMORY. ALREAPV I Tomorrow what YA Did FokG(;t what I did Toe?AY? ] L6N0 ME A YesreROAY.

Percy Crosby, a WW1 army officer, was essentially a versatile, ac- him best for Skippy, a child whose casual, relaxed unscrupulous- complished, serious artist, writer and poet. But the world knows ness is well shown in this 1334 strip.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1971 13 a

CONTINUED Buster Brown and his bulldog, Tige. 75 Years of American Newspaper Comics Buster demonstrated the latent power of the comics when mothers started dress- ing their darling sons just like Buster Brown. Today, the kids buy their own Charlie Brown sweat shirts. 5(6WTHI5...IT AB^OLVE^ There isn't a single thing you can say about the comics that's true of all of ME FROM ALL BLAME... them, except that each has appeared regularly and any that lasted found a big audience. Many were not funny, and

would have been out of character if

they'd tried to be. Mary Worth is a sort of successful soap opera in ink. Tarzan,

The people, the dog and the bird that popu- late Charles Schuiz' "Peanuts" may set a record for the number of different, beloved characters steadily maintained in one strip. Charlie Brown, Lucy, Schroeder, Linus, Snoopy, Woodstock, Pigpen, Peppermint Patty and their colleagues could support

half a dozen strips. At left, Lucy is up to her usual imperious tricks, getting Snoopy to add his name to a petition that will for-

ever absolve her of all blame for anything. Her stony heart melts only for Schroeder, who vastly prefers Beethoven. CHARLES SCHULZ— "PEANUTS."— (M 1967, UNITED FEATURES SYNDICATE, INC,

DID NOU EVER STOP ID THINK - \A/WEN 00 I GET A. VACATION? — MXIRS SmJJTS WHEN SCHOOL CLOSES, BUT I GO R\GMT ON COOKING MEALS -LOOKING AFTEP VOUP CLOTHES AND DOING VOUR WASHING — YOU COMPLAIN ABOUT CLEANING UP "mE CELLAR, BUT I DON"' HAVE A VACATION FROM ONE YEAR*;

END ID' THE NEK

AD CAHTEIl 'MILST KIIIS, -a 10.11, KIN(; F1C.\TUHK,S .SYNDIC.\TK, INC.

Ad Carter's "Just Kids" (above) and Gene Byrnes' "Reg'lar Fellers" were much alike, portraying the fun, woes, quar- rels and rivalries of small boys. Carter often placed char- acters in the background who said and did things having no apparent relation to the main strip—old men hurrying

by saying "Darn such weather!" or little girls telling smaller girls to "Look up and down before crossing the street." Few other cartoonists have felt so free to add (seemingly) irrelevant background scenes to their main themes. Actually, they supported a Carter theme that little boys are only part of a larger world with other cares—

painful fact of childhood that is the central theme in the two panels above.

Frank King started "Gasoline Alley" as a single panel, en-

larged it to a strip. The boy, Skeezix, was born and grew up in the strip. For years, Skeezix called the central adult character "Unca Walt." But when he grew out of baby

talk he changed it to Uncle Walt, as at right. FRANK KING—"GASOLINE ALLEY," © 1937, THE CHICAGO TRIBUNE—NEW YORK NEWS SYNDICATE 14 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1971 CHIC YOUNG- -"THE BUMSTEADS."—© 1930, KING FEATURES SYNDICATE, INC.—ABOVE © 1957

Probably the three greatest eaters in comic strips have been Chic Young's Dagwood (in the strip "Blondie") has changed re- Dagwood Bumstead with his enormous sandwiches; E. C. Segar's markably. That's Dagwood, above, with the slicked down hair in Popeye, who ate spinach for strength to beat up villains (below, 1930, just before he and Blondie were wed. Blondie was then just right) and Popeye's hamburger eating friend, Wimpy. In the 1937 dumb. Today, she's smarter than Dagwood. At right, the modern panel at left, below. Wimpy couldn't keep his teeth out of the tufted Dagwood absorbs some of Mr. Dithers' temper. For all he hamburger for ten minutes though offered $20,000 if he would. eats, marriage has slimmed Dagwood.

\F WNLl. SET THERE HOLD X ^THf^T H(NMBORGER TFOR TEtA

—/ MIKUTES W\THOUT T^NK\b4'

SEGAR "I'OPEVE THE SAILOR" g 1937 KING FEATURES SVNUICATE, INC.

Buck Rogers, Prince Valiant, etc., have KIN GIT THIS WEDDIN' been straight adventure stories. The only T>^is CAIN'T HURRVUP^-EFAH HAPPEN] INI SUIT BACK BV 9 A.M., AH SAVES TH'NlCKKi- humor in such features as Superman has BE N-NOT AFTER ALL been the exaggeration of reality, a TH' V ARS AH HAS f -AN SO AH NOW PPONOUNaS theme that Batman took to even greater SUCCESSruL-LV ^V. VO:vO' PANIC-STRICKEN extremes for the purpose of making it D-DODGCD \Trr LOUT-AN'VO' NO'BOOTIFIJL funny. TREMBI-IN; VOUKIG MORSEU Among hundreds and hundreds of MAN 4N'- successful comics which have delighted audiences, we have selected a precious few to illustrate here, all of which point

Al Capp's Li'l Abner Yokum has always been innocently impervious to almost everything, including voluptuous young women whom

Capp supplied aplenty. But at right is the famous scene in 1952 when Daisy Mae finally hooked him—to his own astonish- ment. This, said Mammy Yokum, made the dreams of millions of decent people come true. •LI L ABNER, ® IE UNITED FEATURES SYNDICATE. INC.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1971 15 CONTINUED I DIDN'T SAY TO 75 Years of American DOWN IN My CHAIR; Newspaper Comics

up the most successful technique of all.

That is to invent characters who delight readers, and then be true to them. Far from depending on jokes— let alone new jokes every day—they depend on being the same week in and week out. The readers want each installment to be true to what they expect of the characters, and to see new situations which in some endearing way (funny or not funny) are true to the unchanging characters. The great comics, for the most part, have been as different from mere "jokes" as Jack Benny's programs have been from BILL KAVANAGH & HAL CAMP—"BRINGING UP FATHER,"— 1970. © KING FEATURES SYNDICATE, INC. one-shot TV gag shows. In George McManus' early "Bringing Up Father," Jiggs was an Irish-American Nothing has succeeded quite so much who rose above his economic class. His violent wife, Maggie, put on high society airs while he as this development of steady characters. preferred his old ways and companions. How he made his money, nobody knows, it Most often, the funniest of them have but only made him miserable. To have a poker night out with the boys, and dine on corned rellected in some ludicrous and exag- beef and cabbage, was all he wanted. Many a strip was based on how he sneaked out of gerated way human traits and fo'bles the house. Maggie beat him up for that, and still does (as above) even for lesser sins. In that we all recognize. There has been no later years, their characters didn't change but the nature of the situations was altered end to the variations which the success- to fit changing times. ful cartoonists have built on this frame-

work. The basic invention is characters that readers love. A German cartoonist, Wilhelm Busch, created two boys—Max and Moritz. They roared Some strips have depended on one or with laughter as they pulled outrageous pranks on their elders—until they were ground two or three characters. Caspar Milque- to hash and fed to geese. William Randolph Hearst saw them and in 1897 he had Rudolph toast was a success as the portrait of one Dirks create an American imitation, the Katzenjammer Kids, starring Hans, Fritz, Der human quality—timidity—with only Captain, Mamma and Der Inspector. In 1912, in a battle with the N.Y. World, a second one star. Maggie and Jiggs. Mutt and strip with the same characters came into being—The Captain and the Kids. Instead of Jeff, Joe Palooka and many others made being ground to hash, Hans and Fritz led a deathless double life in both strips, setting off out for decades with small, standard firecrackers, sinking boats, sawing legs off chairs, etc., to the delight of ever new casts, hewing to rigid, proven roles. But generations of slapstick lovers.

IT SAYS IN 0\S BOOK ON PSVCHUhA-OLOeV, CAPTAIN, DOT PERE ISS NO SUCH riK/6 AS ABAD CHILD/

JOE MUSIAL— "THE KATZENJAMMER KIDS,"—® 1957, KING FEATURES SYNDICATE, INC.

16 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1971 Carl Schulz ("Peanuts"), Al Capp ("Li'l readers have aged more than they have. Abner"), Chester Gould ("Dick It's a shock to think that Charlie Brown Tracy"), E. C. Segar ("Popeye the ought to be out of college by now and Sailor" which was originally "Thimble Dennis the Menace could have a family Theater") and Walt Kelly ("Pogo") of his own. But who'd want that? brought on new characters galore, and THE END managed large casts with many in star- ring roles. So, of course, did Milt Caniff in his straight and artistically ornate adventure strips. Many a strip changed its leading char- acter, and, over the years, its whole character. Snuffy Smith was originally a secondary character in "Barney Goo- gle." The point of the original "Blondie" was that Blondie was an empty-headed blonde, with Dagwood her straight man. These days, Blondie is as dumb as a fox and it's Dagwood who's genuinely be- wildered. It all subtly changed after they were married 41 years ago. Blondie, Dagwood and their children have aged a bit—but not 41 years. In some strips no- body ages. In others, the children age but not the adults ("Dick Tracy"). In Pea- nuts and other kid strips, maturing would spoil everything, but Linus seems to have aged a little if we aren't mis- taken. Meanwhile, if the comics have changed with the times and vigorous new ones keep being born—many an oldster hangs on. If they are 75 years old, the

BACK OF, tMen

MORT WALKER "BEETLE BAILEY," ® 1971, KING FEATURES SYNDICATE, INC.

Gl cartoons have come and gone, but Mort Walker got Beetle Bailey going in 1950 and he's survived. The panel above gives a pretty good idea why. Strictly snafu.

Preposterous inventions went into our language as "Rube Goldbergs," thanks to the absurd devices the late Rube Goldberg concocted in cartoons for decades. Just as absurd was his aptly named cartoon strip character—Boob McNutt—who delighted America as the unchallenged world cham- pion moron for decades. At right. Boob McNutt is himself the demonstrator of a Goldbergian invention designed to keep pets dry in the rain. RUBE GOLDBERG—"BOOB McNUTT,"—© 1971, KING FEATURES SYNDICATE, INC.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1971 17 WASHINGTON Opposing Views by Congressmen on The Question PRO & CON

SHOULD THE OFFICE OF

THE Office of Economic Opportunity should be dis- OEO legal service pro- mantled and junked. gram was initiated to pro- The OEO and its allies in the so-called war on pov- vide bona fide civil legal erty have such an unsavory reputation and history service to the poor in ob- that the sincere people the agency was set up to help taining equal justice under will not participate. law. This objective I sup- Don't get me wrong! I am not recommending that port. The program was not federal programs to help the underprivileged be aban- intended to subsidize ef- doned. The poor must be assisted. But the OEO has forts of radicals to harass accumulated a pile of bureaucratic blunders of extra- society. ordinary size, even for the federal government. The Job Corps, now

Throughout its brief history, OEO has acted as a transferred to the Labor Rep. William J. Scherle virtual magnet for luckless idealism and reckless mis- Department, failed to (R-lowa) /th District management. What has been clearly demonstrated by achieve its purpose—to the thousands of examples of waste, inefficiency and train young people for jobs—under OEO. One survey downright fraud is that the OEO is much too dis- showed that only 17 out of every 100 accepted for organized to hs able to manage its multiplicity of di- training were placed in jobs. Can the poor afford such verse activities effectively. a low batting average? The President has taken a giant step in the right Multiple funding of poverty programs—with monies direction by pi'uning OEO programs and transferring supplied by the OEO and several other government some of them to other govei-nment agencies, which agencies—is causing a major problem in that there is can run the projects more efficiently. no way to determine which has jurisdiction. They all It would take a room full of filing cabinets to hold contribute funds but nobody takes responsibility. all the documents outlining the shocking abuses and The Congress is extending the OEO and the Eco- extravagant waste rampant in the OEO. nomic Opportunity Act for another two years. We Highlighting the list of outrageous shenanigans is should immediately launch a thorough reappraisal the OEO legal services program. In Indianapolis, the and investigation of OEO and its programs to deter- misguided students of jurisprudence distributed mine how the federal government can best provide thousands of cards in that city's lower-income neigh- assistance to the poor. borhoods giving advice on the "art of non-coopera- tion" with police. "Budding barristers" in St. Louis defended and counseled local militant groups which participated in illegal demonstrations and disorders.

If you wish to let your i Congressman or one of your Senators know how you feel on this is

18 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1971 ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY BE ABOLISHED?

"NO" DEFINITELY NOT! will be left for the Office of Economic Opportunity? The poor and the The Office of Economic Opportunity will be left downtrodden need a gov- free to innovate and to devise new methods of helping ernment agency that is an the poor. For example, the guaranteed income plan is advocate and a spokesman, now being studied by OEO, with several tests under- so that the momentum we way throughout the country. have built up to eradicate The agency also is testing the feasibility of perform- poverty in our time will ance contracting in education, and is designing special continue. programs for America's Spanish-speaking poor. The Office of Economic As a result, the OEO will continue to help the pov- Opportunity's record over erty-stricken through research and demonstration Rep. Seymour Halpern the past few years is con- projects which, when proven to be successful, will (R-New York) vincing evidence of the then be spun off to other government agencies. 6th District American people's dedica- OEO's range of programs reaches some 11 million tion to helping lift unfortunate Americans out of of the 24 million Americans whose income drops them poverty. below the poverty line. Thousands of migrant workers Let me say at the outset that any bureaucracy will and Indians now have some hope for the future be- result in some waste and bungling, but the overall cause of OEO's activities. success of OEO programs is indisputable. VISTA The OEO already has demonstrated new ways for

(Volunteers in Service to America) , Headstart (the delivering top-flight medical care to the poor. The

training of poor pre-school children) , the Job Corps, OEO is now placing emphasis on the aged poor, the and Upward Bound (the training of young people to fastest growing segment of our poverty population. enable them to go to college) are tangible evidence We must continue to have an active, effective agency of the agency's effectiveness. working to give our less fortunate citizens the help The Administration is moving to reorganize our they require to share more fully in the abundance programs for the poor. Programs which have shown our country offers. that they are effective and should be continued have been transferred to other government departments for operation and funding. Other working programs which also have proven themselves, such as the Community Action Agencies and the Legal Services Program, will be transferred from OEO over the next few months. You may ask that when the Administration com- I have read in The American Legion IVIagazine for De- pletes its reorganization of povertj^ programs, what cember the arguments in PRO & CON: Should The Office Of Economic Opportunity Be Abolished?

IN MY OPINION THE OFFICE OF ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY the "ballot" and mail it to him. 1^ ssue, fill out SHOULD BE n SHOULD NOT BE ABOLISHED. SIGNED ADDRESS TOWN STATE

You can address any Representative c/o U.S. House of Representatives, Wash- ington, D.C. 20515; any Senator c/o U.S. Senate, Wastiington, D.C. 20510.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1971 19 THHRH ARE A number of episodes in American history about which our usual impressions are tame compared to the actual events. The full story of the The War We Almost Louisiana Purchase is certainly one of them. When Thomas Jefferson bought the whole middle of the present con- An account of events in 1802-03, when we geared tinental United States from France in 1803. far more was involved than a land deal. before, but in 1802 Napoleon was about land, ready to cross the Atlantic and

Never were France and the United to take it back. President Jefferson and fight the United States. States so close to war as they were over virtually every American were deter- The United States beefed up her the Louisiana Territory in 1802-03. The mined that he would not. army and navy, strengthened her forts idea of our buying anything more than If necessary. Jefferson was ready to and prepared for hostilities anywhere the mouth of the Mississippi and its go to war to keep France out. But only from Canada to the Gulf. At the same Gulf approaches never came up until the if necessary. time, Americans smuggled arms to reb- last chapter of the story. Until the very Congress, on the other hand, was els on Haiti to keep the French tied last minute, any sort of purchase seemed screaming for war and almost pushed down there. out of the question and war seemed Jefferson into one. Napoleon put an This doesn't read quite like a "pur-

imminent. army in Haiti, ready to send part of it chase." though that's how it ended. France, the original owner, had to New Orleans. He put another in Hol- Too often our history books make the turned Louisiana over to Spain years Louisiana Purchase sound like a stroke of good luck—which is a tiny part of the truth. Other histories concentrate

on describing it as the greatest real estate

Muskets and militia arrive at strategic Fort Adams, on the Mississippi above New Orleans, to bolster U.S. forces there to meet

20 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1971 —

Fought With France By THOMAS FLEMING

that brought us to the brink of war with for war against Napoleon Bonaparte over Louisiana. France. Few know anything about the gunboats that plowed down the Missis- sippi, the reinforcements of men and deal or the largest peaceful acquisition and parts of Minnesota, Colorado and cannon that were rushed to the Louisi- of territory in history. Both true enough. Wyoming eventually came into the ana border. Even fewer know that the While all the fuss centered primarily on nation. Lewis and Clark expedition to the Ore- histories New Orleans and the control of the Other describe the Purchase gon coast was born out of this same of the Mississippi, the territory as an American diplomatic triumph, mouth emergency, or that its primary purpose that finally which to extent it we obtained stretched from some was. President in its early stages was military recon- the Gulf of Mexico to the Canadian bor- Thomas Jefferson and Secretary of State naissance for the war that seemed in- der, from the Mississippi to the Rockies. James Madison outthought, outmaneu- evitable in 1803. It contained 828,000 square miles, 529,- vered and outbluffed the shrewdest Until they were discovered only a few acres. this and crookedest politicians in 911,680 From immense — Europe. years ago, the papers proving this had chunk of North America the states of But seldom, even in the most authori- lain unnoticed in the archives of the Louisiana, Arkansas, Oklahoma, Mis- tative accounts of this great event, has it War Department for more than 150 souri, Kansas, Iowa. Nebraska, South been made clear that the mighty ac- years. Dakota, North Dakota and Montana, quisition was primarily achieved by a The drama began early in the year tough display of our military muscle 1802. when President Jefferson and Secretary of State Madison learned that Spain, in a secret treaty signed at San

Ildefonso on October 1 . 1 800, had ceded Louisiana back to France. Since 1762,

the territory, in spite of its French name,

had been owned by Spain. It had been given to the Spanish by King Louis XV of France as a consolation for losses suf- fered in a disastrous war that the Span- iards and the French had fought with England between 1756 and 1763. Louisi- ana remained relatively untouched by our own Revolutionary War. and when Spain recognized American independ- ence, the two nations became fairly good neighbors. The old Spanish Empire no longer had territorial ambitions. Its only desire was

to hold on to what it already possessed. The Spaniards had readily agreed to let the farmers of western Pennsylvania, the Ohio Territory, Tennessee and Ken- tucky use New Orleans as a port for their produce. To Americans, the one overriding issue was that the mouth of the Mississippi be forever open to our trade. The return of France to the American continent was another matter. France was no longer the ally who had helped America win her independence. Shaken by years of bloody revolution, she had abandoned all pretense of democracy and placed her political destiny in the hands of Napoleon Bonaparte. Thomas Jefferson and James Madison had absolutely no illusions about Na- poleon. They saw him as a dangerous, enormously ambitious egotist who had already swallowed half the countries of Europe. In a style not dissimilar to the Russian approach to expansion in the 20th century. Napoleon sometimes used direct conquest, but more often sparked revolutions in countries he coveted, and expected French drive into Louisiana Territory then installed puppet governments.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1971 21 CONTINUED m-TTMANN ARCHIVE The War We Almost Fought With France

The moment the American President and his advisers heard about the treaty of San Ildefonso. they suspected that Napoleon, forced to sign a temporary truce with England in Europe, was hop- ing to restore France's empire in the New World. Anyone who possessed New Or- leans could cut off the whiskey, wheat, cotton and corn which western America exported through that city. With their prosperity destroyed, westerners would become easy prey to French style revo- lutionizing. President Jeflferson immediately fired off a letter to Robert R. Livingston, the wealthy New Yorker who was the Amer- ican ambassador in Paris. He told Liv- ingston to try to buy New Orleans and East and West Florida as well. This in- cluded not only the Florida peninsula, The Louisiana Territory (dark color) purchased from France. Originally, U.S. was Interested only in owning the area around New Orleans and its Gulf approaches. but the Gulf coasts of present-day Loui- siana, Alabama and Mississippi. Jefferson "Every eye in the United States is now picturing him as a weak, ineffective in- did not mince words in making clear his fixed on this affair of Louisiana," he told tellectual. They began hammering even reaction to France's return to Louisiana. Ambassador Livingston. "Perhaps noth- harder on this theme. "The day that France takes possession ing since the Revolutionary War has pro- But even before confirmation of the

of New Orleans . . . from that moment duced more uneasy sensations through treaty of San Ildefonso reached Wash- we must marry ourselves to the British the body of the nation." ington, when the news was only in the fleet and nation." This was no exaggeration, for Jelfer- rumor stage. Jefferson appointed Wil- This was how far the President said son was calmer than most Americans. liam C. C. Claiborne, a vigorous 26-year- he was ready to go to protect America's Some Western politicians, such as An- old Virginian, as governor of the old vital interest. He knew that George III drew Jackson of Tennessee, had long Mississippi Territory that bordered on and the arrogant men in charge of the been inclined to seize New Orleans and Louisiana. Claiborne bought muskets English government were still unrecon- the surrounding territory from the Span- and organized the militia among the ciled to America's independence. But ish. Although they were politically loyal American settlers in the territory, while Jefferson was ready to talk about an al- to Jelferson. they began to criticize him he kept Jefferson informed about what liance with them to blunt the far more for not taking strong enough measures. was happening in New Orleans. Jeffer- dangerous thrust of Napoleon's nuli- In Congress, Jefferson's political op- son soon backed him up with all the tarism. ponents, the Federalists, were fond of military muscle he could muster. On November 30, 1802, Sec'y of War Henry Dearborn launched a reen- listment policy to keep the small Ameri- can army at full strength. Any man who reenlisted had three months discounted from his previous hitch. A recruiting campaign was launched throughout the nation and centers were set up for re- ceiving new soldiers at Fredericktown, Md.; Nashville, Tenn.; Cincinnati, Ohio, and Salisbury, N.C. Two of the most experienced soldiers in the army. Col. Thomas Butler and his brother. Capt. Edward Butler, were rusked to Fort Adams, below present- day Natchez on the Louisiana line, to take command of four companies of infantry and three companies of artillery

concentrated there. On Jan. 3, 1803, Claiborne wrote Secretary of State Madison that he could, with this force plus the 2,000 militia he had organized, easily seize New Orleans any time the government gave him the green light. But if war was to come, Jefferson

In 1802, Napoleon stationed an army in Holland, prepared to sail for Louisiana was determined not to fire the first shot. on his orders. It was one of two forces he planned to commit to the invasion. While he got ready to fight, he redou-

22 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1971 bled the diplomatic pressure on Na- pedition, his brother-in-law, Charles 100 men a day and must have 10,000 poleon. He sent to France as a personal Leclerc. reinforcements immediately. envoy his good friend Pierre Samuel Du Throughout the final months of 1802, Secretary of State Madison wrote Pont de Nemours, founder of the great tension built up on both sides of the At- again to Ambassador Livingston, sug- Du Pont industrial complex. Du Pont lantic. An American soldier of fortune gesting that if he'd redouble his efforts was told to warn Napoleon that if he from Kentucky, serving in the French to buy New Orleans, he might yet get went ahead with his plan he would army that arrived in Haiti, smuggled an ear. The French after all were fight- create a "tornado which will burst on a message to the American consul on ing "a protracted and expensive war" to the countries of both sides of the At- the island. He warned that part of the reconquer a single island, and—the Sec- lantic." expeditionary force was "ultimately des- retary implied—they would hardly want Neither Ambassador Livingston nor tined for Louisiana." A few days later, to embroil themselves in a war with the Du Pont got anywhere with Napoleon. the American consul himself showed up United States as well. Livingston had to deal with one of the in Washington, expelled from the island Napoleon wasn't yet ready to have brainiest diplomats in European his- by General Leclerc for protesting the his arm twisted. He responded with an tory, France's Foreign Minister Charles arrest of American ships' captains who ugly counterthreat. The Gazette de Maurice Talleyrand. For months, Talley- were running guns to the black rebels. France, which was the Pravda of Na- rand kept the ambassador away from Madison wrote to Livingston that poleon's Paris, published a violently hos-

Napoleon and insisted that he knew "Louisiana . . . becomes daily more and tile article accusing the United States nothing about a treaty with Spain ced- more a source of painful apprehen- of fomenting and supporting the black ing Louisiana to France. sions." But Livingston could only lament revolt in Haiti. The semiofficial paper Talleyrand did admit with a bland from France: "There never was a gov- warned the world of the menace of

U.S. gave unofficial aid to black revolutionaries in Haiti fighting French control. Action stalled Napoleon's plans for Louisiana. smile that Napoleon was sending an ernment in which less could be done by America's growing power. The Gazette army across the Atlantic to put down a negotiation than here. There is no peo- declared that France was doing all of revolution in Haiti in which a black ple, no legislature, no counselors. One Europe a good deed by seizing Louisi- military genius, Toussaint Louverture, man is everything." ana and providing "a counterpoise to had broken French power in the island Jefferson and Madison decided to give the domination of the United States." colony. Order had to be restored. Were Napoleon something to make him talk President Jefferson's response was not the Americans alarmed by the threat with Livingston. They looked the other flinty. On Oct. 10, 1802, he told Am- of an independent black republic so way while American merchants and sea bassador Livingston: "We stand com- close to their southern states with their captains continued to do a brisk busi- pletely corrected of the error, that either thousands of slaves equally prone to ness supplying guns and ammunition to the government or the nation of France revolt? the black revolutionaries in Haiti. Soon has any remains of friendship for us." Neither Livingston nor anyone else General Leclerc was sending frantic de- Then came news from New Orleans in Jefferson's administration was fooled mands to the French ambassador in that the Spanish Government had by this line. It was all too probable that Washington. Unless the Americans closed the port to American commerce. Napoleon was using the slave revolt as stopped this illegal trade, he would Washington, D.C., seethed, and al- a pretext to move 10,000 men within never win his ugly colonial war. The most every American west of the Al- easy striking distance of New Orleans, French ambassador pestered Secretary leghenies reached for his gun. Ken- and that that's what Talleyrand was of State Madison in vain. Soon Leclerc tucky alone had a half-million dollars in hinting at. Napoleon put one of his best was telling Napoleon that he was losing goods on the way down the river and generals in charge of the Haitian ex- ILLUSTRATED BY CHARLES WATERHOUSE other states had equally valuable cargoes

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1971 23 came to war with the French on the The War We Almost Fought With France Gulf Coast, Britain might come in "against France" to strike south in Louisiana Territory from Canada and ot cotton and grain and fruit shipped the better for the nation. White argued. gobble up some of its northern reaches. or ready to embark. Madison wrote a Which was better—to fight "the slug- Men and guns also were rushed to the letter of solemn warning to the Ameri- gish Spaniard" or the "vigilant and alert Canadian border to make it clear to the can ambassador in Madrid, ordering French grenadier?" Call the troops and British that Americans did not want him to make an immediate protest to march now and there would be a "blood- them as western neighbors any more the Spanish Government. The Missis- less war of a few months." If the Presi- than they wanted the French. sippi was everything to western Ameri- dent waited until the French arrived, Additional supplies of ammunition cans, he said. "It is the Hudson, the he would plunge the nation into a "car- and weapons were soon pouring into Delaware, the Potomac, formed into nage of years." Fort Adams. In April 1802, 5,000 mus- one stream." Behind the scenes Jefferson worked kets and 12 heavy cannon arrived. .At- Suspecting that the Spanish closure feverishly to defuse this political bomb, lantic coast forts were also readied for was part of Napoleon's scheming, Madi- which was a clear call for a declaration war. Six 24 pounders were mounted at son was even more belligerent in the of war. A special Senate committee, Fort Nelson in Norfolk, Va. Fortifica- letter he sent to Ambassador Livingston headed by a loyal Jeffersonian from tions were constructed at Wilmington, in Paris. He warned of "two hundred Kentucky, John Breckinridge, was con- N.C., and other strategic points along thousand militia on the waters of the vened. It issued a report which firmly the coast. The inland rivers were also Mississippi, every man of whom would reiterated America's peaceful intentions. fortified. A magazine and arsenal were march at a moment's warning to remove At the same time, the Breckinridge established on the Ohio, with 8,000 mus- obstructions from that outlet to the sea." Committee recommended—and the Jef- kets. 2,000 rifles and 40,000 flints. As While this tough message was going ferson controlled Senate swiftly ac- early as July 1802, Secretary of War by ship to Europe, American hotheads cepted—a resolution empowering the Dearborn had already ordered Capt. in the west bellowed for war. Jefferson's President to call on state governors for Daniel Bissell and his company to con- political opponents in Congress gleefull\ 80,000 troops, whenever he should duct a careful military reconnaissance

HKTTMANN AKCHI\ 1 of the territory at the mouth of the Ohio River and down the Mississippi. But the great effort at reconnaissance was the Lewis and Clark expedition into and across the empty regions of the upper Louisiana Territory to the Pacific northwest. In January 1803, the Presi- dent sent a confidential message to Con- gress recommending the project. Two purpo.ses were underscored. One, the mapping of the territory in order to fa- cilitate military movements, and, two, the need to ascertain whether the region was suitable for settlement by large populations. By mid-March, Congress had authorized the expedition and the War Department was issuing orders to Capt. Meriwether Lewis, the man Jef-

ferson chose to lead it. Lewis had been Jefferson's personal secretary. William Clark was the younger brother of an- other close friend, George Rogers Clark. Both, therefore, were men in whom the

The transfer of Upper Louisiana at St. Louis, March 9, 1804. Jefferson named Capt. President could confide. Amos Stoddard (USA) agent to act for U.S. The French, admiring the man, named him Jefferson personally drew up instruc- their agent, too. Thus Stoddard himself transferred and received the territory. tions for the expedition. High on his list of directives was an order to secure in- joined in the cry. James Ross of Penn- deem it necessary. This was strong formation on British posts in the vicinity sylvania arose in the Senate, and thun- enough without being as reckless as of the Missouri River along its upper dered: "Where is a nation ancient or Ross' bill. reaches in the northwest. Lewis was also modern that has borne such treatment Soon a brisk series of orders flowed to ascertain the route by which "a small without resentment or resistance? Where out of the White House, putting the but sufficient force" could be moved to is the nation that will respect another American army and navy on a war foot- block a British invasion coming down that is passive under such humiliating ing. Along with the reinforced garrison from Lake Winnipeg. degradation and disgrace?" Ross intro- at Fort Adams, an additional block- Jefferson continued to worry about duced a resolution that would have house was built on the lower Mississippi. British designs in the north while con- placed 50,000 troops and $5 million at Troops were concentrated there, and at centrating most of his available military the President's disposal. Fort Stoddert on the Mobile River, at hardware to counter the French. The The motion was seconded by Samuel South West Point in Tennessee and in President was advised by his Attorney White of Delaware, who assured the Georgia. Gunboats were ordered to be- General, Levi Lincoln, to conceal the Senate that the dispute could only be gin patrolling the rivers, particularly the military and territorial goals of Lewis settled upon the banks of the Missis- Mississippi. and Clark as much as possible. Play up sippi. The sooner the President acted, Jefferson further realized that if it the scientific aspects of the expedition.

24 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1971 ston wrote to Madison. Napoleon had ordered an army bound for Louisiana to embark from Holland in 20 days. The general in command had referred to the Spanish-American treaty guarantee- ing American rights to use the port of New Orleans as "wastepaper." There was even talk of a plan for an attack on the American city of Natchez, in the Mississippi Territory. Jefferson and Madison replied with a diplomatic counteroffensive in Wash- ington, D.C. The French ambassador was a frequent guest at Jefferson's din- ner table. But the President seldom in- vited him on those nights when he en- tertained the British ambassador. Now both ambassadors began receiving in- vitations to sample Jefferson's superb cuisine on the same night. But when the Frenchman sat down at the table, he found to his dismay that Jefferson had the British ambassador on his right hand, and spent the entire evening talk- ing to him. Soon the ignored Frenchman was writing home that Jefferson was seriously considering "an English alli- ance" and that French policy was forc-

ing him into it. Simultaneously, Secretary of State Madison planted an even more ingenious idea in the Frenchman's mind. He told him that Americans did not want to ex- pand west of the Mississippi. Such a move, Madison said, would probably mean the break up of the American nation into two separate states that would become rivals and end up fight- ing wars with each other. This. Madison solemnly assured the mesmerized am- bassador, was another reason why America wished to avoid a clash with France. It would force them to occupy the territory west of the river. These re- marks were swiftly transmitted to Na- poleon. Meanwhile, in Haiti, the French army was blundering into catastrophe. No {Continued on paf^e 44) BETTMAN ARCHIVE

On Dec. 20, 1803, in New Orleans, the U.S. took possession of Lower Louisiana. The young nation added 17 new states from the purchase, nearly doubling in size.

Lincoln advised. It would protect him For Monroe, his appointment was a from criticism in Congress. Jefferson personal disaster. He had just invested took this advice. a large sum of money in Kentucky

Having outmaneuvered the more mili- lands, and it was vital for him to go tant shouters for war in Congress, Jef- there and take possession of his prop- ferson decided he now needed to put erty. Jefferson admitted to Monroe that more pressure on Napoleon. He asked he knew he was asking him to make "a his old friend James Monroe to go to great sacrifice on your part." A winter France as an envoy extraordinary. crossing of the Atlantic was also some- This future President of the United thing that no one considered with States was revered throughout the West equanimity in 1802. as a friend of Western expansion. As a What could Monroe say? Within a former ambassador to France, he was month he was on the stormy Atlantic. popular and well-known there, too. His But he had scarcely left the harbor when appointment calmed Western passions news arrived from France that made his and gave Jefferson and Madison time to mission seem futile. "France has cut the President Thomas Jefferson si gning the maneuver. knot," an agitated Ambassador Living- Louisiana Purchase Papers, Apri I 30, 1803.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1971 25 READ ABOUT THE LOW-COST, HIGH-BENEFIT SECURITY LEGIONNAIRES You Can Get As Much From Your Official American

It's great knowini; that, whatever happens, your family will have enough to keep going and stay together.

We all know how important it is for a man to make sure standing, and under the age of 70. There is normally no his family will be financially secure if he should die. But the medical examination—good health is all that's needed. Just way living costs keep soaring, the regular insurance a man fill out the Enrollment Form at right, and mail it with the bought in the past may no longer do the job. proper premium as shown on the Premium Chart. With in- Luckily, Legionnaires have a way out of the problem. surance company approval, your protection begins the first The solution is American Legion Life Insurance ADD-ON of the month following the date your Enrollment is re- Protection. At incredibly low cost, it lets you give your ceived by the Administrator. You'll automatically receive family thousands of dollars in extra security! renewal notices before the end of each year, to remind you Now, if you're a Legionnaire between 35-44 and in good to continue your valuable protection. health, you can apply for insurance that provides your fam- Remember, American Legion Life Insurance pays in ily with up to $18,000 cash. If you're under age 30, you addition to any other life insurance you now have; it is not can apply for up to $40,000! Where else can you get a existing policies you own. Your family protection "deal" like that? meant to replace any now Legion Life Insurance has fewer standard exclusions than And just think what a great money-saving way this is to while flying in commercial have Mortgage Insurance. You can choose benefits that can most. It protects you fully even aircraft active with the pay off most, if not all, of your mortgage balance should or military and while on duty Armed you die. Or your family could completely pay ofl other pur- Forces. The only restriction is that no benefit is payable for chases such as autos, home improvements, appliances. death as a result of any act of war while in the military, naval As for the remarkably low cost, just show the schedule of or air service or within six months of such service as a result benefits and premiums to any non-Legionnaire friend. Then of injuries or disease contracted during service. watch his eyes light up with envy. So don't wait. American Legion Life protection—BIG- You arc eligible to apply for up to FOUR Units of pro- MONEY PEACE OF MIND—for only pennies a day. Fill tection, as shown at right, if you're a Legionnaire in good out, enclose check, and mail Enrollment Form NOW.

26 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1971 j1

CAN GIVE THEIR FAMILIES As «40,000 of Protection Legion Life Insurance Plan

WHAT PEOPLE SAY ABOUT AMERICAN LEGION LIFE INSURANCE

"/ ". wish to acknowledge with thanks the . . (husband) died on the date the in- "This was the first settle- prompt receipt of the check for the death surance became effective. I was con- ment made on any of It just that benefit of my husband. was a cerned you might question paying Frank's insurance and as a chance reading of your advertisement in the claim but I worried about it need- result lifted a great load the American Legion Magazine that lessly. Thank you so much for the pay- from M's mind. ..." prompted us to apply for this insurance." ment and for your promptness." Mr. J. G. R. Mrs. E. H. W. Mrs. J. J. K.

Amount of Premium to Mail witli your Enrollment HERE ARE YOUR AMERICAN LEGION LIFE INSURANCE PLAN BENEFITS Amount paid determined by age at death Month AMOUNTS TO BE REMIHED FOR: Enrollment FOUR UNITS THREE UNITS TWO UNITS ONE UNIT HALF UNIT Card Signed 4 Units 3 Unite 2 Unite 1 Unit Vi Unit Age at Death (Total Coverage (Total Coverage (Total Coverage (Total Coverage (Total Coverage January $88 $66 $44 $22 $11 During 1972) During 1972) During 1972) During 1972) During 1972) ^ February 80 60 40 20 10 tthrough Age 29 $40,000 $30,000 $20,000 $10,000 $5,000 March 72 54 36 18 9 30-34 32,000 24,000 16,000 8,000 4,000

April 64 48 32 16 8 35-44 18.000 13,500 9,000 4,500 2,250

May 56 42 28 14 7 45-54 8,800 6,600 4,400 2,200 1,100 June 48 36 24 12 6 55-59 4.800 3,600 2,400 1,200 600

July 40 30 20 10 5 60-64 3,200 2,400 1,600 800 400

August 32 24 16 8 4 65-69 2.000 1,500 1,000 500 250 September 24 18 12 6 3 **70-74* 1,320 990 660 330 165 4 2 October 16 12 8 "Insurance terminates on the 1st day of January coinciding with or next following your 75th birthday. November 8 6 4 2 1 "No persons, age 70 or over (including those already insured) will be accepted for new insurance. December 96 72 48 24 12 tSpecial age bracket for Viet -Vets.

HOW TO ENROLL , ENROLLMENT CARD FOR YEARLY RENEWABLE TERM LIFE

1. Type or print alt informationl INSURANCE FOR MEMBERS OF THE AMERICAN LEGION on Enrollment Form. Be sure tO| answer all questions and indi-. Full Name -Birth Date- Last First Middle cate the number of Units de-i Mo. Day Year sired by checking the appropri-' Permanent Residence ate box. I Street No. City State Zip 2. See chart above for amounti Name of Beneficiary_ Relationship- of premium to send with Enroll-j Example: Print "Helen Louise Jones," Not Mrs. H. L. Jones" ment. I Membership Card No.. Year Post No State- 3. Make check or money order- I apply for the amount of insurance indicated below, (check appropriate box or boxes). payable to: The American Legion 4 Units 3 Units 2 Units 1 Unit 1/2 Unit Life Insurance Plan. I

4. IF YOU LIVE IN IND., ILL.,1 The following representations shall form a basis for the insurance Company's approval or rejection of this NJ., N.Y., N.C., N.D., OHIO,! enrollment: Answer all questions. P.R., TENN.. TEX., OR WIS.| 1. Present occupation? Are you now actively working? write to the address below for. Yes No If No, give reason an enrollment/application for" use in your state. Applications! 2. Have you been confined in a hospital within the last year? No Yes If Yes, give date, length of stay and cause and/or benefits vary slightly in| , these areas. 3. During the last five years, have you ever had heart disease, circulatory disease, kidney I disease, liver disease, lung disease, diabetes, or 5. Wail the Enrollment and pre- cancer, or have you received treatment or medication for high blood pressure or alcoholism? No If mium to: The American Legion- Yes yes, give details Life Insurance Plan, P.O. Box'

5609, Chicago, III. 60680. I I represent that, to the best of my knowledge, all statements and answers recorded on this enrollment card

are true and complete. I *Legionnaires who already own I agree that this enrollment card shall be a part of any insurance granted upon it

under the I one, two, or three units may| policy. authorize any physician or other person who has attended or examined me, or who may attend or examine me, apply for additional units up t0| to disclose or to testify to any knowledge thus acquired. the maximum of Four Units. If Signature of J Dated you now hold Vz unit, any addi-' , 19 Applicant tion must include another 14 GMA-300-19 10-70 (Univ.) 1271 unit, so that you end up with ai^ « whole number of units. 1 apply for additional Legion Life Insurance: My present certificate number is

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1971 27 ley Clarke of East Bradenton, Fla. The LIFE IN THE OUTDOORS cedar chips will light with the smallest spark, and one hull will carry enough for Skate Sailing several fires. NEW 1972 GUN DIGEST is ready. It con- tains dozens of hunting and shooting You'Ri; an ice skater and have never tried corded. The rule of thumb is that speeds of articles, a large color section and a com- IF skate sailing, you are missing one of the twice the wind velocity are easily obtained. plete catalogue of equipment. Weight: most thrilling outdoor sports. Imagine zip- It follows that only the bravest skate sailors 2% pounds. Price: under $7 at your local ping over the ice at 50 mph! You can learn venture out with large sails when the wind gunstore or write: Digest Books, 540 how in a few minutes, and all you need in exceeds 20 mph. For the novice who finds Frontage Rd., Northfield, III. 60093. addition to your skates and a frozen lake is himself in trouble, the remedy is simple; a kite-like sail. The wind supplies the power. he can just let go of the sail. It will drift CAMP FIRE cooking hints from Mrs. The sail can be home-made or purchased gently to the ice without damage. Wanda Miller, Williams, Ariz.: wrap bread in kit form to be assembled and disassembled Skaters of all ages can be sailors. The or rolls in aluminum foil and place right on on the ice. Its framework is cross-shaped, sport is less strenuous than plain ice skat- your cooking coals. It will heat and steam; like that of a simple kite, consisting of a ing, it generates no pollution, no noise, and even stale bread will taste good. Add a little vertical mast and a horizontal boom of the wind is free. Why not try it? butter and garlic first if desired. equal length, over which is stretched a drum- For further information, write: Waterfun, tight sailcloth. A flexible bow in front, and Inc., Box 3442 Ridgeway, Stamford, Conn. NEED a fimnel to pour gas into your lan- a smaller one in the rear, maintain the sail's 06905. tern? You have one, if you have a spin- tension. There should be at least one trans- casting reel, writes Charles Springer of parent plastic window in the sail so the SHOULD your hunting dog become lost in Coolville, Ohio. lust use the reel's closed skater's vision will not be blocked. Since the the woods, before you return to camp for face with the hole in its center; it's a per- sail must be held a few inches above the ice the night, leave your jacket or sweater ly- fect funnel. ing on the ground, says Kevin O'Neil of Whitehall. N.Y. Next morning you'll prob- DEER HUNTERS will find buck scent more

ably find him sitting on it waiting for you. effective if they serve it hot, writes Mark Eder of Glidden, Wis. Put some on a small EXPENDED batteries left in a flashlight sponge and rest it on your hand warmer on will corrode and be difficult to remove. Bill a stump or log. The warm scent will evapo- Hill of Langdon, N.D. writes that if you rate more quickly and spread farther. pour a little kerosene in the battery tube

it'll dissolve the corrosion and they can be WHENEVER you leave a campsite, pull tapped out easily. your camper or trailer ahead a few yards, they get out and walk around the area, sug- PLASTIC bottles used for bleaches and gests William Gilbert of Portsmouth. Ohio. detergents make handy extra gas containers You'll be surprised how often you'll find for outdoorsmen, writes Robert Knipfer of camping items that have been dropped and Bozeman, Mon. The quart size is small overlooked. Skate sailor seeking the breeze. enough to carry easily and holds plenty for a lantern or stove. If you have a trail If you have a helpful idea for this feature

by the skater, it must be made as light as bike, strap one to the forward frame. Clean send it in. If we can use it we'll pay you possible: usually the frame is aluminum the bottles thoroughly before use, and re- $5.00. However, we cannot acknowledge, re- tubing and the bows are fiberglass. Sail area move original label. turn, or enter into correspondence concern- depends upon the skater's weight, how fast in!; contributions. Address: Outdoor Editor, he wants to go, and the wind velocity. A 9- NEW GAME for outdoorsmen to while The American Legion Magazine, 1345 Ave- foot mast and boom, providing an area of away evenings in camp, called "Wild Life." nue of the Americas. New York. N.Y. 10019. about 54 square feet, is suitable for a skater Players roam the jungles of five continents, who weighs over 150 lbs. in a moderate capturing and paying for, wild animals to wind. An 8-fooler, about 43 square feet, is stock their zoos. Complete with counters, best for a 100 to 145-lb. skater or for winds cards, play money and dice to determine reaching over 20 mph. Skaters under 100 trip distance on a safari. Price: $7. For de- lbs. can use a 7-footer. Such ready-made tails write: E. S. Lowe Co., 200 Fifth Ave., models cost between $70 and $80. New York, N.Y. 10010. Skate sailing is similar to sailboating ex- cept the speeds are far greater. The skater WASHING CLOTHES while traveling in

stands on the leeward side of the vertical your trailer can be easy if you use ii I'lrge

sail where he is protected from the wind. pail, such as a clean garbage pail, with a The boom rests on his shoulder at the bal- tight-fitting lid, reports Mrs. Gordon ance point and his hand nearest the sail Sweeney of Salineville, Ohio. Fill it half- grasps the lower part of the mast. As speed full of hot, soapy water, tie to a stationary increases, he leans against the sail and is object in the trailer, add the clothes. The supported by the wind. His skate blades, bumps and turns in the road will jiggle acting like the keel of a sailboat, resist side- them clean. Then rinse them, of course. ways motion and keep him on course. The longer racing blades are preferred. His feet A SMALL rubber balloon is an excellent are placed so the blades are parallel, with waterproof container for matches, reports the foot nearest the sail slightly forward. H. F. Millham of Fullerton, Whitehall, Pa. Tacking, or coming about, to change the Put the wooden matches inside and fasten

course angle to the wind, is accomplished the neck with a rubber band. Or stretch by raising the sail horizontally over the head the neck and insert a packet of book matches

and bringing it down on the other side. The for an emergency. overhead position also spills the wind when "Who wants flies? Let's go where there are it is desired to stop. The fastest speeds arc FOR STARTING a fire quickly in rainy some fish." possible the skater is moving at right weather, pack along a fired shotgun hull when THE AiVIKRirAN' I.EfUON MAG.iiZINE angles to the wind; 55 mph. has been re- packed with pencil shavings, suggests Stan-

28 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1971 . : : ; : : ; . . ; : :; :

A DIGEST OF EVENTS WHICH VETERANS NEWSLETTER ARE OF PERSONAL INTEREST TO YOU DECEMBER 1971 VA BENEFITS AVAILABLE Life Insurance A veteran has 120 FOR VIETNAM ERA VETS: days after separation to convert his Despite widespread and continuing group policy to a permanent contract campaigns by the Veterans Administra- of commercial life insurance . . . tion, The American Legion and other Those with a total service-incurred veterans groups, many Vietnam Era disability have up to one year. veterans are still unaware of some Specially Adapted Housing Seri- benefits available to them from the ously disabled veterans may receive

VA . . . Either because they are young up to $12,500 toward the purchase of and think themselves invulnerable or a home especially designed and because filing claims might take too equipped much time, or for whatever reason, Vocationa l Rehabilitation A pro- these ex-servicemen often don't avail gram of education or training to themselves of their rights—rights overcome economic handicap of serv- won by veterans older and wiser than ice-connected disability ... It pays

they . . . Only when it's much later, tuition, fees and books in addition sometimes too late, do some of them to payments of monthly subsistence find they should have taken advantage . . . Eligibles have nine years from of the hospitalization, the GI insur- discharge to complete except in cer- ance, the education and training tain cases of serious disability or benefits, the compensation or dis- delay in establishing eligibility.

ability pension rating, etc. . . . Educational Assistance : Veterans Even as did some of us older with more than 180 days active duty veterans are eligible . . . Eligibility of up to Here is a brief but handy list of 36 months is based on one month for

benefits available to Viet vets . . . each one-and-a-half months of service Save for ready reference when ques- . . . Those with 18 months or more tions arise. service after Jan. 31, 1955 and who Disability Compensation A monthly have satisfied their active duty re- benefit payable for residual disabil- quirements have full entitlement . . . ity of disease or injury incurred in Completion of primary and high

or aggravated by active service . . . school, PREP, tutorial fees and re- No time limit to file claim. fresher courses are not charged D isability Pension A monthly pay- against period of eligibility for ment to a veteran with not less than higher education . . . Eligibles must 90 days honorable service because of begin courses in time to finish be- unemployability due to nonservice- fore eight years are up. connected disability ... No time Guaranteed Loans For veterans limit to file claim. with more than 180 days service, less Hospita l Care Available for if discharged for a service-connected service-connected conditions and for disability, VA will guarantee mort- nonservice-connected conditions when gages for the purchase of mobile and veteran is unable to pay costs and a conventional homes and farms and farm bed is available ... No time limit. equipment . . . Eligibles have 10 years Medica l Care Available for to obtain loans plus one year for service-connected conditions and for each 90 days of active duty. nonservice-connected conditions under Automobiles for Disabled Veterans certain circumstances, such as before Certain disabled veterans may receive and after hospitalization. assistance of not more $2,800 toward D ent al Care Eligibles have one the purchase of an automobile ... In year to file. addition, VA will pay for adaptive

Drugs and Medicines : Provided for equipment deemed necessary for the service-connected conditions and for eligible veteran to operate the auto- nonservice-connected conditions when mobile in a manner consistent with a veteran is found to be housebound his own safety and the safety of or in need of aid and attendance of others another person. If there is any honest doubt about D isabled Veteran s Insu rance Spe- whether a claim should be filed, the

cial nonparticipating National Serv- safest course is always to file . . . ice Life Insurance available on The worst that can possibly happen application of veteran with a is a turndown if the facts don't back

service-connected disability. the claim . . . See your VA, Legion Conversion of Servicemen' s Group or other veterans service officer for

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1971 29 . )

CONTINUED VETERANS NEWSLETTER help ... A full-time accredited rep- in the VA pension and DIC programs resentative of the Legion is avail- for veterans, their dependents and

able at each VA Regional Office and survivors . . . The bills are generally at the top federal level in Washing- designed to (1) relieve hardships ton, D.C., to help in claims for VA caused by inflation (2) prevent loss

benefits . . . Name the Legion on VA of pension or reduction of income Form 23-22 to get this free service. and (3) raise income limitations that RECENT LEGION TESTIMONY presently bind the VA benefits pro- gram . . . (The increase in Social ON PENSION AND DIC BILLS: 10% Security benefits passed earlier this In October, Veterans Affairs and year will start counting as income Rehab Director Ed Golembieski testi- in January 1972. fied before the House Veterans Af- Average increase in pension for fairs Subcommittee on Compensation veterans and widows would be about and . . . the Le- Pension Presenting 6.5% . . . Average DIC increase would gion's position on death and disabil- be about 10% for widows, 5% -for chil- ity pension, and dependent parents dren and 6.5% for parents ... Income dependency and indemnity compensation limitations (for those affected) bills, he stressed that the recent would rise by $300 in both the pen-

cost-of-living increases in Social sion and DIC programs . . . Those DIC Security and other retirement and parents in need of aid and attendance survivor type benefits would reduce would receive $55 additional per

the gross income of many pensioners, month . . . Special DIC children, if especially those whose entitlement to helpless after age 18, would be pension is related to need, unless raised from $32 to $55 per month . . . corrective legislation is forthcoming "Old law" pensioners would not re- . . . The high cost of living, despite ceive additional increases but would the economic freeze, is deadly to all benefit by the $300 income limit persons on fixed incomes, but par- raise ticularly to pensioners . . . Veterans The pension bill also (1) incorpo- Newsletter mail is heaviest on this rates a new formula for discounting subject as anxious veterans and de- future income received from other pendents write to let their feelings sources so as to help soften the be known when VA pensions are threat- jolt on VA pension benefits when ened. income limits are reached (2) would Director Golembieski called for a allow the deduction of the cost of number of improvements in pension certain unusual medical expenses from and DIC including the following: an income and (3) would allow the mar- increase in monthly benefits rates ried veteran (whose wife died) to averaging about 20%, and a $700 in- continue to receive the same rate of

crease in the income limits ; a $25 pension for vet and spouse for the increase in monthly pension at age balance of the year in which she 72; exclusion from annual income died, as if she were still alive. determination of the proceeds of VETERANS REEMPLOYMENT RIGHTS: commercial insurance policies up to An ex-serviceman (but not a career $10,000 plus the costs of unusual (such as chronic or catastrophic ill- man in the armed forces) is entitled ness) medical expenses; an increase to get his old job back (under cer- tain conditions) he . . . from $30 to $40 in the VA institu- if wishes tional award for hospitalized vet- But he must apply for it to his erans without dependents and a spe- former employer within 90 days after cial aid and attendance allowance separation from active service or one year if he was hospitalized . . . In of $55 monthly to dependent parents in receipt of DIC and children re- addition, he must be qualified to ceiving pension, if other require- perform the duties of the former job during ments are met ... He also said the unless a disability sustained Legion would support a new, improved service makes him unable to do so formula for counting income on a . . . Restoration to his former job in v/eighted basis. (See next item.) allows for normal advancement seniority status, pay and job classi- HOUSE VETS AFFAIRS SUBCOMMITTEE fication that would have occurred MOVES PENSION AND DIC BILLS: had he remained on the job. As Veterans Newslette r went to For information concerning reem- press, the House Veterans Affairs ployment rights, contact any field Subcommittee on Compensation and office of the Labor^Management Serv- Pension reported out two bills to ices Administration or The Office provide general cost-of-living in- of Veterans ' Reemployment Rights, creases and raise income limitations U.S. Dep't of Labor, Wash. , D.C.

30 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1971 .

OF THE NEWS AMERICAN LEGION AND VETERANS AFFAIRS DECEMBER, 1971

Nat1 Exec Committee Seeks Legion Reaction to UN Vote on China Question of in Red China Release Yanks The Legion's reaction to the UN votes admitting Red China and expell- to intercede for U.S. pri- Policy body asks President ing Nationalist China was swift in soners in Red China when he visits there; warns nation coming. Nat"I Cmdr John H. Geiger expressed "profound dissatisfaction of decline of power; tentatively awards 73 Nat'! Con- and disappointment" as he declared vention to Honolulu; confirms national appointments. that the Legion was adamantly op- posed to the admission of Communist

At its annual fall meeting The Ameri- tion on all missing American prisoners in China. "We are shocked that the UN can Legions National Executive Com- China and the release of those who are has deemed it appropriate to seat mittee adopted a resolution asking Presi- still alive."" Chinese Communist representatives dent Nixon to intercede "forcefully" In another related action the Commit- who have seldom upheld the princi- with the Chinese Communist government tee asked Legion departments to seek ples upon which the United Nations during his planned visit to Red China in legislation in their states that would make was founded ... I am convinced this order to obtain full information and it possible for children of prisoners of action by the General Assembly can possibly the release of American prison- war and men missing in action to re- only damage the reputation and ef- ers being held by that nation since the ceive state scholarship funds to meet the fectiveness of the world organization Korean War. cost of tuition fees and books at educa- and all its agencies,"" he said. The mandate was only one of several tional and vocational institutions beyond The Commander noted that the major actions taken by the Legion's na- the high school level. U.S. was firmly committed to aid Na- tional policy body as it met on Oct. The Committee also strongly urged tionalist China and urged our gov- 20-21 for the last time in 1971 at NafI President Nixon to review the warnings ernment to live up to that resolve. Hq in Indianapolis under the Chairman- contained in the "Supplemental Report" Referring to the President"s planned ship of National Commander John H. of his Blue Ribbon Defense Panel of visit to Red China. Geiger urged the

Geiger ( HI. ) . A Digest of all Resolutions 1969 which stated, among other things, President not to take any steps that adopted appears on page 33. A list of that ( 1 ) the U.S. had abandoned its would change our existing political, chairmen appointed to national commis- former policy of maintaining strategic economic and military relationships sions and committees appears on page superiority (2) that the Soviet Union has with Taiwan. 32. attained for the first time a superior stra-

Referring to unconfirmed reports that tegic capability in ICBM"S where it The possibility that The American Le- between 300-900 U.S. P.O.W.^s remain counts most and (3) that "in the "70"s gion would venture outside the conti- in Chinese Communist hands because neither the vital interests of the U.S. nor nental limits of the U.S. for the first time they were not repatriated when Korean the lives and freedom of its citizens will since 1927" to hold its National Conven- War action ceased and that Red China be secure. The Legion further called tion became a distinct reality when the has consistently refused to discuss them, upon the President to bring the full policymakers concurred in the tentative the Committee called upon the President weight of his office to bear upon all ap- award of the 1973 National Convention to '"predicate all actions and decisions to propriate authorities toward the develop- to Honolulu, Hawaii. lessen tension between Communist China ment of a military capability second to for previ- and the U.S. upon obtaining full informa- none. The convention 1973 had ously been tentatively awarded to Los

Angeles, Cal.. which withdrew its bid for Friendly Legion-Auxiliary Membership Wager later submission when more strategically- placed hotels with first class rooms (now When National Auxiliary President building or in plans) become available Mrs. Robert L. Parker (Okla.) was pre- in a few years. sented to the Nat'l Executive Committee Thus the way became open for Hono- (see photo) by Nat'l Cmdr Geiger. she lulu to place a strong bid for the national threw out a friendly membership chal- conclave. A package plan was proposed lenge. The winner would be determined whereby delegates and guests would be by the greatest percentage of member- able to fly round-trip to Honolulu at to Nat"l 3 ship postmarked Hq by Jan. 1 a total cost of about $450 from the East 1972 using these goals: the Legion, Coast and S350 from the West Coast. 2,625,125: the Auxiliary, 935,312. If the The tentative price would include ground Auxiliary wins, Cmdr Geiger will send and air transportation, eight days and a $500 check to Pres. Parker for a nurs- seven nights at a first class hotel to be ing scholarship by an eligible Cherokee selected by their department, and break- Indian girl at Muskogee, Okla. Cmdr fast and dinner each day. Geiger hasn't said yet what plans he has -The 1927 National Convention was held in for the money if the Legion wins. Paris. Fiance. Sept. 19-22.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1971 31 NEWS

The travel organization which spon- vention. The special committee was stitution and parallel the parent organiza- sored the plan otTered to contractually ( ) charged to I examine the adequacy tion's structure, while still remaining guarantee that the costs to the national of the VA medical care program (2) con- under the umbrella of the National Ex- American Legion and its Auxiliary would sider the potential impact on the VA ecutive Committee. For the past nine not exceed the costs incurred in the 1970 medical care program of a national years, SAL representatives have met at

National Convention at Portland, Ore. health insurance program ( 3 ) restate, Legion National Conventions in Work- They also agreed to present a Perform- following thorough research, the reasons shop or Caucus sessions. Membership of ance Bond to assure contract compliance, for the continuing necessity of an inde- the SAL annually runs to about 18,000 would guarantee there would be no li- pendent medical care program with the members. Backers of the restructuring ability to the national organization and VA and (4) study and examine any and hope these moves will help revitalize would deposit all monies in an escrow all other matters relating to veterans their organization. account until completion of transporta- medical care. Emory L. O'Connell (Col.) A pilot program of direct billing of tion and housing in Honolulu. was named Chairman. membership dues for the 1 973 member- The sponsoring travel organization Reporting on its progress, the special ship year by modern, high-speed, elec- also agreed that musical units and uni- committee planned meetings in the tronic equipment at Nat'l Hq in Indian- formed groups which compete at the months leading to January 1972 with apolis was approved by the Committee.

National Convention would be trans- such organizations as the VA, the Ameri- The pilot program is authorized for a ported by them to Honolulu on Saturday can Medical Ass'n. the Veterans Affairs minimum of six Legion Departments through Monday of the convention pe- Committees of both the House and the and a maximum of 600.000 members. riod at a maximum cost of $235 per per- Senate, the Dep't of Health, Education Departments will be accepted for this son, including air and ground transporta- and Welfare, the American Hospital initial plan on a first-come, first-served tion, lodging and meals. Ass'n, the American Pharmaceutical basis provided they meet certain qualifi- If satisfactory contracts can be ex- Ass'n and others. The committee would cations which would enable the national ecuted with all parties involved, then also meet and perhaps report at the time organization to obtain representative and Legion families can look forward to con- of the National Commander's Confer- measurable results that might determine vention-vacations in Honolulu in mid- ence in Washington, D.C., in late Febru- the feasibility and desirability of a na- August of 1973. ary, early March. 1972. tionwide plan. Departments approved for For other years the national conven- A redrafting on the Constitution of the pilot program will be picked next tion schedule tentatively stands as fol- the Sons of The American Legion was month and must share with their posts lows: III., 18-24, Chicago, Aug. 1972: submitted to the National Executive the cost of a first billing and pay all Miami Beach, Fla., Aug. 16-22, 1974 and Committee as a resolution for them to costs of succeeding notices. Philadelphia, Pa., Aug. 15-21, 1975. study for possible enactment at the May, Nat'l Cmdr Geiger announced that Because there is little doubt that some 1972 meeting. The NEC is the top 43 new posts have been chartered or form of national health insurance will legislative authority for the SAL. The had preliminary paperwork done in re- be enacted by Congress in the near fu- present SAL Constitution, adopted by sponse to his call to Committeemen at ture, a Special Committee on Veterans the NEC and subsequently amended the Houston National Convention. Medical Care was appointed by Nat'l through the years, does not provide for Cmdr Geiger following its creation by national officers nor a national conven- National Commission Changes resolution at the Houston National Con- tion. The SAL seeks to update its Con- The National Executive Committee

appointed chairmen and members to fill Baseball Umpire Regales Committeemen at Commander's Banquet vacancies on 1971-72 national policy bodies. Here is a list of the national chair- men whose appointments were approved. COMMISSIONS are in capital letters with committees and other divisions of commissions printed in italics. AMERICANISM: Daniel J. O'Con- nor, N.Y.; Counter-Subversive Activities,

J. E. Martie, Nev.; Americanism Coun- cil, Albert H. Woessner, N.Y. AMERICAN LEGION MAGA- ZINE: James E. Powers, Ga. CHILDREN & YOUTH: Earl D. Franklin, Jr., Colo.: New England Area, Ray Greenwood, Vt.; Middle Atlantic Area, Charles A. Kuhn, W. Va.; South- ern Area, Clyde E. Sullivan, Jr., N.C.; Midwestern Area, Mrs. Lienor M. Hagen, Mich.: Western Area, Tom Clarkin, Ariz. CONVENTION: James V. Demarest, N.Y.; Contests Supervisory, Deming Smith, S.D.: Distinguished Guests, Wil-

liam J. Rogers, Me. ECONOMIC: Clarence S. Campbell, Vt.; Employment, Walter M. Rapp, Roaring appreciatively at the humorous baseball stories of guest speaker Nat'l League Okla.; Veterans' Preference, A. B. Fen- Baseball Umpire Tom Gorman (deadpan at mike) are Indiana Gov. Edgar Whitcomb (hand to chin) and VA Administrator Don Johnson. Occasion was the Commander's nell, S.C. Banquet held during the recent Nat'l Executive Committee Meeting at Nat'l Hq. FINANCE: Churchill T. Williams,

32 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1971 Homecoming of National Commander Geiger at Chicago, III.

Nearly 700 Legion leaders and other distinguished guests from Celebration. They toured United Airlines Ground Facilities at all parts of the compass gathered at the Marriott Motor Hotel O'Hare International Airport, banqueted (shown above, and were

in Chicago, III., in mid-October to pay homage to newly-elected entertained by a quartet flown in especially for the occasion National Commander John H. Geiger (III.) at his Homecoming from Hawaii by United Airlines, Commander Geiger's employer.

lov/a; Lite Insurance & Trust, Albert tained in the "Supplemental Report" of his Blue • Supports legislation to improve and insure due Ribbon Delense Panel and take action to bring process in the administrative discharge procedure V. LaBiche, La.; Emblem, Clayton C. U.S. defense capabilities to a position of second- followed by the Armed Forces and the U.S. Coast to-none. (22) Guard. (14) Schlick, Iowa: Overseas Graves Decora- • Calls upon President Nixon to obtain full infor- • Asks adequate medical and dental care for tion Trust, Nat'l Cmdr John G. Geiger, mation and the release of Americans imprisoned retired members of the uniformed services, de- in China during his visit there. (7) pendents and survivors, at minimal cost to the 111. • Ask the various Legion departments to press individual. (15) FOREIGN RELATIONS: Thomas for state laws and the appropriation of funds to • Calls for an equitable program of survivor provide for scholarships and education for the benefits correlated to the retired pay of the mil- E. Whelan, N.D.; Foreign Relations children of prisoners of war beyond the high itary services. (16) Council, Martin T. Jansen, Wis. school level. (11) • Opposes abolishment of the Selected Reserve • Encourages cooperative relations between the of the U.S. Coast Guard Reserve. (17) Donald J. INTERNAL AFFAIRS: of Legion and its posts and the American Ass'n • Amends rules for expenditure of poppy funds vet- Smith, Mich.; Constitution & By-Laws. Junior Colleges in order to assist returning to cover the rehabilitation of all veterans honor- erans in their educational vocational needs. and ably discharged from U.S. Forces since April 6, Alfonse F. Wells, 111.: Membership & (20) 1971. (18) • of Baseball Bowie Post Activities, William F. Gormley. Commends Commissioner • Urges release of total federal funds authorized Kuhn, National Football Commissioner Pete Ro- for nursing education. (3) Pa.; Resolutions Assignment, Melvin T. zelle and their organizations for their programs • Supports and endorses the "Get Out The Vote'' against drug abuse. (10) Dixon, Fla.; Trophies, Awards & Cere- campaign. (2) • Authorizes acceptance of a Commissioner of • Calls for legislation to provide for federal monials, Albert R. Walavich, 111. Baseball Trophy annually to current American standards of quality for underground water and Legion National Baseball Champions. (19) LEGISLATIVE: Clarence C. Horton, to establish and enforce measures necessary to • Requests amendment of Professional Baseball accomplish same. (12) Ala. rules to protect Legion ballplayers in certain • Expands statement of purpose of the Trophies, situations. (9) NATIONAL SECURITY: Emmett Awards and Ceremonials Committee. (1) • Asks that the name of The American Legion • Reinstates charter of John M. Reed Post 415, G. Lenihan, '^d&\\. \ Aeronautics & Space, precede sponsors names in advertisements where Little Rock, Ark. (23) Joseph L. Hodges, Va.: Civil Defense. there are cases of private sponsorship of Legion baseball teams. (8) • Approves certain contest rules for the 1972 Tenn.; Order, National Convention. (5) Stacey A. Garner, Law & • Revises the Constitution & By-Laws of The Sons • Commends the Royal Canadian Legion. (6) Paul S. Kinsey, Ohio; Merchant Marine, of The American Legion to provide the framework for a national organization under the continued • Reimburses The American Legion for life insur- James M. Wagonseller. Ohio: Military supervision and control of the Legion's National ance expenses. (4) Executive Committee. (28) Affairs, Francis P. Kane, 111.; Naval Af- • Authorizes the issuance of temporary charters • Provides for the distribution of Resolution 28 to to the following new posts: Post 11, Sembach, fairs, John J. Wrenn, Mass.: National each National Executive Committeeman for his Germany; Post 21, Crailsheim, Germany; Post 10, study and that said resolution shall be considered Area, Manila; Security Council, Granville S. Ridley, Cuernavaca, Mexico; Post 73, Port as a special order of business at the May, 1972 Post 74. Fort Bonifacio, Taguig, Rizal; Post 75, Tenn. meeting of the National Executive Committee. Port Area, Manila; Post 76, Quezon City; Post 77, (29) Post Quezon City; Post 79, Sampaloc, PUBLIC RELATIONS: C. D. Manila; 78, • Opposes any attempts by federal sectors of the Manila; Post 80, Sampaloc, Manila; Post 81, Tay- DeLoach, D. C. government to be exempt from the provisions of tay, Rizal; Post 82, Tanay Rizal; Post 83, Manila, the Veterans Preference Act of 1944 and opposes all in the Philippines. (24, 25, 26, 27) VETERANS AFFAIRS AND RE- bills in Congress which may seek to diminish HABILITATION: W. F. Lenkcr, S. D.; veterans preference rights. (21) • Calls for the use of all space at the San Juan Area A, Walter T. Hyde, Sr., R. I.; Area VA Hospital to be used for hospital facilities and Collector's Item B. Ralph A Westerfield. Fla.: Area C. that separate VA Regional office facilities be pro- vided for. (13) Holders of the beautiful ceramic bot- Paul L. Blake, N. C; Area D, Glenn R. tle (see photo) created by the Ezra Nielsen, Minn.: Area E. Reuben B. Gar- Brooks Distilling Co . to commemo'-nfe nett, Wash.; National Cemetery. Carl L. the Legion's 53rd Annual National Con- Lundgren, Minn. vention in Houston. Tex., may have Reorganization Subcommittee: L. O. reaped a bonanza when they snapped up Bickel, W. Va. all available bottles. An accurate, three dimensional, color Digest of Resolutions replica of the Legion's Emblem embla- Here is a digest of resolutions adopted zoned in 24 carat gold and made of at the fall, 1971 meeting of the Legion's genuine Heritage China, the bottles were National Executive Committee. Identify- sold exclusively in the convention city. ing resolution numbers follow in paren- With 12 year old bourbon in them, they theses. retailed for about $15.00 each and only Views of the Commemorative Bottle. a limited were produced. • Urges the President to heed the warnings con- number

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1971 33 NEWS

Now. the authoritative publication. nearly all Viet-time, and representing 23 fices had cancelled mail during the July. Bottle World, is carrying advertisements Legion posts, showed up for a free in- August and September with the special from two mid-West dealers who are cur- struction program designed to acquaint inscription, "Jobs For Veterans." The rently selling the bottle enipiy for $29.95, them with the requirements for the suc- post offices were: New York, Chicago, plus postage. cessful operation of a business. Kansas Los Angeles, Philadelphia, Boston, San Normally, the older a bottle, the higher plans more such workshops. Francisco, Washington, D.C., Detroit, the value. As collector's bottles go. the • In Ohio, the names, addresses and St. Louis and Dallas. Legion's is a very young item. job skills of all Vietnam veterans who are out of work have been compiled into an Illinois College Veteran Loans Jobs For Veterans "Inventory of People and Skills" at the For years the Legion has clamored Here are some recent developments on direction of Gov. John J. Gilligan. Some and pressed for speedier processing of the Jobs For Veterans scene. 23.000 Ohio Viet vets were among the subsistence checks for veterans enrolled • In Chicago, 111., Nafl Cmdr John H. first to be listed and the book has been in colleges and universities. The IITnois widely distributed in that ex- Geiger testified on Oct. 8 before the the hopes Legion did its share of clamoring. And, Senate Veterans' Affairs Subcommittee servicemen will be helped to find em- though the effort has been largely suc- ployment or training slots. William E. on Readjustment, Education and Em- cessful and the VA has cooperated to its ployment which met to hold hearings on Games, Administrator of the Ohio Bu- utmost, a large time gap often exists be- the problems of Vietnam era veterans. reau of Employment Services, estimates tween when the veteran starts training will Cmdr Geiger told of the Legion's efforts 60,000 more names be added to the and when he gets his first monthly check. in its Jobs For Veterans Program and list in the next year. Thus, veterans experience great financial also described the establishment of an • In Williamsport. Pa., on a much strain because of delayed benefits. offshoot program which seeks to set up smaller scale, but no less important ef- In order to alleviate this strain, the Veterans Assistance & Information Cen- fort, the Bureau of Employment Security Dep't of Illinois collaborated with the in Several al- recently a of ters Legion posts. have prepared "Compendium Corn Belt Bank of Bloomington, III., and ready been started in Chicago, III., and Occupational Profiles." which contains the Illinois Federation of Veterans in Houston, Tex. He also recommended the names of 3 1 4 Vietnam era veterans in College to devise a 60-day college vet- several actions which the Legion felt and around that central Pennsvlvania eran loan program to help tide the ex- would improve the employment services city of 45.000 who seek work. The list serviceman over that initial period. to veterans. was sent to 300 major companies with The veteran must belong to a local • In Wichita. Kans.. the Legion requests that interested employers con- club of the I.F.V.C. and his application teamed up with the Small Business Ad- tact the local veterans employment rep- must be approved by that group. There ministration and the Kansas State Dep't resentative. Response was reported good is also a $10 processing fee but no other of Education on Oct. 12 to present a despite a sluggish local economy. interest charges. Loans range from $175 • Small Business Workshop for young In Washington, D.C.. U.S. Post- for a single vet up to $240 for a married veterans interested in entering into busi- master Winton M. Blount announced vet with two dependents. ness for themselves. Forty-two veterans. that ten of the nation's largest post of- The Illinois Legion has a special fund to back up the loan program and has in- Georgia Supermarket of Veterans Benefits Gearing Up Again stituted a set of cross-checks designed to protect the program. For further in- formation, contact E. V. "Skip" Kiesling, Department Adjutant, The American Legion, P.O. Box 910, Bloomington, HI.

Boys' State Conference At the 36th Annual Boys' State Con- ference in Indianapolis, Oct. 16-17, 97 delegates representing 39 departments gathered to exchange views and informa- tion for the improvement of the various Boys' States operations. Under the chairmanship of Dr. Edwin L. Peterson (Utah) the delegates, whose department programs annually provide 28,000 youths with week-long training sessions in government affairs and the workings of a democratic system, dis- cussed such items as how youths should be selected, hair grooming and other appearance criteria, and the possibility that workshops could be organized to provide workable solutions. Representatives of the nation's service academies were also on hand as inter- ested observers. The U.S. Military Acad- Surrounded by dozens of signs as they prepare for another Supermarket of Veterans emy reported 914 former Boys' Staters Benefits are Georgia's Director of Veterans Benefits Pete (seated, holding signs) Wheeler were in class at West Point and the Air George Shehane, Georgia's Legion Dep't Service Officer (standing, left), Don Ivlilton Force Academy reported roughly 1,000 (standing, right) and Rorie Smith, Georgia Veterans Service Officers accredited to the Legion. The Supermarket program was started in 1966 and now has 35 state and in its classes. No figures were available federal agencies participating as it moves around each year to various Georgia cities. for other service academies.

34 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1971 PHOTO BY VEltNE COOLMAN A New American Legion Bridge winning team scored 463 out of a pos- composed of The Interstate 65 Bridge being built sible 500 targets and was Cunningham, L. over the Alabama River in Montgomery, J. Wright, K. Shock, D. L. Farnsworth. Runner-up Ala., has been officially named The Boley and American Legion Memorial Bridge. The honors went to Post 574, North George- R. Miller, R. half-mile-long bridge is being con- town—462. The team: Jarvis, Weisenburger, C. Teeter and structed at a |:ost of $4.2 million. Gov. H. team champs George Wallace, in signing the naming H. Hancock. High two-man Shock and D. Cunningham of bill, said, "It is most appropriate to were K. New SAL officers chosen honor The American Legion in genuine Post 64. High shooter of the day was Sons of The American Legion, shown in gratitude and for the valuable services Jim Wright of Post 64 after a shoot-off the photo with the new gold and blue of Both rendered to the state by this organiza- with Mike Anderson Post 300. Nat'l SAL banner. From left to right are tion." posted 97 out of 100 and Wright got 25 Nat'l Chaplain Bryan O'Boyle; Past Nat'l in shoot-off. Dep't Cmdr Ernest Stone and Dep't of 25 and Anderson 23 the Chairman J. R. Stillwell; Nat'l Vice Adjutant Lawson Lynn were present at Chairman Robert Faust; Nat'l Chairman the signing, along with Rep. Raymond John Smolinsky; Nat'l Sgt-at-Arms Er- Weeks, a Past Dep't Cmdr (1962-63), nest Wilson, Jr.; and Nat'l Adjutant Eric and State Senator Robert Wilder. Weeks Smith, Jr. Not pictured is Fred Hartline, and Wilder were the sponsors of the bill. assistant Sgt.-at-Arms. The bridge was named by legislative act at the request of the Federal Bureau The Texas Legion dedicated a new statue of Roads. Name plaques will be placed —WWl Doughboy going "over the top" on the structure when it is completed. —in front of its Dep't HQ in Austin. The The new 1-65 bridge will take a traffic statue depicts a scene typical of trench load off the double bridge on U.S. 31 warfare in France in 1916-18. Said Dep't North that goes through Prattville to Birmingham. The span, called Reese's

Ferry Bridge, is named after an old ferry that used to cross the Alabama River at Connecticut rewards Integrity. that point. For his integrity in returning a Legion BRIEFLY NOTED check which he had found, nine-year-old Marietta, Ohio, Post 64 won the 1971 John Rodriquez, of Hartford, Conn., was Dep"t Trap Shoot title. Its five-man team given a collection of 30 Kennedy half- took top honors in the Championship dollars and a certificate of appreciation Trap Shoot conducted at the Route 58 by the Legion Dep't of Connecticut. In Gun Club near Lorain. The annual shoot the photo with the young man are Ben- was hosted by Post 30, Lorain. From all jamin Truskoski. Dep't Treasurer and parts of the state came 147 shooters, rep- vice chairman of The American Legion resenting 21 posts, through fog and Magazine Commission, who put to- threatening weather to challenge for 19 gether the coin collection and made the championship trophies. (Post 300, Na- presentation, and the boy's father. poleon, had three Vietnam veterans on its team—Mike Anderson, William Bev- Looking forward to a new year of accom- Snyder.) Marietta's plishment are the new officers of the elhymer and Marc WWl Doughboy in Dep't of Texas (Austin) Cmdr Gil Moody: "The statue is being dedicated in honor of the veterans of WWl, both living and those who have passed on, who helped found the Amer- ican Legion in Paris, France, March 15-17, 1919." Past Nat'l Cmdr William E. Galbraith, now an undersecretary in the Dep't of Agriculture, Washington, D.C., gave the dedication address.

A pilot project conducted by the Le- gion's Mountain Camp of Tupper Lake,

N.Y., made it possible for 115 resi- dents of Sunmount State School to en- joy a camping experience, recently. The residents, accompanied to camp by vol- unteer school staff members, participated in the full range of camp activities, in- cluding reveille, arts and crafts, recrea- tion, fishing and campfires. Trips to the

Here are the trophy winners In the 1971 Annual Ohio Dep't Trap Shoot Competition. From canteen also were part of the three- to left, seated: L. Farnsworth, J. Wright (Post 64, Marietta); H. Hancock, H. Weisenburger, five-day camp stay, and money for resi- left: D. Cunningham, L. Boley (Post C. Teeter (Post 574, No. Georgetown); standing at dents' canteen purchases was donated by 64); standing, right: R. Jarvis (Post 574); K. Shock (Post 64); standing, rear: L. and V. Por- the downstate Auxiliaries of the Legion. terfield (Post 605, Waldo); R. Thompson (Post 30, Lorain); R. Conrad, R. Miller (Post 574). of the Post 64 was team champ. From all parts of Ohio, 147 shooters represented 21 posts. William Feist, superintendent

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1971 35 .

NEWS board of directors of the camp, and Dr. POSTS IN ACTION Bell & Howell tape recorders to Larry Richard Francis. Sunmount Director, McLaughlin, president of Ward 6B, Spi- arranged and supervised the program. nal Cord Council. East Orange VA Hos- Charles Frenette of the Tupper Lake pital. With this gift all beds in Ward 6B Coca Cola Bottling Co. contributed soft are now equipped with tape recorders. drinks. Larry is a young Viet vet who suffered a broken neck: his movement of arms and Legion Auxiliary choral groups around legs is limited. He is interested in learning the country are preparing for a busy to speak Spanish and will utilize the re- 1972 season of competition and for a corder in that pursuit. strong challenge to the units that sang their way to top honors at the Annual NEW POSTS The American Legion has recently Bill Buckley honored in New York. chartered the following new posts: William F. Buckley. Jr., newspaper Gila Bend Post 22. Gila Bend. Ariz.; columnist and editor of the National Re- Whiteriver Post 60. Whiteriver. Ariz.; view, was given the Bill of Rights De- Gila River Post 84. Sacaton. Ariz.; Hess- fense Gold Medal and a Citation for Dis- ton Post 210. Hesston. Kans.; Croton tinguished Public Service by Wall Street Post 381. Croton. Mich.; Hendersonville Post 1217, New York, N.Y. Buckley, Post 281. Hendersonville, N.C.: George who is also an author, lecturer and TV S. Patton Post 29. Rio Piedras. Puerto personality, received the annual award Rico; Monte Carlo Post 146. Rio Pie- of the post at Federal Hall Nat'l Me- dras, Puerto Rico. Unit 15, Sioux Falls. S. Dak., produced morial, a Site, in three champion groups at Houston; the Nat'l Historic New Sextette (above). Quartet and Trio. York City's Wall St. In the phoro. 1. to rt.. are Post Cmdr Fred Price, Past Cmdr Convention in Houston. Texas, some Oliver Troster. chairman of the event, months ago. Always to be counted as a John F. Keenan, of Bay\ ille. N.Y.. Past and Buckley. The Citation read, in part: favored candidate for titles is Unit 15, Dep't Cmdr (1957-58). a long-time mem- "To William F. Buckley, a present day Sioux Falls, So, Dakota, which won first ber of the Civil Defense Committee of patriot and the countrv's most articulate place in Trio. Quartet, and Sextette at the Nat'l Security Commission, and. at advocate of Americanism " The Houston. Breaking the Sioux Falls donii- the time of his death, a vice chairman of Citation was presented by Past Post the Foreign Relations Council of the James Cook, the Bill of Rights Cmdr Foreign Relations Commission. He was Defense Gold Medal Post by Cmdr Director of Administration of the Family Price. The 29th Annual Ceremonies and Children's Court in New York City were co-sponsored by the New York until his retiremerrt in 1954. Earlier, he City (American Revolution) Bicenten- had been a probation officer in Magis- nial Citizens Committee, the York New trate's Court. City Nat'l Shrines Associates, and the Bill of Rights Commemorative Society. Jcseph F. W. Morrison. 81. ol Stuttgart, D Ark.. Past Dep't Cmdr (1924-25). Nat'l Post Lindenhurst, N.Y., gave four 1120, Executive Committeeman in 1920-21, $500 college scholarships: the Auxiliary and Alternate Nat'l Executive Commit- Greene, will at- sponsored Miss Gay who teeman in 1923-24 and 1946-47. tend the State Univ. at Geneseo: the Blue D In Junior competition, Unit 93, Letcher, Hornets Legion Drum Corps sponsored E. 73. Utah, So. Dakota, won Quartet (above) and Trio. Parley Jensen, of Ogden. Univ. Miss Bonnie Lynn Asbury (State Past Dep't Cmdr (1956-57) and Alter- nation Unit of Mayville, Brockport): Post 1120 sponsored Jo- was 69, Wis., nate Nat'l Executive Committeeman in which captured the Chorus title. For the hanna Fay Di Dio (University of Roch- 1 958-67. ( Comimied on page 37) first time in eight years or more, a ester) and Robert James Nigro (Univ. Junior competition was held in Trio and of Binghamton) Quartet singing. Unit 93, Letcher, So. COMRADES IN DISTRESS Dakota, won both classes. Post 185, Caldwell, N.J., presented 10 Readers who can help these veterans are urged to do so. Usually a statement is needed in support of a VA claim. Notices are run only at the request of American Legion Service Officers representing claimants, using Search For Witness Forms available only from State Legion Service Officers. 11th Airborne Div {Bihoro, Hokkaido, Japan, July 1946) —Need information from Logan (Kankakee, 111.), Dedwylder (Quitman, Miss.), and any other comrades who recall that Garland E. Copeland hurt his back, sustained a rupture, and broke or damaged his pelvis (with complications) when a horse fell on him. Write to "CDIOS, American Le- gion Magazine, 1345 Ave. of the Americas, New York, N.Y. 10019." Army 397th QM Trucking Co (Belgium 1944) —Need information from Lt. Evans, M/Sgt Randall, T-4s Lamb, Kelly and Anderson and any other comrades who recall that Louieco Mattison, Jr., suffered a seizure while installing a cam shaft and timing gear in a truck. Write "CD106, American Legion Magazine, 1345 Ave. of the Americas, New At Houston, Unit 69, Mayville, Wis., won the Auxiliary Chorus competition. York, N.Y. 10019."

36 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1971 1051st Eng Port Constr Repair Gp— (July) E. Forrest Ackley and George P. Breault R. Rand, 79, of Minneapolis, & Rufus Mrs. Concetta Seghi, 3440 Frazer Ave.. N.W., (both 1971), Post 19, Willimantic. Conn. Minn., Past Dep't Cmdr (1926-27), and Canton, Ohio 44709 Michael Arango and George W. Mattox (both

1906 Eng Avn Bn, H&S Co— (July) Oliver 1971) , Post 1, Cuba (in exile). the last surviving member of the La- Simonson. St. Libory, Neb. 68872 Walter Grauel and Robert Fowler (both

Sons of Sherman's March to the Sea (Feb.) 1972) , Post 270, Port Orange, Fla. fayette Escadrille. He served in WWl — Stan Schirmacher, 1725 Farmers, Tempe, Gus A. Larkin and Dr. R. C. Peterson and and WW2, was a prominent civic and Ariz. 85281 Dr. Harry T. Phillips and W. H. Roberts and Bert Schroeder (all 1971), Post 13, Lewiston, business leader in the Minneapolis area, NAVY Idaho. and was formerly a regent of the Univ. 17th Seabees (WW2)— (June) Dr. Kent King, Delbert E Parrott (1969), Post 62, Bridge- 103 Thayer Ave., Makato, Minn. 56001 port, 111. of Minnesota and mayor of Wayzata, Edson's Raiders— (Feb.) James Thomas, 141 E. John T. Farmer and Harold Florsheim and Albert Pick, Jr. and Samuel R. Rosenthal (all a suburb of Minneapolis. 23rd St., Chester, Pa. 19013 LST 999 (WW2)— (June) Nick Pratt, 2379 1971), Post 145, Highland Park, 111. Wynona Dr., Marietta, Ga. 30060 Richard S. Flyte (1971), Post 243, Lemont. OUTFIT REUNIONS Marine Barracks (Balboa, Panama, C.Z. 1942- 111. 44)— (July) Hugh Smith. 29016 Dawson St., Sam Vaughn and Clara Vick (both 1971), in Reunion will be held month indicated. Garden City, Mich. 48135 Post 347, Carterville. 111. particulars write person address is For whose USS Bebas— (June) Jack Wood, 209 E. Grove, Donald Walper (1971), Post 675, Oswego, 111. given. Rantoul, 111. 61866 George Eisenstadt (1971), Post 827, Chicago, Notices accepted on official forms only. For USS Chicago (April) J. B. Lancaster, 111. form addressed return envelope (WWl)— send stamped, 331 Greenwood Ave., Jenkintown, Pa. Harry Adler and Michael Cozzi (both 1971), Magazine, to O. R. Form, American Legion 19046 Post 844. Chicago. 111. 1345 Avenue of the Americas, New York. N.Y. USS Lexington (CV2)— (June) Walter Reed, Joseph Aronica and Julius Cismesia, Jr. and 10019. Notices should be received at least five 5410 Broadway, Oakland, Calif. 94618 Edward J. Kouba, Jr. (all 1971), Post 1016. months before scheduled reunion. No written Berkeley, III. USS Louisville (CA28)— ( July) Joe Exum, 1154 letter necessary to get form. W. Main St., Stroudsburg, Pa. 18360 Philip Titus (1971), Post 10, Marion, Ind. Earliest submission favored when volume of USS Neal A. Scott (DE769) 1944-45)— (Jan.) Eugene C. Savieo (1971) and Paul Pendry requests is too great to print all. Watson, 8102 NW 59th PL, Fort Lauderdale, and Walter Rodgers and Kenneth Webster (all Fla. 33313 1966). Post 227, Dunkirk, Ind. ARMY USS New Orleans— (July) John Fatherly, Rt. Jack E. Sweet (1969) and Allen J. Girardot 3i-d Arm'd Div— (July) Paul Corrigan, 38 Ex- 2, Lebanon, Tenn. 37087 (1970), Post 330, New Haven, Ind. change St., Lynn, L. Mass. 01901 USS Beid (DD369)— ( July ) Robert Sneed, 1537 Joseph Schwaub (year not given). Post 53. 4th Arm'd Div— (July) Samuel Schenker, Sr., N. 59th St., Milwaukee. Wis. 53208 Grinnel, Iowa. 2440 Victoria Dr., Sharon, Chris Pa. 16146 USS Vesuvius (AE15)— ( July) James Miller, J. Kramme (1970) and Robert J. 6th Arm'd Div— (July) Edward Reed, P.O. Box 304 E. 7th St., Rock Falls, 111. 61071 O'Connor and Frank B. Ulish (both 1971), Post 492, Louisville, Ky. 40201 USS Vicksburg (CL86)— ( June) Robert Rowen, 130, Fort Dodge, Iowa. 12th Eng (WWl)—(May) John Rodgers, 607 Box 337, Springville, Iowa 52336 Gene K. Foster (1971), Post 182, Eldora, Angenette Ave., Kirkwood, Mo. 63122 Iowa. 15th Eng (WWl)— (April) John Towns. 981 AIR James B. Reeder (1971), Post 14, Shreveport, Gladys Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa. 15216 2nd Bomb Gp (WW2)— (July) Clyde Atkerson, La. 18th Eng (WWl)— (Jan.) Alan Williams, 1540 Robert E. Blaisdell (1971), Post 2, Augusta, 2028 Reever St., Arlington, Texas 76010 Avonrea Rd., San Marino, Calif. 91108 Me. 10th Ftr Sqdn (WW2)— (July) Walter Camp- 20th Eng, 6th Bn (WWl)— (Feb.) H. F. Gustaf- Thomas C. Foley (1971), Post 17, Portland. bell, 2639 Colfax Ave., S., Minneapolis,. son, 3427 Ave. C. Council Bluffs, Iowa 51501 Minn. 55408 Me. 30th (July) Saul Dr., William Burnell Rufus C. Randall Div— Solow, 43 Parkway 11th Radio Relay Sqdn— (July) L. R. Parke, M. and Syosset, N.Y. 11791 (both Post Standish, 5775 Berg Rd., Buffalo, N.Y. 14218 1971). 128, Me. 33rd Div—(May) Robert Sullivan, 176 W. William T. Barrans and John L. Hogarth and 20th AF & ALL WW2 Veterans (All Services) Adams St., Chicago, 111. 60603 Kenneth Marshall and Carl B.Perry (all 1971), —(March Sept.) Richard Keenan, 4465 63rd Div— (July) Irvin Schlocker, 935 Prince- & Post Towson, MacArthur Blvd., Washington. D.C. 20007 22, Md. ton Ave., Philadelphia, Pa. 19111 Arthur P. Melvin T. Saffield 28th Air Logistic Sqdn, 28th Air Transport, & Dawson and 75th Div— (July) John Eden, 1125 S. 47th Ter- (both 1971) and Edward T. Scanlon (1970) and 28th MAC Airlift Sqdn— (July) Morey Jeffrey, race, Kansas City, Kans. 66106 James Zeman Post 40, Glen Burnie, 67 N. 750 East, Kaysville, Utah 84037 (1971), Md. 89th Cml Mtr Bn— (July) R. G. McLennand, George J. Somers F. Murphy 29th Air Serv Gp— (July) Frank Pace, 315 W. and Thomas 24 Kenwood Dr.. Coraopolis, Pa. 15108 (both 1970) and J. Earle Brown (1969) and St., Dover, Ohio 44622 97th Recon 15th Tp Mech (WW2)— (June) Frank (July) Loyde Adams, John W. O'Brien and Katherine K. Anderson, Ayers, P.O. 90th Bomb Gp H (WW2)— Box 552, Macon, Mo. 63552 Hampshire, Lincoln, Neb. 68508 (years unknown), Post 60, Laurel. Md. 104th Eng, Co (June) Archibald Aronson, 1208 New A— 414th Aviation Sig Co— (July) Harold Luck. Julius J. Feighenne (1971), Post 131, Colmar 125 Gates Ave., Montclair, N.J. W. 2922 Heroy Ave., Spokane, Wash. 99205 Manor, Md. 106th Cav— (June) Raymond McGee. 107 W. 586th Bomb Sqdn— (July) James McHugh, 717 J. Winter Murray (1969) and John A. Whit- Franklin St., Urbana, 111. 61801 tington (1971), Post 222, Clear Spring, Md. Lams Court, Mt. Prospect, 111. 60056 125th Field Art'y Bn— (Feb.) Mel Monsaas, Ernest T. Deveau (1971), Post 380, Quincy, 215 W. Toledo St., Duluth, Minn. 55811 Mass 138th Inf. Co D (WWl)— (April) Walter Mar- MISCELLANEOUS Everett R. Mills (1969), Post 128, Mattapan, tin, 2121 St. Clair Ave., Brentwood. Mo. 63144 WW2 Veterans (All Services)— (March & Sept.) Mass. 153rd Inf, Co K (WW2)— (July) Harold Owens, Richard Keenan, 4465 MacArthur Blvd., Roiiert H. Chittick, Jr. and Charles Grant 909 S.E. 2nd St., Walnut Ridge, Ark. 72476 Washington. D.C. 20007 and Donald P. Greeley and Henry C. Jackson, 155th MM Gun Det (Christmas Isl, Central Sr. (all 1971), Post 194, Hamilton, Mass. Pacific, WW2)— (June) David Buente, 120 LIFE MEMBERSHIPS James P. McManus and Jeffrey L. Moulton Arch Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa. 15202 and Benjamin R. Sullivan and Lewis J. Carey 166th AAA Gun Bn, Bat C— (July) Gerald The award of a life membership to a Legion- and Alexander D. Coyne (all 1971), Post 196. Fager, 1423 N. Baltimore, Derby, Kans. naire by his Post is a testimony by those who Boston, Mass. 202nd AAA AW Bn (WW2)— (July) H. T. know him best that he has served The Ameri- Richard Bruso (1971), Post 279, Auburn. Moreland, 21 Austin Ave., Asheville, N.C. can Legion well. Mass. 236th Eng Combat Bn (WW2)— (July) Walter Below are listed some of the previously un- John C. Gibson (1971), Post 375, Lawrence, Nemore, Rt. 1, Gainesboro, Tenn. 38562 published life membership Post awards that Mass. 285th Field Art'y Observ Bn— (June) Raymond have been reported to the editors. They are Joseph Wisniowski (1971), Post 452, Chico- Rinehart, 117 N. Barbara St., Mount Joy, Pa. arranged by States or Departments. pee, Mass. 290th Eng Combat Bn— (July) Clyde Kiker, Ralph E. Close (1971), Post 18, Bay City, 1800 S. Chapman St., Greensboro, N.C. Mich. 291st Inf, Co K— (July) John Stringos, 17 Charles V. Singer and H. M. Burck (both Frank A. Stobbe (1971), Post 173, Deai'born, Fountain Ave., Somerville, Mass. 02145 1971), Post 14, San Bernardino, Calif. Mich. 300th Eng Bn, (C)— (June) Ernest Young, Rt. Carl Doelter (1971), Post 41, Monterey, Calif. Irl Culver and Blaine Hill and Lew Love- 2, Box 313, Austin, Texas 78704 Alfred W. Butts and Howell H. Hough and land, Sr. and Leslie Whiteman and Frank Wild 343rd Ord Depot Co— (June) Reinie Wieder- Louis Schirm, Jr. (all 1971), Post 150, Burbank, (all 1971), Post 174, Lawrence, Mich. rich, 3161 N.E. 79th Ave., Portland, Ore. Calif. John J. Roethel (1971), Post 190. Detroit, 373rd Field Art'y Bn B— (April) Sidney War- Wayne Bowen(1961) and Alvin G. McDowell Mich. lick, 3913 Belcross Dr., Charlotte, N.C. 28205 and Charlie D. Robinson (both 1971) and John G. W. R. Baldwin and Charles Ehiert and 448th AAA AW Bn (WW2)— (June) Ike A. Harman and Maynard E. Nordquist (both William Lawrenz and Gus Spitzer (all 1971), Kendall, Box 1, RichValley, Ind. 46973 1969), Post 152, Compton, Calif. Post 331, Bridgman, Mich. 478th AAA Bn— (July) Joseph Morell, 518 Marcus M. Hirschorn (1971), Post 156, Santa {Continued on page 38) Center St., Rochester, Pa. 15074 Monica, Calif. 512th MP Bn— (June) George Mustin, 642 James P. Capetan and Haralampos Ganas Semmes St., Memphis, Tenn. 38111 and George Panos (all 1971), Post 285, Los 554th Motor Ambulance Co— (Feb.) Leonard Angeles, Calif. Woods, Box 235, Green Bay, Wis. 54305 Arthur L. Daniels (1971), Post 337, Oakland, 601st Ord Bn— (Apr.) Sidney Michelson, 20 Calif. Tyler Ave., Apt. 406, Highland Park, Mich. Pauline G. King (1971), Post 398, Inglewood, 48203 Calif. 628th Tank Dest Bn (WW2)— (July) Tom Joseph Cadell and Sam D. Fraser and Robert Walker, West Middlesex, Pa. 16159 E. Earl (all 1972), Post 416, Encinitas, Calif. 695th APU— (June) Rolland Jones, 109 S. Sum- Cecil G. Davis and E. L. Huckins and Emil mit St., Flandreau, S. Dak. 57028 Ullman (all 1971), Post 469, Yucca Valley, Calif. 726th AMTRAC Bn— (July) Bob Priest, 2359 Boyd N. Williams (1970), Post 601, San Fran- N. 23rd St., Lafayette, Ind. 47904 cisco, Calif. 732nd ROB— (Jan. & July) Ralph Rogers, 6306 Manuel L. Luz (1968) and Ariston Hernandez Shelbourne St., Philadelphia, Pa. 19111 (1969) and Santos M. Sabio (1970) and Albert 74Ist Tank Bn— (July) Kenneth Powell, 707 V. Suero (1971), Post Salinas, 652. Calif. Post 152, Whitesburg, Ky., held a special W. 2nd St.. Pittsburg, Ks. 66762 Edward J. Beeves and Evan B. Costa (both 752nd Rwy Oper Bn, Co C— (May) Eugene 1971), Post 833, Long Beach, Calif. meeting for a memorable purpose—the Glass, 110 Berwyn Ave., Buffalo, N.Y. 14215 Robert W. Queen and Floyd H. Sloane and members burned their post home mort- 753rd Rwy Shop Bn— (June) Tittle, Ray Rt. 1, B. Wayne Smith (all 1971). Post 32, Longmont, gage. James Bates, Post Cmdr, stands Huron, Ohio 44839 Colo. 754th Tank Bn— (Julvi Michael Stepien 122 Richard P. Raymond (1971), Post 12, Nor- ready to strike the match, and Woodrow Churchill St., McKees Rocks, Pa. 15136 walk, Conn. Bates, Vice Cmdr, holds the document.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1971 37 Sr. (1968) and Anthony Wagner (1969), Post Isadore Shapiro (1971), Post 37, Philadel- 240, Passaic County, N.J. phia, Pa. John Clifford Hennessey (1971), Post 348, John T. Smith (1969) and Edward Mingle, Brick Town, N.J, Jr. (1970) and John F. Stay (1971), Post 211, Henry J. Melville (1971), Post 369, Oakland, Philadelphia, Pa, N.J. George Beck (1971), Post 220, Grove City, Nicolo Castelli and Michael Chiusano and Pa. James J. Cochran and Peter Danzilo. Sr. and George L. Solt and William F. Sticher and Joseph DeAndrea (all 1971), Post 14, Brooklyn, Harry H. Straub and William H. Strauch and N.Y. Mason Wagner (all 1970), Post 286, Cressona, Arthur R. Wasson (1971), Post 34, Shorts- Pa. ville, N.Y. French A. Madden and Walter W. Mander John S. Shourds and Albert C. Smith (both and James H. Patterson and Harold Pilgrim, 1969), Post 35, Albion, N.Y. Sr. and Charles W. Polk (all 1971), Post 292, Rocco Pasquarelli (1971), Post 101, West- Philadelphia, Pa. bury, N.Y. Raymond Schoch and Frank Worthington Percy J. McCann (1971), Post 178, Millerton, and Lester Houck (all 1971) and Charles Hen- Dawson Brown, Post 314, Lehighton, Pa., N.Y. derson and John I. Correll (both 1969), Post Palmer 378. Bangor, presents American flag shoulder patches Wilbur B. Rahn and Kenneth and Pa. Charles Burr (1971), Post 189, Norwich, N.Y. Andrew Franckowiak and Walter S. Godek to members of Lehighton H.S. football Frank Fink (1970) and William Boyd and and John S. Mazurek (all 1971), Post 929, team. Coach Jim Wentz is at right. The George Diimrauf and Ray Waldron (all 1971), Reading, Pa. Godofredo P, Neric Enrique L. patches will be worn this season by the Post 291, Greenville, N.Y. and Saave- Neal Boardman and Leo Bort, Sr. and Dan- dra (both 1971), Post 28, Manila, P,I. Similar will team. presentations be made iel Cole and Douglass Crutchley and William Allan Hunt (1969), Post 56, Providence, R.I. to other varsity teams at the school. A. Delong (all 1967). Post 418, Phoenix, N.Y. Dan Schumack (1972) and Wayne C. Schuc- Myron Kamm and Earl Moorehouse and hardt (1970) and Harry J. Sears and Andrew Clarence F. Paye and Raymond Reinhardt Steiger and Harold Weisser (all 1972), Post 78, and Ralph Roberts (all 1971), Post 506. Ossi- Leola, S. Dak. ning, N.Y. Reuben S. Carter and George R. Darling H. Post 342. Flint. George Memieux (1971), Harry E. Craig and Edward Hadfield a :d (1971), Post 126, Knoxville, Tenn. Mich. Albert G. Held and William J. Hilly ard and Felix Harris (1970), Post 560, Houston, A. Jorde 94. Rushford. Henry (1971), Post George H. Lyon (all 1971). Post 603, Roches- Texas. Minn. ter, N.Y. Angus McDonald and Lyle McDonald and J. Dejmek ( both Oscar Warwick and James Anton Krasnak and Milton E. Haas and William Sorensen and Harry Thorsen and 203. St. Paul, Minn. 1971), Post William C. Brown, Jr. (all 1971), Post 651, Conway Wilkes (all 1971), Post 36, Salina, Cecil P. Herb E. Hanson and Simmons and Sayville, N.Y. Utah. Conrad Steen and Jack Wiecks (all 1971), Post Horace Gibbs and J. Fletcher Gillinder and Louis Colvin (1971), Post 69, Arlington, Vt. 267, Minn. Walnut Grove. Warren C. Hathaway and Thomas J. Hoppey Homer Locke and John Murphy and Daniel Slagcrman (1968), Post 304, Gonvick. Roy and Cecil W. Karr (all 1972), Post 685, Port O'Dowd and Horace Ovitt and Fred Tanguay Minn. Jervis, N.Y. (all 1971), Post 80, Island Pond. Vt, George P. Lysaker and Walter A. Olson Charles J. Merwin and Henry Muller and F. L. Forlines and S. W. Grovitt and T. W 431. Twin Vallev. Minn. (1971), Post Clarence Rikard (all 1968), Post 686, Grand Greer and R, W, Gunn and H. H. Heath (all Leier (1971), Post 474. St, Paul, Minn. Frank Gorge, N.Y, 1971), Post 8, South Boston, Va, Orrin L. Austin and Jack C, Tliornliill (both Michael J. Sauchelli (1971). Post 690. New Ed J. Aaron and C. W. Anderson and Biir- Sr. (1971). 1970) and Maurice A. Wheldo.i. York, N.Y, iiell A. Britt and H. G. Carson and L. W. Che- Post 1, Jackson, Miss. Glen Fults, Sr. and Robert P. Grant and nault (all 1972), Post 93, Buchanan, Va. William A. Bczold and Herbert F. Meyer and Stanley Hungerford and George Hutchinson James E. Cumber (1971), Post 141, Rich- A. E. L. Spencer and Benjamin Pottebanm and and Royal LaLonde, Sr, (all 1971), Post 821. (nond, Va. Fritz S. Theissen (all 1971). Post 147. Rhine- Clayton. N.Y. Gordon E. Johnson and Jesse Fleenor (both land, Mo. Thomas H. Exton Jones (1971), Post 929. 1971), Post 162, Lorton, Va. Rudloff (both Hobart Mueller and Robert C. Moriches. N.Y. Frank Dodson (1969). Post 176, Springfield.

, Festus, 1971) Post 253, Mo. Hugh F. Roden (1971). Post 980. Queens Vil- Va. Willard Munyon and O. Mike Watskey and lage, N.Y. A. B. Cloe and Louis Menne (both 1971), and James H, Slaughter and J, H. O'Connor Thomas J. Isenberg (1971). Post 1110, New Stafford, Va. M. Walters (all 1971), Post 264, Marceli'ie. Mo. York. N.Y, Gordon E. Stowe (1970) and Anthony H. William K. Bur- Stanley Collins (1963) and Clifford L. Palmer and Benjamin S. Pearsall Forrester and Lewis E. Kine and George H. ris. Sr. (1971), Post 71, Fromberfi, Mont. and Jackson O. Roberts and Maynard H. Smith Throop (all 1971), Post 202, Tacoma, Wash. Patrick Rcardon 1 1971 ) . Post 83, Lincoln. is ( , and James J. Tommaney (all 1970), Post 1231, Lew L. Todd 1971 ) Post 232, Federal Way, N.H. Clinton Heights, N.Y. Wash, Sylvester Zittelli and George W. Ebbe and Harold W. Lindsav (1971i, Post 1266, Wurts- Lawrence L, Ware, Sr, (1971), Post 58, Mont- Allen Veral Edward Williamson and Ernie and boro, N.Y. gomery, W. Va. Allen (all 1971). Post 30, Harrington Park, N.J. Joseph Finegan (1964) and Lawrence Flani- Joseph S. Piechowski (1971), Post 2, Mil- H. Ger- Alex Murray, Jr. (1970) and William gan and Ernest Portner and Charles B. Duell waukee. Wis. and Ernest Stainton ber and J. Flovd Roome (all 1966). Post 1309. Taberg. N.Y. Albert H. Gipp and Elmer J, Graf and Frank Falls. N.J. (all 1971). Post' 121. Little Thomas G, Mugavin il971). Post 1363, El- Kaniiiiecki and Ed, A. Krueger and Rueben K, Edward J. Bechtel and J. E. Hcnr\ Metz dred, N.Y. Monroe (all 1971), Post 217, Bonduel, Wis. (both 19711, Post 142, Maywood. N.J. Howard Dahlberg and Richard DeNeering Joseph Martin and Micale Mlnalgo and and Jacob Van Kouwenberg and Herbert Be- Life Memberships are accepted for publica- and Oliver George Nicol and Nicholas Raimondi dette and Raymond East (1970), Post 1430, tion only on an official form, which we provide. Rogers (all 1970). Post 177, Old Bridge, N.J. Marion, N.Y. Reports received only from Commander, Ad- Charles A. I-cnge, Rienk K. Kay (1971) and Charles A. Jones (1971). Post 1488. Hemp- .iutant or Finance Officer of Post which awarded stead, N.Y, the life membership. David L. Roberts (1970), Post 1582. Cana- They maj' get form by sending stamped, self- beraga, N.Y, addressed return envelope to: American Legion Life Insurance Legion Magazine, Edward J, Barth and Geor?e Pt'annschniidt "L.M. Form, American 1,345 of N.Y." Month Ending Sept. 30, 1971 both 19711, Post 1738, West Ishp, N,Y. Avenue the Americas, New York, Dr, J. S. Lewis and William W. McComb and 10019. On a corner of the return envelope write the Benelits paid Jan. 1-Sept, 30. 1971 ,. .S 1.434,385 John F. Miller, Jr., and W. B. Miller and of you wish to report. Benefits paid since April 1958 11.2.55,261 Bailey Patrick (all 1970), Post 48. Hickory, number names No written letter necessary to get forms. Basic Units in force (number) 120,228 N,C. New Applications approved since John B. Long (1971), Post 413, Landis, N.C. Jan. 1, 1971 14,202 Earl E. HardCastle and Carl J. HartMan New Applications rejected 6,240 and George H. Hite and J. J. HoodLett, M.D. and Virgil Haynes (all 1970), Post 11. Lancas- American Legion Life Insurance is an official ter, Ohio. program of The American Legion, adopted b.y John A. Engel and Fred Krahenbuhl (1971), the National Executive Committee, 1958. It is Post 138, Hamilton, Ohio. decreasing term insurance, issued on applica- Lowell Gladden and Jeffrey J. Groves and tion to paid-up members of The American Staley W. Hart and Earl Haught a^d Allen Legion subject to approval based on health and Kemp (all 1971), Post 312, Belmont, Ohio. employment statement. Death benefits range Leonard P. Kohn (1971). Post 421. Fairview from 846,000 (four full units up through age 29) Park, Ohio. in decreasing steps with age to termination of Thomas W. McCaw (1969) and James E. insurance at end of year in which 75th birthday Harlow (19701 and Paul Pa^'mo^d Fisher and " occurs. Quoted benefits include 15% "bonus Sanford W. Green (both 1971), Post 491, Den- in excess of contract amount. For calendar nison, Ohio year 1971 the 15% "across the board" increase Claire L, Bailey and Vincent J, Kwapich and in benefits will continue to all participants in Frank A. Mahr and Edward G. Miller and the group insurance plan. Available up to four George J. Norcross (all 1971). Post 512, Toledo, full units at a fiat rate of $24 per unit a year Ohio. on a calendar year basis, pro-rated during the Walter A. Campbell and Thomas C. Downes first year at S2 a month per unit for insurance and Herman E. Reimink (all 1971), Post 35, approved after January 1. Underwritten by two Oklahoma City, Okla. commercial life insurance companies, the Oc- Glenn H. Howe (1971), Post 98, Portland, cidental Life Insurance Co. of California and Ore. Thomas Gallagher, left, then commander, United States Life Insurance Co. in the City of Mary Louisa Miles (1971), Post 137, Port- Post 316, Summit Hill, Pa., presents to York. American Legion Insurance Trust land, Ore, New Perry Shelton, 1st VC, keys to new am- Fund is managed by trustees operating under Gerald R, Gower (1970) and Peter Slustrop the laws of Missouri. No other insurance may (1969), Post 168, Cannon Beach, Ore. bulance, gift to community from post and use the full words "American Legion." Ad- Edwin C. Clay and Edward A. Gerlach and unit. The $13,690 1971 model replaces an Insurance Francis P. Gray and David S. Kluxen and ministered by The Auerican Legion 11-year-old ambulance, has three litters Division. P.O. Box 5609, Chicago, Illinois 60680, Francis C. McColgan (all 1971), Post 10, Fort to which write for more details. Washington. Pa. and a steel litter, and oxygen tanks.

38 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1971 Y —

ADVANCED NEW JIFFY JET FLAME GUN

Instantly delivers a jet of flame with safe, pinpoint accuracy! JIFFY-JET UNCONDITIONAL FREE REPLACEMENT JIFFY-JET takes the work and worry out of the toughest GUARANTEE! winter clean-up! Safe, sure, powerful flame melts Ice and snow so easily and effortlessly-— it'll do your heart good! If you should ever damage your JIFFY-JET 99 no matter how return it to the factory, Lightweight (less than 3 lbs. when loaded with a full propane — — cylinder), yet so effective ... it does a real heavy-duty job! together with $1.00 to cover the cost of Clears walks and driveways and even the heaviest drifts so fast and *7 shipping and handling . . . and we'll either so thoroughly—you may never have to lift a snow shovel again! return yours to you in perfect operating condition, or send you a new one as a replacement. Fine-Tuning Adjust-A-Flame Valve And JIFFY-JET runs for up to 12 hours on a single standard cylinder of propane gas Adjusts for All Sorts of Uses! available at just about any hardware, paint, or department store! You'll find even more uses for your

Turn the valve fully open . . . and JIFFY-JET JIFFY-JET, come summer! For edging walks and instantly produces a powerful jet of flame. Or paths. Or burning out weeds and grass from turn the valve nearly shut ... and tune the between patio flagstone and bricks ... or in flame down to a thin wisp. So you can handle cracks in walks or driveways. Or getting rid all sorts of jobs. Clear a wide path through of insect nests—even inhabited ones—safely snow or ice. Or remove old paint and putty ... at a distance! Or lighting barbecue char- from hard-to-reach corners and "frozen" coal ... or campfires. Or keeping flower beds window frames. Or clear clogged-up gutters edged more neatly and precisely than ever of ice or old leaves. Or thaw frozen pipes. Or before! JIFFY-JET—once you get it . . . you'll get thick fireplace logs to catch without never want to do without it again. And you kindling. Long barrel lets you do any job from won't need to—thanks to our unconditional floor to ceiling without bending or stretching. free replacement guarantee!

SPENCER GIFTS Foreign-Made Guns! Check Facts and Figures—and See for Yourself! 852 Spencer BIdg., Atlantic City. N.J. 08404 A Miracle of American Engineering Achievement! Out-Performs Costly Yes, please rush me (S-49577) JIffy-Jet Propane JIFFY-JET MODEL X MODEL MDDELZ Flame Gun(s) (S-49577) @ $7.99 plus 75c each for shipping and handling.

If not delighted, 1 may return my order within 10 days for prompt Made in U.S.A.. with standard, Made Kerosene, Rod-Type Gun Heavyweight refund. in-stock replacement parts. in Made in Japan or England. Heavy Duty U.S.A. British-Made Check or money order enclosed for total: $ Kerosene Burner, New Jersey residents add 5% sales tax.

Weighs less than 3 it)s. fully loaded. Same Weighs nearly 5 lbs. Weighs about 20 lbs

Actually grows lighter in your hand Name (Please print) .

as you use it! Uses propane gas in pre loaded cylinders Uses liquid kerosene. Tank must be Uses liquid kerosene. Funnel filling ot Address Cylinder screws directly onto gun- filled with funnel. Danger of spills! tank required, with danger of spills ready to use! No pouring, no spills! and smells' City- Just turn valve and light v/ith match. Same Must pump to build up pressure, Must pump to tiuild up pressure, Instant ignition -ready for action' saturate cap or wick to heat coils, saturate cap or wick to heat coils, state- .Zip_ then wait 3 or 4 minutes tor coils to then wait 3 or 4 minutes tor coils to glow, turn valve, release kerosene to be glow: turn valve, release kerosene to be SAVE! Order TWO Jiffy-Jet Flame Guns for only $15.98. We pay ignited when it hits glowing coil. Ignited when it hits glowing coil. all shipping and handling charges. (You save $1.50.) You'll find an Burns about twice as hot as kerosene Same Must keep pumping to maintain Constant pumping required to maintain extra Jiffy-Jet very useful around the house. Your wife can use it, Flame is clean and residueless— practical pressure Flame deposits black residue pressure Kerosene flame deposits black so you get the work done in Vz the time. Or keep the extra in your for use both indoors and outdoors on gun and cleared area Not residue on burner and cleared area. car trunk. It will free you in a jiffy, should you get stuck in snow recommended for indoor use. Not recommended for indoor use. or on ice. Costs only $7.99 Costs S9 98 Japanese model costs $14.96 Costs 540.00 © 1971 Spencer Gifts, Inc. English model costs $24 95

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1971 39 —

THE "CRIME" OF PERSONAL IGNORANCE Ignorance is a "crime" wlien it becomes a handi- TRAVELERS ALERT! cap to success. In today's society it pays to know the "rules" ... the law. The Blackstone School offers a program of reading assignments, for HOME INSURANCE OPTIONS. adults who have completed formal schooling; especially designed for people who expect to accumulate property, lead in business or com- NOTABLE NEWS ITEM. munity life. NOT A CORRESPONDENCE COURSE If you take a winter vacation this year, you can—as usual—choose from Program may be scheduled to your interests and time covering any or all law subjects. FREE a supermarket of plans, packages, rates, hotels and carriers to suit your BOOKLET, "The People vs. You" mailed on re- quest. No salesman will call. pocketbook. But this year several new angles are worth remembering: Money: The world's currencies are topsy-turvy. Fluctuations in exchange BLACKSTONE SCHOOL OF LAW oept 91 307 N. Michigan Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60601 rates are a daily routine, and the overseas traveler is sure to take losses of varying dimensions no matter which currency he is using. So consider prepaying as much of your trip as possible; use well-known credit cards WHITE'S is #1 CHOICE wherever they are accepted; avoid exchanging money at stores, restaurants with over 25 models of Metal Detectors to select or even hotels: don't exchange on weekends when gouging is especially from: Detects GOLD—SILVER—COPPER NUGGETS—COINS— RINGS rampant, and beware of shops that offer seemingly attractive rates—they JEWELRY, etc. ^^^^ probably jacked their prices up to compensate for the break you think GUARANTEED!! ^^^^^ you're getting. Drugs: The government is becoming alarmed over the growing number of our young people who are arrested and jailed in other nations on drug charges. Contrary to what the youngsters think, penalties in foreign nations FREE LITERATURE can be very stiff. In Mexico, for instance, possession of drugs draws two to WHITE'S ELECTRONICS, INC. nine years, a fine, and six to 12 months of pretrial confinement; in Canada, 1011 Pleasant Valley Rd.,Rm. 502, Sweet Home, Ore. 97386 up to seven years; in Italy, three to eight years. Moreovei', in many countries COUNTERFEIT GUNS the dope peddlers turn out to be police informers. U.S. embassies can do DISASSEMBLE LIKE ORIGII\(ALS little to help anyone who gets trapped, because a traveler is subject to the laws of the country he is visiting.

Surcharge: Remember that if you bring back over $100 worth of mer- chandise from outside the United States (with minor exceptions), you now not only pay a duty, but also a 10% surcharge on the excess.

Precision machined metal models look, feel, weigh like real guns—even fool experts. As pointed out in this column recently, the replacement costs of homes Perfectly legal — CANNOT be and personal property have risen so steeply in the last decade (about 80% fired. Great for decorating den, office, rec. room. Send for color brochure of 28 models of famous his- for dwellings and over 100 for personal property) that it's wise to check torical to modern military firearms. Dealer inquiries welcome. whether you're insured adequately. Here are some additional points on homeowner's (fire-theft-liability) insurance: REPLICA MODELS, Inc. Dept. AL-12, 610 Franklin Street 1) If you insure your dwelling for 80% to 100% of its value, you get out Alexandria, Virginia 22314 of the "co-insurance" class (explained below) and can have superior pro- tection under one of two options: REACH OUT • Replacement-value option: On a house that would cost $100,000 to re- place, you would insure in the $80,000-$100,000 range, giving you $40,000- AMERICA'S FUTURE $50,000 on contents and personal possessions. If a fire caused $20,000 dam- IS IN YOUR HANDS age to the structure, you would get $20,000 plus the depreciated value of any contents that were damaged. The maximum payout under this option would be $150,000 if you were insured 100% and $120,000 if you were in- sured 80% —plus an allowance for temporarily living elsewhere. • Actual cash (depreciated) value option: Suppose you figure the cash value of the house above would be $80,000 at the time of loss. Now you might insure in a range of $64,000 to $80,000 (giving you $32,000 to $40,000^ on contents and personal property). On partial losses you would collect on a depreciated basis all around. On a complete loss the maximum pay- out would be $120,000 at full coverage and $96,000 at 80%. HYDRAULIC JACK REPAIRS 2) If you insure for less than 80%, you are "co-insuring"—that is, as- Suppose you had insured the house in this Earn While You Learn In Your Sparc Time suming major risks on your own.

Trained and qualified mechanics needed NOW to service example for a mere $50,000. On a wipeout, the maximum you would get is inoperative hydraulic jacks. BIG opportunity tor ambitious men. We show you HOW — in your basement or garage to $75,000. On partial losses, payment is figured via a ratio (amount of insur- earn spare time cash in an expanding industry. Don't wait, ACT NOW! Get the facts. ance carried over amount required). Write for folder No. A 12 and free bonus offer.

Hydraulic Jack Repair Manual Co., Inc. a. P.O. BOX 3 • STATEN ISLAND, N.V. 10314 Current development worth noting:

• Energy situation: Unlike last winter, when it was touch-and-go all the way, the supply of heating fuels this winter is pretty good. Oil is in ample supply. Ditto coal (although you have to keep your fingers ci-ossed on FLUSHES UP sporadic strikes). Natural gas is the only fuel that could develop shortages 1o sewer or .septic tank here and there. no digging up floors. By Edgar A. Grunwald WRITE , . . Mcpherson, inc. BOX 15133 TAMPA, FLA. 33614

40 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1971 — )

roads were unable to solve their THE TERRIBLE CONDITION OF i AMERICA'S FREIGHT RAILROADS own (Continued rem page 9) problems, legislators and bureaucrats be- In addition, the railroads developed a on freight cars and send them back to gan to look toward other, less conven- special type of train—the "unit train" railroad headquarters. A sister system is tional solutions. to increase efficiency when they shipped called TRAIN, for TeleRail Automated Probably the most discussed of these coal to electric utilities. Unit trains make Information Network. It links the com- was nationalization. no stops beforjb the final destination. puters of some 64 major railroads, re- There's no shuffling of cars, no waiting porting 85% of the 175.000 daily freight AT FIRST GLANCE, there seem to be at sidings. On express routes, unit trains car interchange movements within 72 many advantages to having the can make as many as 150 round trips a hours. government buy the railroads, put the year, compared to 18 by conventional To try to assure themselves of enough rail and rolling stock into tiptop condi- trains. cash to keep the rails and rolling stock tion, and ru'i them on a unified, logical in good condition, many rail lines basis. There could be considerable sav- THE SOUTHERN RAILWAY invented the merged during the 1950's and 1960"s. ings from centralized operations, no "Big John" hopper car. One man can The idea was to centralize, reduce dupli- need for profits, no running out of the fill it to its 98-ton capacity in ten min- cation, cut costs—and raise profits. cash necessary to maintain the lines and utes, or unload it in seven minutes. It en- By the late 1960's, it was obvious that improve them, money available for wage abled the Southern to cut rates and re- these measures—heroic though they demands—or so you'd think. capture some profitable traffic in grain might have been—were not succeeding. Naturally, the railroad management transport from barges and trucks. If anything, the railroads were going and owners don"t want nationalization. Other railroads, using other types of downhill faster than they had been. They're still convinced there's a profit improved cars, also cut rates in the late Piggybacking reached a peak, then to be made hauling freight by train. 1950's and early 1960's. in an effort to stopped. The "Big John" hopper cars had Their rebuttal to the arguments for na- compete more effectively. They also helped, but further advances were un- tionalization is earnest—and pretty worked hard to make sure that the aver- likely. Freight car utilization had gone convincing. age freight car carried more, traveled up 50% in a decade, and here was li le They note that the United States farther each day. and spent less time idle room for further improvement. Some would have to lay out somewhere be- than in past years. mergers had helped, but others. like the tween S28 billion and S60 billion just to To help them do this, they developed merger of the Pennsylvania Railroad and buy the current plant at fair market computerized ways of keeping track of the New York Central—had been un- value. That money would have to come freight cars. One of these methods is mitigated disasters. from the taxpayers, one way or another. ACI, for Automatic Car Identification. Operation bootstrap failed. Then, the government would own an

ACI trackside sensors read the numbers When it became obvious that the rail- {Continued on page 42

FREE 1972 EMBLEM CATALOG

A free copy of the new Emblem Catalog is waiting on your request.

SEND FOR YOUR COPY TODAY!

Catalogs Will Be Mailed

After January 1, 1972.

National Emblem Sales THE AMERICAN LEGION P.O. Box 1055, Indianapolis, Indiana 46206 Rush me my FREE copy of the new 1972 emblem Catalog

NAME. Cut Out & Mail Today ADDRESS. For new FREE Emblem . Catalog . . .STATE. -ZIP-

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1971 41 —

THE TERRIBLE CONDITION OF AMERICA'S FREIGHT RAILROADS that a more natural distribution of the (Continued from page 41) business has something in it for ill-maintained and rather dilapidated These arguments, strong as they are, everyone. mess, which would need, according to might be enough to prevent railroad na- The Hartke-Adams Bill is designed to the railroads' own figures, some $36 bil- tionalization. But one other fact seems help insure the survival and continuing lion in the next ten years for repair and the clincher. The railroads, working with improvement of all surface transporta- modernization. This, too, would be paid the trucking industry and the barge in- tion modes. The main benefactor of the for by you and me. dustry, have come up with a unified plan bill, of course, will be the railroads, now If this were any guarantee that the for surface transportation in the United the "sick man" of the transportation railroads would be able to haul freight States that promises to put the entire industry. as efficiently as the national interest de- transportation industry on a firm, profit- Part of the bill is planned to allow all mands—indefinitely and without huge able footing. In short, all the major the carriers to improve and expand their deficits— it might be worth it. haulers now prefer changing the condi- equipment and facilities without being Unfortunately, this seems unlikely tions that obstruct private success to na- forced to borrow at unreasonable or no matter how many taxpayers' billions tionalization of the railways. prohibitive rates. It would establish a the government might invest in the rail- This brings us back to the Hartke- government corporation that would be roads.

THE RECORD of governments in run- ning businesses is hardly encourag- ing. The incentives of politics and bu- reaucracy are often irrelevant to the function of a business. Efficiency bogs down. Costs soar. Accountability may be corrupted by political devices. Ca- reerists are attracted to entrench them- selves in key positions on a political rather than a performance basis. Paper- work empires grow. Poor performance or waste are covered up by inputs from the public treasury. Needed changes be- come impossible or are interminably de- layed. An absolute monopoly is created which locks out the ingenuity of possi- ble competitors. The cumulative history of the U.S. Post Office is hardly an ad for the na- tionalization of anything. Yet, where the service is nationally essential, conditions which prevent private efforts from suc- 'I've noticed another problem with all this air pollution snow seems to weigh more ceeding must lead either to altering those — than it did a few years ago." conditions or to nationalization.

Fact is. wherever railroads have been I'Hi: AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE nationalized—Germany, Japan, Great Britain. France, and. of course, the com- Adams Bill—or the Surface Transporta- able to lend railroads and other carriers munist nations—there have been serious tion Act of 1971, a bill sponsored by up to a total of $5 billion, in actual loans problems. Service has been good enough, Sen. Vance Hartke (Ind.) and Rep. or loan guarantees. The loans would be on the whole, but the railroads have run Brock Adams (Wash.), and put together repaid, with interest, over a 15-year up huge deficits, year after year. Most of with the help and approval not only of period. (The inability to borrow at fa- them have had yearly losses averaging the American Railroad Association, but vorable rates has been one of the major 20% of their income. A similar deficit by also the American Trucking Associations stumbling blocks to railway improve- American railroads would amount to and the Water Transport Association. ment.) more than $2 billion a year—again from The truckers and the barge lines, of This money, the railroads are con- taxpayers' pockets, if the railroads were course, see that nationalization of the vinced, would be enough, combined with nationalized. railroads would swing the whole pendu- their own resources, for them to embark Charles D. Baker, assistant secretary lum of government favor away from on a modernization and improvement of the Department of Transportation, them and back to the rails. Their long- program totalling $36 billion over the points out that nationalized railroads do standing position of privilege would next ten years. They say it would over- not work. "In West Germany," he says, change overnight to their being in com- come past deficiencies and keep pace "they have had to levy a tax on truck petition with the government, with the with present and future needs. All over- freight in order te get money to put into rails switching from least favored to age locomotives and freight cars could their rail system. The Southern pavs al- most favored. They'd prefer free com- be replaced, the rail replacement rate most three times the wages of British petition with healthy private railroads to could be tripled, and the tie replacement

Rail and carries more freight. Yet British that, even if it meant giving up some of rate could be doubled. Rail's freight charges are higher than the their accustomed advantages. At the The Hartke-Adams Bill also seeks to Southern's. same time, their joint plan proposes to assure surface carriers a reasonable op- "The cost of acquiring the railroads," share the business more naturally and portunity to earn reasonable profits.

Baker goes on. "is the smallest part of less artificially. The desire of the rail- (Lack of this is what has made it so hard the problem. What about loss of tax roads to surrender their weak branch line to borrow privately.) It would let all revenues, the loss of real estate tax?" traffic to trucking exemplifies the fact the carriers adjust rates quickly, accord-

42 THE AMERICAN LEGtON MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1971 ing to market fluctuations. But it also empties, and lease the cars to the roads STAIR CLIMBER would protect shippers and consumers, They think it can be done at no long-term by WECOLATOR since the ICC would retain authority to public cost, and are willing to put up the reject rates that were clearly out of line. first $10 million to $30 million. Enjoy your multi-story home without climbing a single step The bill would forbid local govern- The proposed agency might invest with a comfortable, dependable, ments to tax transportation companies more initially to help build a new fleet maintenance free Wecolator Stair Climber. Installs at discriminatory rates. It would try to of rolling stock, and get its money and quickly and neatly on straight or curved equalize competition by regulating truck operating costs back in rental charges to stairways. Operates on standard rates in waysimore like the regulation of the railways. Today, the ownership and 110 volt household service. Also available - Cheney Wheel- rail rates. Barges would have to make movement of freight rolling stock is a chair Lift - a real help to persons public their now secret rates for dry bulk madhouse, with various roads owning confined to wheelchairs. shipments, to give rails and trucks a cars that they don't see from one year's Write or telephone for a free brochure chance to bid against them. end to the next, and with empties tending THE CHENEY COMPANY, 761 1 N. 73rd St. Dept. L, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53223 Railways could abandon track that is to build up in the East while they're 414/354-8510 a losing proposition by notifying the ICC needed in the West. 45 days in advance. On its own initiative, Beyond that, they'd like the govern- I WANT EVERY READER or on complaint of a customer, the ICC ment to put a lot more of its research and of this Paper to have my biq red could hold that up for six months. Then development effort into developing rail- Bs EARLIANA TOMATO it would take effect unless the ICC found road innovations—as it does in other mi ^"KING OF THE EARLIES" (a) that it was against public policy and fields of public interest, including air, Big solid, scarlet fruit, disease resistant, heavy yielder. Ideal for (b) that the railroad could get back at water and highway transportation. C table or canning. Send 15c for big least its operating costs. Thus, in less " packet or 25c for 2 packets pDfF and copy of Seed and Nursery Catalog. "tt RAILWAYS are a little sensitive THE R. H. SHUMWAY SEEDSMAN about being branded as old fogies Dept. 306 ROCKFORD. ILLINOIS 61101

when it was the government and not their rivals that developed jet planes, FALSE TEETH modern highway designs and improved waterways and airports. They have KLUTCH holds them tighter lacked the means, and often the permis- KLUTCH forms a comfort cushion: holds dental plates so much firmer and snugger that one can eat sion, to be innovative themselves. Rail- and talk with greater comfort and security: in many cases almost as well as with natural teeth. Klutch roading gets about 4% of government lessens the constant fear of a dropping, rocking, chafing plate. ... If your druggist doesn't have transportation research funds, nearly all Klutch, don't waste money on substitutes, but send us IOC and we will mail you a generous trial box of it for high-speed passenger transporta- KLUTCH CO., Dept. 107M, ELMIRA, N.Y. 14902 tion.

The railroads point out that a train can Big opportunities. Big prof- its. Earn quickly. Full or move a ton of freight with only one-fifth part time. Learn at home, the fuel, one-sixth the accidents and it's easy. Do real jobs: All one-tenth the land required for truck Tools— Materials Sup- plied. Accredited member transportation. Meanwhile, there's NHSC, Lie. State of NJ- plenty of business in their own spheres VeL Appd. Send name, ad- dress & Zip for FREE book. for trucks and barges, and there's more Ucktmithlng Institute, Dept. 1221-121, Little Falls, N.J. 07424 freight business in the years ahead than trucks, barges and railroads, as now con- stituted, seem able to measure up to. Railroading, the lines say, can con- PSORIASIS tribute greatly to pollution control and "I'm sorry, the answering service is out, may well be more adaptable to auto- can be may I take a message, this is their answer- ing service?" mated controls and computer technology than any other transport mode. That conlrolied THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINK Bowie, Maryland— 30, 1971 means there is great potential in research August "Please don't stop sending order and development, in improving effi- than a year, a railroad could abandon blanks, as using your product is the

ciency, allowing higher speeds and only relief I get from the Itching and branch lines that it actually operates at scaling of psoriasis. I have it on my greater loads—in the end. providing the a loss and leave that field to trucks; and body In various places, and also on United States with a better, more reli- my scalp. Thank you." This report inaction by the ICC would permit, in- able, less expensive freight transporta- tells of a user's success with our stead of block, abandonment. GHP ointment for the outward symp- tion system than it has now. the end toms of psoriasis. Send for full In- States would be required to use at formation and details of a 14 day least 5% of all federal highway funds ANSWERING ADS- trial plan to: allocated to them for grade-crossing WHEN GIVE YOUR ZIP CODE Canam Sales Company, Dept. 400 Rockport, MA 01966 improvements—a total of about $270 million a year. There are still 180,000 unguarded crossings in the nation, where FIND BURIED TREASURE 1,500 deaths and 3,700 injuries occur Find buried gold, silver, coins, treasures with powerful new annually. electronic detector. Most powerful made. Ultra sensitive. That's about the substance of the Penetrates deep into earth. Works through mud, beach sand, rock, wood, etc. Signals Hartke-Adams Bill. The railroads say it $1995 when object is detected. would be a lifesaver. though they have 13 other problems that they want help with. to p Write for Free Catalog, treasure hunting tips and 5 POWERFUL One other thing they want is an agency unusual souvenir coin. MODELS to own a large number of general purpose $12950 RELCO Dept. D-199 Box 10839, Houston, Tex. 77018 freight cars, control the movements of

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1971 43 —

THE WAR WE ALMOST FOUGHT WITH FRANCE moned to his palace at Saint-Cloud the (Continued from page 25) French Minister of the Treasury, sooner did it crush the black rebelUon in Haiti and Holland, it was time to pull Francois de Barbe-Marbois, and plunged one part of the island, than it erupted in back. Better, he told himself, to finish into a long discussion of Louisiana with another part. General Leclerc tricked the off England first. him. Marbois had spent many years in black leader. Toussaint Louverture, into This meant three things to Napoleon. America and in the West Indies, and peace negotiations. The moment he put First, there was no point holding Louisi- was married to an American wife. He himself in French hands he was thrown ana until he had whipped England. The expressed sorrow that the ex-aliies were aboard a man-of-war and shipped to British navy might take it back the min- now on the brink of war over the terri- France, where he died in a miserable ute the new war started, or the Ameri- tory. "Well, you have the charge of the dungeon in the French Alps. But other cans could easily take it once he was treasury," Napoleon said, "let them give leaders rose to take his place, and they heavily engaged with Britain. vou one hundred millions of francs ( $20 fought on with a suicidal frenzy and American guns. The black freedom fighters' rage was redoubled when they learned that Na- poleon, in another typical double-cross, had reestablished slavery in nearby Guadeloupe. On top of the wild spirit of resistance came a yellow-fever epi- demic that killed far more French sol- diers than rebel bullets. General Le- clerc's letters to his dictatorial brother-in-law were one long wail of despair.

PHYSICALLY e.xhaustcd and utterly baffled by his failure. Leclerc him- self caught yellow fever and died in

December 1 802. By this time, the rem- nant of his once proud army was cling- ing to a small enclave around Port au another leg weight, rerope the pulleys, oil Prince, fighting off ever more ferocious "Add , the bed crank and give h im a couple of aspirin." native attacks, and praying for orders to evacuate. Instead of a springboard to THE AIWeRICAN I.):*-I(>N' MAOAZIN'K invade Louisiana. Napoleon found h'm- self minus 20,000 men and one of his Second, once he had beaten England million )... and take the whole coun- best generals. For a final twist of bad he would control the seas and he could try." luck, winter ice blocked the Dutch port then handle the Americans with less The astonished Marbois reminded from which the occupying army had trouble than they'd given him so far. Napoleon that he had promised the been about to sail for Louisiana. Third, for his impending invasion of Spanish king that he would never sell Napoleon, who never lost his cool, Britain he needed money. So why not Louisiana to a foreign power. With a now looked the scene over and decided sell Louisiana to the Americans—get cynical smile, Napoleon revealed to that he'd had it for the time being. Be- their cash now and settle their hash Marbois his long-range plans. Practi- tween the unexpectedly tough and nervy lat'^r? cally quoting the very words that Sec- Americans and his colossal bad luck in On April 12, 1803, Napoleon sum- retary of State Madison had planted in the French ambassador's mind. Na- poleon assured Marbois that the new territory would cause "rivalries in the HAVE YOU CHANGED YOUR ADDRESS? bosom of the union" by "separating the

To insure that your magazine will follow you if you've changed interest of the eastern and western your address recently or expect to shortly, fill out this coupon and states." Inevitably. Napoleon predicted, mail to: Circulation Dep't, The American Legion Magazine, P. O. Box two separate nations would arise. Once 1954, Indianapolis, Ind. 46206. Also, notify your post adjutant. that happened, it would be absurdly ' I ATTACH ADDRESS LABEL FROM YOUR CURRENT simple to play one off against the other, ISSUE IN THIS SPACE OR PRINT OLD ADDRESS I and make one or both French satellites. If the Americans were willing to pay

cash for such a fate, why not take it and to hell with Spain's feelings. The Americans, meanv^hile, remained convinced that war was imminent. Early PLEASE PRINT in April, when James Monroe finally Date. landed in Le Havre, he was greeted by a note from Ambassador Livingston tell- NAME. .POST NO. ing him that nothing but baj'onets could (member's name) pry Louisiana out of France's hands. In CARD NO.. -YEAR. DEPT.. Washington, D.C.. during the same NEW ADDRESS. week. Jefferson asked his Cabinet to vote (street) (ROUTE OR P.O. BOX) on terms of an alliance with England to CITY or TOWN_ .STATE. block the French from Louisiana. They (ZIP CODE) agreed to prom'se England not to sign

44 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1971 a separate peace with France. But they lion to 60 million francs, and then left also voted not to let England seize any him with the severe warning that he part of Louisiana territory under any still felt the price was too high. Living- circumstances. ston rushed home and wrote an exultant In Paris, Foreign Minister Talleyrand letter to Secretary of State Madison, tell- began feeling out Livingston on the big ing him that the U.S. Government ought fegive

sale. Without warning, he asked the to grab it and could get the whole price you a better fit. American ambassador if he wanted to back from the sale of the land to settlers. buy the entire )Louisiana territory. A few days later, Monroe entered the Dentur-Eze holds dentures

negotiations and after some initial naturally firm. It protects

LIVINGSTON missed the point, or didn't doubts, agreed with Livingston that gums as long as it holds, believe his ears. reiterated his Marbois' 60 million-franc olTer ($12- He and lasts longer too. So old song about only wanting New million) was irresistible. Nervously, you can enjoy the good Orleans and the Floridas. Talleyrand both envoys wrote to President Jeffer- things in life. shrugged and said that without New son and Secretary of State Madison, Orleans the rest of the territory all the hoping they would not be censured be- For the kind of fit you've way to Canada was worth little. "What cause they had exceeded their instruc- alwayswanted, get would you give for the whole?" Nobody tions. The moment Madison heard from Dentur-Eze today, at your Livingston that the French were ready had ever discussed the whole before. favorite drug counter. The stunned Livingston suggested 20 to sell the whole territory, he rushed an million francs—about $4 million. Tal- instant approval on board the first ship. leyrand said that was too low, and It was, Madison said, "a truly noble ac- Dentur-Eze urged him to think about it. Then he quisition." CUSHION PLASTIC airily remarked that he was acting with- out orders, and said the whole conver- FROM THESE words. it is evident how sation was "unofficial." little Madison meant his earlier Two days later, the official French statement that American expansion be- negotiator, Barbe-Marbois, made his yond the Mississippi would create two move. He asked the American ambassa- hostile nations—though Napoleon had GET DAY dor if he could see him late that evening. bought it hook, line and sinker. Madi- ilMCIIIIESf At about 1 1 o'clock, having gotten rid son never doubted that Louisiana could 151 of some fellow diplomats he was enter- be brought into the Union by breaking 'HE rsAID HE'D had win.- nt tracks uii liiv ins ol s87-i. «1U82, and SlolG. I thought he mu.st be ;t mil ionaii o. Then I found out he wasn't. He'd simply had $20 on taining, Livingston hurried to Marbois' it up into states and accepting them as all predictions of PENCLIFF world's top race computer."

SEXSATIONAL-space apre-scientific, > et so easy to oper- home. There he was told Napoleon equal partners in the American experi- ate, wonderful Pencliff on sale .^ince 1965. has a master director and 6 pi-edictors. You simplv FEED IN previous wanted to sell all of Louisiana for 100 ment, in the same orderly, peaceful way form, weights, etc. FABULOUS re.sults U.S.A.. Canada, U.K.. etc. We supply FACTS over 4,000 latest U.S.A. CHECK.^BLE biff win PENCLIFF predictions. BIG $2 pay- million francs. Livingston gasped. So far. that Kentucky and Tennessee had al- (jtf 's incl. f^ati. $70, S82. .S96. -S 104 . etc. . and BIG track win.s—$2 stakes on all predictions in all Congress had only voted $2 million for ready added their stars to the flag. He races incl. $113, $118, $121, $134. $141. $151. etc.: . CLEAR I'ROFIT ON THE DAY. Money refund guarantee. the acquisition of New Orleans. His had also foreseen that the idea of a fed- Learn how an .accident on the inventor's yacht , his 25 ^ears racing experience, aid of 12 other experts, and a giant I.B.iM. Computer, all led to the invention of diplomatic instructions from the Presi- eral republic was beyond the grasp of a amazing PENCLIFF. R.H.P. Co.. Box 5715 PAMN. Carmel. Calif. 93921. dent authorized him to go as high as $10 dictator like Napoleon Bonaparte. Tear out this ad NOW and mail with name, address, and million. But $20 million? Further negotiation with Marbois He beat Marbois down from 100 mil- shaved the actual price for the territory (Continued on page 46)

^ FUND RAISING Easy way to raise money for your Organizotion because everyone has fun playing BINGO! Thousands of Organizations are maicing up to $500.00 per week using "BINGO KING" supplies and FREE Idea Bulletins. Write for FREE catalog and details on raising money for your Organizo- N- tion. PLEASE GIVE NAME OF ORGANIZATION.

DEPT. 738 BOX 1178/ ENGLEWOOD, COLO. 80II0

Train quicklv in 8 short weeks at Toledo bright future with security in vital meat business. Big pay, full-time jobs HAVE A PROFITABLE MARKEl' OF YOUR OWN! Time payment plan avail- able. Diploma given. Job help. Thou-

t sands of succes.sful graduates. OUTt 48lh I197T YEAR! Send now for big new illustrated FREE catalog. No obligation. C.l. Approved. NATIONAL SCHOOL OF MEAT CUTTING Dept. \-4<>. Tolrdo. Ohio 4;jr,04 SPARE vTIME; CASH!

SEU n«w litotimo. Golden Melal , Social Security Plates in spore time for BIO PKOFITS. Millions wailing to buy. No investment or obltgotion whatsoever. "Okay if we use your car? The insurance Wallie's on was cancelled. SEND FOR FREE SAMPLE AND COMPLETE SALES KIT NOW.' THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE RUSSELL PRODUCTS CO P.O.BOX 286 AL-26 PULASKI, TENN. 38478

the: AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1971 45 THE WAR WE ALMOST FOUGHT WITH FRANCE of ruling the seas at Trafalgar in 1805, (Continued from page 45) and his own hash was settled for good to $11,250,000. Another $3,750,000 at first intimated that they would not at Waterloo in 1815. was thrown into the pot to cover unpaid honor the treaty. Jefferson flexed his A separate transfer of the upper debts owed by France to U.S. citizens, muscles and told them that such an reaches of the Louisiana Territory took

which the U.S. Government agreed to attitude would bring on "acts of force." place in St. Louis on March 9, 1 804. assume. Thus a festering dispute that On Oct. 4, 1803, the Cabinet agreed Capt. Amos Stoddard handled both sides had soured U.S.-French relations for unanimously to seize New Orleans by of the transfer. The French liked him years was also removed. conquest if the Spanish continued to so much that they let him represent balk. Gen. James Wilkinson, the rank- them, too. ONI- PROBi.F.M remained, from the ing general of the American army, was Meanwhile, the Lewis and Clark ex- American point of view. There was ordered to put the garrison at Fort pedition had moved down the Ohio on nothing in the Constitution that gave the Adams in fighting readiness. The sena- Aug. 31, 1803. Twenty-four months federal government the power to acquire tors and representatives from Tennessee later, they sighted the Pacific Ocean at additional territory. Jefferson felt that and Kentucky were asked to help raise the mouth of the Columbia River, and an amendment to the Constitution was militia volunteers. The President was a year later they were back in Washing- needed to make the purchase legal. In soon informed by these gentlemen that ton with maps and voluminous reports the meantime, he told one close friend he could expect 5.000 sharpshooters to on the Indians, the game, the soil, the that he must go ahead with the purchase arrive on a few days' notice at Fort rivers, the mountains and lakes of our

and rely on the nation to approve it Adams, eager and able to use the gov- immensely rich continental heartland. later as '"an act done for its great good, ernment muskets stored there. The American pioneers by the tens of thou-

without its previous authority." Then prospect of fighting this many Ameri- sands soon followed them. With justi- came news from France that Napoleon cans gave the Spaniards second fiable pride. President Thomas Jefferson was regretting the deal. He groused that thoughts. They glumly turned New Or- hailed the birth of "an empire for lib- Marbois had been too generous with the leans over to French officials on Nov. erty." THE END Americans and talked of abrogating 30, 1803. The French governor held it

the agreement if the money did not ar- for 20 days and then grumpily sur- NONMEMBER GIFT SUBSCRIPTIONS rive soon. This made Jefferson fear that rendered it to General Wilkinson and a to admit the deed was done outside the handful of American regulars. Give your non-Legionnaire friends a one-year gift subscription to The Amer- Constitution would give Napoleon an Nine months later. William C. C. ican Legion Magazine. For each sub- opening to withdraw the bargain. Jef- Claiborne became the first territorial scription, send name, address and ZIP ferson called a special session of Con- governor. In another eight years, Louisi- number along with $2 checlc or money gress to proceed with the purchase with- ana was a state, the first to be admitted order to: Circulation Dept., P. O. Box out asking any Constitutional questions. from the territory. 1954, Indianapolis, Ind., 46206. $1 ad- On October 20. 1803. the Senate voted As for Napoleon settling our hash ditional outside U.S. limits. 24 to 7 in favor of the treaty. The later. Lord Nelson wrecked his dreams money, in U.S. Government securities, was rushed to France by the fastest available ship. STATEMENT OF OWNERSHIP, MANAGEMENT AND CIRCULATION Unexpected difficulty came from the ( Aci of August 12. 1970; Section 3685, Title 39, United States Code) 1. Title of Publication: THE AMERICAN LE- The American Legion. 700 N. Pennsylvania St., in of Spaniards, who were still control irlON MAGAZINE. Indianapolis, Indiana +6206. Louisiana. They had agreed to reopen 2. Date of filing: Seplcnibcr. 1971. 8. Known bondliolders, mortgagees, and other se- "'/'^V "^^."g P^'""'^ "'°'.<' Krequency of issue: Monthly. °/ ' the port of New Orleans to American ot total amount oi bonds, mortgages or other sccuri- goods. But when they heard that Na- 4. Location of known oflice of publication: 1100 ties: None. West Broadway, Louisville. Kentucky +0201 9, p^^ optional completion by publisliers mailing at poleon had violated his promise not to (Jettcrson Lounty). ^ regular rates (Section 132.121, Postal Service >. Location of the headquarters or general busi- sell the territory, they were furious and Manual) ness offices of the publishers: 700 N. Pcnnsyl- 39 U.S.C. 3626 provides in pertinent pan : "No per- vania St.. Indianapolis, Ind. +6206. „ho would have been entitled to mail matter 6. Names and addresses of publisher, editor, and under former section +3 59 of this title shall mail such There's more to do... managing editor: matter at the rates provided under this subsection Publisher: James F. O'Neil. 13 + 5 Avenue of the unless he files annually with the Postal Service a .Americas, New York, New York 10019. written request for permission to mail matter at such Editor: Robert B. Pitkin. 13 + 5 Avenue of the rates."

Americas. New York, New York 10019. In accordance with ilie provisions of this statute. I Managing Editor: None. hereby request permission to mail the publication

7. Owner (II owned by a corporation, its name and named in Item 1 at the reduced postage rates pres- addrrss must be stated and also Immediately there- ently authorized by 39 U.S.C. 3626. ^ under the names and addresses of stockholders owning James F. O Neil, Publisher or holdins. I percent or more of total amount of stock. 10. For completion by nonprofit organizations author- // not owned by a corporation, the names and ad- ized to mail at special rates (Section 132.122. Postal dresses oj the individual owners must be given. Ij Manual) The purpose, function, and nonprofit status owned by a partnership or other unincorporated firm, of this organization and the exempt status for its name and address, as well as that oj each indi- Federal income tax purposes have noi changed dur- vidiiul must be given.) ing preceding 12 months.

Average Actu;il Number No. Copies of Copies of Each Issue During Single Issue Preceding Published Nearest 12 Months To Filing Date II. E.XTENT AND NATURE OF CIRCULATION A. Total No. Copies Printed (.Net Press Run) 2.695,713 2, 712. +66 B. Paid Circulation

1 . S:iles Through Dealers and Carriers, Street Vendors and Counter Sales None None 2. Mail Subscriptions 2,665.350 2,687,136 C. Total Paid Circulation 2.665,350 2,687,136 D. Free Distribution by Mail. Carrier or Other Means 1. Samples, Complimentary, and Other Free Copies.... 11.189 11,0+0 2. (L'opies Distributed to News Agents, But Not Sold None None E. Total Distribution (sum of C and D) 2,676.539 2,698,176 F. Office Use. Left-over. Unaccounted, Spoiled to After Printing 19,17+ l+,290 Give More G. Total (sum of E & F—should equal net press run shown in A) 2,695,713 2,712,+66

tir.it ilic siaienienis by me above arc correct and complete. James F. O'Neil Christmas Seals I rcriifv made

4e THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1971 9 '

MAGNIFYING GLASSES "irSHOPPER

A Blessing For Folks Over 40 Read newspaper, telephone book, Bible and do close work easily. SEE CLEARER INSTANTLY. Not Rx or for astigmatism or eye diseases. 10 day trial. Sturdy, good-looking. Glass precision ground and polished; metal hinges. Send age, sex. SATISFACTION GUARANTEED. On arrival pay postman $4.95 plus C.O.D. GIANT GRAB BAG of over 100 unassorted or send only $4.95 and we pay postage. foreign stamps, plus catalog of stamp of- PRECISION OPTICAL CO., Dept.34-IVlRochelle, ill. 61068 fers in America. Offer made to get names for stamp mailing list. Send 10( with name & address to: Littleton Stamp Co., Dept. GB-12, Littleton, N.H. 03561 This IS a summer cottage. MORE BRILLIANT than DIAMONDS says Reader's Di- gest, SatEvePost about this new, man-made jewel Titania! For settings of your choice only $15 per carat; a 1-ct man's box 14K ring is only S44, m'lady's 1-ct fishtail a mere $36.00. OUR Your kid's 26TH YEAR! Write for FREE HANDY RING SIZE CHART & 120 PAGE FULL COLOR JEWELRY CATALOG. TEN OAY MONEY BACK GUARANTEE education. ^^^''^'InWyri Lapidary Company Dept. AL-12 LIGHT WEIGHT SHOWER shoes for the .311 EA.ST 12 STREET • NEW YORK 10009 N. Y. shower, pool, beach, etc. Made of white waterproof nylon net with a non-slip stretch edge & a non-sk-id Angel ite sole. Anoceeui ' Sizes: small, 4 to 5V2; medium, 6 to 7V2; & large, 8 to 91/2. Only $3.00 a pair ppd. SAVE YOUR voyage. Walter Drake AL70, Drake BIdg., Colorado Springs, Colo. 80901 HEART WITH... STAIR-GLIDE Rental-Purchase Plan Available Installs quickly • Will not mar Retirement. stairway • Tax deductible when recommended by phy- sician • Costs about 8c a wk. Pretty practical way to to operate • Guaranteed. look at something as Used by thousands: Cardiac Patients, Sr. Citizens, Post patriotic as U.S. Savings Operatives, Arthritics, and as a Wife-Saver. Bonds, right? Well, Write For Free Brochure there's nothing un-Amer- AMERICAN STAIR-GLIDE CORP. 201 W. ican about being practical. 80th Terr. Dept. AL12 Kansas City, Mo. 64114 j Which is exactly what you are when you put your PERFECT GIFT for your favorite Legion- savings into U.S. Savings naire. Handsome, decorator designed 4-oz STOP ERRORS with SCREW CHEK'R Bonds. decanter of after-shave lotion. Beautifully packaged green bottle with gold & blue CHECKS: And, if you like to save Legion emblem. Gift boxed. Only $4.50. SCREW Htj«;it Specify no. 76191. National Emblem Sales, Brothers MACHINE SCREWS time as well as money, P.O. Box 1055, Indianapolis, Ind. 46206. CHEK'R 'T^^^r WOOD SCREWS SCREWS Savings Bonds are surpris- II SHEET METAL ill • SELF-TAPPING SCREWS ingly easy to buy. Just Si- II m a • »• (Htri DRIVE SCREWS pick them up at your f u* a* Stf V, STANDARD RIVETS

1 St 0 S Ml bank, or join the Payroll «* 4ir IS !1 )^ Vim Savings Plan where you 1000 RETURN ADDRESS LABELS «r Mr m TELLS: )( J* 31* xt- ^«« .IH SIZE work. »...t>- » »# THREADS PER INCH So put your savings in i >°« J90 LENGTH 11* Jli Savings Bonds. You could DIAMETER »# «# m eventually end up with the USE YOUR TAP SERIES SIZE summer cottage and the "ZIP" CODE II Wi BODY DRILL college education and the RICH GOLD TRIM TAP DRILL SIZE ONLY CUTS SCREWS TO LENGTH ocean voyage and retire- FREE HANDY BOX $3.98 WHH SCREW SHEAR, SCREWS ment. And whatever Quick and easy way to put your name and STRAIGHTENS BENT return address on letters, checks, books, rec- THREADS else you want to save for. s^InstructIons and BATTERED etc. address Zip ords, ANY name, and code Screw Chek'r—3"x5" satin chromed steel up to 4 lines, beautifully printed in black on Screw Shear—V4"xV4"x4" tool ste el labels rich gold trim. 2" white gummed with RUELLE BROS., Box 114, Ferndale, Mich. 48220 long. Free decorative box for purse or desk. (Remittance attached) Set of 1000 labels just $1 postpaid. Money Send us Chek'rs lake stock in America back if not pleased. Don't know your Zip code? AL 1 Buy U.S. Savings Bonds We'll look it up for vou. Send for free catalog. (Name) (Street Address) li 1 334-C Drake Building Government :s not pay for this advertisement. «T The U.S. Walter Drake (City) (State) (Zip Code) )l is presented a$ a pu : service in cooperation with The Colorado Springs, Colo. 80901 ©1 Department of the Tr« iry and The Advertising Council.

the: AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1971 47 : —

TRUTH AND CONSEQUENCES

PARTING One advantage of being truthful: SHOTS you don't have to remember which lies go with which people. George A. Maverchak MORE THAN ONE'S A CROWD

Fragile snowflake on my sleeve, You're different all from others ; But I can gladly do without Your sisters and your brothers. Blanche A. Weaver CATARRH SOLO

When you've a bad cold in your nose, And nasal passages all close, And you try hard to blow but can't, Be glad you're not an elephant. G. Sterling Leiby CHURCH SONG

H> mn : Prax er shaped tone Shelby Friedman OF OSCARS AND EMMIES TV and film awards Are useful it would seem They offer stars a chance For letting off esteem! Bill Webb

THINK ABOUT IT "Mush!" When a man relies on his wife's memory,

Tri|.; AMKRK- W r.HOroN' MAGAZIN'F it's probabh- a poor one. Franklin P. Jones BONE OF CONTENTION GHOST OF CHRISTMAS NOW This cause you hail as "women's lib"

The ( hagrined rural minister had made an eloquent plea for generous Is really nothing but a rib; support of his pre-Christmas collection for the poor. After a quick once- And just to square the record, Madam. over of the collection plate, he cleared his throat, looked out over the The rib in question came from Adam. congregation and said: D. S. Halacy, Jr. "Will the real Ebenezer Scrooge please stand up ?" D. O. Flynn

CREATING GOOD WILL—AND PROFITS

A GI on a jetliner became engrossed in conversation with the man sitting next to him. The man said, "I believe that it's a man's duty to share any good fortune he may have with his wife. For instance, when he makes a little extra profit, he ought to buy her a nice new dress." "That sounds like a good idea," said the GI. "Are you a psychologist or something?" "No," came the reply. "I'm a dress manufacturer.*' Robert Rich

THE MAGIC WORDS

While walking along the avenue, Barton, whose married life was rather stormy, ran into an old friend whom he hadn't seen in some time. During the course of the conversation, the friend said "You know, I had words with my wife last week and she left me." Barton, still smarting from the latest run-in with his wife, appeared interested. "This Is oldest child. It's a boy.' "Say, old pal," he queried eagerly, "do you remember the words?" my F. G. Kernan THE AMERICAN '.KGION MARAZINI

48 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • DECEMBER 1971 BEAUTIFULLV GIFT-PACKAGED AT NO EXTRA COST.

SEAGRAM DISTILLERS CO., N.Y.C. BLENDED WHISKEY.

86 PROOF. 65 'i GRAIN NEUTRAL SPIRITS.

AMERICAN BLENDED WHISKEV

V"»J # * # # ^

>• rerm 15 BY JOSEPH t S£*'**"lS° ILW. RtLAIf. MO » IND . Give Seagram's and Be Sure.

Give tlie l>est ofAmerica, NO FRILLS. NOHVDS. NO GIMMKICS.

They're not for everybody.

20 mg. "tar;' 1.3 mg. nicotine av. per cigarette, FTC Report AUG.71.