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A Representation of the Beliefs, Experiences, and Ideals of a Group of Jewish People Who Believe in Jesus

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A Representation of the Beliefs, Experiences, and Ideals of a Group of Jewish People Who Believe in Jesus A Representation of the Beliefs, Experiences, and Ideals of a Group of Jewish People Who Believe in Jesus by Andrew Mark Barron A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Wycliffe College and the Toronto School of Theology In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Ministry awarded by Wycliffe College and the University of Toronto © Copyright by Andrew Mark Barron 2016 A Representation of the Beliefs, Experiences, and Ideals of a Group of Jewish People Who Believe in Jesus Andrew Mark Barron Doctor of Ministry Wycliffe College and the University of Toronto 2016 Abstract The purpose of this study is to survey the beliefs, experiences, and values of a group of Jews who believe in Jesus. These experiences will be seen in personal journeys and in relation to the friends, families, and communities of this group. Anthropological categories emerged in the research, which have given meaning to this experience in its modern social and cultural setting. Results show that these categories point to an association with what Paul calls the hardening of Israel (Romans 11). Paul understands this phenomenon as a warning (v25a), a mystery (v25b), partial (v25c), and temporary (v25d and v26a). My research attempts to understand hardening as a genuine and current experience, which I identify as part of what I call an Implied Social Contract (ISC). ii Dedication I first heard the term ‘Implied Social Contract’ from Moishe Rosen in 1983. It has engrossed me ever since. This research project is dedicated to Moishe. zikhrono livrakha. May his memory be a blessing. iii Acknowledgements My mother has always wanted to introduce me as “my son, the doctor.” I did not become the kind of doctor she wanted, but I want to recognize her aspirations for me and her devotion to me. I would like to express the deepest gratitude to my committee chair, Dr. Victor Shepherd, and my school advisor, Dr. Glen Taylor. Both have shown the attitude and the substance of servants: they constantly and cogently conveyed a spirit of pleasure and adventure in learning, research, and scholarship. Without their supervision and constant help, this dissertation would not have been possible. Many others provided valuable help along the way: Joe Schner, Daniel Driver, Stan Fowler, Mike Wood-Daly, David Brickner, Susan Perlman, Stephen Katz, Rich Robinson, Richard Harvey, John Milton, and the late Jhan Moscowitz. Bev Jamison was my statistician in the early stages of this project. Toby Weiss helped me design the initial survey. Enid Sue Kang has been my remarkable assistant for many years, and she helped me with design and graphics. Thank you to my TST cohorts and the TST administrator, Alison Hari-Singh. I am grateful to the ministry that I have worked for over the past 32 years. Serving with Jews for Jesus has given me the chance to be and to do things that I never thought possible. I am indebted to the Louis Goldberg Memorial Trust, from which I benefited. Thank you to the many people who shared their stories that formed the bedrock of this narrative. iv My family has been a source of encouragement and inspiration. Thank you to my faithful wife, Laura, and my astonishing and irresistible children, Rafael, Ketzia, and Simona. Toronto, Canada Fall 2015 v Contents Chapter 1: Introduction ..........................................................................................................1 1.1 Stories of Contrast ............................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Research Problem ................................................................................................................................................ 8 1.3 Thesis Statement and Outline ...................................................................................................................... 12 Chapter 2: Theology of Ministry and the Mission of Jews for Jesus ................................16 2.1 Working with Jews for Jesus and the Church ........................................................................................ 16 2.2 Missional Ministry: My “Go-and-Tell” Paradigm .................................................................................. 18 a. Go-and-Tell: The Scriptural Commission .............................................................................................. 18 b. Go-and-Tell: A Countercultural Model ................................................................................................... 19 c. Go-and-Tell: Embodying Vulnerability .................................................................................................. 22 d. Go-and-Tell: Located on the Margins ..................................................................................................... 27 e. Go and Tell: Resisting Ennui ....................................................................................................................... 30 2.3 The Story: What we Go-and-Tell................................................................................................................. 32 2.4 Implications of Theology of Ministry ........................................................................................................ 34 Chapter 3: Theoretical Framework ....................................................................................36 3.1 Biblical Theology: Hardening as a Missiological and Theological Category ............................. 36 a. Hardening: Romans 11 in the Biblical Narrative ............................................................................... 38 b. Hardening: Theological Interpretation of Romans 11 .................................................................... 43 3.2 Biblical Theology: Jewish Theological Reflection ................................................................................ 46 a. Joseph Klausner ............................................................................................................................................... 47 b. David Klinghoffer............................................................................................................................................ 47 c. David Novak & Dabru Emet ........................................................................................................................ 48 3.3 Implied Social Contract................................................................................................................................... 49 a. Worldview and Culture ................................................................................................................................ 50 ii. Social Contract Theory ................................................................................................................................. 52 c. Survey of Jewish History After Christ: The Family Fight ................................................................ 54 d. Historical Overview: The Church’s Missiological Hardening. ...................................................... 59 v. Jewish Culture in the 20th Century........................................................................................................... 66 vi. ISC as Mechanism of Self-Preservation and Survival ..................................................................... 72 3.3 Conclusion and Analysis: The Missiological Importance of ISC ..................................................... 75 Chapter 4: Research Study (Action-in-Ministry) ...............................................................78 4.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................ 78 4.2 Research Methodology ................................................................................................................................... 79 a. Methodology: Hermeneutic Phenomenology ..................................................................................... 79 b. Methodology: Assumptions and Expectations ................................................................................... 80 c. Limitations of the Study ............................................................................................................................... 82 d. Research Design and Preliminary Analysis ......................................................................................... 83 e. Analysis of Data ............................................................................................................................................... 88 4.3 Results of Group 1&2 ....................................................................................................................................... 90 4.4 Results of Group 3 Interviews ..................................................................................................................... 95 a. Language ............................................................................................................................................................ 96 b. Family .................................................................................................................................................................. 98 c. Prestige/Honour ............................................................................................................................................. 99 d. Honour ............................................................................................................................................................
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