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This Work Is Licensed Under a Creative Commons Attribution- Sharealike 4.0 International License NIGERIA-ISRAEL RELATIONS 1960-2015 AJAO ISRAEL BABATUNDE (MATRIC NO.: RUN/HIR/15/6203) 2017 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution- ShareAlike 4.0 International License. NIGERIA-ISRAEL RELATIONS 1960-2015 A dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Award of the Degree of Master of Arts in History and International Studies of Redeemer’s University, Ede AJAO Israel Babatunde (Matric No.: RUN/HIR/15/6203) 2017 Department of History and International Studies College of Humanities REDEEMER’S UNIVERSITY DECLARATION FORM FOR THE REPRODUCTION OF RESEARCH WORK NAME IN FULL – AJAO ISRAEL BABATUNDE TITLE OF DISSERTATION – NIGERIA-ISRAEL RELATIONS 1960-2015 DEGREE FOR WHICH RESEARCH WORK IS PRESENTED - Master of Arts in History and International Studies DATE OF AWARD – DECLARATION 1. I recognise that my dissertation will be made available for public reference and inter-library loan. 2. I authorise the Redeemer’s University to reproduce copies of my dissertation for the purposes of public reference, preservation and inter-library loan. 3. I understand that before any person is permitted to read, borrow or copy any part of my work, that person will be required to sign the following declaration: “I recognise that the copyright in the above mentioned dissertation rests with the author. I understand that copying the work may constitute an infringement of the author’s rights unless done with the written consent of the author or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright Act which expressly permits copying without the author’s consent. I further understand that no information derived from this work may be published without acknowledgement” 4. I warrant that this authorisation does not, to the best of my belief, infringe the right of any third party. 5. I understand that in the event of my dissertation being rejected by the Examiners, this declaration would become void. iii This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. DATE ______________ SIGNATURE OF CANDIDATE _________________________ Nigeria-Israel Relations 1960-2015 Ajao Israel Babatunde ABSTRACT The research details the relations between Nigeria and Israel from 1960 to 2015 from an historical context. Bilateral relations is an indispensable and strategic collaboration between two states. To achieve this objective, the study adopts the Wendt’s constructivism theory and also the historical method which are descriptive and analytical. The primary sources for the study are interviews, while secondary sources are based on bibliographic searches from government publications, books, journal articles and seminar papers to analyze the relationship between Nigeria and Israel in the period covered. Overall, this study will provide useful information for policy-makers and scholars like: diplomatic historians, political scientists, economists and international relations experts, as well as, the dissertation of students researching on Nigeria- Israel relations. The study has shown that the factors that marred Nigeria and Israel relationship in its first three decades are fading away. This created a bilateral environment where strategic engagements can be reached. The study also revealed that the two main economic agreements between the two countries are geared towards boosting their trade and commercial relations. Although, Nigeria recorded trade deficits, the technical assistance from Israel helps to improve the quality of Nigeria’s labour force. The study concludes that given the potentials of Israel’s technical advancement and economic activities, the bilateral relations holds positive prospects for diversifying and integrating the Nigerian economy especially in the area of small scale enterprises. Keywords: Bilateral diplomacy, diplomatic history, foreign policy, strategic engagement Word Count: 228 words iv This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT My sincere appreciation goes to my caring mentor and supervisor, Dr. Olumide Ekanade whose stream of knowledge I have drank from in the course of this academic journey and for his painstaking effort in making this thesis a success. I pray that God, the source of knowledge and infinite wisdom equip you with knowledge and wisdom needed to reach the peak of your academic career. To the Head of Department, Dr. Oluwatoyin Oluwaniyi, I say a big thank to you ma for your care and support and I pray that God bless you. Also, I sincerely appreciate Dr. Benjamin Anaemene for his thoughtful insight and advice which positively impacted this thesis. I pray for God’s favour for you and your family. My esteem appreciation goes to Emeritus Professor Akinjide Osuntokun for his wealth of experience and mentorship during the course of this academic journey. Thank you very much Prof. and may God continue to bless you and your family. I sincerely appreciate all the lecturers and members of staff of the Department of History & International Studies for you guidance, support and words of encouragement. Your impact will never be forgotten! You are all wonderful. It is my prayer that God continue to bless you and your families. v This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. I must also appreciate all my colleagues in the College of Postgraduate Studies and my friends whose criticisms, advice and encouragement positively impacted on this work. God bless you all. DEDICATION This work is dedicated to God Almighty, the Source of wisdom and knowledge, and also to my dear parents, Engr. Olusola Ajao and Mrs. Nihinlola Ajao. vi This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. CERTIFICATION REDEEMER’S UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES NAME OF CANDIDATE: AJAO Israel Babatunde MATRIC NO.: RUN/HIR/15/6203 COLLEGE: Humanities DEPARTMENT: History and International Studies TITLE OF DISSERTATION : Nigeria-Israel Relations 1960-2015 I certify that 1. The approved dissertation layout and other guidelines have been followed. 2. The information on the title page is consistent with the standard format approved by the University. 3. An abstract has been included in the dissertation and is satisfactory. vii This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. 4. All references follow an accepted style which is used consistently. 5. The declaration form permitting the reproduction of the dissertation has been signed by the candidate and provided for binding. 6. I certify that the above dissertation is acceptable/not acceptable in its present form. _____________________________ ________________________ Name & Date Signature CAMPUS EDITOR APPROVAL I hereby confirm that this dissertation titled: Nigeria-Israel Relations 1960-2015 was carried out and written by: Name of Student: AJAO Israel Babatunde Matriculation Number: RUN/HIR/15/6203 under my supervision. viii This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Main Advisor: Dr. Olumide Ekanade Signature & Date Approved by: Department of Student: Name of HOD: Dr. Oluwatoyin Oluwaniyi Signature & Date External Examiner: Prof. Ibikunle H. Tijani Signature & Date Dean, CPGS: Prof G.A. Kolawole Signature & Date LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Trade between Nigeria and Israel 1990-2007 Table 2: Prominent Israeli firms operating in Nigeria Table 3: Israeli-sponsored training programmes and technical assistance for Nigeria 1990-2007 Table 4: Transfers of major weapons by Israel to Nigeria 2006-2010 ix This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. TABLE OF CONTENTS Cover page i Title page ii Declaration iii Abstract iv Acknowledgement v Dedication vi x This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Certification vii Approval viii List of Tables ix CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION Background to the Study 1 Statement of Problem 6 Research Questions 7 Aims and Objectives 7 Significance of the Study 8 Scope of the Study 8 Research Methodology 9 Literature Review 10 Theoretical Framework 21 CHAPTER TWO: HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE OF NIGERIA AND ISRAEL FOREIGN POLICY Introduction 23 Historical Development of Nigeria’s Foreign Policy 23 Objectives and Principles of Nigeria’s Foreign Policy 24 Objectives and Principles of Israel’s Foreign Policy 53 CHAPTER THREE: NIGERIA-ISRAEL POLITICAL RELATIONS Nigeria-Israel Relations: The International Circle 59 Nigeria-Israel Relations: The Arab World Circle 64 Nigeria-Israel Relations: The African Circle 65 xi This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Nigeria-Israel Relations: The Bilateral Circle 67 The Politics Of Restoration Of Diplomatic Relations With Israel 72 Critique of Severance of Relationship with Israel and Middle East Crisis 82 Military Aid 83 CHAPTER FOUR: NIGERIA-ISRAEL ECONOMIC RELATIONS Nigeria-Israel Bilateral Trade 86 Nigeria-Israel Bilateral Economic Activities 91 Evaluating the Impacts of the Bilateral Relations on Trade, Aid and Investment 93 Agriculture 104 CHAPTER FIVE: NIGERIA-ISRAEL SOCIO-CULTURAL RELATIONS Introduction 114 Religion and Tourism 114 Cultural Affiliations 118 Summary/Conclusion 120 Bibliography 123 Appendix 130 CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION Background to the Study xii This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Nigeria had
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