A Field Guide to the Cretaceous and Cenozoic Fossil Decapod Crustacean Localities of Jamaica

A field guide to the Cretaceous and Cenozoic fossil decapod crustacean localities of Jamaica

Stephen K. Donovan *

Department of Geology, Nederlands Centrum voor Biodiversiteit – Naturalis, Postbus 9517, NL-2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands *Corresponding author; [email protected]

A BSTRACT.— Jamaica has a rich invertebrate fossil record. The principal localities for fossil decapod crustaceans are Upper Cretaceous (two sites), Paleocene (one site), Eocene (four sites), Miocene (one site), Pliocene (one site) and Pleistocene (six sites); there are no Oligocene localities. Few taxa and specimens are known from the Upper Cretaceous and Paleogene, but this is interpreted, in part, as collection failure. Neogene localities have produced much more diverse faunas, but the only site to yield moderately common and diverse carapace remains is Lower Miocene.

K EYWORDS. — Jamaica , Decapoda , fossil crabs , Cretaceous , Cenozoic , stratigraphy.

Introduction papers, GPS readings, and inclusion of (or Of all the Antillean islands, none has a reference to) detailed locality maps. fossil record that is so celebrated and well The purpose of the present communica- known as that of Jamaica (Wright and tion is to provide a guide to the fossil locali- Robinson, 1993), and no other island has ties in Jamaica that have produced decapod yielded fossil decapod crustaceans from crustaceans. As such, it will be an essen- such a broad stratigraphic range and from tial guide to any collectors without previ- so many localities. Two periods of activ- ous experience of the Jamaican rock record ity can be recognized during which fossil and will provide an accessible survey of decapod crustaceans have been collected what is known currently. Locality maps are from Jamaica. In the 1920s, two collectors, provided, where possible, for the Upper Drs D. Woolacott and, principally, Charles Cretaceous and Eocene localities of Woolacott T. Trechmann collected specimens from the and Trechmann as documented by Withers Upper Cretaceous and Paleogene which (1922, 1924, 1927), as well as for sites discov- were described by Thomas H. Withers of ered more recently; data available for the the British Museum (Natural History). All latter is invariably more precise. Only sites were published with locality and strati- that have yielded indeterminate remains or graphic information, but without locality taxa without adequate site data are not con- maps. Since the late 1980s, fieldwork has sidered herein (for example, Morris, 1993, largely concentrated on the Neogene of the p. 120, 123). See Donovan et al. (2003) and island. The first new paper on Jamaican fos- Collins et al. (2009c) for stratigraphic sur- sil decapods, published over 65 years after veys of the Jamaican fossil decapods. the last paper on the subject by Withers, Grid references used herein refer to was by Morris (1993), who described spec- the 1:50,000 topographic (metric edition) imens supplied by the present author, but maps, which can be obtained from Edward subsequent descriptions have been made Stanford Ltd., 12/14 Long Acres, London, by four principal collectors and their associ- WC2E 9LP, England. 1:50,000 geological ates, namely Joe Collins, Roger Portell, the maps (provisional series) may be obtained late Hal Dixon and Donovan. These were from the Geological Survey Depart ment, published with grid references and, in later Hope Gardens, Kingston 6, Jamaica. Of the 39 40 S. K. DONOVAN many guides to Jamaican geology available, confusion. Figure 1 illustrates the distribu- Robinson (1994) provides a reasonably up- tion of parishes within Jamaica, where par- to-date account, which can be supplemented ishes are analogous to American states or by the specialist references referred to herein. British counties. Figure 2 shows the distribu- For a map of the Cretaceous inliers, see tion of decapod-bearing localities within the Donovan and Bowen (1989, text-fig. 1). island and can easily be used in conjunction Two general maps of Jamaica are pro- with Figure 1 . The stratigraphic position of vided, separating geographic data to avoid the each locality in Figure 2 is indicated by

Fig. 1. Modern parish map of Jamaica (redrawn after Higman, 1988, fig. 1.2). These parishes are further grouped together as three counties, Middlesex (including the parishes of Manchester, St Ann, Clarendon, St Catherine and St Mary) in the center of the island, Cornwall to the west and Surrey in the east. Coastline stippled.

Fig. 2. Locality map. Outline map of Jamaica with parish boundaries (dashed lines; compare with Fig. 1) and decapod crustacean localities ( ). Locality numbers explained in text. Scale and orientation identical to Figure 1. JAMAICAN FOSSIL DECAPOD CRUSTACEAN LOCALITIES 41 the prefix (see below), for example, Eo1 is Eocene Locality 1.

Materials and Methods The data used in the present study is, at worst, still reasonably good. The four localities referred to by Withers - two Cretaceous (K1 and K2) and two Eocene (Eo1 and Eo2) - were published with sufficient information to define the general area from which specimens were collected (Fig. 2). All are inland exposures, which in Jamaica suggests that road cuts, railroad cuttings, hillsides and river exposures are the most likely sites for collecting. However, all of the specimens described by Withers were provided by other collectors; locality maps and measured sections were not published with the descriptions, presumably because they weren’t available. More recent collections (all other localities discussed herein) were made with reference to modern topographic maps and, in some instances, measured sections; global positioning systems (GPS) have been used to confirm some locality data.

Results Cretaceous – Locality K1 Locality.— “From grey calcareous shale in the bed of the Río Minho a little to the west of Trout Hall, Chapelton, [parish of Fig. 3. Outline maps of principal localities for Upper Clarendon, central] Jamaica. The shale is Cretaceous decapod crustaceans of Jamaica. (A) Area several feet thick, and one band of it, about of Locality K1. About 1 km west of the Trout Hall road junction, the main road to Frankfield (B4) permits easy 3 feet [c. 0.9 m] in thickness, is crowded access to the bed of the Río Minho (Mitchell, 2002). with Rudistae [=the extinct rudist bivalves], (B) Area of Locality K2. Trechmann (1922, fig. 3 ) showed forming a Rudist-bank. The crab remains the section on the railway to be Yellow Lime stone Group were obtained from this bank” (Woolacott (Eocene) near Cambridge and Cretaceous towards in Withers, 1922, p. 535). This part of the Catadupa. Key: solid lines = principal roads; trellised Río Minho ( Figs 2 , 3A ) in the Central Inlier lines = disused railways; stippled lines = main rivers. is well known for its rich fossil remains, The north arrow and scale bar apply to both maps. including rudists, scleractinian corals, act- aeonellid gastropods and oysters (Woolacott includes both carapaces and chelae. Withers in Withers, 1922, p. 535-536). Presumably, (1924, p. 91) and Morris (1993, p. 120) also Woolacott’s site was close to stop 3 of recorded this species from the same for- Mitchell (2002). mation at Logie Green, 8 km west of Trout Horizon. — Guinea Corn Formation, Central Hall, parish of Clarendon, and in the river Inlier. Upper Cretaceous, upper Campanian valley below Catadupa, parish of St James (?) to lower Maastrichtian (Robinson, 1994, (Fig. 3B, west of the railway), presumably fig. 6.4; Mitchell 2003, p. 613-614). close to K2. The imprecision of this locality Decapod fauna.— Type locality of Carci- data would make relocation of these hori- neretes woolacotti Withers, 1922; type mater ial zons difficult, at best. 42 S. K. DONOVAN

Cretaceous – Locality K2 Locality.— “. . . shales with Roudaireia , Trigonia, etc., about 40 feet [c. 12 m] below Rudist Limestone; railway line between Cambridge and Catadupa, Great River Valley, [parish of St James,] West Central Jamaica” (Withers, 1927, p. 178) (Figs 2, 3B ). Trechmann (1922, fig. 3) published a section along this railroad (now disused); see also Trechmann (1927, p. 28-29). Horizon.— Veniella Shale (Morris, 1993, p. 120), Marchmont Inlier. Upper Cretaceous, Maastrichtian (Chubb in Zans et al., 1963, p. 13). Decapod fauna.— Type locality of Creta- coranina trechmanni (Withers, 1927); the unique holotype is a carapace retaining some limb fragments.

Paleocene – Locality Pa1 Locality.— Fellowship, parish of Portland, northeast Jamaica (approximate NGR 071 651; new 1:50,000 (metric edition) topographic sheet 14, ‘Port Antonio’) ( Figs 2 , 4 ). Steep cliffs immediately upstream of the Fig. 4. Outline map of the Fellowship area, south of bridge. Body fossils are concentrated in thin Port Antonio, parish of Portland, showing the position of Locality Pa1 (*) on the banks of the Río Grande shell lags on the soles of turbidite sand- (slightly modified after Donovan et al., 1990, fig. 3 ). stones and are best seen in fallen slabs. See Look for macrofossils on the soles of sandstone beds in Donovan et al. (1990, pp. 56-57). the float, where they are preserved as shell lags. This Horizon.— Richmond Formation, ‘Moore fauna remains undescribed apart from decapods Town shales’ of Jiang and Robinson (1987, (Collins and Donovan, 2007) and echinoids (Donovan p. 42-44). Lower Paleocene, Danian (NP1). and Veltkamp, 1992). Decapod fauna.— Trechmannius circularis Collins and Donovan, 2007. Only known Chapelton Formation, Yellow Limestone from the holotype, a carapace. Group. Upper Lower to lower Middle Eocene (Robinson, 1994, fig. 6.5). The giant Eocene – Locality Eo1 cerith referred to by Withers is almost certainly Campanile trevorjacksoni Portell Locality.— “Spring Mount, [parish of and Donovan, 2008. St James,] 6 miles S. E. of Montego Bay, Decapod fauna.— Type locality of ‘Callian- [western] Jamaica” (Withers, 1924, p. 84) assa ’ trechmanni Withers, 1924, and ‘Callian- ( Figs 2 , 5A ). Trechmann (1923, p. 341) assa ’ subplana Withers, 1924, both known referred to Spring Mount as “The best fos- only from chelae. Limb fragments of Xant- sil collecting locality I met with is that near hilites ? rathbunae Withers, 1924, and Varuna ? Spring Mount on the mountain slope . . .” A sp. are also known from this site. measured section identified a “Yellow argillaceous nodular limestone, numerous fos- Eocene – Locality Eo2 sils” that is 40 feet [c. 12 m] in thickness and the only bed to yield crab claws. Locality.— “Glasgow, [parish of West- Horizon.— “Eocene, Lutetian[?], Yellow moreland,] about 8 miles S. of Lucea, [west- Limestone (Cerithium giganteum and Velates ern] Jamaica” (Withers, 1924, p. 86) ( Figs 2 , schmiedeliana bed)” (Withers, 1924, p. 84). 5B ). Trechmann (1923, p. 343) noted crab JAMAICAN FOSSIL DECAPOD CRUSTACEAN LOCALITIES 43

claws from a “Yellow nodular argillaceous limestone” of 40 feet [c. 12 m] thickness at the bottom of his measured section. See Donovan (2010). Horizon.— “Eocene, Lutetian[?], Yellow Limestone (Cerithium giganteum and Velates schmiedeliana bed)” (Withers, 1924, p. 86). Yellow Limestone Group. Upper Lower to lower Middle Eocene (Robinson, 1994, fig. 6.5). Glasgow is close to the border with the parish of Hanover to the north and the outcrop of the Yellow Limestone Group is in this border region (McFarlane, 1977). Decapod fauna.— Type locality of ‘Callian- assa ’ gigantea Withers, 1924, Callinectes jamaicensis Withers, 1924, both preserved as chelae, and carapace material of Xanthilites ? rathbunae Withers, 1924. Hepatiscus bartho- lomaeensis (Rathbun, 1919) is also known from this site (Morris, 1993, p. 122).

Eocene – Locality Eo3 Locality.— Pimento Hill, Beecher Town, parish of St Ann (NGR 378 904; 1:50,000 new series (metric edition), sheet 4, “St Ann’s Bay-Ocho Rios”). Although previously mapped as the Miocene Montpelier For- mation (Henry and McFarlane 1978), the echinoid fauna indicates an undoubted Eocene age (Donovan et al., 1989) ( Figs 2 , 6 ). Collecting from the soil and from dry stone walls on the hillside of Pimento Hill was encouraged by the former owner, the late Mr. W. F. Schickler; visitors should seek per- mission to enter the grounds from the pres- Fig. 5. (A) Area around Spring Mount, parish of ent owner. St James (Locality Eo1). This area is mountainous Horizon.— Swanswick Formation, White without major rivers, but with minor streams and their Limestone Group. Upper Middle to lower valleys. The Chapelton Formation, Yellow Limestone Upper Eocene (Mitchell, 2004, fig. 8); this Group, outcrops in the more western third of the map locality is considered upper Middle Eocene (McFarlane 1977). (B) Area around Glasgow, parish of (R. M. Wright in Donovan and Gordon, Westmoreland (Locality Eo2). Chapelton Formation, Yellow Limestone Group, exposed to the north and 1989, p. 53). west of Glasgow (McFarlane, 1977). (C) Area around Decapod fauna.— “Callianassa ” sp. of Collins Port Antonio, parish of Portland (Locality Eo4). Crab and Donovan (2007) (left fixed finger), and Point is marked on the 1:50,000 topographic map; it is a second, indeterminate and very incom- presumed that Trechmann’s Crab Hill is above it. Key: plete taxon (Morris, 1993, p. 123). solid lines = principal roads; trellised lines = disused railways; coastline stippled. The north arrow and scale Eocene - Locality Eo4 bar apply to all maps. Locality.— Crab Hill, Port Antonio, parish of Portland, northeastern Jamaica. This is presumed to be the hill above Crab Point, 44 S. K. DONOVAN

Fig. 6. Geological map of the Beecher Town area, parish of St Ann (modified after Donovan et al., 1989, fig. 1 ; redrawn after Henry and McFarlane, 1978). The Eocene fossil locality (*) is Eo3. It was incorrectly mapped as Miocene Montpelier Formation; it is undoubtedly Eocene Swanswick Formation, based on several lines of evidence (Donovan and Gordon, 1989). There is no rock outcrop per se, but fossils weather out in the soil. to the west of the town (approximate White Limestone Group (ex-Browns Town NGR 063 705; Jamaica 1:50,000 (metric edi- Formation; Mitchell, 2004) of the area tion) topographic sheet 14, ‘Port Antonio) around Browns Town, parish of St Ann, ( Figs 2 , 5C ). north central Jamaica, yielded fossil remains Horizon. —McFarlane (1977) showed the of many groups hitherto unknown from the limestones in this area to belong to the Oligocene of the island. This list included Gibraltar – Bonny Gate Formation of the White ophiuroids, asteroids, a comatulid crinoid, a Limestone Group, that is, part of the Mont- bryozoan and a sirenian (Dixon et al., 1994, pelier Formation as revised by Mitchell (2004, 1999). Decapods are known from broadly p. 27). Upper Middle or Upper Eocene. similar limestone lithofacies elsewhere in Decapod fauna.— Type locality of Ocalina the Antilles, particularly from the Upper haldixoni Collins and Donovan, 2007. Only Oligocene Antigua Formation of Antigua known from the holotype, a carapace. (Collins and Donovan, 1995, 2002), so their absence in Jamaica is not easily explained. Oligocene Remarks.— The Jamaican Oligocene has, Miocene surprisingly, failed to yield remains of Locality Mi1 decapods or, indeed, any fossil crustaceans. Surprisingly, because the M.Sc. Locality. —Informally named Duncans research of the late Hal Dixon in the early Quarry, about midway between the towns of to mid 1990s on the Upper Oligocene Duncans and Falmouth, parish of Trelawny, JAMAICAN FOSSIL DECAPOD CRUSTACEAN LOCALITIES 45 north central Jamaica (approximate NGR occidentalis Portell and Collins, 2004; Lepto- 887 020; new 1:50,000 (metric edition) topo- dius granulatus Portell and Collins, 2004. graphic sheet 3, ‘Falmouth-Browns Town’) (Figs 2, 7 ). This site is now greatly reduced in Pliocene area because of encroachment of the main A1 Locality Pl1 north coast road as part of the Highway 2000 Project. Well preserved body fossils, includ- Locality.— On the minor road to the dis- ing echinoids (Donovan et al., 2005), nau- used Bowden Wharf, east side of Port tiloids (Portell et al., 2004) and carapaces of Morant Harbour, parish of St Thomas, decapod crustaceans, are best seen in fallen southeast Jamaica (Donovan and Pickerill, slabs of reefal limestone preserved as slide 1998). The Bowden shell bed is (generally blocks within deeper water chalks and lime- poorly) exposed on the inland side of the stones (Portell and Collins, 2004, p. 111). road just before the junction with the road Horizon.— Montpelier Formation, White to Old Pera, marked by the disused shop Limestone Group (Mitchell, 2004). Lower on the seaward side (NGR 225 377; new Miocene. 1:50,000 (metric edition) topographic sheet Decapod fauna.— (After Portell and 19, ‘Morant Bay’) ( Figs 2 , 8 ). Collins, 2004; specimens preserved as mol- Horizon.— Bowden shell bed, Bowden dic carapaces.) Kromtitis spinulata Portell Formation, Lower Coastal Group (Pickerill and Collins, 2004; Dynomene variabilis et al., 1998). Upper Pliocene. Portell and Collins, 2004; Duncania jamai- Decapod fauna.— (After Collins and censis Portell and Collins, 2004; Teleophrys Portell, 1998; one correction after Collins acornis Portell and Collins, 2004; Mithrax et al., 2009c; mainly limb fragments.) dono vani Portell and Collins, 2004; Mithrax ‘ Callianassa ’ sp.; Ctenocheles sp.; Petrochirus unguis Portell and Collins, 2004; Daira vul- sp. cf. bahamensis (Herbst, 1791); Paguristes garis Portell and Collins, 2004; Pseudo- sp.; Calappa sp. aff. C. springeri Rathbun, achelous schindleri Portell and Collins, 2004; 1931; Hepatus sp.; Persephona sp. aff. P. punc- Lophopano peus corallinus Portell and Collins, tata punctata (Linnaeus, 1758); aff. Hyas sp.; 2004; Lophopanopeus toomeyorum Portell Mithrax sp.; Pitho sp.; aff. Chlorilia sp.; aff. and Collins, 2004; Micropanope pulcher- Rochinia sp.; Platylambrus sp.; Mesorhoea aff. rima Portell and Collins, 2004; Panopeus sexspinosa Stimpson, 1871; aff. Cancer sp.; nanus Portell and Collins, 2004; Trapezia Callinectes aff. sapidus Rathbun, 1896; aff. prisca Portell and Collins, 2004; Actaeops Ovalipes sp.; Portunus sp.; Tetraxanthus sp.; frontalis Portell and Collins, 2004; Chlorodiella Eurytium aff. limosum (Say, 1818); Eriphia

Fig. 7. Outline map of the Duncans to Falmouth area, parish of Trelawny, coast of north central Jamaica (after Donovan, 1995, fig. 1.2). Key: filled circle = Miocene chalk quarry (Locality Mi1); coast stippled; solid lines = main roads. Access is easy from the main north coast road. Collect from allochthonous boulders of coral-rich rock. 46 S. K. DONOVAN

Fig. 8. Simplified geological map of the eastern coast of Port Morant Harbour, parish of St Thomas, southeast Jamaica (modified after Donovan and Pickerill, 1998, fig. 1 ). Key to localities: Pl1 = Bowden shell bed; Qu1 = Old Pera beds; Qu3 = Port Morant Formation. Locality Pl1, located shortly before the road junction, tends to be over- grown, but highly fossiliferous cobbles at the roadside will indicate the correct position; collect by bulk sampling. For Qu1, take the track to the coast and turn northwards, collecting from the cliff face. Qu3 is a rapidly eroding site and specimens can be collected by hand or with the aid of a small chisel or knife. sp.; Eurypanopeus sp.; Micropanope sp. aff. Pleistocene M. nuttingi (Rathbun, 1898); Micropanope Locality Qu1 sp. aff. M. spinipes A. Milne-Edwards, 1880; Neopanope sp.; Panopeus sp. aff. P. herbstii Locality.— The holotype of Euphylax fortis- H. Milne Edwards, 1834; Pilumnus sp. aff. pinosus Collins et al., 2001, came from the P. pannosus Rathbun, 1896; Pilumnus sp. aff. top 2 m of unit 0 of Donovan et al. (1994, P. spinossimus Rathbun, 1898. fig. 2 ) (NGR 601 766; new 1:50,000 (metric Remarks.— The fauna consists almost edition) topographic sheet 19, ‘Morant Bay’) entirely of dactyli and fixed fingers, hence (Figs 2, 8 ). This forms part of the coastal all taxa are imperfectly known and left in exposure to the north of the track down to open nomenclature. This locality has also the beach. yielded one stomatopod and three species Horizon.— Old Pera beds, Manchioneal of barnacle (Collins and Portell, 1998). Formation, Upper Coastal Group (Robinson, The coeval Hopegate Formation, a well 1967). Lower Pleistocene. The Old Pera beds lithified raised reef exposed near the coast are a siliciclastic unit deposited under storm in north central Jamaica, has yielded a deca- conditions. pod fauna that is awaiting description by Decapod fauna.— Euphylax fortispinosus R. W. Portell (Collins et al., 2009c). Collins et al., 2001. Only known from JAMAICAN FOSSIL DECAPOD CRUSTACEAN LOCALITIES 47 the holotype, a half carapace preserving imperfectly known and left in open nomen- attached appendages. clature. Attempts to find a fauna of special- ized coral-inhabiting species in the raised Locality Qu2 reef of the Pleistocene Falmouth Formation Locality.— East side of Rio Bueno Harbour, at east Río Bueno Harbour have been unsuc- parish of St Ann (NGR 023 023; new 1:50,000 cessful (Donovan and Collins, 1997). (metric edition) topographic sheet 3, Locality Qu3 ‘Falmouth-Browns Town’) ( Figs 2 , 9 ). This site exposes a friable raised reef lithofacies Locality.— Southeast side of Port Morant that is easily collected by bulk sampling Harbour, south of Old Pera, parish of and rests unconformably on the well lith- St Thomas, southeast Jamaica (NGR 221 ified Hopegate Formation. 354 to 222 354; new 1:50,000 (metric edi- Horizon.— Falmouth Formation, Upper tion) topographic sheet 19, ‘Morant Bay’) Coastal Group (Donovan and Gordon, ( Figs 2 , 8 ). Fossil crustaceans (decapods 1989). Upper Pleistocene. and barnacles) are found in pebble con- Decapod fauna.— (After Morris, 1993; che- glomerates and shell-rich horizons in unit lae and rare carapaces.) ‘Callianassa ’ sp.; 10 of Donovan et al. (1994, fig. 2 ). Petrochirus sp.; Petrolisthes sp.; Albunea sp.; Horizon.— Port Morant Formation, Upper Calappa sp. cf. C. gallus (Herbst, 1803); Coastal Group. Upper Pleistocene. Mitchell Uhlias sp. cf. U. limbatus Stimpson, 1871; et al. (2000) obtained electron spin reso- Mithraculus sp. cf. M. forceps A. Milne- nance measurements from corals in the Edwards, 1875; Mithrax sp. cf. M. carib- Port Morant Formation at this site that indi- baeus Rathbun, 1920; Mithrax spinosissimus cate deposition was during latest Oxygen Lamarck, 1818; Pachygrapsus sp.; Uca sp.; Isotope Stage 6 to, probably, earliest Oxygen Eurypanopeus abbreviatus (Stimpson, 1860); Isotope Stage 5e, that is, last interglacial. Micropanope sp. cf. M. polita Rathbun, 1893; Decapod fauna.— (After Collins et al., 1997; Micropanope sp. cf. M. spinipes A. Milne- Collins and Donovan, 1998; chelae and rare Edwards, 1880; Panopeus herbstii H. Milne carapaces.) Neocallichirus peraensis Collins et Edwards, 1834; Phymodius sp. cf. P. macula- al., 1997; Glypturus acanthochirus Stimpson, tus (Stimpson, 1860). 1866; Petrochirus bahamensis (Herbst, 1791); Remarks.— The fauna consists mainly of Raninoides louisianensis Rathbun, 1933; dactyli and fixed fingers, hence most taxa are Calappa springeri Rathbun, 1931; Hepatus

Fig. 9. Locality Qu2 in the Upper Pleistocene Falmouth Formation at east Río Bueno Harbour, parish of St Ann, north central Jamaica (slightly modified after Donovan and Gordon, 1989, fig. 1B ). Drive west on the main north coast highway from Discovery Bay. Shortly before the headland on the east side of Río Bueno Harbour, turn right and then keep bearing left. Park at the end of the road which fronts a short row of cottages. Walk through the trees along the cliff top and descend by the path to the beach (Donovan et al., 1995, p. 16). The cliffs are abundantly fossiliferous; collect by bulk sampling of the poorly lithified interstitial sediment within the coral framework. 48 S. K. DONOVAN

praecox Collins et al., 1997; Persephona punc- edition. See Collins et al. (2009a) for more tata punctata (Linné, 1758); Mithrax his- detail of individual sites on this coast. pidus (Herbst, 1790); Mithrax verrucosus Horizon.— Upper Pleistocene Port Morant H. Milne Edwards, 1832; Pitho anisodon (von Formation (last interglacial), Upper Coastal Martèns, 1872); Callinectes sp. cf. C. toxodes Group. Ordway, 1863; Eurypanopeus sp. cf. E. depres- Decapod fauna.— (After Collins et al., 2009a; sus (Smith, 1869); Eurytium sp. cf. E. limo- chelae and rare carapaces.) Lepidophthal- sum (Say, 1818); Eriphia gonagra xaymacaensis musjamaicense ? (Schmitt, 1935); Neocallichirus Collins and Donovan, 1998; Hexapanopeus peraensis Collins et al., 1997; Petrochirus sp. cf. H. caribbaeus (Stimpson, 1871); bahamensis (Herbst, 1791); Paguristes sp. cf. Nanoplax sp. cf. N. xanthiformis (A. Milne- P. lymanni A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier, Edwards, 1880); Panopeus sp. cf. P. herbstii 1893; Hepatus praecox Collins et al., 1997; H. Milne Edwards, 1834; Panopeus rugosus Persephona sp.; Mithrax acuticornis Stimpson, A. Milne-Edwards, 1880; Pilumnus sp. cf. 1870; Mithrax verrucosus H. Milne Edwards, P. sayi Rathbun, 1897; Mithrax sp.; Carpilius 1832; Mithraculus forceps A. Milne-Edwards, corallinus Herbst, 1783; Cardisoma guanhumi 1875; aff. Hyas sp.; Portunus vocans Latreille, 1825. (A. Milne-Edwards, 1878); Achelous sebae (H. Milne Edwards 1834); Actaea sp. cf. Locality Qu4 A. bifrons Rathbun, 1898; Actaea acantha Locality.— Coastal section on the south- (H. Milne Edwards, 1834); Micropanope west side of Port Morant Bay, parish of sp. aff. M. truncatiformis Rathbun, 1898; St Thomas, southeast Jamaica (Figs 2, 10 ), Carpilius corallinus Herbst, 1783. approximately between grid references 588 763 and 587 765, Jamaican 1:50,000 topo- Locality Qu5 graphic sheet 19 “Morant Bay”, metric (new) Locality.— North side of bay at Christmas River, parish of Portland, eastern Jamaica (NGR 257 565; new 1:50,000 (metric edition) topographic sheet 14, ‘Port Antonio’) ( Figs 2 , 11 ). Horizon.— Lithified, lateritic fissure fill in Lower Pleistocene limestones (Manchioneal Formation). Probably less than 100,000 years old by comparison with similar deposits (MacPhee et al., 1989). Decapod fauna.— Cardisoma guanhumi Latreille, 1825 (see Donovan and Dixon, 1998), moveable finger of the left claw. Locality Qu6 Locality.— The Red Hills Road Cave is exposed on the south side of the Red Hills Road, parish of St Andrew, Jamaica, about 3.3 km west from the lookout between mile- posts 9 and 10 (Figs 2, 12 ) (NGR 643 573; new 1:50,000 (metric edition) topographic sheet 13, ‘The Blue Mountains’). The cave is flask- Fig. 10. Sample sites (Locality Qu4) on the western shaped and exposed in vertical section, with coastline of Port Morant Harbour, parish of St Thomas, a narrow opening at the apex (figured by southeast Jamaica (redrawn after Collins et al., 2009a, fig. 1). The main south coast road (A4) is indicated and Donovan et al. 1995, fig. 7 ). It was presum- the track leading to the sample sites is shown as a ably exposed when the road was built. dashed line. Coastline stippled. Specimens can be col- Horizon.— The cave was dissolved into lected by using a hammer and small chisel. mid Cenozoic limestones of the White JAMAICAN FOSSIL DECAPOD CRUSTACEAN LOCALITIES 49

Limestone Group, and is partially infilled that are prevalent in this area. The age of this with dripstones, fallen limestone boulders deposit is about 30,000 years old (McFarlane and siliciclastic sediment. The latter was and Blake, 2005; Paul and Donovan, 2006, probably derived from the terra rossa soils p. 110). Decapod fauna.— Sesarma sp. cf. S. primige- nium Collins, Mitchell and Donovan, 2009b, free fingers only. The type locality of S. prim- igenium at the Western Cement Company, near Maggoty, parish of St Elizabeth (Collins et al., 2009b, figs 1, 2 ), has been quarried away. Other arthropods known from Locality Qu6 include millipedes (Donovan and Veltkamp, 1994), isopods, ostracodes and pupae of dipterans(?).

Discussion The locality data presented herein will enable the visitor to Jamaica to find, at the least, the general area of all of the major decapod crustacean localities on the island, and to access the principal references concerning their systematics and stratigraphy. Certain patterns of distribution are discernable, sup- Fig. 11. Outline map of the area around Manchioneal, ported by evidence gained by over 180 years parish of Portland, eastern Jamaica (modified after of paleontological endeavor on the island. Donovan, 1995, fig. 1.1). For simplicity, the only water- Diversity appears greatest at certain of course shown is the Christmas River (CR), other lines the Neogene sites. The rarity of decapods indicating principal roads. Key: · = Locality Qu5, exposed on the north side of Christmas River Bay. It is from Upper Cretaceous and Paleogene sites a fissure fill near beach level, whose red terra rosa con- may be real, but in at least some instances it trasts with the enclosing white Pleistocene limestone has been compounded by collection failure. of the Manchioneal Formation. At the two Paleogene localities collected

Fig. 12. Position of the Upper Pleistocene Red Hills Road Cave (*) (Locality Qu6), on the south side of the Red Hills road near Diamond, parish of St Andrew, near Kingston, Jamaica (modified after Donovan and Gordon, 1989, fig. 1A). This site is not obvious from a car window and it is best discovered on foot (see Donovan et al., 1995, fig. 7 ). The cave was largely quarried away during road construction and resembles a section through a beer bottle. Collect by bulk sampling. 50 S. K. DONOVAN by the author (Pa1, Eo3), decapods were Acknowledgments.— Joe S. H. Collins (The certainly rare. Beecher Town (Eo3) yielded Natural History Museum, London) and many hundreds of articulated echinoid tests Roger W. Portell (Florida Museum of over a period of about ten years, whereas Natural History, Gainesville) are thanked only rare decapod limb fragments were rec- for their perceptive comments on an earlier ognized (Collins and Donovan, 2007). At incarnation of this paper. The constructive Fellowship (Pa1), both echinoids (as disar- remarks of two reviewers, Gérard Breton ticulated plates; Donovan and Veltkamp, (Le Havre, France) and Professor Rodney 1992) and decapods (one carapace) were M. Feldmann (Kent State University, Ohio), rare, preserved on the bases of sandstones are gratefully acknowledged. as transported shell lags. Experience suggests that the Cretaceous (K1, K2) and the other White Limestone Group (Eo4) locali- Literature Cited ties will yield only rare specimens. Probably Collins, J. S. H. and S. K. Donovan. 1995. A new spe- the best Paleogene unit for prospecting are cies of Necronectes (Decapoda) from the Upper the more shallow water, open marine for- Oligocene of Antigua. Caribbean Journal of Science mations of the Yellow Limestone Group 31:122-127. (such as, but not exclusively, Eo1 and Eo2). Collins, J. S. H. and S. K. Donovan. 1998. Some new crab records (Crustacea: Decapoda) from the late The Yellow Limestone Group can be highly Pleistocene Port Morant Formation of southeast fossiliferous and fossils are easy to collect Jamaica. Bulletin of the Mizunami Fossil Museum 24 from many localities. It is speculated that (for 1997):73-77. Trechmann, an expert on benthic molluscs, Collins, J. S. H. and S. K. Donovan. 2002. A new spe- would have concentrated on his own col- cies of calappid crab from the Upper Oligocene of lecting at Glasgow (Eo2) and Spring Mount Antigua. Caribbean Journal of Science 38:145-146. Collins, J. S. H. and S. K. Donovan. 2007. New deca- (Eo1), and the other fossils that he subse- pod crustaceans from the Paleogene of Jamaica. quently sent to specialists for description, Bulletin of the Mizunami Fossil Museum 33 (for 2006): including the decapods, may only represent 59-65. the most obvious taxa. Collins, J. S. H., S. K. Donovan, and H. L. Dixon. 1997. Unlike any Cretaceous or Paleogene site so Crabs and barnacles (Crustacea: Decapoda & far discovered, some of the richer Neogene Cirripedia) from the late Pleistocene Port Morant Formation of southeast Jamaica. Bulletin of the localities permit collection using micropal- Mizunami Fossil Museum 23 (for 1996):51-63. eontological techniques of bulk sampling Collins, J. S. H., S. K. Donovan, W. Lindsay, and in the field, and washing through nests of G. A. Simpson. 2001. A new species of portunid sieves and picking of residues in the labora- crab from the early Pleistocene Old Pera beds of tory. This is particularly true of the Bowden Jamaica. Proceedings of the Geologists’ Association 112: shell bed (Pl1) and the Falmouth Formation 7-12. at east Río Bueno (Qu2). Although the two Collins, J. S. H., S. K. Donovan, and T. A. Stemann. 2009a. Fossil Crustacea of the Late Pleistocene Port localities in the Port Morant Formation on Morant Formation, west Port Morant Harbour, either side of Port Morant Harbour (Qu3, southeastern Jamaica. Scripta Geologica 138:23-53. Qu4) are not particularly conducive to bulk Collins, J. S. H., S. F. Mitchell, and S. K. Donovan. 2009b. sampling, these rocks are being actively A new species of land crab, Sesarma Say (Decapoda, eroded and ample specimens are commonly Brachyura), from the Pleistocene of Jamaica. Scripta exposed for the observant collector. Geologica 138:11-21. Collins, J. S. H. and R. W. Portell. 1998. Decapod, stom- Probably of greatest interest to collectors is atopod and cirripede Crustacea from the Pliocene Duncans quarry (Mi1), being the only site to Bowden shell bed, St Thomas parish, Jamaica. yield (relatively) common and diverse mol- Contributions to Tertiary and Quaternary Geology dic carapace material (Portell and Collins, 35:113-127. 2004). These have only been collected from Collins, J. S. H., R. W. Portell, and S. K. Donovan. one lithofacies, the allochthonous blocks of 2009c. Decapod crustaceans from the Neogene of the Caribbean: diversity, distribution and prospec- reef-derived corals, and the fauna includes tus. Scripta Geologica 138:55-111. coral specialists. Unfortunately, this is the Dixon, H. L. and S. K. Donovan, with appendices by one site to have recently been altered by D. P. Domning and P. D. Taylor. 1999. Report of a adjacent major road works. field meeting to the area around Browns Town, JAMAICAN FOSSIL DECAPOD CRUSTACEAN LOCALITIES 51

parish of St. Ann, north-central Jamaica, 21st Herbst, J. F. W. 1783-1804. Versuch einer Naturgeschichte February, 1998. Journal of the Geological Society of der Krabben und Krebse nebst einer systematischen Jamaica 33 (for 1998):24-30. Beschreibung ihrer verschiedenen Arten: n. 1., 3(3) . Dixon, H. L., S. K. Donovan, and C. J. Veltkamp. 1994. Berlin and Stralsund, 54 p. Crinoid and ophiuroid ossicles from the Oligocene Higman, B. W. 1988. Jamaica Surveyed: Plantation Maps of Jamaica. Caribbean Journal of Science 30:143-145. and Plans of the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centu- Donovan, S. K. 1995. Isocrinid crinoids from the late ries. Kingston: Institute of Jamaica Publications, Cenozoic of Jamaica. Atlantic Geology 30:195-203. xv+307 p. Donovan, S. K. 2010. Where is Glasgow? Clarifying Jiang, M.-J. and E. Robinson. 1987. Calcareous nanno- a Jamaican locality after 85 years. Bulletin of the fossils and larger Foraminifera in Jamaican rocks Mizunami Fossil Museum 36:127-128. of Cretaceous to Early Eocene age. In Proceedings Donovan, S. K. and J. F. Bowen. 1989. Jamaican of a Workshop on the Status of Jamaican Geology , ed. Cretaceous Echinoidea. 1. Introduction and reas- R. Ahmad, 24-51. Kingston: Geological Society of sessment of ?Pygopistes rudistarum (Hawkins, 1923) Jamaica. n. comb. Mesozoic Research 2:57-65. Lamarck, J. B. P. A. de. 1818. Histoire naturelle des ani- Donovan, S. K. and J. S. H. Collins. 1997. Unique pres- maux sans vertebres. Volume 5 . Paris, 612 p. ervation of an Echinometra Gray (Echinodermata: Latreille, P. A. 1825. Familes naturelles de régne animal, Echinoidea) in the Pleistocene of Jamaica. Caribbean exposées succintiment et dans un ordre analytique, avec Journal of Science 33:123-124. l’indication de leurs genres . Paris, 570 p. Donovan, S. K. and H. L. Dixon. 1998. A fossil land crab Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae. Holmiae: Editio from the late Quaternary of Jamaica (Decapoda, Decima, Reformata, iii+824 p. Brachyura, Gecarcinidae). Crustaceana 71:824-826. MacPhee, R. D. E., D. C. Ford, and D. A. McFarlane. Donovan, S. K., H. L. Dixon, R. K. Pickerill, and E. N. 1989. Pre-Wisconsinan mammals from Jamaica and Doyle. 1994. Pleistocene echinoid (Echinodermata) models of late Quaternary extinction in the Greater fauna from southeast Jamaica. Journal of Paleontology Antilles. Quaternary Research 31:94-106. 68:351-358. Martèns, E. von. 1872. Über Cubanische Crustaceen Donovan, S. K. and C. M. Gordon. 1989. Report of a nach den Sammlungen Dr. J. Gundlach’s. Archiv für field meeting to selected localities in St Andrew and Naturgeschichte 38:77-147, 257-258. St Ann, 25 February 1989. Journal of the Geological McFarlane, D. A. and J. Blake. 2005. The late Pleistocene Society of Jamaica 26:51-54. hutias ( Geocapromys brownii) of Red Hills Fissure, Donovan, S. K., C. M. Gordon, W. F. Schickler, and Jamaica. 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