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Departmental Journal ISSN 2278-2621 তু লনামূলক ভারতীয় ভাষা ও সাহিতয পহিকা পঞ্চম সংখ্যা- ২০২০ Journal of Comparative Indian Language and Literature Volume-V, 2020 Editor Mrinmoy Pramanick তু লনামূলক ভারতীয় ভাষা ও সাহিতয হিভাগ কহলকাতা হিশ্বহি駍যালয় কহলকাতা- ৭০০০৭৩ Journal of Comparative Indian Language and Literature, Volume-V, 2020, ISSN:2278-2621 তু লনামূলক ভারতীয় ভাষা ও সাহিতয পহিকা পঞ্চম সংখ্যা- ২০২০ Journal of Comparative Indian Language and Literature Volume-V, 2020 সম্পাদক মৃন্ময় প্রামাহিক সি -সম্পাদক অহভষষক বসু ও দীপাহিতা মন্ডল তু লনামূলক ভারতীয় ভাষা ও সাহিতয হবভাগ কহলকাতা হবশ্বহবদযালয় কলকাতা - ৭০০ ০৭৩ 1 Journal of Comparative Indian Language and Literature, Volume-V, 2020, ISSN:2278-2621 Journal of Comparative Indian Language and Literature Vol.-V, 2020, ISSN 2278-2621 Chief Adviser Prof. Sonali Chakravarti Banerjee, Vice-Chancellor, University of Calcutta Advisory Committee Prof. Asis Kumar Chattopadhyay, Pro-Vice-Chancellor for Academic Affairs, University of Calcutta Prof. Minakshi Ray, Pro-Vice-Chancellor for Business Affairs and Finance, University of Calcutta Prof. Debasis Das, Registrar, University of Calcutta Prof. Nirban Basu, Dean, Faculty Council for Post-Graduate Studies in Arts, University of Calcutta Prof. Dhrubaranjan Dandapat, Secretary, UCAC (Acting) and Faculty Council for Post- Graduate studies in Law (Acting), University of Calcutta Editorial Board Prof. Chinmoy Guha, Professor of English, University of Calcutta Prof. Ram Ahlad Choudhary, Professor of Hindi, University of Calcutta Dr. Aditi Ghosh, Associate Professor of Linguistics, University of Calcutta Prof. Mahidas Bhattacharya, Former Director, School of Language and Linguistics, Jadavpur University, Kolkata Editor Dr. Mrinmoy Pramanick, Assistant Professor of Comparative Indian Language and Literature, University of Calcutta Co-Editor Dr. Abhisek Bose Dipanwita Mondal Editorial Assistance Pratim Das and Sounak Sengupta Published by Prof. Debasis Das, Registrar, University of Calcutta 87/1 College Street, Kolkata-700073 2 Journal of Comparative Indian Language and Literature, Volume-V, 2020, ISSN:2278-2621 We believe in freedom of expression. The views expressed by the authors to this journal are their own. 3 Journal of Comparative Indian Language and Literature, Volume-V, 2020, ISSN:2278-2621 Editor’s Note We are happy to publish the fifth volume of the Journal of Comparative Indian Language and Literature. Covid 19 pandemic led to a slight delay in the publication. The aim of this journal is to represent the current areas of study in the department and tries to serve the discipline widely. We seek to publish papers which enquire less explored areas of Indian literature and literary studies in general. This issue is also no exception. The journal explores literary studies with the approaches of interdisciplinarity which is again an important approach of the discipline. The new syllabus which was introduced in 2018 under the CBCS system, focuses to develop new directions and areas of Indian Literature and this journal also addresses such new areas. Hence, syllabus and journal together may offer glimpses of new directions of studying Indian literature. We believe that our conscious effort to work on such academic endeavour may introduce new dialogues between our discipline and greater academic community across the world. This volume includes literary contribution made by the scholars working across the country. One may find wide range of verities in the subject published here. As an academic journal, Journal of Comparative Indian Language and Literature believes in academic integrity. Therefore, all the papers are blindly peer-reviewed by the academicians working on the areas concerned across the country. All the papers are claimed new, plagiarism free and unpublished by the authors themselves. No part of this journal can be reproduced by anyone by any means without written permission of the editor. I acknowledge the kind cooperation of the University authority and all the people associated with this endeavour, like the advisory committee, members of the editorial board and especially the reviewers who took this burden of reviewing voluntarily, out of their dedication to the academics. I also acknowledge Mr. Pratim Das and Sounak Sengupta’s assistance to prepare the final draft of the journal. Mrinmoy Pramanick 31st December, 2020 Calcutta 4 Journal of Comparative Indian Language and Literature, Volume-V, 2020, ISSN:2278-2621 Contents Reading a Bio Centric Universe in Bongocher Oral Tradition, through a Strucuralist Paradigm- Sharmistha Chaterjee 7 De-Occidentalizing Law and Literature Narratives- Debasis Poddar 21 Powerful Voices in Women’s Writing: The Bangla Novel in Post-Independence India- Sreemati Mukherjee 41 A Comparative Analysis of Modern Bengali Bibles- Ariktam Chatterjee 52 Understanding Cultural Transaction: Translating from Classical Chinese into Bengali- Barnali Chanda 72 The Reality of Assam Tea of the Colonial Period: A Coolie’s Struggle as Represented in Literature- Aratrika Ganguly 79 Locating Thailand in Early 20th Century Bengali Travel Writing Towards an Anti-Indianised History of Southeast Asia- Pratim Das 92 Strategical Mysticism and Translation in Amitav Ghosh’s The Hungry Tide “Because Words are Just Air”- Indrani Chakraborty 105 Exploring and Integrating Trauma in the Selected Stories of Ismat Chughtai Pragati Gupta 122 The Fallen Feudal: Disintegration of Feudal Patriarchy in the Works of Satyajit Ray Aritra Basu and Reeswav Chatterjee 129 5 Journal of Comparative Indian Language and Literature, Volume-V, 2020, ISSN:2278-2621 Countering Punishment: A Study of Nandini Oza’s Whither Justice: Stories of Women in Prison- Subha Chakraburtty 144 Translation Studies: Each Translation, a New Object? - Rea Hazra 150 Narrative Style and Function of Memory in ‘Pedro Paramo’ Creating ‘Otherside’ of its Own. - Ritesh Basu 157 About the Contributors 163 6 Journal of Comparative Indian Language and Literature, Volume-V, 2020, ISSN:2278-2621 Reading a Bio-Centric Universe in Bongcher Oral Tradition, through a Structuralist Paradigm Sharmistha Chatterjee Abstract The Bongcher people of Tripura (Nelsipara at Ompi, Amarpur subdivision) are a small community of about thousand people who still subsist on agrarian economy. Almost illiterate and very poor, this community has for centuries bore the brunt of oppressive kings, making them a partially nomadic tribe in search of safe heaven, almost in the tradition of the Jews. Originallybelieved to be from Sinlung in South China the Bongchers left their homes to move towards present day Mynamar, then to Champai in Mizoram and ultimately to Lungleng Tang, meaning- ‘ the hillock of lost hearts’. ‘Songs of Destitutes’ and ‘Songs of Separation’were composed on this Lungleng Tang. After a period of stay in this area, the Bongchers finally shifted to Chittagong tract area through which they entered Tripura. A community without script, their oral literature traces this desire for settlement and home, the search for the same and the endless journey for peace, love and acceptance. Often steeped with morals, these folktales and songs necessarily follow the universal structuralist paradigm unraveled by Formalists like Vladimir Propp and A.J. Griemas. They traverse the trajectory of the three main ‘syntagms’- the contractual structures, the performative structures and the disjunctive structures which necessarily show the Bongchers’ optimism and ability to surmount difficulties in a hostile world. But the recurrent tropes in this design is hard to miss out- the ‘jhum cultivation’, the trees, the flowers, the animals, the birds, the rain and the sky equally participate, befriend and often compete with the humans to bring home a message of bio-centric harmony and egalitarianism. The presentation/ paper seeks to read these recurrent motifs, tropes and ‘semes’ in the Bongcher oral tradition which speak of the underlying history and the worldview of its people in absence of a script. Keywords: Bongcher, Oral Tadition, Nomadic, Folktales, Songs, Structures, Paradigm, Bio-Centric, History, Worldview None, no one I can call my own Is there, on this desolate earth I search my heart for a destination (And find nowhere a welcoming hearth.) ‘I leave this land of yours’- I call out Seven times. None to my left I see. None to my right nor can I find out. Who is there my own? Who will be? I search for cucurbites in valleys, on hill, 7 Journal of Comparative Indian Language and Literature, Volume-V, 2020, ISSN:2278-2621 For the core of banana plants even. What else to eat? My belly to fill? Can I ride a tortoise to go to heaven (“Song of the Destitute” II ll I-12) The first two 12 lines of the “Song of the Destitute” sung by the Bongcher community crystallizes, three essential things that one searches for, or, they may be portrayed as the desires of a forlorn human being, the first- ‘the welcoming hearth’ or home, the second- someone to call ‘my own’ or a soul mate and third- something for ‘my belly to fill’. It is these three basic desires and a diehard optimism to surmount the odds (‘Death doesn’t come, I cannot die’ l-13), that characterizes the Bongchers’ approach to life. Minakshi Sen rightly observes in her Foreword to the collection of tales and songs of the Bongchers- Echoes from Lungleng Tang ,“Their folklores and songs appear to have picked out of this long journey over space and time” (i) There is veritably no scope to disagree with the claim, since this cluster of twenty-five to thirty Bongcher families who are settled at the foot of the Barmura hills of Tripura, Ompi’s Nelsi Boncherpara, with a population which cannot exceed a thousand people are a race of migrants who have travelled over long distances and time in search of peace and food. At present scattered and in other places as Teliamura, Gandachara, Dhanalekha and Agartala, the Bongchers ethnically belong to Tibeto-Burman Mongoloid tribe.
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