History of Bishopthorpe

H I S T O R Y

OF TH E

P A R I S H A N D M A N O R H O U S E

BISHO PTHO RPE

TOGETHE R WITH AN ACCOUNT O F THE PRE -REFORMATION RESIDENCES OF TH E AR CH BISH OPS OF YORK .

BY ‘ M R . . A. JOHN KEBLE ,

AT V CAR OF B S OPT OR P PRE BE NDAR Y OF STOW AN ANON OF OR K L E I I H H E , WI D C Y ,

AND CHAPLAIN TO THE ARCHBISHOP.

DIT D WITH PR F AC E E , A E E

- RY R V . . . . . E VE E A P PUREY CUST , D D

DEAN O F YORK .

“ ” OR OF THE HER DR OF OR TER &C . &c . AUTH AL Y Y K MINS , ,

L E E D S

RICH R C SO 1 6 1 CO ER STR T A D JA K N , 7 , MM CIAL EE .

1 9 0 5

1 35 81 1 4

C O N T E N T S

’ EDITORS PREFAC E V- Vii

’ AUTH OR S PREFACE viii- x

I — TH P I H CHAPTER . E AR S

II — TH IR T H RCH . E F S C U

THE SEC OND CHURC H

— TH IC R G H O AND I C RS III . E V A A E USE V A

— TH H RCHY RD IV . E C U A

— TH T H V . E IT ES

— VI . THE REGISTERS

LI ST O F VICARS AND PATRONS

I — TH H RCH AND P RI H H RITI S - V I . E C U A S C A E 53 55

— T T T VIII . HE CHURC H ES A E

IX —T OR - H O O F ISH OPTH ORP . HE MAN USE B E

— PR - R RM TIO R ID C OF TH X . E EFO A N ES EN ES E ARCH BISHO PS OF YO RK 9 4 - 1 1 6

INDEX 1 1 7 - 1 2 7

L I S T O F I L L U S T R A T I O N S .

FACING PAGE ’ WEST FRONT OF TH E ARC HBISH O P S H O USE AT BISH OPTHORPE

TH E S ROM TH T RR C ISH OPTH ORP OU E F E E A E , B E

’ RCH ISH OP GR Y S O UME T ORK I ST R A B A M N N , Y M N E

TH E VILLAGE FRO M THE SCH O OL - H OUSE

’

S . NDR W S H RC H BI H OPTH ORP A E C U , S E

’ EAST FR ONT O F THE ARCH BISH OP S H O USE

LIME AVENUE AT B I SH OPTH ORPE

RCH ISH O P TO Y TTH W Po a 1 60 6 A B B MA E , rtr it ,

CC PT D R W A E E F E EN,

RICH RD ST R A E NE ,

TH OM S MP GH A LA LU ,

C OT CK R LAN EL BLA BU N ,

TH O M S H RR I G A E N ,

I I M RKH M W LL A MA A ,

DW RD R O - H RC O RT E A VE N N A U ,

H R ES TH O M S O G Y C A L A L N LE ,

I I M TH OMSO W LL A N ,

I I M G W LL A MA EE,

. A RYMP C G W D L LE MA LA AN,

’ EDITORS PREFACE .

T has been a labour Of love to edit the following ff 3 pages , for I have a deep a ection for the memory of the Author and a genuine admiration for his work . The bulky portfolio which has passed into my hands containing notes and letters , testiﬁes to the inﬁnite care and labour which he devoted to the task which he

Of Of . set before him , writing a history Bishopthorpe Certainly he spared no pains to Obtain information from

- every available source , and Dr . Auden , my fellow labourer in this good work , can bear Witness to the absolute authenticity and accuracy of all his quotations from those who had the best claim to be consulted on the matter .

It might seem at ﬁrst sight that the little Village Of Bishopthorpe and its one stately residence was not a very large theme on which to write a book ; but he has elicited

SO n many details concerni g the personages , manners and

Of customs , and events days gone by, that the pages are replete with interest ; and he seems to bring before us in his simple but graphic language the Characters of those who were no mean actors in the great historical drama of

Of the past , as well as to elaborate the ordinary details

Of the daily life generations before us , which enable us to realize who and what manner Of men lived amidst

SO ff circumstances and surroundings di erent to our own . ’ DIT R P vi E O S REFACE .

Of Indeed , he shows us that Bishopthorpe was the focus very much that aff ected the condition Of Church and

State , and enables us to become acquainted with the real dispositions and notions Of many whose names are simply mentioned on the pages of history , and whose share in the great events which decided the condition Of the Church and Nation we have hitherto scarcely realized . Truly his industrious and faithful pen has invested scenes , so

O f w familiar to some us , ith an interest which they have never had before , and will no doubt draw many who are t hitherto strangers , to visit a place which hey would otherwise have passed by in their search for what is attractive and sensational .

The previous Church , built by Archbishop Drummond ,

0 0 according to the taste of his days , for 1 ;3, 5 , and embellished with a new west front by Archbishop Harcourt

Of 1 0 0 Of at the cost £ , 5 , was never worthy its position , and had gradually become dilapidated , and owing to the

Of insecure condition the river bank , liable to slip into the

1 8 w h x stream . In 99 it was pulled down , it the e ception

Of the west wall and bellcote , and the present Church was

Of erected by subscription on the west side the high road , from designs by Mr . Hodgson Fowler, and consecrated on

’ Of am e s s . e S. ] Day the following year His Grace the pres nt Archbishop (who had already beautifully restored the

Chapel in the Palace) added the Tower as a thank - Offering

Of - on the completion the twenty ﬁfth year O f his episcopate . ’ DIT P E ORS REFACE . The late Canon Keble took a lively interest in this good

’ work , but died shortly after its completion , on S . Matthias

1 0 Day, 9 3, and his body was the ﬁrst that was laid to rest under the east wall Of the new and beautiful House

Of God . That spot will certainly acquire a more solemn and reverent recognition from all who visit the God’ s acre which surrounds the new and beautiful Church . Even

O f that grassy mound , ever bright with the ﬂoral f erings of those who loved and knew him while on earth , and beneath which rests all that was mortal Of one Of the truest servants of the Lord , whose bright example , loving friendship , and faithful ministrations , will never cease to provoke the grateful recogn ition Of those who knew him here on earth , and who hope to be with him in the paradise of God whither he has passed on before us .

- R T . ARTHUR P . PU EY CUS

' E N E R O R D A Y, Y K ,

S e tem ber 1 0 . p , 9 5

P R E F A C E .

H E following p age s have grown out O f two Parochi al Le ctur e s

in 1 8 an d 1 c c o o given 9 7 89 8. My hief Obje t thr ugh ut h as be en t o provide an ac count Of t he Old Village an d Man o r

T s H o s f or th e Pa s o e s O f s o o e . w a u e ri hi n r Bi h pth rp hi ill, I fe r ,

a so a s Of th e oo e o s t o t h e a e a m ke me p rt b k t di u gener l r der , if it s hould chan ce t o fall into his hands ; but I believe that t he ann als

O f v r a s ow v s a are wo co . is oo e e y p ri h , h e er m ll , rth re rding It g d f or people t o have s ome kn owledge of th e place where they were

o or an d Of th e c w e wo s : v s an b rn live, Chur h h re they r hip it gi e

s c d s aff e c for v a c intere t whi h eepen their tion their home . E ery n ient

” a s h as c o it s s a in a E a a sh e is p ri h ntributed h re m king ngl nd wh t , an d h as a co w c is a Of our n a o a s r re rd hi h p rt ti n l hi to y .

“ “ v r a s sa s s o S s h as a s r E e y p ri h , y Bi h p tubb , regi ter , eve y

son h as a a s a o h as a o an d v r o h as per p ri h , every m n r l rd, e e y l rd had a share in th e s truggles by whi ch our n ation al life h as become ” w a I h t it is .

The tradition s and memories that cluster round a Village

c us t o a z th e c o Of th e c in E a Chur h help re li e ntinuity Chur h ngl nd, whi ch through s o many centuries h as provided teaching an d minis t rations t o our c sso s w os o s f or th e os a s prede e r , h e b die m t p rt re t in t h e l c c Th e s o f s o s an d v s is O d hur hyard . hi t ry O per n e ent t oo as o c a r — ld e ily f rgotten . Lo al tr diti on s last f o a time some O

a s o s and a s of h e is Of t n o s c o a p ri hi ner remember t lk them ; en h l r ,

’ “ ” 1 Bish b b s e c e s . . Thi d Ed i i n . ( ) op Stu L tur , p 4 73 r t o ix PR EFACE .

e N t o e ac an d at his d e ath his info rmatio n di s with him . o nly h

i s a a Th e ld a a s e ac a s o av t s . O p ri h , but h f mily h uld h e nn l f mily

d c f r h a e s e I n Bible is the n atural an right pla e o t e f mily r gi t r .

can b e n ot o s a s s co ﬁ a o s a a e s it entered nly birth , b pti m , n rm ti n , m rri g

and a s an o o a e . W a th e a e de th , but y ther imp rt nt ev nt h t f th r

e d f r his a o d o for his a t h a so s o o o s . Sh uld f mily, p r n h uld p ri h

One O f ce sso s a o xo s e t m e t h e xa e and my prede r , C n n Di n , e mpl , I

a t o co his wo a a a in o h ve tried ntinue rk , p rtly by rr nging it rder , and partly by adding such n e w m ateri al as I have been able

c t o dis over .

The greater part o r th e additi o n al Chapter on th e Pre Re formati on Reside n ces of th e Ar chbishop s of York was printe d “ in t he c T s of a 2 t h an d M a c th 1 8 8. Chur h ime Febru ry 5 r h 4 , 9

I have t o ackn owledge a speci al debt t o the following sources

“ I A a s c o c o ai i o s on t he H s o Of ( ) m nu ript v lume, nt n ng n te i t ry ” s o o a o xon o ca of s o or Bi h pth rpe by C n n Di , f rmerly Vi r Bi h pth pe, i n ow n my p ossessi on .

f c s o a wh o e t o his 2 Th e MSS . O S s cc sso s ( ) Ar hbi h p h rp , l ft u e r

f s a o s co a a ass O o a o . three l rge v lume , nt ining m u eful inf rm ti n

“ e f s — h as th a e s O o . A Vol. I St tut Y rk Min ter brief Histo ry

of t he of o k — L s s o f t he a s a c o s City Y r i t De n , Ch n ell r ,

T as s Sub - a s c aco s an d a o s — An re urer , De n , Ar hde n C n n

acco of t he ca s o a a P s s an d of unt Vi r Ch r l , Ch ntry rie t , ’ — H c s a 1 . A s S . Sepul hre Ch pe i t ory of the Archbishop s

of o o Pa s t o La w a c Y rk fr m ulinu mplugh , ith their n ient

Estates and Patron age .

l h as a acc f t he Vo . II n ount O Estates bel onging t o th e

A c s o c and of t h e R s ss o r hbi h pri , ent i uing fr m them , t ogether with the yearly Pen sion s d ue t o t he Arch

s o s o the a o a R c o s of t he bi h p fr m ppr pri ted e t rie Di ocese .

Vol. h as a H s o of ac Par s in the oc s c n III i t ry e h i h Di e e, in ludi g

N o a s ttingh m hire .

C H A P E T R I .

THE PARISH .

ISHOPTHORPE is a small village in the Ainsty

of York , three miles South of the Cathedral

‘ City . The area of the township is rather over 7 2 0 acres : its boundaries are the River Ouse

on the East , the Parish of Acaster Malbis on the South , n that of Copmanthorpe on the West , and the Tow ship of

Middlethorpe on the North . The richness Of the soil in the Vale of York is said by antiquaries to have made it one of the earliest seats of

the agriculture and settled life in Britain , while Ouse has ff always been one of our chief water ways , a ording a route

for the ﬁrst pioneers of trade and civilization , as well as for

I Of Malm e the invader . William sb ury speaks Of the ships m from Ger any and Ireland , which found their way to York ,

built just at the limit of the tide , and describes the city ” as ever exposed to the fury Of the northern nations

' ' ' ' ‘ ' ﬁ t rorz agm lona lzum gem zum semper oonoxza— especially Of the

Danes .

” I s a Pontiﬁ cum . o o u t o o ( ) Ge t Pr l g e third B ok . I TORY OF BI O T 2 H S SH P HORPE .

The earliest inhabitants of Yorkshire lived on the

- hills , and no relics of the pre historic races , whose tombs are found on the Eastern Wolds , have been found in the

Parish , nor are there any British remains . The name Ouse is derived from an Old British (Keltic) word “ ” s meaning Water, and at lea t four rivers in England are so called .

The whole district belonged to the British tribe Of the Brigantes , who were ﬁnally conquered by the Romans m A . D . . b uracu about 79 The conquerors made E , which may have been already an important stronghold, the capital of

Britain . They were not long in building their cities ,

Old camps , and roads in all the country round , and the Roman Road to Tadcaster (Calcaria) runs just outside

b uracum the western boundary of the parish . E became

S the imperial city, and for three centuries the ixth Legion occupied the garrison . The Emperors Severus and Con st antius Of l died there ; and Helena, the wife the atter, and mother of the famous Constantine , may have been a native of the city . York is full of Roman remains , l Of which there is a ﬁne co lection in the Museum . The Romans built houses not only in the city but in the neighbourhood , and there is in the lower room of the

I Alt ar Museum a Stone , found on Bishopthorpe Moor in

in cri 1 86 . 1 8 s 5 It is inches high , and quite plain , with no p

Old tion . An parishioner tells me that there is a tradition that there was a Roman Road to the spot leaving the

Old York Road near Middlethorpe corner, and marked by

Of . oak trees , some which remain

’ “ 1 C Ra s a oo t o o s . 6 No . 0 . ( ) f . ine H ndb k Y rk Mu eum , p 4 , 3

TH E PARISH . 3

I said If it be true , as is , that there was a chain of Roman forts along the river every two miles from York to the Humber , there must have been one in the parish ;

an in y case there was one two miles beyond at Acaster ,

' as the name indicates . Up and down the river in those i days sailed the Roman warsh ps , as well as the large merchant vessels carrying wine , pottery, furniture and

Of luxuries all kinds , and returning laden with corn , which hi in those times was one of the c ef exports of the country .

About the year 4 1 0 the Roman Legions were with drawn from Britain , leaving the country at the mercy of the ﬁerce Angles and Saxons , who came , not like the

Picts and Scots to plunder and return , but to stay . The North held out against the invaders longer than the

South , but was conquered by the Angles during the sixth century , and formed two kingdoms of Bernicia and Deira .

Of h The latter consisted chieﬂy what is now Yorks ire , 88 and York became its capital . In 5 there was war

Z the lric Z lle Of between E , King of Bernicia, and E , King

Of . Deira, the father Edwin It was just about this time that Gregory saw the Yorkshire Slave boys in the market

2 place at Rome ; they were probably captives taken in this war, brought by English slave merchants . I mention this because they must have been taken from home in

- a slave ship down the Ouse, looking longingly at our banks as they passed by, and little thinking that by

’ God s Providence they were to be the unconscious in st rum e nt s Of the re - conversion Of their country to the

’ “ ” 1 Ra s o s o c Tow C s . 1 ( ) f ine Y rk (Hi t ri n ), p 5 .

“ ” - 2 C . s o ow : us and his Co a o s 1 2 0 ( ) f Bi h p Br ne Aug tine mp ni n , pp . 7 . ISTORY OF I 4 H B SHOPTHORPE .

faith . Only forty years later their king, Edwin , was baptized by Paulinus in York , and the Minster was begun . It is impossible to say when our village was actually

- . t ca z e formed Two Anglo Saxon S y s ( l . small copper coins) Of 866 of the time King Ethelred , , were found near the Old Church in 1 84 3 but this is not enough to prove the existence of an English village at that date . The “ ” “ r wo d Thorp , meaning Village , is not English , but Scandinavian ; and it is more probable that we owe our origin to the Danes than to the Angles . They invaded 86 8 the North and took York in 7 , and by 75 had conquered the whole of Northumbria . The city still retains many traces of them in the names of its streets , such as Coney King Street ; and Good

m a ra t e C . g , called after Guthrum , a Danish hieftain The neighbourhood abounds in Thorps besides our own there

2 Cle m e n thor e are Copmanthorpe , Thorp Arch , p , and Middle

Of . thorpe , all them probably Danish settlements

The four large Common ﬁelds , which were enclosed in the eighteenth century, no doubt date back to Saxon times ,

Of probably almost to the foundation the village , for the

Danes soon adopted the Saxon land system . These ﬁelds were open , divided not by fences but by narrow balks

Of turf, and belonged to all the members of the village community .

We have a great battleﬁeld , not indeed in the parish ,

. but only a few yards out of it , just across the river It was on the Fulford Ings that the battle of Fulford was

’ ( I ) Dixon s N ote in P arish Register of Baptisms .

r c a . T s a so 2 Co a or z .e . o of C a a o h ( ) pm nth pe , the th rp the h pm n mer h nt u l

Co a was o C o m an - av a o of c a . penh gen f rmerly p h en , the h rb ur the mer h nt

R 6 HISTORY O F BISHOPTHO PE .

The entries rendered in English are as follows

’ O RT T ( 1 ) (R BE MALE S LANDS .)

Of . Manor, in Torp the Church Christ Gamel

I had one carucate for ge ld . Land to half a plough .

2 R . Now Robert has it and it is waste . T . . E it was

0 . worth 2 shillings , now 3 shillings

N ’ (2 ) (RICHARD SO OF ERF AST S LANDs . )

In Torp Christ Church , two carucates of land for

geld . Land to one plough and a half. Richard

rfast son of E has it and it is waste . Nevertheless

it renders 8 Shillings . These short notices do not at ﬁrst sight seem to tell us very much , but they really contain a good deal 3 Of information . We gather from them that Gamel was the last Saxon lord of the village, and that he was , after

di o e e d s ss s r . the Conquest , p by the Norman , Robe t Malet

Whether there was a Church here at that time we cannot tell . The reduction in the value of the land was due to the

Of terrible vengeance William , on the North , for rising against him and joining the Danes in taking York in “ ”

1 0 6 . 9 In the next year nemesis came swiftly, When , “ ff says Canon Raine , the vengeance of the Conqueror su ered

z e . a a . ( I ) . t x ble

( 2 ) Th e accompanying table m ay expl ain the measurements of l and here — = = = = use d z z b ovat e s I virgat e 2 o acres ; 4 virgates 1 hide or caruc ate 1 full '

T. R . E . z .e . Tem ore Re is E d ward i of wa plough . , p g ; in the time E d rd the sso an o a v a a c o s o t o a ova Confe r xg ng ( ide infr ) gener lly rre p nded b te .

T w s v a Gam e ls a o s and is f c t (3) here ere e er l b ut thi time , it di ﬁ ult o be

a a o t s on e . H e was o a a son of r a c ert in b ut hi pr b bly the G mel , O m , l arge w of E wa wh o was ac o s t lando ner in the time d rd , tre her u ly killed by Tos ig at ’ o 1 0 6 . H is son a a a o in o 0 6 a Y rk in 4 G mel he ded rebelli n Y rk in 1 5 . Cf : Freem n s “ ” o of o a Co s II . 8 r o Hist ry N rm n nque t, , 4 9 (thi d editi n). TH RI E PA SH . 7 scarcely a single household to remain between the Humber ” ! ff and the Tees Torp su ered with the rest .

’ ’ Robert s father, William Malet , came over with the

Of Conqueror from Normandy, and fought at the battle ff Hastings . He was made the ﬁrst High Sheri of York

1 0 6 . shire, and was among the few spared by the Danes in 9

He seems to have died in the following year, and was succeeded by his eldest son , Robert , who lived chieﬂy at f uﬁ olk Eye in S , where he founded a priory . He was

’ Chamberlain to Henry I , but took Duke Robert s side 3 8th and was killed at the battle of Tinchebray, 2 September ,

1 1 0 6 . His estates were conﬁscated, but Eye was afterwards ’ Rannul h Of S . restored to his ister s son , p , Earl Chester The rest of the property seems to have passed to Hugo

Malb s de y , whose family gave the name to the neighbouring parish of Acaster . By the thirteenth century Eye had come ’ 4 to them as well , for they are mentioned in Kirby s Inquest ” h as Malbys of the Honour of Eye . T eir propert y in this parish passed , along with Acaster, to the Fairfax family, when in the early part Of the fourteenth century Thomas Fairfax

Malb s married the heiress , Elisabeth y ; and from them , in

1 8 Of the th century , to the predecessors the present Lord

VVe nlock Of , who sold the last remaining portion his land here in 1 898.

rfast H e rf ast Arf ast us Of E , or , or , was a man some mark in his day . He had been Chaplain to the Conqueror

1 0 6 6 . in Normandy, and came to England with him in

”

r z . 1 6 ( I ) Fasti Eb o p 4 .

“ ’ 2 C o s Archmolo i c al Soc s o rna vol. xiv . . . ( ) f . Y rk hire g iety J u l , , p 43

“ ” o s r rc ae o o c a and To o r a ca ournal vol. iv. 1 . (3) Cf : Y rk hi e A h l gi l p g phi l J , , 44

o vol. x . . 2 (4) Surt ees S ciety , xli , p 4 . 8 I TORY OF I O T R H S B SH P HO PE .

Of William Malmesbury, who in the reign of Stephen wrote

a history of the English Bishops , speaks of him as an

Of illiterate man but he was evidently a favourite William ,

1 0 68 who gave him large estates in Yorkshire , and in made him his ﬁrst Chancellor . He became Bishop of Elmham in

2 1 0 0 Norfolk in 7 , and in the same year helped to consecrate

Of 1 0 Lanfranc Archbishop Canterbury . In 75 he removed

his 1 0 8 . See to Thetford , and is said to have died in 4 It is interesting to note that although a bishop he was married

and had a son , who inherited his estates , including the 3 property at Bishopthorpe . Canon Dixon says that he was

Pa ane lls Pa ne lls succeeded by the g or y , the family that

gave its name to Hooton Pagnell in Yorkshire , and Newport

Of u Pagnell in Bucks . About the end the twelfth cent ry,

F re the sant co- Of , the second daughter and heiress William

Pa an ell 4 Geoﬁ re g married Sir y de Luttrell , and the property

passed to their children . This accounts for the land in

the parish , bought by Archbishop Gray in the thirteenth “ ” Of century, being described as of The Fee Luttrell .

- The Luttrells were a well known Yorkshire family, their arms5 are to be seen in the central west window of

the vestibule to the Chapter House in York Minster . By the twelfth century the parish had come to be known

hor - - - on - as T p super Usam or Thorpe Ouse , a name by which

it was occasionally called at a much later period , though it was gradually superseded by those of “ Andrew Thorpe

“ m I I s a Pont iﬁ cu . I R o S s o . 1 0 . ( ) Ge t , Lib ll erie Editi n , p 5 “ 2 I ( ) bid , p . 39 . “ M . 6 o SS . . (3) Dix n , p ”

s Soc vol. c v. Pe d . F in . o 8 (4) Surtee iety , x i , J hn , p . 7 .

’ ” - “ C : Cust s a of o s I . . 1 6 (5) f Purey Her ldry Y rk Min ter, , p 9 . TH RI E PA SH . 9

- - - - t . : b or Thorp jux a Eboracum , viz Thorp y York . In this century a considerable part of the land here was given to

I Book Kirkstall Abbey, as we learn from its Coucher , which “ Of records that in the reign Henry II . , William Painel (Pagan e ll) gave six bovates Of land in Thorp - on - Ouse to ” the Monks of Kirkstall , to be theirs for ever .

I st 1 1 Not many years later, on September , 94 , Roger “ Fitz Warner de Egge b urg quit claimed to the Abbot Of Kirkstall half a carucate Of land with the appurtenances

r - - in Tho p super Usam , and in consideration thereof the ” Abbots and Monks gave Roger three cows and two oxen . This gift was conﬁrmed in 1 2 0 2 by a charter signed by

Barcast on Richard de , the son of Warner , who was , I

Of - The suppose , the brother the above mentioned Roger . charter is found in the Coucher Book of the Abbey, and from it we gather that Richard had inherited the land from his mother, for the words run namely, all the land which

The was of the maritage of Ysabel his mother in Thorp . date is given , which is very unusual in charters of this

raese nt e m cart am Ric period , as follows Hanc p dedi ego

re dictis iii ohis p monachis anno j regni regis J , coram

' 2 h Norwic e t aliis usticiariis ii domine Jo e Episcopo , J D i

itin e rantib us An dre ae : e t Regis , in vigilia Sancti apostoli in e Ode m die recepi ab e isdem monachis Inj sol de ﬁrm a ” 3 illins anni .

“ T s l vi 1 e s o oc vo . . . 1 . ( ) L ed h re by S iety, ii , pt

a was s o of o w c at s H e was (2 ) John de Gr y Bi h p N r i h thi time . the un cle

f a a rc s o of o . o W lter de Gr y, A hbi h p Y rk

we s o a o t o ss Of . . T a cas n (3) I o thi inf rm ti n the kindne Mr W . L n ter ; a d it a s us t o a a s o of an and t o en ble m ke link in the hi t ry the l d , understand h ow was a a fe w ars a c s o a o o t it th t , ye l ter, Ar hbi h p Gr y b ught the pr per y in the village from Kirkstall Abbey . I T RY F I T 1 0 H S O O B SHOP HORPE .

It was probably about the end Of the twelfth century that the Knights Templar, who were largely endowed in

Of Yorkshire , became lords of the manor Copmanthorpe .

They built a Preceptory there just on our borders , in the

ﬁeld which still bears the name of Temple Garth . They also possessed an adjoining farm and mill in this parish ,

Of w on the site what is now kno n as Temple Hill Farm .

- There are still some mill stones in the garden there , and one at the Vicarage taken from the same spot . Canon Dixon adds that the kitchen hearth - stone Of the house1

- built by Mr . Wade at the south west end of the village in

1 8 6 in 3 , was brought from Temple Garth , and has an “ scription on its underside : no doubt the frail memoria of some worthy of the Order Of Knights Templar 2 The

Of osse sions 1 1 0 Order was deprived all its p in Yorkshire in 3 , and the Preceptory at Copmanthorpe was visited by the

Commissioners in the following year . The property seems

Malb s to have been given or sold to the y family, from whom

Of 3 who it passed by marriage to the family Fairfax, sold it to the Vavasour family ; for in the sixteenth century we ﬁnd Sir Thomas Vavasour conveying“ to certain persons the Manors of Temple Copmanthorpe and Copmanthorpe

C o e nthor e alias pp p and 3 watermills , with lands ”

81 C . 1 660 there , and in Bishopthorpe , Acaster, About Sir

: C o m an Thos . Widdrington writes Not long since it ( p ” Thos . Vavasour thorpe) belonged to Sir , Knight Marshall .

owt o ( 1 ) Now occupied by Mr . G h rpe .

“ 2 a a s h as n ow sa a 2 o M SS . . 1 . I . ( ) Dix n , p fe r th t thi di ppe red

’ “ Wid d rin t on s a c a b orace nsia . 1 . (3) Cf . g An le t E , p 35

“ - “ o P s F inium 1 1 . C : o s Archmolo ica] (4) Fr m the ede , 597 599 ] Y rk hire g ” - o R co s vol. v . . 2 1 2 6 . S ciety ( e rd Serie ), iii , pp 7 TH RI 1 E PA SH . 1

Many stones and fragments in the walls and cottages Of the village Of Copmanthorpe are evidently taken from the

Old . religious house , and may still be seen

1 2 0 2 Of . In the year , the Priory S Andrew was founded

ishe r at e in York on the Fulford Road, outside F g Bar , by

M a a certain Hugh urd c . He endowed it with rents and

S O . land, among which were eventeen xgangs in our parish Whether there was a Church here before this we cannot

Of tell , but it is pretty certain that the Prior and Monks A S . ndrew built the Church , which lasted till the eighteenth

di . century , and de cated it to their patron saint The only

Of trace it remaining is the Early English Piscina, which

I found lying in the vestry, and which has now been built into the south side of the sanctuary Of the new Church .

This led to the village being called Thorpe S . Andrew or

An drewt horpe . Having built and probably endowed the

Of . Church , the Prior and Monks became patrons the living

1 1 The ﬁrst rector known to us was instituted in 2 3 , by name

I d e Be rke le Arnold y , a Gloucestershire man , as his name indicates . He was a noted pluralist , more engaged in State ff than in Church a airs , and is not likely to have resided

. Of 1 6 here He became Baron the Exchequer in 2 4 , and died two years later . We now come to the event which has gi ven to our village not only its present name , but a special character

in Of of its own , and a place the history the North of

England . It was in 1 2 2 6 that Archbishop Walter Gray bought

Of se the property from Kirkstall Abbey . The deeds purcha

“ C . s o and o c s rc ae o o ca Soc vol. xvi. . 2 . ( I ) f Bri t l Gl u e ter A h l gi l iety, , p 1 I TOR OF I T R 2 H S Y B SHOP HO PE . and the names of the witnesses may be read in Canon Raine’s

“ ’ ” I Re i t e r edition of Gray s g s . They are taken from the

. 1 . 8 . S Reg Album ( j , 7 and how that he bought from the monastery one carucate of land . This seems to have carried with it the manorial rights , and some think that there was already an old manor house and chapel on the

f - O SO . present site the called palace At the same time , to a m ke the property more complete , he bought rather more “ ” than an acre , in what is now called The Valley, to the

2 north of the old Church walk, from Robert Bustard . The

- Bustards were a well known family, and among the largest landowners in the neighbourhood . Their names occur again and again in documents relating to land in this

Bust ardthor e parish and Middlethorpe . p was a consider able hamlet to the east of the York Road, somewhere 3 opposite the Middlethorpe Manor Farm , but it has long since disappeared . Middlethorpe was so called because it

- t r e was half way between Bishopthorpe and Bust ard ho p .

Walter Gray chose his site well . He was doubtless

Andre wthor e w attracted by the pleasant village of p , ith its beautiful trees , and was glad to acquire a new country seat , within so easy reach by road or river Of his head -quarters in the cathedral city . This may well be the place to say a few words about this great man , to whom we owe so much , and who deserves to be much remembered here .

“ ” s Soc vol. lvi . . 2 8. ( I ) Surtee iety, , p 3

“ ” 2 I . 1 2 . ( ) bid , p 9

T s a w Cham ne s 1 8 0 . The o os was (3) hi f rm as built by Mr . p y in 4 ﬁeld pp ite “ ” s a t h am ne s so o t o then till c lled Bus ard th orp e . Mr. C p y ld the pr perty the

H on . o a 86 Egrem nt L scelles in 1 3.

F I T I 4 HISTORY O B SHO P HORPE .

1 . in 2 55 , having ruled the Diocese for forty years His acts bear witness to his energy in the Diocese and beyond “ t it ; he found the province , to which he was ranslated ,

” I a barren wilderness ; he left it a fruitful gard e n . He

m uniﬁ ce nt was also a great builder, and a benefactor to the See , founding the Prebendal Stalls of Wistow and

Be ne ﬁ ce s Stanwick, and giving several , as well as plate , jewels and vestments to the Chapter for the beneﬁt Of the

Minster . Besides the Manor House at Bishopthorpe , of which the existing Chapel is a fragment, he built York

House , for three hundred years the London residence of the

- Northern Primates , and the West front of Ripon Minster .

His greatest monument , however, is the noble South Tran

’ sept of York . There on the east side in S . Michael s Chapel

was . he buried , where his tomb still stands He is the ﬁrst of the Archbishops whose acts remain in the Register at

Of York . They cover the whole his episcopate excepting

1 1 - 1 the years 2 5 2 2 4 , and have been edited by Canon Raine .

o Having bought this property, he became L rd of the Manor di of Bishopthorpe , a gnity which has belonged to the Arch bishops of York ever since .

1 1 By 2 4 Gray had built the Manor House and Chapel , of which an account will be given later . He also pos sessed other property in Bishopthorpe , besides lands in

Bust ardthor e p , Naburn and Middlethorpe , all of which he gave before his death to his brother, Robert Gray reser ving to himself and his successors , only the Manor House and its belongings . Part Of the land had belonged to the Priory of

. hi u the S Andrew in York, and along with t s he bo ght

“ ” 1 I . 2 ( ) bid , p 79. ’ Archb i sh op Gray s Mon um e n t I n t h e South Tran se pt Of York M i n ste r .

TH RI I E PA SH . 5

' Giﬁ ard advowson of the living, which Walter , his successor,

’ granted to the Priory of S . Clement s on the death of the

Rector , Arnold de Berkeley . This Priory was a Benedictine

Ar hurst an 1 1 0 Nunnery, founded by chbishop T in 3 it

Cle m e nthor e stood to the east of p , not far from the modern

at e Ske ld e rg Bridge . The Abbess and Nuns retained the Patronage and the Rectorial tithes with some land in the

Parish until the Dissolution of the Monasteries , when they were seized by the Crown . The ﬁrst Vicar, William de

C a in h am 1 2 86 . y g , was instituted in A list of his succes w sors ill be found on a later page , in the table which Shows that the patronage returned to the Archbishops in Arch

’ in 1 2 bishop Blackburn s time , who 7 9 recovered it after

Of an alienation nearly ﬁve hundred years , by giving

Braff erton in exchange to the Crown .

I d e e d 2 2 n d 1 2 1 By a dated March , 4 , Archbishop Gray conveyed the house and gardens and the rest of the property to the Dean and Chapter of York, who were bound to deliver it over to the Archbishop , for the time being, on a payment of ten marks annually for the salary wi of the Chantry Chaplain . It was a se precaution, and perhaps natural for one who had been the intimate associate

Of King John , for it was a common practice of the monarchs in those times to seize Episcopal Estates when there was a vacancy (and sometimes when there was not) , on account of their large revenues . The arrangement still

: continues as soon as an Archbishop dies , the Dean and

Chapter enter on possession , and thanks to it, Bishopthorpe has been preserved to the See , whilst so much of the

Archiepiscopal property has been lost .

’ “ P in u a s R s S s Soc . 1 2 . ( 1 ) rinted f ll , Gr y egi ter ( urtee iety), p 9 R 1 6 HISTORY OF BISHO PTHO PE .

The Dean and Chapter nominated and maintained ’ the Chantry Priest, whose duty it was , by Gray s bequest, “ to celebrate Mass in the Chapel of Thorpe S . Andrew

Of for the souls John , late King of England , and of him ” the said Archbishop , and of all faithful deceased . He probably also assisted the Vicar in his duties , and lived in

l e the Chantry House , which stood in what is now the Vicarag garden , close to the south side of the old Church . It is

Old d wn marked in or nance maps , and was only pulled do in 1 82 2 by Mr . Vernon Harcourt . A large stone still marks ’ the site . A list of the Chaplains is given in Torres and will be found on a later page . Under the feudal system all land was owned nomin ally by the King, and local proprietors were considered his tenants . The country was divided into what was called “ ’ ” i Knights Fees , consisting of a vary ng area of land, the

0 annual value of which was £2 . The holder or tenant of these was bound in return to do homage to the King,

and to be ready to serve him in war when called upon .

It was very important, therefore , for our monarchs to have

exact accounts of lands and landlords throughout England, and these Surveys or Inquests supply much valuable local

we information , and to them naturally turn to see what light they throw upon the history of our own parish . Kirby’s Inquest ” is such a survey of the county of Ki ’ York made for this purpose for Edward I , by the ng s

1 8 - Treasurer , John de Kirkby, in the year 2 4 5 , not many

Of years after Walter Gray had bought the Manor Thorpe . The earliest copy of this Inquest is in the Registry of the

Dean and Chapter of York, and has been printed by the

’ 1 To s 2 8. ( ) rre f. 3 1 THE PARI SH . 7

Surtees Society . We ﬁnd in it the following record

Tb orp A nd rew — In this town there are 4 carucates 2 of land, of which Robert Bustard holds carucates of

‘ ’ the King in capite , at a rental of 4 marks per annum ; and the Archbishop holds 1 0 oxgangs of the fee of Luttrell ; of which Robert Hold eb e rt holds 6 oxgangs of Richard Malebys of the honour of Eye ; and the Prior ’ ”

A 1 . of S . ndrew s , of York, holds 7 acres of the same The same volume 2 of the Surtees Society contains a copy ’ 1 0 2 - of the Knights Fees in Yorkshire for the year 3 3, which gives almost the same particulars as the preceding , except that Robert H olde b e rt seems to have relinquished 6 his oxgangs to the Archbishop . It runs as follows

hor In T p Andrew there are 4 carucates of land , of 3 1 6 . which Robert Bustard holds oxgangs Thomas ,

‘ ’ Archbishop of York , holds of the King in capite , paying a rent of 4 marks for all . Thomas , Archbishop of York ,

1 0 Of 6 holds oxgangs , which are of the fee of Luttrell ,

Malebi and 4 are of the fee of s of Eye . Also the Prior of Saint Andrew’s and several others hold 6 oxgangs of ” Malebi Of s &c . &c . the fee of Eye , It is difﬁcult to reconcile this with the Domesday record ; but if we compare the two , we must suppose that ’ Robert Malet s land had passed to the Malbis family, and

’ that Richard son of Erfast s two carucates were divided between the Bustards and the Archbishop of York . The extra carucate I do not know how to account for .

“ - 1 S s Soc vol. 1 . . 2 2 . ( ) urtee iety, x ix , pp 3 4

2 2 1 ( ) p . 7 .

- T o as Co r rc s o 1 0 0 1 0 . (3) h m de rb idge, A hbi h p 3 3 4 1 8 I TORY OF I T H S B SHO P HORPE .

1 8 . In 3 5 , while Richard II was in York on his way “ to Scotland , a sad event took place in the ﬁelds of Bishop

” I ’ thor e p , which is best recorded in Canon Raine s words A quarrel began between the retainers of Sir John Hol ’ land , the King s half brother, and those of Sir Ralph f f Sta ford , the son and heir of the Earl of Sta ford . One ’ of Holland s servants was killed by an arrow, and when his master heard the news , he rushed wildly out of his ff lodging, eager for revenge . Young Sta ord , who had nothing to do with the brawl , unhappily came in his way, and was at once killed . The slayer ﬂed to Beverley for fﬁ sanctuary, and the King deprived him of his o ces and

’ lands , and banished him from the kingdom . Holland s mother , the fair maid of Kent , was so troubled at the disaster that she took to her bed and died in four or

int e rve n ﬁve days . He was afterwards pardoned at the

” 2 tion of the Duke Of Lancaster . I have discovered little else worth relating in the history of the parish during the fourteenth and ﬁfteenth centuries , save in connection with the Manor House , whose story is told in a later chapter . Probably there was little to record “ In uisition e s in the quiet life of the little Village . The q fﬁ post mortem , preserved in the Record O ce , give us the

names of various landholders , chief among whom were the

successive Archbishops and the Bustards , whose property 3 passed eventually by marriage to the Clifton family . In

’ “ a s o ac . 1 0 . ( I ) Dr ke Eb r um , p 5

’ “ ” 2 Ra s o . . ( ) ine Y rk , p 77

“ ” “ ” S t s Soc vol. lv1 1 . R s of Co s C s . . (3) ur ee iety, egi ter rpu hri ti Guild , p 34 8 R a on a a o of Bust ard th or e t o i s Wilstro e In 1 4 4 lph Clift gr nted the M n r p M le p ,

il t r e . s . of W s o E q , p

0 I TORY OF I O R 2 H S B SH PTHO PE . for he was never here ; and his immediate successors were fﬁ advanced Reformers , who would not have much di culty in impressing their opinions on their own small parish . There was no religious house to be sacked or despoiled by the agents of Henry VIII , and the Archbishops suc ce e de d in retaining the Manor House , while most of their other residences were alienated from the See . Pontefract P riory owned some ten or twelve acres in the parish , as

I appears from a re nt al made at the time of the Dissolution of the Monasteries . It is not unlikely that this land was part of the spoil obtained by Archbishop Holgate , and the same with which he endowed his hospital at Hems worth , to which it belonged until the end of the last

Cle m enth or e wi century . The p Priory House and Land , th rights of ﬁshing in the River , were granted to Edward

Skipton in 33 Henry VIII , and seem to have passed to

. 1 Sir A Darci , and from him in 54 3 to Richard Goldthorp ,

2 an Alderman of York .

The Chantry in the Chapel was abolished, along with

The all similar endowments , in the reign of Henry VI . following is a copy of the certiﬁcate issued by the King’ s Commissioners3 in 1 54 8 ‘ “ There is no preist f ounde in the seid parishe of Bussopthorpe for assist aunce in serving the cure b e syde s

4 n omb e r one the vicar , having housling people to the of hundred .

1 w ﬁi e ( ) No in the Record O c .

“ 2 C . s F inium o s rc e o o ca and To o a ca ( ) f Pede , in Y rk hire A h l gi l p gr phi l

- ssoc a o R co S s vol. . . 1 0 1 0 A i ti n e rd erie , ii , pp 3 5 .

c s o o a Ro C a o T o as ar av and (3) Ar hbi h p H lg te , bert h l ner, h m G gr e , Henry av l S y l.

' a s . o s o z .e . Co ca s Sa o lzusel The ss E c (4) H u ling pe ple , mmuni nt ( x n , Ble ed u h ri t) TH RI 1 E PA SH . 2

I ’ w neb anke in comb e nt th XI Anthony S y , , of age of

Kin e s Ma e stie annuall yeres , hath of the g j an pension of over and b e syd e s the profﬁtt s of the said

ie chaunt r .

s ii lt e x di . . Goods , ix ; Plate , j onces , parcell gy

e rel annuall The y y value in rent , with other proﬁts , ' ’ i Zz xii s iii o ie v hold . . C o j , j , j pp nil

he rof W . resolutes and deductions by yere , nil

The Chantry House , with garden, croft, and meadow

al Wolﬂe t e th was sold to one W ter , July 2 5 , We should like to know whether any Of the parish ion e rs joined in the Pilgrimage of Grace , or the other great Yorkshire risings ; and whether Parson Preston used

- 1 the new English Prayer Book on Whit Sunday, 54 9 , and what his congregation thought of it ; or of the change back again to the Latin services , when Mary succeeded Edward ; but alas ! no one of them has recorded his impressions of those changeful days . By a stroke of good fortune Bishopthorpe just escaped being granted to one

’ z 1 of Eli abeth s favourites in 5 7 7, as I have related later in the history of the Manor House . The discovery of the Gunpowder Plot in 1 60 5 must

e di hav caused much excitement here , if local tra tion be true that Guy Fawkes was born in the Chantry House . “ The house opposite the Church , says Gent, is said to ” be the birthplace of Guy Fawkes . The famous con ’

5 irat or . p was educated at S Peter s School , and his father

of C a r . ( I ) i . e. the h nt y

“ ” 2 Yo s a rv s Sur s Soc vol. c . . 6 . ( ) Cf rk hire Ch ntry Su ey ( tee iety) , x ii , p 37

’ 2 8. (3) Torres f. 3 I TORY O F I T OR 2 2 H S B SHOP H PE .

’ was a Proctor in the Archbishop s Court , and the register

- le - of his baptism may still be seen in S . Michael Belfry

Church .

Both James I , and Charles I , stayed here as guests of the Archbishops more than once , and must have been known to the villagers by sight . Which side our parish ione rs took in the great Civil War is not recorded . The

1 6 Manor House was unoccupied after 4 2 for four years ,

Archbishop Williams having ﬂed to Wales . We do not read of any ﬁghting actually within the parish , but there was plenty within sight and hearing . In

‘ 1 644 the Scots contingent of the Parliamentary army was encamped at Bishopthorpe and Middlethorpe , whence they assisted in the blockade of York . A bridge of boats was

c omm unica made over the Ouse , and there was constant tion with the troops quartered on the other side of the

2 River at Fulford . In the next parish of Acaster Malbis “ we read that the Scotchmen ate all the sheep , kine , and

Of swine to the value and the landlord , Lord e Fairfax of Gilling, found it n cessary to forgive his ’ tenants a whole year s rent in consequence . Three years later the Archbishop ’ s house and property were sold to

Colonel Walter White , who became Lord of the Manor , and lived here till the Restoration , while the Vicarage was occupied by a Presbyterian minister , Mr . Ellwood .

The Archbishops Of York have been Lords of the

1 6 - 1 66 Manor , with this brief interval of 4 7 2 , ever since

’ - 1 C . Sir C . a a s a a . 1 1 . ( ) f M rkh m F irf x, pp 39 44

“ 2 C . a a Co s o c vol. . . 2 1 0 . ( ) f F irf x rre p nden e , iii , p RI THE PA SH . 2 3

’ 1 88 e Walter Gray s time , though since 2 the estates hav been administered by the Ecclesiastical Commissioners .

Old The Court used to be held twice every year, in nl April and October , but is now held in October o y, pre “ ceded by a View day The fact that it is called Court ” “ ” Leet as well as Court Baron , shows that it once had d criminal jurisdiction , with the power of life and eath .

The boundary between Bishopthorpe and Acaster, in the ” Acaster Lane , is marked as Gallow Gate , and an adjoin ” ing ﬁeld is known as Gallow Field .

The earliest records of the Court that I can discover,

Old are contained in an book at the Palace , which consists of loose sheets of paper sewn together, beginning at the wrong end . It is much injured by damp , and the writing fﬁ is in parts very di cult to read . It contains an account

Of 1 6 1 1 6 of the proceedings the Court from 7 to 39 , some

b ut . times in Latin , more often in English The list of u the J rors is always given , and generally the names of the “ Assessors and of the Parish Constable , with the pains and penalties . The Court exercised its jurisdiction over the

Manor , with special regard to the Copyholders , whose sur

Of renders and admittances formed a great part the business .

Fines were inﬂicted , generally for letting cattle stray or for neglecting hedges and ditches ; but there are still traces

1 6 of the greater powers of the Old Court Leet . In 2 2 “ Several boys were presented for playing at the cross bones ” on the Sabbath day contrary to the statute , and ﬁned

Sixpence each . Publicans were ﬁned sometimes for not f di ” a for ng ale when it was required, sometimes for not

1 6 0 selling it at the regulated price , which in 4 was one penny per quart . There are several cases of assault and R 2 4 HISTORY OF B ISHO PTHO PE .

“ slander , and a common accusation is that of harbouring strangers or relations without permission . There seems to have been a strong objection to the ducking stool , for there are several complaints of the town being without “ ” Scold e s S one for punishing of , but in pite of complaints and even of ﬁnes , none was provided . The earliest list of jurors in 1 6 1 7 is as follows :

Jacobus Godson Georgius Headley Georgius Ann ot son Georgius Bullock Thomas Stockdale Thomas Pinder Geo : E arbye Stephanus Beckwith

’ Jos : Pulle yn RiCus Myers Petrus Lester RiEus Jackson

s Heur Lester Georgius H andson Guido Ferrym an

i The book is worth study, for it helps to g ve a quaint insight into the old village life in the seventeenth

century .

The later Court Rolls are in the keeping of the ’ Archbishop s Secretary , at York , who acts as Steward of

the Manor . The Church retained its discipline until the middle of

the last century , not only for the Clergy but for the Laity, and off enders were liable to be presented at the annual ’ w Archdeacon s Visitation , as is shown by the follo ing

I extracts from the Re cords in the Diocesan Registry at York .

“ ” 1 o s c a o o ca o a a v . 2 2 8. ( ) Printed in the Y rk hire Ar h e l gi l J urn l , p rt l iii , p By

ca . Mr. S ife THE PARISH . 2 5

’ The e s y want the two tomes of the Homilies , Erasmu

C om m aundm e nt e s Paraphrase , the table of the Tenne ,

’ l nn e n a y clothe to the table , with a cover ; the Queen s

chaun cell d e caie : injunctions . The is in great it is to be repaired by the Queene , Mr . Turner , for his

wiff e . . . , Mr Jackson and Sir Wm Fairfax Thomas

’ ’ H axo e s Wicliﬁ e s w f e pp wife a skold , and James y

— wr t e sh e r f e litle better . Mem to y unto the y s of ye cittie of Yorke— that the said Jane [wife of Tho

viz d Haxo un she d . : car e pp] may be p y , to be y throughe the cyttie of York t om orrowe [Aug : 2 0 ]

I m arke tt t m e the we in the y , upon the heretofore used

b eh alf e An d in this . afterwards upon Sonday next to make a Re cognycion of her offence in Bussh oppe

churche se rv ce t m e whom e thorpe , in y y , declaring f she hath o fended by and with her tonge , and ask them f orgyve n e s in such mann er and forme as shalb e [appointed].

Against the churchwardens — They wante a b yble and a comm unyon boke ; the parishioners are negli

comm n e e ve n n e gente in y g to y g prayer, and in

n in e cathe ch e d se d g their youth to be ys . Henry Ne wst e ad e for Sle pin ge in se rvyce time— ordered to

ari he churche — : confess his falte in the p s . Christ

Mo se r t alkin e se rv ce : y , for g in y time to make a f declaration of his of ence , after service be ended ,

before the minister , the churchwardens , and eight

other persons .

’ 1 z c s o ( ) . e. u t m . T F I T R HIS ORY O B SHOP HO PE .

Mickle at e Trinity, g , parish Henry Wilkinson refuseth to pay his ce sm e nt e to the repair of ’ Busho thor e churche am ountin e I 6a p p , g to . Thomas 1 Drin howse s 1 2 — Smith of g , refuseth to pay 2 cessed

Busho thor e churche to the repaire of p p , for his

arrable . : 2 and pasture ground Sept 3, Thomas Smyt h alledged— that the grounds whe rfore the said ’ assessment was made time out Of man s memorie hath bene and yet is part and parcell of the demeanes and groun d e s belonging and appe rt e ynyn ge

to the m annor of Dringhouses . Against Tho . Bus

Of hell , esq . , and Cuthbert Fairfax Acaster, farmers of the rectory — The chancel of the churche is in

great decay . Thos . Lougher , clerk , sequestrator . Fairfax undertook to make proof that he is dis

chance ll charged from the repairing of the said .

Good e re . John y , of Middlethorpe , Thos Taite , of the

same place , and Margaret Cotes , of Bishopthorpe ,

widow, refuse to contribute to the repaire of the

churche . Thomas Lougher, minister there , haith

e ue t racio admissio nether s q s nor to serve the cure .

The chancell is in great decay .

Pulle in e Against John and Geo . Bullock , church

— wardens They want a Bible of the new translation , with a cloth and a cushion for the pulpit ; and the

churchyard fence is not well maintained .

m ou ht on . 1 6 1 . . 9 Against Thos S g and Robt Vase , church wardens - Their churchyard and church are all ruinous and like utterly to be ruined by reason of

8 2 HISTORY OF BISHO PTHORPE .

Bishopthorpe , as elsewhere , nearly all the land had previously been open , only marked out by boundary stones (such as we still see in the Fulford Ings) or balks of turf. This

0 0 was now staked out for enclosure , 4 acres on the Moor

0 2 0 0 or Common , 5 acres in the Ings , and acres in four “ ” large Common fields . The Near West Field stretched north of the Back Lane from the Palace kitchen - gardens across Sim Balk Lane , almost up to Middlethorpe Grange ; the “ Far West Field ” contained the rest of the land north “ of the Copmanthorpe Lane up to Providence Green . ” The other two , called the Near South Field and the Far ” South Field , extended on both sides of Acaster Lane , being bounded by the present cricket field and village on the north , by the field lane to Acaster on the west, by Acaster parish on the south , including the portion now on the other side of the railway, and by the Ings on the east . The cricket field was an Old enclosure belonging to the

I Award Mitford family . The was made by three Commis sione rs , who ﬁxed the boundaries and laid down rules for

O . the fencing and draining, which are still bserved

How Archbishop Drummond pulled down the Old

1 6 . Church in 7 3, I have recorded elsewhere In the same year a School House was built by John Crosby2 on the

’ Lord s Waste . Where the children were educated before this time , or whether they were educated at all , I cannot 2 say, though there still remains a small endowment of £

1 6 per annum , given in 93 by Thomas Earby, towards a

’ ( I ) A copy of the Award is in the Oﬂice of the Archbish op s Secretary in

o . The o a is I a os . Y rk rigin l , fe r , l t

2 oa s r . ( ) v. B rd in the Ve t y

THE PARISH . 2 9

’ schoolmaster s salary . The present School was built close

A 1 8 6 to the old one by rchbishop Harcourt , in 4 , on manorial

Old land . He also rebuilt the house , which he ﬁtted up as

’ a Girls School , and residence for the master . It became

1 8 dilapidated and unﬁt for use , and in 93 it was sold, the proceeds going towards a new class -room which was built f “ in that year . The School still goes by the name O the

’ Of Archbishop York s School , and the Archbishop for the time being is the sole trustee and largest subscriber to its funds , though other residents in the parish contribute to the expenses .

1 8 8 The main village drain was made in 2 , under the A direction of Mr . Raisin , rchbishop Harcourt bearing the larger share of the cost . It is unfortunate that it should have been taken through the churchyard, as it prevented a large part of it from being used . A row of poplars on the south side of the village was

- dm 1 82 . planted in 9 , and became a well known lan ark More

w 1 881 than thirty of them were taken do n in , as they had become unsafe ; and it was only just in time, for the great

October gale of that year came a few weeks after . Before the time of railways there was a regular service

Of steam packets , which passed daily backwards and forwards u between York and Hull . They used to pick ppassengers

’ at the Bishopthorpe Ferry between 7 and 8 o clock in the morning ; and this was the quickest and cheapest route to a London , for the coach took from four d ys to a week over

as the journey . The main line of the North E tern Railway with its swing bridge over the river to Naburn , which cuts

nd 1 8 1 . the parish , was opened on January 2 , 7 30 HISTORY O F BISHO PTHORPE .

1 In 1 866 the Ecclesiastical Parish was enlarged by the

2 addition of part of the adj oining township of Middlethorpe . The new boundary runs from the river a little to the north

of east the Manor Farm , along Middlethorpe Common , to just beyond the Grange Farm in Sim Balk Lane . Gas was

1 86 brought from York to the Village in 7 , and it is now used in almost every cottage . The lamps in the street were erected

1 8 . in the Diamond Jubilee year, 9 7 We owe them to the energy of our Parish Council , which has also provided a cricket ﬁeld and additional allotments , both of which were much needed . The York Water Supply was brought into

1 8 8 use by order of the District Council in 9 , most of the village wells having been condemned as unsafe . Since that time the Palace Water Tower, built by Archbishop Thomson

1 86 . in 3, has not been used

1 an O Co c a a rd 1 866 . ( ) By rder in un il d ted Febru ry 3 ,

2 Ta o old cc s as ca Par s of S . a s o S o ( ) ken fr m the E le i ti l i h M ry , Bi h phill eni r, o in Y rk . P E I I C H A T R .

THE FIRST CHURCH .

know very little about the old Church . It was probably built by the Prior and Monks of

’ S . Andrew s at the beginning of the thirteenth

century . If so , the Architecture was Early

English , and the Piscina previously mentioned tends to

. 1 68 conﬁrm this If, as is likely, the second Church of 7 was built on the old foundations , its predecessor was cruciform in plan , but unfortunately no description or picture of it is to be found . Among the manuscripts ‘ in Lambeth Palace Library there is a Bishopthorpe Inventory of Church goods , together f with those of Healaugh , Ru forth and Acomb , made in

1 n March , 54 9 . We give it here ; and it is interesti g as showing what ornaments were in common use at the beginning of the third year of Edward VI , just before the publication of the ﬁrst Prayer Book . If they were in ” “ use then , they were so in the second year .

“ ’ “ I MS No . 6 6 . P P acoc s C c . 2 6 . ( ) S 9 rinted in e k hur h Furniture , p 4 I TOR F I T 32 H S Y O B SHO P HORPE .

B YSSOPTH ORPE . The inventorie of all the goods and ornaments

B sso thor e belonging unto the Church of y p p , made by us

Vi ars William Preston , vicar, Thomas Leeds , Thomas g ,

t acson churchwardens , Mas er Gye J , Richard Elwood, the ij day of March in the iij yer Of the raigne of Edward the Sexte , by the grace of God , of England , France and

&c . Ireland , King ,

: Of Item on chalis sylver not gylt .

: xe Of Item on py latton .

' : lat t ﬁ Item a payre of .

: i t e le Item j bells hanging in the s p . l tt l Item : one y e l sacring bell .

: wat e rf at Item one holly t of tynne .

I : c rue tt tem one of pewter .

Item : one Chrismatory of pewter .

: ve llr Item one y cope .

: wh t fust n 3 Item one y y vestment with a redd Cross , A to the lbe belonging .

: Old Item an vestment without Albe .

: iii Old A Item j lter Clothes .

i t owe ll Item : j old s .

Item : on Corporas cloth and Ij t asslys .

Item : one lytt e ll f rontle tt of ffustian .

Item : on gre yn e vestment with Albe .

’ One of the saddest scandals of Edward s short reign was the attempt in 1 55 2 to enrich the impoverished Treasury by the conﬁscation of Church goods . For this purpose

ff ( 1 ) George or Geo rey .

(2 ) C andlesticks .

° 1 e as (3) . . Ch uble .

I T RY F I 34 H S O O B SHOPTHORPE .

1 66 Day, 2 . There is no record of the institution of a vicar

1 6 - until 75 , and the parish for those twenty three years may have been in charge of the curate , Humphrey Simpson ,

’ 1 6 who is mentioned in the Archdeacon s Visitation of 74 .

“ Drake , who published his great work Eboracum , a history of the City of York and the neighbourhood , in

1 6 7 3 , mentions our old Church , but unfortunately gives no

I rd . re co s description of it He , however, two of the monu

in 1 68 e mental inscriptions , destroyed 7 , which wer as follows

H l e th h e os ﬂow of o in sin was s ere y wh e er y uth pent , o ac of t h e But , thr ugh gr e Deity, In a e a s h e e g e rne tly did rep nt , And s e i s o od tru t d n Chri te fr m G being sent . Exp e cting n ow with Saints alo ne Th e o for com n e Of e s s t o o l nged y g J u d me . Rob e rtus Brigh ous qui d ie v a a a xxx . it mut t ob . Aug A D 1 . . 579 .

An d Dep ositum Rich ard i Brat e wayt ﬁlii Ed ward i a wa e t A a xo s e us Br th yt n n e u ri j ,

o 2 2 d ie . 1 6 qui biit Sept 73.

There appear to have been aisles or transepts , for a certain Grace Brown was buried in “ the south alley ” i 2 in 1 70 3. The Reg sters record that a gallery was erected

1 0 0 b e autiﬁ e d in 7 , and that the choir was and repaired in

1 0 . 7 7, the lay rectors sharing in the cost

Old The Church , which had stood here for more than ﬁve hundred years , and in which through all the changes of Church and State so many generations of parish

I 8 - 8 ( ) pp . 3 3 3 4

2 an s ss a 2 o c s o S a . ( ) By As e ment laid on the P rishioners . £ fr m Ar hbi h p h rpe THE FIRST CHURCH . 35

1 6 8. ion e rs had worshipped , was entirely pulled down in 7

Not a trace of it was left , unless it be a few fragments of columns and arches which are to be found in the neigh b ourin g gardens . Even the very monuments seem to have been destroyed ; we should like to know what became of them and of the bells . The old font , if local tradition be n! correct , is now in Askham Brya Church , four miles away . w It was an act of vandalism that we may ell deplore , but it was unfortunately a period which had little architectural

th — taste or respect for e sacred traditions of the past . It is very likely that the building was in sad need of repair, but it is difﬁcult to believe that it might not have been preserved and still standing, had it only met with kinder treatment . 1 35 81 1 4

But this was not so , and this brings us to the history of

THE SECOND CHURCH

1 68 which was built on the same site in 7 , as soon as its

n predecessor was pulled dow . Archbishop Drummond bore

660 . F e most of the cost , giving the timber and £ The oﬂ

1 1 Charity was leased for forty years , which produced £ 0 for the purpose , and a few of the parishioners subscribed , as is recorded on a tablet in the vestry . The building was entirely of brick , the walls being only fourteen inches thick, with ordinary sash windows . The east window was an

exception , for its stonework was brought from the ruined

Chapel of Cawood Castle . The vicar at the time was the

De alt ar Rev . John y, whose monument is to be seen on the

I all north w of the choir . It has the following inscription

1 Now at w s of Ne w ( ) the e t end the Church . 6 I TORY OF I 3 H S B SHOPTHORPE .

To th e Mem o ry of o De alt ar J hn y, M . A . Rector of Barnb orough in t h e County Of York Prebenda ry of Stillingt on in th e C athedral of York and during t h e time Of n e arly fo rty years ca of s Pa s Vi r thi ri h . H e died on t h e 3oth of April 1 79 7 in t h e 89th year of his age ; an d of Ann De alt ary his widow wh o e on the 1 6 of Se t r 1 81 in t h e th a of h e r a e di d th p 5 9 7 ye r g , also o f J ohn De alt ary their son wh o died on the 5th o f M arch 1 76 7 in th e 2 I st a i e ye r of h s ag .

1 6 Archbishop Drummond died in 7 7 , and was buried beneath the altar of his Church , as is recorded in the Latin inscription to his two infant grand- daughters on the

I wall w : south chancel , of which the follo ing is a translation

Beside th e remain s of th e ir Grandfather Robert Archbishop of York beneath th e Table Of t h e Lord rest Eli z abe th an d Mary D aughters of Edwa rd Auri ol Drummond Prebendary of York an d of Eli z abeth his wife aged ﬁ ve m onths an d three years Eliz ab e th died on th e 1 4th of December Mary on th e 2 8h of N ovember In t h a of o 1 e ye r Our L rd 786 . In the ﬁrst volume of the Parish Registers there is a ’ De alt ar s ground plan of the Church , in Mr . y handwriting, showing the arrangement Of the seats about this time “ ” The singers sat on either side of the altar , and . there were four large pews in the chancel . The Archbishop with his family and servants occupied the whole of the north transept , and opposite them were the

( 1 ) Now in the Ne w Church . RC THE SECOND CHU H . 37

’ reading desk, pulpit and clerk s seat , with places for “ ” young men and strangers behind them . The rest of the parishioners occupied the west end of the nave — the font standing in the centre of the Church . The ﬁrst Church had stood for more than ﬁve hundred ” years ; its successor had become ruinous , says Canon “ 1 8 Dixon, in little more than seventy years and in 4 2

Archbishop Harcourt spent in restoration , putting in a new roof, ﬂoor and seats , and adding the south vestry (afterwards the organ chamber) , and the porches to the transepts , outside which his arms are carved . Stone mullions took the place of wooden sashes in the

- windows , and the stone west front with the bell turret

- above , was built in the quasi gothic style of the period . At the same time the river wall was rebuilt and strength

e ened . The windows wer ﬁlled with stained glass by

Wailes of Newcastle , who was considered the best artist for such work in his day, though it is now easy to criticize w their poor dra ing and crude colouring . In the east window were represented the four Evangelists , and in the

ohn small upper lights S . Paul , S . J Baptist , with two other

Saints and two Angels . The south transept window had A Our Lord, with S . Peter on His right and S . ndrew

Asce n on His left , and above them the Baptism and the

O sion . The north transept window was in memory f

Archbishop Harcourt , and contained his arms and initials ; the smaller windows of the nave and west end were ﬁlled with patterned glass . There were mural monuments ‘ in the body of the

Church to members of the Steward family , and to Colonel

ow in Ne w c ( I ) N the Chur h . I T 38 HISTORY OF B SHOP HORPE .

Towers , who lived and died at Middlethorpe Manor . The Archbishop used to occupy a large pew which ﬁlled the greater part of the north side of the Church , surrounded A by his family and household . rchbishop Harcourt was wont to enter the Church in great state , preceded by four liveried footmen . He refused to allow an organ to be ” wn r o . e ected , saying that people should use their organs

His chair, made from the oak of the Minster roof after

1 82 the great ﬁre of 9 , stands now in the sanctuary of the new Church . The present throne was given by Arch bishop Musgrave , and his arms are carved upon it . The

1 86 8 1 8 Church was lighted with gas in , and in 72 the old

O oak pews were taken away, and were replaced by pen pitchpine seats . Several other alterations were made at

re - the same time , and there was a great opening by 2 th Archbishop Thomson on August 7 in that year, when the sermon was preached by Dr . Alfred Barry, then Canon of Worcester

A small organ , costing £53, was placed in the gallery

1 8 in 5 7 ; this was sold and replaced by another in 1 860 . A third took its place when Archdeacon Basil Jones was vicar, and was built in the chancel aisle , which had been the vestry . The present organ was bought when the

Rev . R . Blakeney was vicar , and in this year the new vestry on the north side was built . The Parish Magazine tells us that the Sunday Evening

1 866 Service was begun in February , , the change from the afternoon being made by the Vicar “ in accordance with the ” known wishes of the great majority of the parishioners . I do not know how ancient the early service is which is

held at the commencement of the harvest . The ﬁrst THE SECOND CHURCH . 39 mention that I can ﬁnd is in the summer number of the

1 86 Parish Magazine for 3, when notice of it is given as if

- it were an old established custom . It was given up after

’ 1 8 wi Archdeacon Jones s time , but was revived in 9 2 , th very

- 1 a . m . satisfactory results . It is held at 5 5 P C HA T E R I I I .

VICARAGE HOUSE AND VICARS . HE Vicarage was established by Archbishop Giff ard

1 2 6 in 9 , when he gave the Rectory to the Priory

of S . Clement . So far as we can tell the house

‘ has always stood on the present site . Drake , “ following Torre , says the Vicar was to have for the portion of his Vicarage that whole mansion , with its gardens and

’ vir ult H alid a s g , which lies between the house of Ralph y ,

c & . ; together with the two sections of land on the outside of

’ ir l v u t . the said garden southward , and abutting the said g He shall also receive the whole proﬁts of the alt e rage of the Church , and two marks per annum out of the chamber

’ of the Priory quarterly ; and on every Lord s Day have one refectory in their house . The said Prioress and Nuns shall pay all archiepiscopal and archidiaconal dues ; ﬁnd books and ornaments of the Church ; and bear all other burthens thereof at their own cost . Only the vicar shall repair the chancel when need requires ; but at the new ” own building thereof shall bear only his proportion .

“ ’ “ I o ac . 8 . C : To 2 E s MSS . . . ( ) b r um , p 3 3 f rre , f 3 5

4 2 HISTORY OF B ISHOPTHORPE .

boundary stones are still in the Vicarage garden , marked = = W. C . W . V. ( William Vernon) , ( William Cust) and which I suppose stands for Raisin , the name of an eccentric

Old . gentleman , who built the house next door to the west

The old towing-path passed between Chantry House

n d r a the Church out into the lane , and when the Chant y House was pulled down it was closed and became part of the churchyard . The present lane to the ferry was then made through the ﬁelds at the back of the Vicarage . The

I f e rry was opened at the end of the eighteenth century by

O the tenant of the Chantry, who btained leave from the then

Mr . Key, of Water Fulford , to land passengers on the other side of the river ; thus the right of way across the Ings

came to be established . The man had bought his boat in

- ﬁshin an d 1 8 the ﬁrst instance for eel g, in 79 , when corn

d 1 0 was worth a guinea per bushel , he sol £ worth of eels in York .

- The Rev . W . Vernon (afterwards Vernon Harcourt) ,

son of the Archbishop , was twice Vicar of Bishopthorpe ,

exchanging each time with Canon Dixon . He was a man

of considerable mark in his day, especially in the scientiﬁc

world , and a great friend of the more famous Sydney

Smith , himself for some years a Yorkshire vicar . The latter wrote the following amusing lines on his friend ’s

honeymoon , which was spent in the Lakes , making fun of

his geological tastes .

“ ” 1 o MSS. . 2 8. ( ) Cf . Dix n p

“ 2 ( ) Dixon MSS. AN D THE VICARAGE HO USE VICARS . 4 3

M s t oc s an d e s s c e s an d s s id r k ringl t , pe im n igh , O n w s of a ve o ﬂ s ing r pture e ry m ment ie , H e v ws M a a ov in h e r ie tild , l ely prime, The n ﬁ nds sulphuri c acid mixed w ith lime ! G a s o h e r ove f ace th e s o a ra u rd fr m l ly l r y ,

An d ﬁ s his oc s w a v a c a ll p ket ith llu i l l y . Sc e c an d ov s ac his o a i n e l e di tr t t rtured he rt , Now ﬂint s n ow o ss a th e a a , f ndne , t ke l rger p rt An d n ow h e a s a s o n ow e s a a bre k t ne, f el d rt .

Mr . Harcourt was a notable Whig , and one of the two clergy who alone ventured to sign Sydney Smith’ s petition

1 82 to Parliament in 5 , in favour of Roman Catholic Eman

ci at ion . p He was also the father of Sir William Harcourt ,

1 th 1 8 . who was baptized in our Church on November 2 , 2 7

Canon Dixon , who was Vicar of Bishopthorpe from

1 82 1 8 1 8 1 8 4 to 34 , and again from 37 to 54 , was born in

1 8 - 7 3, his mother being half sister to the poet Mason , whose estates he inherited . He was an antiquary of some repute , and compiled materials for a “ History of the Archbishops of Yor which are incorporated by Canon Raine in his “ ” - Eb orace nse s well known Fasti , the preface to which

2 contains a graceful tribute to his memory . He was chap lain successively to Archbishops Harcourt and Musgrave , and the following list of the preferments which they showered on him , shows to what lengths pluralism could go in the early part of this century .

- 1 81 5 36 Prebendary of the ﬁfth stall at Ripon .

- 1 81 8 2 1 Incumbent of Mapleton .

1 8 1 - 2 2 4 Vicar of Wistow .

“ ( 1 ) There is also a sketch of his life in the Surtees Society Memorial s of ” - f R o vol. . . 0 2 o ip n , ii , pp 34 .

’ “ ” 2 R s of S S . 2 2 o t E o . ( ) eed Life ydney mith , p 9 (F ur h diti n) I TOR OF I 4 4 H S Y B SHO PTHORPE .

Perpetual Curate of Cawood .

Vicar of Bishopthorpe .

Vicar of Wistow .

Prebendary of Weighton .

Vicar of Topcliffe . n Ca on Residentiary of York .

- on - - Vicar of Sutton the Forest .

Canon Residentiary of Ripon .

Vicar of Bishopthorpe .

Rector of Etton .

1 8 He died in 54 , and was buried in the York

Cemetery . There are monuments to his memory in the

I chan ce l at Bishopthorpe , and north choir aisle of York

Minster .

Old He is still remembered here , and an parishioner used to relate that at the time of the ﬁrst Reform Bill

1 8 1 1 8 2 in 3 or 3 , when the Bishops were very unpopular for voting against it, a mob came out from York to attack Archbishop Harcourt . Canon Dixon harangued them from the Palace steps , and told them that they would have to pass over him before they entered the house . As he

to was speaking, a bugle was heard sound from the barracks across the river ; the mob imagined that it was a signal for the approach of the soldiers , and beat a hasty retreat . Canon Dixon had the rare merit of writing down all that he heard or read concerning the history of the Church and parish , partly in a note book devoted to the purpose i (now in my possession) , partly in the parish reg sters ;

w ( 1 ) Now at the West E nd o f the Ne Church . TH IC R O AND I E V A AGE H USE V CARS . 4 5

and it is to his thoughtful care that I owe much of the

information contained in this book .

I In 1 82 5 - 6 he pulled down the back part of the old

w - Vicarage and built the present dra ing room , hall , kitchen ,

&c . , with the rooms over them , as well as new stables and

di the outbuil ngs , at a cost of He also laid out

front garden , taking especial pains to arrange the beautiful

d ra - glimpse of the river from the vving room windows . It

is strange that only one window in the house faces south , w and that is upstairs ith a View into the kitchen yard . The bedrooms over the back kitchen were added by

- . re 1 Mr Harcourt on his institution in 834 . The Vicarage was originally endowed with a small portion of tithes and lands , and then with the pittance of two marks paid by the Priory, increased somewhat by fees

ff . and o erings , formed the only income in early days It was

’ VIII S 0 valued at £4 per annum in Henry time , and at £ 2 in the Parliamentary survey in the seventeenth century .

1 0 1 s . 1 1 . In 7 7 it had risen to £ 2 4 5 , of which £ was tithe

Archbishop Blackburn was a great benefactor to us , for

0 0 having recovered the patronage , he gave £4 to increase

1 1 the endowment in 73 . This was met by a similar sum

’ 80 0 from Queen Anne s Bounty , and with the £ a farm was bought at Ryther , which proved a very good investment .

0 b ut It was let at the time for £3 , by the end of the century

1 0 1 8 the rent had risen to £ 0 . This farm was sold in 5 7 by the vicar, Rev . C . F . Smith , for who bought wi s w th thi sum the lower part of the Vicarage garden , hich

“ ( 1 ) Thes e being the dearest years both f or labour and m aterial sinc e t h e

a o . . Pe ce . Dix n p 54 4 6 HISTORY OF B ISHOPTHORPE .

w r I have mentioned , ith the fer y cottage and ﬁeld adjoining, from the Cust family, the farm on the Moor, then called w Long ood farm (or Barleythorpe) , from Mr . Martin Burnell ,

was and other pieces of land in the parish . It not much of a bargain , for the Ryther property was resold for an additional in the auction room . We gather from this that land worth £80 0 in 1 731 was worth in

1 8 5 7 , which was a good time for landowners . Most of the rest of the glebe was allotted to the vicar at the time of

1 the Commons enclosure in 760 . The North Eastern Railway runs through a ﬁeld belonging to the farm just beyond the bridge on the Appleton lane ; for this they had

1 2 s . . to pay £4 53, which brings in £ 3 per annum The income was further increased in 1 866 by an annual grant of

81 £ from the Ecclesiastical Commissioners , thus raising the gross income to the total of £ 2 4 7 per annum . C H A P E R IV“ T .

THE CHURCHYARD . HE little Churchyard is less than half an acre in

extent , and was formerly much smaller . How it

I Served even for this small parish for so many f hundreds of years it is di ﬁcult to say . The same

ground must have been used over and over again , at not

very long intervals . It contains no old tombs or crosses , or if there are any they have long ago sunk into the moist

. 1 6 8 earth About half a rood was added to the west in 7 , d when the second Church was built , and a small a ditional

1 portion in the same direction in 84 2 . The row of Irish

1 8 1 and golden yews was planted in the early summer of 7 ,

u . . nder the care of the churchwardens , Mr T Dixon and

- . . 1 88 Mr Langdale The north east corner was added in 3, the new portion (1 98 square yards) being given by Arch

a bishop Thomson , who reserved part of it for himself and

his family , and it was here that his body was laid to rest

oth 1 8 0 . is on December 3 , 9 The ﬁne granite cross , that

so marked a feature from the river, marks the spot , bearing the following inscription

- T w a s i .e . a o t wo r a a s ( I) here ere thirty eight f milie , b ut hund ed inh bit nt in ’ “ ” c s o r s s a o r s . cas a s was 1 743. Cf Ar hbi h p Her ing Vi it ti n Enqui ie A ter M lbi a a a then much l rger p rish . R 4 8 HISTORY OF B ISHO PTHO PE .

To th e Be loved Memory of T H S N D D W I L L I A M O M O , . c s o of o Ar hbi h p Y rk , t h e a o 1 1 1 81 . B rn F bru ry, 9 o o f G o ce s e an d s o s c a e s o 1 86 1 . C n e r t d Bi h p l u t r Bri t l ,

T a s a t o o a a 1 86 1 . r n l ted Y rk , J nu ry,

H e o s on s as Da 1 8 0 at o o . entered int re t Chri tm y, 9 , Bish pth rpe b The ground is ounded on the east by the Ouse , which has always been its enemy . Large sums of money have been spent upon the wall , which has been built to save the bank from being washed away, and continual repairs are needed owing to the wash of the steam packets . As long ago as 1 6 1 9 the churchwardens were presented at the Archdeacon’ s Visitation for neglecting their duties in

‘ this respect , and a curious ﬁne imposed on certain persons

O in 1 6 2 3 was devoted to the same bject .

1 8 In 9 2 , during the great ﬂood , the churchyard was

1 6 almost entirely under water, and on Sunday, October th , the congregation had to go to the Church through the

Vicarage garden . At the same time the Palace basement was ﬂooded , and a boat was rowed up and down the village f street . Owing to the river, and the di ﬁculty of getting anything like a good foundation , it was regretfully decided to give up the old site for the new Church , and to build it in the new churchyard on the York road . This con tains three roods , and was given by the Ecclesiastical

Commissioners in the old ground being full .

- - I In 1 62 R c a S s . of o in C av and s ( ) 3, i h rd herburn , E q , Mitt n r en , Ellen Greg on “ ” s f or s s c o o f a o r o c a o o T w were pre ented u pi i n dultery f rni ti n t gether . hey ere an d n a c os a w a s c o o a fi o f 0 found guilty pe n e imp ed , fter rd mmuted int ne 1 5 , “ t o o s s s 2 t o be devoted pi u u e . £ 0 of this s um was expended in m ake ing a in a at s o o and f or of C awsey the l ne Bi h pth rpe , defenc e the churchyard there ” “ ” f e . C o s Ar h o R v o s . c molo ical ournal vol. vi . 2 2 fr m the i er f Y rk hire g J , l ii , p 9 .

2 It was c o s c a c s o ac a a on 2 t h 1 8 2 ( ) n e r ted by Ar hbi h p M l g n July 9 , 9 .

C HAPTER V.

T H E T I T H E S .

ithe s HE Rectorial or Great T , which before the

Cle m e nthor e Reformation belonged to the p Priory, passed to the Crown at the Dissolution of the

I old 1 Monasteries . They were s by James I in 6 2 5 to two impropriators , John Hewett and Francis Rayner,

1 0 6 and have remained divided ever since . In 7 they belonged to the Fairfax family of Gilling and to that of

who Whitmore , are recorded as taking their share in some

Church repairs executed at that date . The rule , recorded

— “ in the old Register Book, is as follows When the Church and Chancel was repaired jointly, the parish should pay ” - - three fourths , the rectors one fourth of the bill . The Fairfax share was sold with their property in Bishopthorpe

1 1 and Acaster Malbis to Lady Dawes in 74 , and has passed

2 to her descendant , the present Lord Wenlock . The Whit more share was purchased in 1 7 1 7 by Francis Barlow of

e Middlethorp Hall , and now belongs to Colonel G . Eason

. P. has Wilkinson, J , of Dringhouses Manor, who inherited the Barlow property

1 f is a s C s ( ) A Copy o the Deed in the P ri h he t .

2 o oc h as not co c his f or a a s o ( ) L rd Wenl k lle ted tithe m ny ye r , th ugh he is

still rated f or it . H A P E R I C T V .

T H E R E G I S T E R S .

1 6 HE Parish Registers do not begin until 9 2 , which proves that unfortunately at least one volume

has been lost . This is not surprising when we can ﬁnd no trace of the Parish Chest mentioned in the Terriers of the last century . The Registers are kept in an iron safe at the vicarage , together with the other parish documents , some of which are very valuable .

There is little in the Registers worthy of record here .

1 6 2 - 1 The earliest volume consists of Burials 9 794 , Baptisms

1 6 - 1 1 6 6 - 1 8 9 2 795 , Marriages 9 75 , bound up together . It contains also a curious ground plan of the arrangement

1 68 of the Church and seats after the rebuilding in 7 , and the Terriers of 1 764 and 1 770 . B There are several entries of urials within the Church ,

and of Marriages in the Chapel of the Palace , which is

always described as the Manor House . A new Tithe Barn

1 s was built in 1 72 1 for £2 2 3 . and a new Threshing ' s o Floor in 1 731 for £2 6 . 2 . A new study was added to T 1 HE REGISTERS . 5

1 . the vicarage in 72 2 , chieﬂy at the expense of Dr Blake ,

Archdeacon of York . Mr . Addison enclosed the vicarage “ ” ick e tt 1 1 u s 0 . croft with q fences in 7 His wife , Anne ‘ - Addison , was buried in the south west end of the Church ,

1 behind the door, the 7th of October,

From 1 7 7 7 to 1 794 the Register of Burials records the

Distemper , which proved fatal in each case . There were

- 1 8 1 several deaths from small pox in 7 7 and again in 785 .

1 In 779 , Sarah Brooke , of Foulford , died of sorrow for

Mr . Key .

The old altar plate consisted of a paten , inscribed “ : ohaﬁ Dolb e n Archic 1 Ex don J p Ebor : 6 83. a chalice ,

Dolb e n Archic : Thom os Ex dono Johan , p Pinder ,

° An DO Christopher Kirby, churchwardens , ’ 1 6 833

ﬂa on and a g , “ Mr . John Taylor gave this cup for the Comm u 2 n d nion , Bishopthorpe , June 2 ,

All this disappeared in 1 839 when Archbishop Harcourt gave a new set , consisting of a silver paten , chalice , ﬂagon

- and two alms dishes , on all of which his arms are engraved , with the date . I T OF THE IC RS AND TRO S OF IS O T OR L S V A PA N B H P H PE .

’ w s riory of S . Andre , Arnold de Berkeley Rector York ! i h of o vowso o alt e r chb s op Y rk Ad n b ught by Ab p .W r Gray ’ f . C s vowso iv ff riory o S lement Ad n g en by Abp . Gi ard t o ’ a C a in h am S . C s o Willi m de y g lement Pri ry , York Nic olas de Acaster John de Swy ne R ad ulph us de Sowerby Walter de Stutton R obert Alm ot o s as of os a of o J hn de Brigg M ter the H pit l S . J hn

o aff o a s at R o 1 0 . C : J hn de N ert n B pti t ip n , 37 f Mem ” T o as G a n e sb ur h orials of R o S s h m y g ip n ( urtee Society), - o a vol. . 1 2 1 2 J hn D rell ii , pp . 9 3 Th om as Dighton William Richm an John Pe nre t h J ohn Fletc her Robert Lille William Softly H enry Gurwall R ad ulph us Pale st e r he Crown William Preston ’ a a so C : Tor s P ul M y n ] re f. Thom as Lougher Willia m H awke swort h Mr wo s a [ . E ll od] Pre byteri n ; ej ected in 1 662 H umphrey Simpson Curate George Loupe ll Samuel Daniel Thomas Adams James Addison chbish op of York William Be rd m ore o n De alt ar 2 , J h y R obert M arkh am William Vernon Took the name of Harcourt William Henry Dixon William Vernon H arcourt re -instituted William H enry Dixon Charles Frederick Smith Rector o f Beeford ’ - a as o s s o of S . av s 1 8 1 8 Willi m B il J ne Bi h p D id , 74 97 Walter H udso n R ector of C arlton -in -Li n dric k R c a a c a of o ow a 1 8 1 i h rd Bl keney Vi r Melt n M br y, 9 John R obert Keble off Pe nn m an Wm . Ge rey y H A P E I C T R V I .

A CHURCH AND P RISH CHARITIES .

HE following account of the various small Charities

in the parish may be found useful for reference . There have been two enquiries by the Charity Commissioners : the ﬁrst was held in the second in The Charities are as follows

’ ANNOT N RITY SO S CHA . Thomas Annot son by his Will in 1 6 59 gave to the use and beneﬁt of the poor of the parish , in lieu of the former, a ﬁeld of 2 acres I rood 2 perches was allotted in the Ings

1 60 . in 7 , now let to Mr Walter Johnson for £5 per annum .

The latter has unfortunately been lost , and is in the posses sion of the owner of West End Terrace , where it forms the gardens to the cottages on the right hand side of the lane .

1 1 82 R o vol. . 1 . ( ) 4 ep rt, p 7 4 “ 2 R o s in 1 8 a o ow C ar s for s R ( ) ep rt publi hed 95 , m ng end ed h itie We t iding of ” York . 54 HISTORY OF BISHOPTHORPE .

’ RIC RITY MAU E S CHA .

Richard Maurice in 1 7 1 9 gave 2 0 for the beneﬁt of the poor in the parish , with which a ﬁeld called Eller Close was bought in the Lordship of Cawood and Parish of Wistow, now let to Mr . E . Howden , of Wistow, for £3 per annum .

’ CROSBY s CHARITY .

1 1 0 Chas . Crosby by his Will dated 7th March , 7 7 , left

6s . to the poor of the parish a charge of 2 on three ﬁelds , now belonging to Mr . R . Cundall , of Appleton Roebuck ;

Of 1 also a charge £ on the cottage and garth , belonging to

Mrs . Simpson , daughter of Jos . Wade , now occupied by

Mrs . Gowthorpe .

’ EASBY S CHARITY .

. 1 6 Thos Easby by his Will in 93 gave £2 , to be paid yearly out of his estate at Bishopthorpe to a schoolmaster .

1 1 £ of this is now paid by Lewis Kirk , and £ by the Vicar

t on the garden let to William Johnson . This £2 is paid every year to the School account .

’ R RT RITY HA COU S CHA .

1 8 0 0 Archbishop Harcourt , by his Will dated 4 7 , left £5

1 88 to the poor of Bishopthorpe . This amounted in 3 to

8 2 s . d . f £5 9 3 , which was transferred to the O ﬁcial Trustees of Charitable Funds . It is invested in Consols , the dividends ’ being paid to Beckett s Bank , York .

“ 1 Ca e a C ( ) ll d N nny roft.

V I I I C HA PT E R .

THE CHURCH ESTATE .

O information as t o the origin of this Chari ty can

be found . The property forming the endowm ent

is copyhold of the Manor of Bishopthorpe , and

O 1 6 we only know that it is lder than 2 3, for that is the date of the earliest adm ission recorded in the Court

Rolls . It consists of a house and garden on the south

' of i . . 1 side the v llage , now let to Mr F Taylor for £ 5 per annum ; of one ﬁeld in the Ings , and another in Acaster

. 6 1 1 s . lane , both let to Mr George Scholey for £ per ix s . annum and acres on the Moor, let to Mr Walter

Johnson for 1 2 guineas per annum . According to the old “ e b en e ﬁtt Manor Roll , the incom was to and for the use , ” and repaire of the Church of Bishopthorpe .

In the year 1 86 1 the question was raised by the

' F e oﬂs whether they were justiﬁed in making payments for ordinary purposes connected with the maintenance of

public worship in Church . The Charity Commissioners advised and directed that one -half of the net income of TH RC T T E CHU H ES A E . 5 7 the charity might be appropriated towards ordinary Church expenses , such as had been borne by Church rates . The fencing and keeping up of the churchyard is also a recognized part of the expenditure .

f co - New Feof s are elected by option , except in the

- ofﬁcio case of the vicar , who acts as ex chairman ; from

I time to time they are adm itt e d at the Manor Court . The following are the ﬁrst and last admissions recorded in the Court Rolls

In 1 6 2 3 James Godson Richard Myers Francis Barton George Easby John Ann ot son George Bullock John Gardner Peter Leeds

1 8 In 9 5 Rev . J . R . Keble Walter Lofthouse William Burnell Henry George Smallwood

- f Thomas Dixon Capt . M . Dunnington Je ferson

1 Th e a o Ro s co a a ss o s 1 62 1 2 1 6 1 80 1 82 1 8 ( ) M n r ll nt in dmi i n in 3, 7 3, 7 5 , 5 , 9 , 54 , 1 881 1 8 , 95 . H P E I C A T R X.

THE MANOR HOUSE OF BISHOPTHORPE .

HE old Manor House is the only survivor of the many residences owned and occupied by the Arch f bishops o York before the Reformation . It has a

special interest of its own , for it bears the marks of the diﬂe re nt periods of history through which it has passed , and of the hands of many of the great men who have occupied it . The story of the purchase of the property

1 6 by Walter Gray in 2 2 has already been told . Copies of the charters of purchase still remain , and though it is fﬁ di cult to be certain , it seems that the site of the house and garden with most of the manorial estate was bought from Kirkstall Abbey , and some small portions of the grounds from Robert Bustard . The house and Chapel

1 1 were built by 2 4 , and were in that year handed over by

Gray in trust to the Dean and Chapter of York . He thus describes them in the grant : Mansum nostrum in

An dre ae ae diﬁ ciis ardinis villa de Thorp Sancti , cum , g ,

ae illud ﬁ e ri fe cim us e t vivario , qu infra mansum , omnes THE MANO R HOUSE O F B ISHOPTHORPE . 59

hom inib us re dditib us e t aliis terras cum , , pratis omnibus

e rt in e ntib us h ab uim us ad dictas terras p , videlicet quicquid

An dre ae cu uscun u e in eadem Thorp Sancti , de j q dono

ali uo re t e n e m e nt o anst rali ae fuerit , sine q , ex parte aqu

ae vocat ur Cald e cot e sik e t ductus qu , descendit de bosco de

hor b e rchariam e t T p per in vivarium , de vivario usque ﬂuvium Use ; e t ipsum vivarium cum m ole n dino aquario ill supra ud sito .

’ A considerable part of Gray s house remains , and we can form a good guess as to the arrangement of the rest f i o the building . The south w ng consisted of the existing

Chapel , running east and west , a witness to the taste and A skill of the great rchbishop , who built also the noble south transept of York Minster . The Chapel was more beautiful

: then than now the roof was pitched and gabled , and the west end was not hidden by the business room , but fronted the court with a beautiful Early English west window . Below was a crypt , probably forming another

Old Chapel , the principle being that consecration extended from sky to earth , and the existence of bedrooms above or larder below would have been thought desecration . The doorway at the north- east end of the Chapel opened into

l C the large hal , out of which another door lose by led

s e to a stairca descending to the terrace by the river, so that anyone arriving by water could , if he wished , go

straight to the Hall or Chapel . Peeping through the lancet of the large buttress outside we can still see the

Old newel of the staircase , up which the chantry priests

would go to say their masses for the founder and King John .

’ “ 1 C : a s R is e S t s Soc . 1 . ( ) f Gr y eg t r ( ur ee iety), p 93 60 ISTOR OF IS O T R H Y B H P HO PE .

The central part of the house , running north and

south , consisted chieﬂy of the large dining hall , covering the same area as the present room , but much more lofty, with an open roof and no chambers above . The walls were of arcaded stone as in the Chapel , with a stone bench round , as can be seen by looking behind the wooden panelling at the south end , through the Chapel door . The width of the house was that of this hall and the

zle . passage outside , narrower than the present building by

w - the width of the dra ing room . On entering by the west

front the visitor would ﬁnd himself in a small vestibule , with the old door into the Chapel (now walled up) on his

right . To the left was the passage , as at present , west of

the dining hall , but lighted with Early English windows

- looking out on the court yard . To the north of the

dining hall were two small rooms , which now form the

’ boudoir . They were probably the Archbishop s private

living rooms , and had chambers above them , reached as

now by a staircase from the north corner of the basement . Below the present boudoir and dinin g hall were the

Oﬁ ce s kitchens and , and this seems to have been all . Standing on the river terrace we can see exactly where

’ Walter Gray s work begins and ends . The east end of the Chapel to the south and the buttress outside the

boudoir to the north Show the extent . We can also see the ten Early English lancet windows of the crypt and

basement , most of them cut out and spoilt . There was a

large entrance door, the masonry of which can also be

traced , just north of the crypt of the Chapel , by which

the Archbishop would enter from his barge .

6 2 I T Y F T R H S O R O BISHOP HO PE .

The insurrection had its centre in York , and the rebel forces marched out to Shipton Moor against Henry . Here the leaders were beguiled by the Earl of Westmoreland to meet in conference before ﬁghting . As soon as they had agreed to this they were treacherously seized and were taken in haste to Pontefract Castle where the King “ ” w as quartered . Henry , full of vengeance , brought them here to Bishopthorpe . Some of the leaders were executed immediately, and the Archbishop was tried in the great

’ dining hall . I give Drake s account of the tragedy that

I followed ; he bases his record on a Latin d ocum e nt called “ ” the Martyrdom of Richard Scrope , written by a certain w Clement Maidstone , who , if not an eye itness , was certainly a contemporary .

Henry commanded William Gascoigne , at that time Chief Justice of England , to pronounce sentence

t ra t or against the Archbishop , as a y to his King and country . But that upright and memorable judge answered the King in this manner ' Neither you my lord the

King, nor any liegeman of yours in your name , can legally, according to the rights of the kingdom , adjudge

’ any bishop to death . For which reason he absolutely refused to try the Archbishop Henry , greatly incensed

a at G scoigne for this bold denial of his orders , commanded

F ulthor e Sir William p , a lawyer but no judge , to pronounce sentence of death against our Prelate . This man servilely obeyed the orders , and being mounted on a high stage erected in the hall of the Palace , the Archbishop standing

: bareheaded before him , he did it in these words We

’ “ ” - 1 in Ra s s or a s &c . vol. . 0 6 . ( ) Printed in full ine Hi t i n , , pp 3 399 F I T R THE MANOR HOUSE O B SHOP HO PE . 63

t t ra t or adjudge hee , Richard , y to the King , to death , and

’ ’ by the King s command do order thee to be beheaded .

Upon hearing of this sentence , the Archbishop replied ‘ The just and true God knows that I never designed any

’ ill against the person of the King, now Henry the Fourth ; and turning to the bystanders he said several times : ‘ Pray that God may not avenge my death on the King

’ or his As our Prelate s trial and sentence were

his . brief, execution immediately followed He was set on a sorry horse of the value of without a saddle , and h wit his face to the tail , and was led in this manner to i the place of his execution , say ng as he went along that he never rid upon a hors e that he liked better than this in

- all his life . He was habited in a sky coloured loose garment with the sleeves of the same , for it was not permitted him to wear his own , and a purple hood hanging on his shoulders . Being come to the place of execution ,

‘ : A ff he said lmighty God , I o er up myself and the cause ff i for which I su er, and beg pardon and forg veness of

’ Thee for all I have committed or omitted . Then he laid ni his hood and tunic on the ground , and tur ng to the

‘ : executioner , said My son, God forgive thee my death ; I i forg ve thee , but I beg this , that thou wilt with thy sword give me ﬁve wounds in my neck , which I desire to bear for the love of my Lord Jesus Christ , who , being for us di obe ent to his Father until death , bore ﬁve principal ” wounds in His body . He then kissed the executioner

‘ : three times , and kneeling down , prayed Into Thy hands ,

’ most sweet Jesu , I commend my spirit , with his hands

’ “ ( 1 ) Th e Archbishop s s tandard bore f or devic e the ﬁ ve wounds of our ” ’ “ ” av o a s o ac . 1 0 . S i ur . Dr ke Eb r um , p 7 R F I T R 64 HISTO Y O B SHO P HO PE .

joined and his eyes lifted up to heaven . Then stretching out his hands and crossing his breast , the executioner at ” ﬁve strokes separated his head from his body .

Arundel , Archbishop of Canterbury , travelled by night “ and day from London to plead his cause , and all travel ” ’ stained and b e sm utt e re d forced his way into the King s bedchamber early on the fatal Monday morning . Henry told him to lie down and rest, they would talk it over after breakfast , promising that nothing should be done meantime without a direct order from himself, but ere

Arundel awoke all was over .

8 1 0 . The tragedy took place on June th , 4 5 It is f 2 di ﬁcult to tell the exact spot , but an old record names a

Cle m e nthor e the barley ﬁeld near p , probably one of ﬁelds ’ opposite S . Clement s modern rectory house . The body

- was carried to the Minster , and laid in the north east 3 “ ” corner of the choir . His tomb , says Canon Raine ,

( 1 ) A Mem orial Servic e was held in the Ch apel in c ommemoration of the

oot h v sa of s v on 8 1 0 . s Anni er ry thi e ent th June , 9 5

’ “ ” 2 C R a s s o a s vol. . . ( ) f . ine Hi t ri n , p 433

’ The o was o 1 82 a r a and rc s o s o 3) t mb pened in 9 , fter the g e t ﬁre , the A hbi h p b dy was s w s a a a s n a o ow n o een , ith the ep r ted he d re ti g on the left rm . C]: the f ll i g n te “ ” by Arc hdeacon Cre yke in the Pal ac e Arch 1 ve s : Doubts have been express ed at ff o s w c s o c o was a a as di erent peri d hether Ar hbi h p S r pe re lly behe ded , the histories record ; but I think I am able t o bear testimony t o the acc uracy of the co o so a O s va o f f o re rd fr m per n l b er ti n . After the destruction o the Choir o Y rk s a 1 82 of c a o a a a wh o was Min ter in the ye r 9 by the ﬁre the in endi ry, J n th n M rtin , o o c law t o a a c a t a os o s pr n un ed by be lun ti , it bec me necessary o rep ir th e t mb in a C a w w T a the L dy h pel hich ere mutilated by the falling of the roof timbers . h t of c s o Sc o s a a o - as h ad s ff as c as an Ar hbi h p r pe , itu ted ne r the n rth e t , u ered mu h y s o wo a ov s ac w as n ov the t ne rk b e the urf e nearly all destroyed . O rem ing the o o o s and a s a o t o of va s was os br ken p rti n perh p little m re , the p the ult it elf exp ed ; and a ova of so a c a an d s a by little further rem l il, c onducted with gre t re uit ble s c s c of a fe w — f w d o n ot co c a an re pe t , in the pre en e persons o hom I re lle t th t y one is a survi vor but myself— the headless rem ains of the corpse of the Archbishop THE MANOR HOUSE OF B ISHOPTHORPE . 6 5

bid fair to be regarded as one of the most sacred shrines

oﬂi ce rs in the north . The and friends of Henry were able to put a stop to the devotions of the multitude at the grave , but the murdered Prelate lived in the hearts of i ” I the people of Yorksh re . It was a crime that struck horror throughout England , and proud Bolingbroke must have had much cause to regret his cruelty, if only A as a matter of policy . large silver bowl , presented by A gnes Wyman , wife of the Lord Mayor of York , to the 2 A Guild of Corpus Christi , and dedicated by rchbishop the Scrope , is among few remaining treasures of the

Minster . Tradition says that the old mulberry tree in the Palace kitchen -yard at Bishopthorpe was planted by him , though naturalists have objected that mulberries were not brought to England till a later date . A A print of the rchbishop , taken from a limning in the British Museum , hangs in the large hall of the

- dining room , with the following inscription , recently added by Archbishop Maclagan RI CARDUS SCROPE Eb orace n sis Archie piscopus H ac in aula A Rege suo H e nri co ! uart o Iniquissim e d am n at us Vi cin o in agro oc cisus placide occub uit v Die i c cc cv iii Jun i m . w s an d s a a a as ac w arm an d o . ere een , the ep r ted he d , pl ed bet een the left the b dy NO cs w sc ov as h ad w a ov c . Th e o s c w reli ere di ered , been expe ted b dy ered ith o an d s h ad a c c o n c os . Th e w o was w t v ere l th , thi ﬁtted r u d it l ely h le i h re erent ” c c c ov ov a a an d s a o c ov it . de en y ered er g in , the pre ent pl in t mb ere ted er ‘ S z lzen r ke December 1 6th 1 868. ep C ey , ,

’ “ ” 1 C . R a s o . 82 . ( ) f ine Y rk , p “ ” 2 f o C . o C s C s S s Soc vol . v . . 2 1 . T ( ) f Guild rpu hri ti ( urtee iety), l ii , p 9 here “ is a sc o of R . av s P o s of Arch a o full de ripti n it , by D ie , in r ceeding the ” i a I s 1 8 6 log c l n titute , 4 . 66 I TORY OF I T H S B SHOP HORPE .

’ ‘ Archbishop Bowet s Will is dated at Thorpe , on

’ th 1 1 September 9 , 4 2 , and an inventory of his goods is preserved in York .

1 2 6 - 1 2 Cardinal Kempe , his successor, 4 4 5 , who built so much at Cawood and Southwell , has left no mark here .

The interesting picture of him fully vested , which hangs

- i in the dining room , has lately been g ven by his collateral

- descendant , Mr . C . E . Kempe , the well known artist who designed the beautiful windows in the Chapel . The house remained as Gray had left it until the time of Thomas Scott , alias Rotherham , who occupied the

See from 1 4 80 to 1 50 0 . Wherever he lived he left his mark as a benefactor . When Chancellor of Cambridge he built the University Library ; when Bishop of Lincoln he completed and endowed Lincoln College , Oxford ; as Arch bishop of York he enlarged the houses at York Place

and Southwell , and founded a College at Rotherham for a provost , ﬁve priests , six choristers and three schoolmasters .

His handiwork remains here also , for he enlarged the original

3 house very considerably . Archbishop Sharp says that he “ built the pantry and bakehouse and chambers over them , even all that row of building which now makes the common ’ room , the hall , housekeeper s room , bakehouse and kitchen

- - below , and the drawing room the dining room , the study

zle . and the other chambers above , most of the north corner

of the house .

’ ” 1 R a n s s or a s vol. . . 2 . ( ) Cf . i e Hi t i n , iii , p 99

2 I . . 0 ( ) bid , p 3 3

’ “ M . . 1 8 a s SS . (3) Sh rp , p 5 an d b ch b i sh h a ab 1 . Li m e Ave n ue a t Bi s h op th orp e . Pl te y Ar op S rp out 70 0

F I 6 8 HISTORY O B SHOPTHORPE .

- - . . 1 2 No 3 was the drawing room , Nos and the dining room , “

. 6 No . 4 the study , and Nos 5 and the other chambers above , of which Sharp speaks . We must not forget that until Drummond’ s time the Archbishops lived chieﬂy in this wing . There is little to record about the house for the next x two hundred and ﬁfty years . Wolsey was never here , and his knife and fork are the only relics remaining of the greatest of our northern Primates , except the small picture

’ which has been given since Blackburn s time , though it is on wood and probably of contemporary date . He seems to have been always painted with the left proﬁle , it is said because he had lost his right eye . The Archbishops were

as not much here , so far is known , during the stormy times of the Reformation , and in consequence the central part of the house was probably much neglected and allowed to fall into decay . There are no pictures of Lee , Holgate ,

H arsn e t Heath , Young or , though there is one of Holgate

’ rin d all in his hospital at Hemsworth . G s arms may be

’ seen in a small pane of glass in the butler s room , with his

1 0 . name and the date , 5 7 The small original picture of Archbishop Sandys with his second wife was given by his descendant , Mr . Jordan “ 1 88 Sandys , to Archbishop Sharp . He died in 5 , the

” 2 memorable year of the Spanish Armada .

a a o s w on his wa t o o t o s a c s o ( 1 ) C rdin l W l ey , hen y Y rk be in t lled Ar hbi h p , a s at C awoo on ov th 1 0 on c a of as o w as rre ted d N ember 4 , 53 , the h rge high tre n , a H e of s on his wa t by the E arl of N orthumberl nd . died dy entery y o London ov 2 6t h at c s s is s a o c of on N ember , Lei e ter Abbey , thu fulﬁlling , it id , the pr phe y ” old wo a a wo v ac o . C . of C a a o s a n m n th t he uld ne er re h Y rk f Life rdin l W l ey ,

R c a F id d e s D. D. F ol. o o 1 2 6 . . . by i h rd , L nd n , 7 p 495

’ 2 ar s M ( ) Sh p SS. THE MANOR HOUSE O F BISHO PTHORPE . 69

The house had a narrow escape from being alienated

1 in 5 7 7 , when Queen Elizabeth wished to make it the residence of the President of the Council of the

North . Sandys protested against this and the scheme was abandoned . The President , the Earl of Huntingdon , seems actually to have taken possession , for a letter

I st is preserved , written from Bishopthorpe on April ,

1 5 77 , in which he writes that he is leaving , and in “ ﬁfteen days means to yield up all— full sore against

’ ” I l 1 wi l. my wife s John Piers died here in 594 , and his

1 60 successor , Matthew Hutton in 5 , the year of the

Gunpowder Plot . James I was entertained here by Arch

in 1 6 1 bishop Toby Matthew 7 , on his way to Scotland . After the Dissolution the Abbot’ s house in the Benedic ’

Of . tine Monastery S Mary s , York , had been converted into

n the reside ce of the President of the North , and was occupied by “ the sovereign on those rare occasions when he visited

” 2 the district ; it is now the Wilberforce School for the blind , and is still one of the most beautiful and ancient buildings in the city .

an e Cd ot e s Many are recorded of the witty Prelate ,

Toby Matthew, of whom there is a good portrait in the

- dining room . When Bishop of Durham he took a prominent

u 1 60 part in the Hampton Court Conference , Jan ary, 3, and 3 wrote a long account of it to Archbishop Matthew Hutton , concluding his letter as follows

“ 1 C a a of S a Pa s 1 . Vol. xxv. . 1 1 . ( ) lend r t te per , 577 , p 5

’ “ ” 2 R a s o 1 80 . ( ) ine Y rk , p .

’ “ P Ca w s H s o of Co c s . 1 6 1 . (3) rinted in rd ell i t ry nferen e , pp , 599 70 HISTORY O F B ISHO PTHORPE .

Thus , with my many humble thanks for your

’ grace s late fatherly kindness at Bishopthorpe , among

aun cie nt the rest of your accustomed favours , and with

my most hearty salutations to good Mrs . Hutton ,

oake - : your vertuous y fellow , I take my leave betaking

- you both to the grace of God . At Kingstone upon

1 th 1 60 . Thames , this 9 of January , 3 Your grace’ s humble at commandm ent

and for ever most assured ,

I D TO B E URESME .

He kept a careful record of his sermons , of which he preached 1 99 2 while he occupied the Sees of Durham and

. 1 6 2 8 York In he died at Cawood , and as both his spend ‘ w thrift sons had become Roman Catholics , his widow isely gave his valuable library to the Dean and Chapter of York .

eff e After his death an inventory was made of his cts , which o contained a list of the content s of every ro m in the house .

’ In the Archbishop s bedroom there was an Old chair of cloth

2 “ of gold , and a very fair oak chest , barred with iron , with ” 1 8 an outlandish lock and key . There were 2 7 ounces of

0 8. plate , valued at £3

In the armoury , one armour of proof and ten corslets , 3 - callive rs a fowling piece , ten muskets , twenty four , twenty

- &c . halberts , a two handed sword , a target , pikes , pistols ,

1 Mrs a w wa a ow . ac of o ( ) . M tthe s the daughter of Bishop B rl E h her f ur s s s a r a s o H e r s s a was son of c s o a i ter m r ied Bi h p . ﬁr t hu b nd the Ar hbi h p P rker, “ ” s co s a To a w sco a a ac s of a her e nd hu b nd by M tthe . Cf : Epi p l P l e Engl nd ,

. 2 . Ve nab 1 e s . p 4 , by E 2 s a s ( ) Thi still rem in .

' - z . a of a un s . (3) e. kind h nd g (Web ter)

T R 1 THE MANOR HOUSE OF B ISHO P HO PE . 7

- Six In the dining room were pieces of tapestry hangings ,

-ﬁ e and in the gallery were t wenty v pictures . The guest ’ chamber, the little guest chamber , and chaplain s chamber are also mentioned . Neither Mont e ign ( 1 6 2 8) nor H arsn e t ( 1 6 2 9 - 1 6 31 ) have left any mark in Bishopthorpe . The picture of the

’ former was given by Archbishop Maclagan , and is a copy from that in Fulham Palace . He only occupied the See

2 th for a fortnight , for being enthroned on October 4 , 6th he died on November at Cawood , where he was also born .

H arsn e t Samuel was formerly Vicar of Chigwell , where he was buried in the Parish Church next to his wife . There is no picture of him , but over his grave there is a recum

e flfi bent brass gy of him with mitre and crosier, and the following inscription , the first part of which was written by himself H ic j ace t SAMUEL H ARSNET o a v ca s hu us e c c s ae qu nd m i riu j le i , o in d i nus e is co us Cice st re nsis prim g p p , e in d i nior Norwice n sis d in g , e d e m um in d ign issim us archi pis copus Eb orace n sis .

d 6 1 ui o 2 ie a A . D . 1 ! biit 5 M ii 3 , quod ipsissim um epitaphium e x a a hum ilit at e s o curavit bund nti ibi p ni , e d r sul testam nt o re ve re n issim us p ae .

His successor , Richard Neile , was chosen by Charles I in the following year . He was the devoted friend and adherent A of rchbishop Laud , and , like his master, was bitterly

ff . hated by the Puritans , who had su ered under his discipline ISTORY OF I O T OR 7 2 H B SH P H PE .

His fate would probably have been the same , but he died “ 1 6 0 in 4 before the evil day came , and was buried in

’ All Saints Chapel in the Minster . He entertained Charles

2 th 1 6 here at Bishopthorpe on May 7 , 33, when the King

I Ne ile knighted his son Sir Paul , and on the next day ,

’ ” having touched a number of persons for the King s evil ,

‘ rode away northwards . His picture in the dining- room is copied from that at

Fulham Palace , and was also given by Archbishop Maclagan . ” He was followed by his enemy , Lord Keeper 3 Williams , who had succeeded Lord Bacon in the Chancellor

1 Ship on his fall in 1 6 2 . There is a picture of him in the familiar wide -brimmed black hat and large ruff of the period . The main part of the house was probably much dilapidated when it was sold by the Parliament to Colonel

2 1 6 . Walter White for £5 5 , in 4 7 Instead of repairing it,

’ he seems to have lengthened Rothe rham s wing and to have added its two gabled projections to the south . Sharp says

’ only the two wings to Rothe rham s building on the south ” side were added of late by Colonel White ; but he must ’ Rothe rham s have lengthened the main wing as well , for

’ ” ’ “ “ - 1 R a s o . 1 1 1 2 0 . C . s o Cos s Co s o c ( ) ine Y rk , pp 9 f Bi h p in rre p nden e

s oc vol. lv . . 0 . (Surtee S iety), , p 3 5

Ro a a o 2 i . c o a Th e s s o a o of c ( ) .e S r ful . uper titi n th t the t uch the y l h nd uld

a an a a of wa C o sso E a eff ect cure c be tr ced b ck t o the time E d rd the nfe r in ngl nd ,

a a a o s o was a o Lich ﬁ e ld t o and still e rlier in Fr nce . Dr . S muel J hn n t ken fr m o an d was o c 1 1 2 wh o o c on a s d a Lond n t u hed by ! ueen Anne in 7 , t u hed ingle y a a t wo Th e o c was s a acco a a of th t ye r hundred person s . t u h u u lly mp nied by “ ’ ” Th e a of s v . religi ous c erem ony . C]: Ceremonies f or the H e ling the King E il

8vo . o o 1 686 . o s L nd n , Y rk Min ter Library .

a s Co wa C as s f or and f or Par a . (3) Willi m held n y tle , ﬁr t the King then li ment

C a s a s o o C o w t w 1 6 xlv . rlyle print h rt letter fr m r m ell o him , ritten in 47 (letter )

F I T OR THE MANOR HOUSE O B SHOP H PE . 73 building did not go far enough for the further projection to it I be added to . At the same time no doubt the passage ’ I beside the housekeeper s room was added . cannot tell

- when the still room was built .

At . the Restoration the See nearly fell to Richard Baxter , whose conscientious scruples , however , prevented his accept ance of a mitre . It was given instead to Accepted Frewen ,

ichﬁ e ld Bishop of Coventry and L , the President of the Savoy e Conference . The Bishopthorpe prop rty was promptly w restored to him , and he isely directed his attention to

O the lder and more interesting part of the house . The solitary Old man must have delighted in such a haven of

con se rest after living for years in hiding, ever since his

1 6 cration in 44 , with a price upon his head . The dining room was now rebuilt from the first floor, with the large bay windows looking on the river . The initials may still be seen on the lead spouting outside , with the date , C 1 66 2 . The fine plaster frieze and eiling are very good

- of their kind , being all hand work . The compartments all vary in size , probably to prevent the main beam going

“ ” 2 “ into the chimney ; though , says Canon Dixon , if this

ﬂoor were entirely new, it does not appear why that danger ” might not have been more scientiﬁcally provided against .

’ F re we n s picture hangs in the place of honour over the

- of mantelpiece , with his coat arms . He also built the chambers above , which unfortunately have been rendered useless by the large iron girders which Archbishop Harcourt had to ﬁx to prevent the heavy pendants of the ceiling

’ ’ ( I ) We c an se e exactly where Roth e rh am s building ends an d White s begins

i l a o T are n ow s . n the o d cell rs f the wing . hey unu ed

’ 0 (2 ) Dixon s p . 4 . T R 74 HISTORY OF BISHOP HO PE .

“ n e from falling dow . Dixon also says that the Chap l received considerable repair and alteration on the accession ” of Archbishop Frewen . Of what this consisted we cannot

- be quite sure . He probably built the low pitched roof and debased east window (taken out in and the door from

- the dining room must have been his work , which was built up by Archbishop Magee , and now forms a cupboard .

Richard Sterne , the grandfather of Laurence Sterne , occupied the See from 1 6 6 5 to 1 6 83. When Master of Jesus

College , Cambridge , he sold the college plate for Charles I , and was afterwards expelled , and only narrowly escaped being sold into slavery by Parliament . He was Chaplain ff to Archbishop Laud , whom he attended on the sca old, and then retired to keep a private school at Strom age until the Restoration , when he became Bishop of Carlisle . His portrait shows a sad pale face , which bears the marks of ff su ering . He enlarged the stables here , which then stood on the south side of the drive to the east of the present gateway ; and also built a laundry house , which has now disappeared . He died in the house at the good old age

’ - of eighty three , and was buried in S . Stephen s Chapel in

I Minst e r the , where his monument now stands .

Dolb e n He was followed by John , who as a young f man had been a cavalier o ﬁcer . He fought at Marston

Moor , and was badly wounded in the siege of York ; it is said that the bullet was retained to his dying day . n Duri g the Commonwealth he went back to Christ Church ,

Oxford , where he had been educated , and was ordained

1 H e his i Co o a s ( ) left g lt mmuni n Pl te , u ed in the Cha el at Bisho thor e p p p , t o s w os a “ ” a h d s o 1 6 6. C . S s Soc the Min ter, h e pl te been t len in 7 f urtee iety ,

vol v . 1 0 1 . xxx , pp . 4 , 3 7 .

TH R E MANO HOUSE OF B ISHOPTHORPE . 75

1 6 there in 56 . Through the days of persecution he con tinned, with other brave churchmen at Oxford, to use the prohibited Prayer - Book Services ; and there - is a well known picture in the great hall at Christ Church re pre i sent ng him so engaged with his friends , the Censor

’ oﬂi ce r Allestree , who had also been an in the King s army, and Fell , afterwards Dean of the House .

At the Restoration he was made Dean of Westminster , and ordered out the schoolboys to help in extinguishing the

1 great ﬁre of London in 6 66 . His preaching at the Abbey was famous at the time , and drew crowded congregations .

Him of th e W s o w os s s e tern D me, h e mighty en e Flowed in ﬁ t words an d heavenly

di 1 6 86 i He ed at Bishopthorpe in , having g ven a set i of communion plate to the Parish Church , and hav ng “ - paved the court yard with pebbles .

’ The following is an entry in Evelyn s Diary ,

1 1 6 86 5th April ,

“ e - Archbishop of York now died of y small pox , aged

- al sixty two , a corpulent man . He was my speci

loving friend, and whilst at Rochester my

excellent neighbour . He was an inexpressible loss

to the whole Church , and that province especially,

being a learned, wise , stoute , and most worthy

Prelate . I look upon this as a great stroke to ye poor Church of England n ow in these defecting ” days .

1 A bsolom and A kito lz l ( ) Dryden , , p e . 76 HISTORY O F B ISHO PTHORPE .

He was buried in the south choir of the Minster, where a large monument with a long inscription preserves his memory .

The See was vacant for more than two years , when

as Thom Lamplugh , a native of Thwing in the East Riding ,

’ and successively Principal of S . Alban s Hall at Oxford , ’ Vicar of St . Martin s , Westminster, Dean of Rochester , and f O 1 6 88. Bishop Exeter, was translated to York in He “ was one of the few who read James II ill - timed Declara ” tion of Independence , and professed loyalty to him almost to the last , being nominated to the Archbishopric as a reward . Yet he was among the ﬁrst to turn round and welcome William of Holland , and it was he who was chosen to set the crown upon his head . He was thus able to

keep , his Archbishopric , but he has left a name that w contrasts strangely ith that of those , who were ready to go to the Tower rather than please James and deny their u Church , and to give p all they possessed rather than please

William and deny their lawful King . Sharp says that

he made the screen in , the hall at Bishopthorpe , and ” - paved it with pebbles . His full length portrait by Kneller

- is perhaps the ﬁnest in the dining room . He died here

1 6 1 in 9 , and was buried in the south choir aisle of the

Minster, where his monument , the work of Grinling

Gibbons , is .

John Sharp , who succeeded him in the same year, was one of the greatest and wisest Churchmen of his day .

He was formerly Chaplain to the Earl of Nottingham , w the patron of Bishop Bull , and the great care and isdom Shown by that nobleman in his Church appointments is

THE MANOR HOUSE O F BISHO PTHORPE . 7 7

‘ attributed by Robert Nelson to his counsel . He became

-in - - Rector of S . Giles the Fields and Dean of Canterbury , and was afterwards the chief adviser of Queen Anne in all matters relating to the Church . His manuscripts , of which

I have already spoken , remain to bear witness to his faithful and devoted care both of the diocese and of his estates . Out He was devoted to gardening, and laid the grounds with great care , planting the ﬁne lime tree avenue , which still bears his name . He was always here in the summer, and it was his practice to perform his week - day devotions in the open air, either in his garden or in the adjoining

” 2 ﬁelds and meadows . On Thursdays he used the porch of Acaster Malbis Church during many years for this purpose , and called it his oratory . Another favourite spot was the summer house by the ﬁsh pond , which still remains . “ ” Afterwards , says Newcome , who wrote his life , when the plantations in his garden were grown up to some perfection , he again changed the scene of his thanksgivings , ff and o ered them up in a particular walk, which he

‘ ’ - called his Temple of Praise . It was a close grass plot walk lying north and south , and hedged on each side with

Of yew so thick and high as to be at all times the day, except noon , completely shaded . On the east it hath a little maze or wilderness that grows considerably higher . The entrance into it at each end is through arches made in a lime hedge , and the view through these arches was ultimately bounded by a hedge of hornbeam at one end ,

SO and a fruit walk at the other , that within the walk scarce anything is to be seen but verdure and the Open

’ “ ” 1 R . so s of s o . 2 8. ( ) Nel n Life Bi h p Bull , p 3 ’ “ ” 2 Ne wcom e s f of S a . 8. ( ) Li e h rp , p 7 78 HISTORY OF B ISHOPTHORPE .

- sky above . In this close walk and in the adjoining maze he spent many a happy hour , especially in the last years ” of his life .

His large black letter Bible is still here , and in one of his MS . books there is an inventory of some of the valuables belonging to the House and Chapel , which mentions the communion plate and a large piece of tapestry at the altar with the history of Ananias and Sapphira worked upon it ; the latter has now disappeared .

- 1 1 . He died at Bath , 7 4 , in his sixty ninth year His monument stands on the east wall of the Ladye Chapel

was in the Minster . The long Latin epitaph written by

I B Sm allrid e . his friend , ishop g

He was succeeded by Sir William Dawes , whose father had been made a baronet by Charles II His picture is by Kneller ° the face bears witness to the mildness and indulgence which , according to Drake , marked his “ ” character, especially in his kind and respectful behaviour

2 “ to his clergy . Ward says that the house received great

- alterations in the hall , dining room , at his expense , though what he did nobody seems to know . The imposing Marshal ’s mace with silver top has his arms engraved

. t upon it His housekeeper , Mrs . New on (I quote the palace “ w records) embezzled the Chapel litany desk, covered ith purple damask and gold fringe . A second and inferior

- oil painting of him hangs in the business room . He was

’ buried beside his wife in the Chapel of S . Catherine s

1 College , Cambridge , 72 4 .

’ “ 1 a s E o ac . 6 ( ) Dr ke b r um , p 4 7

’ “ 2 ( ) Ward s H istory o f York .

THE MANOR HOUSE OF BISHO PTHORPE . 79

A mass of legendary matter has gathered round the name of Lancelot Blackburn , who was translated from

1 Exeter to York in 7 2 4 . It may be there was some foundation for the stories of his wild youth ; if so , he ff must have had abundant reason to regret it , for he su ered grievously from rumours and accusations in after years .

In all probability there were great exaggerations .

He is said to have given the well-known statue of

I ﬁddle r the to the Minster, which formerly stood over the

was southern transept and is now in the crypt , and that it meant to commemorate the following incident in his early

— ’ life As an undergraduate at King s College , Cambridge, ” he was gated for breaking rules and ran away, taking h im ’ with his tutor s violin . With this he played his way

e to London, where for som time he underwent great hard ships ; after which he went to sea , and ﬁnding himself in a pirate vessel , became a buccaneer . It is not a bad illustration of the History of a ” Slander . When we come to enquire into facts , we ﬁnd that there is no trace of his ever having been at Cambridge ; n whereas his ame remains on the books of Christ Church ,

Oxford, as having entered at the usual age , and he was a

ﬁrst - rate scholar , which is not very compatible with a rough l ife a sea .

’ ” 2 There is a note to Lord Byron s Corsair , which speaks of the great improbability of the buccaneer story ; but it has stuck to the unlucky Prelate , and I have been

’ “ ” 1 C H ar rove s s o of or vol. . . . 62 . ( ) f g Hi t ry Y k , ii , pt I , p

2 C a o . v . ( ) nt 3, xxi R 80 HISTORY OF B ISHOPTHO PE . told that armour could be seen underneath his robes in

I ort rait . his p , which is certainly untrue

If after doubtful antecedents he changed his ways , and taking holy orders rose to ﬁll the highest ofﬁ ce in the Church , it is hardly to his discredit . Whether true or not all sorts of rumours dogged his steps , and at one time they compelled him to resign his Archdeaconry of

Exeter ; he was , however, reappointed , and became succes sive ly Dean and Bishop . Another legend is that the notorious Dick Turpin2

ﬁre was his butler at Bishopthorpe , and that a mysterious took place under his regime . It is refreshing to turn to the better known and authenticated story of his re com

of n mending the great Joseph Butler, then Rector Sta hope , to the notice of Queen Caroline for preferment . She “ he asked him if he were not dead ; No , madam , but is ” he t . buried , was answer

1 He was succeeded in 74 3 by Thomas Herring, a

Latitudinarian, and suspected , but without good reason , of holding Arian views . His chief memorial here is the full and careful record of his ﬁrst Visitation , held that same

The year . answers to his enquiries are preserved in the

the library, bound in four folio volumes , including all

e parishes of the Dioces with good indices . They are interesting as throwing a great deal of light on Church

life and work in Yorkshire , at a period which is often spoken of as one of the darkest in the pages of our

( 1 ) Th e Archives attribute this picture to Sir Peter Lely ; but this is oss as a a s 1 680 imp ible , th t rti t died in .

“ ” 2 C . a ac c v s c s o o ( ) f P l e Ar hi e , by Ar hbi h p L ngley .

81 THE MANOR HOUSE OF B ISHO PTHORPE .

I hi t o s r . ecclesiastical y He was a thorough Whig, and took a prominent part in the North against Prince Charles

’ Edward s invasion in 1 74 There is a ﬁne portrait of

- him in the dining room , said to be by Hogarth , and a

- second , not so good , in the business room .

The following letter from his nephew , Thomas Herring , ’ 1 dated at Bishopthorpe in 74 3, is printed in Nichol s A ” Library necdotes , and gives us some idea of the house at that time I am at present under the hospitable roof of an A rchbishop , of which I can send you no regular

account , for it was built at a time of day when men paid more regard to convenience than to

uniformity , and therefore it will be in vain to

attempt an exact description of it . The rooms

are very large , and furnished in character ; and that apartment where I now sit is ornamented with the adventures of Samson curiously wrought

Old in tapestry, the work, perhaps , of some religious

dame . Upon the whole it is a most agreeable

house , and pleases me better than if it had been o designed by L rd Burlington , or any other genius

of the age . A stone outside the present kitchen bears the date

1 74 7 , which indicates , I suppose , that this part of the house was begun by Matthew Hutton , who occupied the

See for a few months only in that year .

1 ac co of s R co w s c a ( ) An unt thi e rd , ith pe i l referenc e t o the Arc hdeaconry “ ” of o was C c T s a a 8 1 8 Y rk , printed in the hur h ime , J nu ry th , 97 .

2 C . a a a ow a of s a ( ) f Fr med ppe l in l er p rt Min ter Libr ry . 8 I T RY R 2 H S O O F B ISHO PTHO PE .

John Gilbert was translated from Salisb ury to succeed

- . di him He altered the windows in the large ning room , laid the ﬂoor in the hall with Roche Abbey stone and black marble , repaired the staircase in the hall , and orna m e nt e d the walls and ceiling like the old drawing- room above stairs (afterwards the library of Archbishop Markham) , and in the place where the pigeon -house formerly stood he

- built a wash house , and over it a laundry .

’ He seems to have given the Archbishop s Stall to the “ ” “ Chapel , which , says Canon Dixon , previously to the alterations in 1 840 had over it a clumsy canopy supported by two pillars , which when the curtains were drawn had

- very much the appearance of a four post bed . This , from

- of - s the coat arms over the chair , may safely be a signed to

” 2 the taste of Archbishop Gilbert . So far the west front of the house remained more or less as Gray had left it . It is a pity that there is no picture ’ of it . A great change came when Gilbert s successor, the

Hon . Robert Hay Drummond , followed him from Salisbury to York . He was devoted to building, and did not spare expense but the period was against him , and with the best intentions he did much that we now regret during the few years of his tenancy . We have already seen how he pulled down the old

Church ; he did not quite pull down the Manor House , but

1 6 it was entirely transformed . In 7 3 he began by building w the present stables , pulling do n the old ones on the other side of the gateway . The new buildings included coach

’ “ 1 s M . 2 . ( ) Dixon SS . , p 4

“ “ ” 2 I . . . C . of s o w o h is C a a . ( ) bid , p 33 f Life Bi h p Ne t n , h pl in

8 THE MANOR HOUSE OF BISHO PTHORPE . 3

- - w - house , bake house and brew house , ith large living rooms

1 6 on the first floor . The gateway was finished in 7 5 , being built partly with stone brought from Cawood . The clock was probably taken from the old stables , for the inside dial

1 . bears the name of Archbishop Herring, with the date 744

He next turned his attention to the house , whose appearance and character he entirely changed , not for the nl better , though his e argements have been convenient , enabling the family to use the [ dining -room and Chapel without going continually backwards and forwards to the

S - wing where the chief itting rooms had been , since

’ Rothe rha s m time .

He pulled down the old Early English front , and brought the whole house forward by the width of the present

- drawing room , which was then built . At the same time the ” t he - entrance hall was doubled in size , and audience room (now th e business -room) was added at the west end of the

Chapel , to make the whole symmetrical . This of course involved the destruction of the west window . The Chapel windows were ﬁlled with painted glass by Peckett of York , the east window containing shields , which are now in the “ - business room . The black and white marble pavement of the Chapel was probably laid at the same time .

’ Below the new rooms were the servants hall , the ’ - pantry and the man servant s bedroom . The portico and w steps belong to the same date . The work as designed and carried out by Thomas Atkinson of York , and ﬁnished

1 6 - - in 7 9 . The marble chimney piece in the dining room ’ is also Drummond s work , as well as the chambers above

’ “ 1 o s MSS. . . ( ) Dix n , p 34 84 HISTORY OF BISHOPTHORPE .

- - the drawing room and business room . Within , the rooms are lofty and well proportioned , but the old character of the house was completely destroyed and replaced by the “ ” fashionable Strawberry Hill style of the period .

1 Dr . Markham , who succeeded Drummond in 7 7 7 ,

- - built a pigeon house , a large ice house , a pinery, and spent a good deal of money on the kitchen garden , building a

1 81 . ﬂood wall feet long, which is still standing

His picture is by Sir Joshua Reynolds . Archbishop Harcourt used to tell the f ollowm g story about it — When he was a young man he was dining at Bishopthorpe with A rchbishop Markham , and observing that the portrait opposite was much faded , he said to his next door neighbour , “ Who can be the unhappy man who painted such a ” “

! . picture I am that unhappy man , was the reply It was Sir Joshua himself who saw , moreover , that the criticism was not altogether unmerited , for he took the picture home to be retouched and improved . It is a ﬁne portrait . You can almost see the old man move , and it is thought to have inspired Richmond to paint Archbishop Longley in almost the same attitude . The picture of George II , which hangs outside the library , is also said to be by

Reynolds .

Edward Venables Vernon , Bishop of Carlisle , was

’

1 80 8 . translated to York in , on Markham s death He

1 8 occupied the See until 4 7 , nearly forty years , having

- been a Bishop for the long period of ﬁfty six years . He

1 8 1 took the additional name of Harcourt in 3 , when he inherited the estates of the last Earl Harcourt , who died childless . There is a portrait of the latter in the large picture of George III outside the library, which was given

TH OR O OF I O T R E MAN H USE B SH P HO PE . 85

A 1 81 . to the rchbishop by the artist , Benjamin West , in 9

The autograph letter which accompanied it , recording his attachment to the King and to the Earl , is preserved in the “ Palace Archives . Considerable alterations were made to the house from time to time during this period . The small inner drawing - room (now the library) with the chambers above was built , said to have been originally intended for

- oak a billiard room . The Chapel was ﬁtted with sittings , and the white paint removed from the curious Old carved

— a oak pulpit , and the bedrooms over it were added deplorable piece of work . The long projection to the wing l on the north side was a so built , which included the large rooms occupied by the Duchess of Kent and the Princess

Who Victoria in 1 835 . It was probably Harcourt raised the ’ eastern part of Rothe rham s building and the large chimney to their present height, and took away the mullions and the labels from the windows ; but it is almost impossible to tell at what particular time all the many alterations have been made . In 1 81 0 he added to the pleasure grounds all the portion beyond the Lime Tree Avenue , which formerly was called the Warren ; most of the trees there were planted by him . His custom was to spend one - third of the year at

— - Nuneham his family place near Oxford , one third in

. London , and the remainder at Bishopthorpe These four months were considered sufﬁcient for all Diocesan duties — not then SO exacting as now although all Yorkshire and the County of Nottingham were in the Diocese of York until 1 836 . He had a large private fortune besides his

Oﬁ cial income , and lived in great style , practising the virtue F 86 HISTORY O BISHO PTH ORPE .

ﬁ e w of hospitality with lavish m uni ce nc . He and his ife

Lady Ann were very kind to the parishioners , and are still much remembered in the village . Twice every week , on

Tuesdays and Fridays , the poor from York and beggars of

all descriptions ﬂocked to Bishopthorpe , receiving two

- loaves of bread and a Silver threepenny piece each . The vessels on the river saluted as they went past , and in return were supplied with beer and refreshments . There were many grievances when it all came to an end, as it

’ necessarily did at the Archbishop s death . The income of the See was much reduced , and it was both undesirable and impossible for his successor to continue all such bounties ; but it was rather hard on Archbishop Musgrave when the

old people wrote outside the gateway , God bless the

Archbishop , he was good to the poor . The vessels ceased to salute and now too often turn on their smoke when

they pass the Palace . The Princess Victoria and her mother came here on

d 1 r 8 . September 3 , 35 , and stayed for nearly a week Some of the older parishioners well remember seeing them drive

down the lane from the Tadcaster road , escorted by the

Yorkshire Hussars , between crowds of spectators . They

spent the Sunday quietly in Bishopthorpe , worshipping in the Parish Church ; the other days were chieﬂy devoted

to functions in York , including a Choral Festival in the

Minster .

Archbishop Harcourt lived to be 90 . At the meeting ’ in York after Jonathan Martin s ﬁre , he said that at his age he could hardly hOpe to live to see the restoration

re st ora completed ; he not only did this , but saw the later

tion after the second ﬁre in 1 84 2 also carried out . He

F T TH E MANOR HOUSE O BISHOP HORPE . 87 preached a farewell sermon in the Minster on November

1 1 8 8 3th , 3 , and gradually did less of active work , Bishop

Longley, of Ripon , taking his duty in the Diocese for some A months in each year, in recognition of which the rch bishop paid for the building of the Chapel of the Palace at Ripon . He continued , however, to enjoy good health , and visited York to inspect the repairs of the Chapter - House

I only four days before his d e ath . This took place on the

th 1 8 evening of November 5 , 4 7 , in the room north of the

- dining room . He was buried at Stanton Harcourt , in

Oxf ordshire . Thomas Musgrave was translated from Hereford to

York in the following year . The story goes that he was the son of a tailor at Cambridge who used to make clothes for Archbishop Harcourt . On one occasion the father having to come to Bishopthorpe brought his son with him and placed him where he could see the great Archbishop . The next time that son entered the house was as Arch bishop himself. He was here for twelve years , and some

’ of the older parishioners remember his and Mrs . Musgrave s dn many acts of kin ess , and tell how fond he was both of

2 his garden and his farm . The Italian garden on the north side of the house was laid out in his time under

Ne sﬁ eld the direction of .

Archbishop Longley came in 1 860 . He was only here

f or - two short years , after which he was translated to

Canterbury . So far as I know he has only left behind him the valuable book of Archives already mentioned .

“ ” 1 C a R i s 1 8 . ( ) f Annu l eg ter , 47

’ a (2 ) Middlethorpe Grange was then the Arc hbishop s House F rm . I T R F I T 88 H S O Y O B SHO P HORPE .

His picture by Richmond is excellent , and there is a print of him in the entrance hall with his ﬁve signatures ,

— for he occupied four Sees in succession Ripon , Durham ,

York and Canterbury , and after all had the honour of dying a poor man . Archbishop Thomson was translated from Gloucester

1 86 to York in 3, and remained here till his death . The water tower was built soon after he came , which supplied At the house until 1 89 8. the same time the skylights were placed in the roof above the front staircase . The six small rooms built over the Chapel by Archbishop

Harcourt were altered and rearranged, and two large new

Windows were made in them facing south . A gasometer was built in the stable yard , which supplied the house and

Old Chapel with gas . The ﬁsh pond in the valley was drained , and the shrubs were planted there between the

1 86 house and the Church . In 7 the York gas was laid on to the Church and village , and from that time the gasometer ceased to be used . The Prince and Princess of Wales visited the Arch

in 1 866 A th bishop , arriving on ugust 9 and remaining

1 1 th until the , and occupying the large rooms in the north

Wing already mentioned . Before they left they planted

t S two Welling onias on the south ide of the drive .

was His portrait was painted by Onless , and a present

1 886 0 0 from his grateful Diocese in ; it cost 7 guineas , but the subscription amounted to and the balance was expended in a marble bust by Mr . Onslow Ford , which was given to Mrs . Thomson . He was much beloved and will be long remembered by the parishioners of Bishop

1 8 0 thorpe . He died on Christmas Day , 9 , and was buried

8 TH E MANOR HOUSE OF BISHO PTHORPE . 9

in the Churchyard on December 3oth . The spot is marked by a lofty granite cross . He and Archbishop Drummond are the only two of the eighty- eight Archbishops of York whose bodies rest at Bishopthorpe .

William Connor Magee , the eloquent Bishop of Peter

1 8 1 borough, succeeded him in January , 9 , and was enthroned in the Minster on March 1 7th . He was only here for a few short weeks , during which he had the lift made from the

as b ement to the upper ﬂoor , and (what is more interesting) ’ he closed F re we n s door from the dining- room to the

Chapel , making the present entrance from the front hall , ’ which is far more convenient . It is close beside Gray s

re - original doorway, which could not be opened owing to the mural decoration of the hall . His portrait is a copy

H O1 1 of one by , and was presented to the gallery at

Bishopthorpe by the present Archbishop .

’ Archbishop Magee died of inﬂuenza at Garland s

th 1 8 1 Hotel , in London , on May 5 , 9 , and was buried in

P th e ﬂi eterborough Cathedral on May 9 , where a ﬁne gy has been placed to his memory .

n He was succeeded by William Dalrymple Maclaga ,

ichﬁe ld Bishop of L , who was enthroned in the Minster on

1 1 8 1 . September 5th , 9 Considerable alterations have been made in the house and gardens since he came . The wharf, which had become ruinously unsafe , has been thoroughly repaired with new piles , and is very useful for the arrival of summer parties

o Wh come by steam from York . The boudoir has been reduced in length by about four feet , and in this space a e i wooden staircas constructed , g ving access to the river

’ terrace by a door through one of Gray s Early English 0 I TORY OF I O T R 9 H S B SH P HO PE . windows ; part of the south projection from the north wing has been removed , sacriﬁcing some small dressing

’ rooms , but greatly improving the Archbishop s library by letting in the light . In 1 894 a large room was added to the house by enclosing a portion of the mulberry -tree yard between the kitchen and the garden wall . The room has doorways

- into the Chapel , business room , yard and garden , and is most useful for gatherings of many kinds , as it holds some two hundred people . Lastly and chieﬂy we have to record the restoration and beautifying of the Chapel , which was carried out by

1 8 2 . the Archbishop in 9 The ﬂoor was lowered ten inches , and this made it possible to add three steps in the sanctuary .

The painted iron heating apparatus , which blocked the centre , was removed, and a new chamber for the purpose

in was added the crypt , which had been used for a laundry .

The throne and pulpit were removed, and the sanctuary was paved with squares of polished black and white marble . The paint was carefully brushed from the walls with strong acids , leaving the ﬁne thirteenth century ashlar as fresh as

e the when it was built . The arcading and ston bench round

- Chapel were restored , with the exception of the south east

the corner, where the base of the column of old Piscina

I t race d can be , as well as fragments of what was perhaps a

- side altar on the south side of the east wall . An aumbry

the was found in the north wall of sanctuary, to which

r new oak doors were ﬁxed . The beautiful doo way on the

re same side , which had been built up with stone , was opened , the mouldings being found almost as sharp as when they were ﬁrst cut . This door formerly opened into

I T s h as s c s o d . ( ) hi , in e , been re t red (E ,

I RY F 9 2 H STO O BISHOPTHORPE .

illustrate the Church in the Northern Province . The ﬁrst

- represents S . Andrew, the patron saint of Bishopthorpe ;

- and S . Peter, the patron saint of the Minster, which is depicted at his feet . This window was given in memory of A rchbishop Thomson by Dr . Thorold , Bishop of Winchester,

- who was formerly his Chaplain , and Canon Residentiary of

1 8 - 1 8 . York 74 7 7 His arms are shown in the corner . The second window represents the Keltic Mission to — Britain S . Columba above with Iona Cathedral at his i feet , and below, S . A dan the Evangelist of Northumbria , with a stag crouching at his feet . The third window represents the Roman Mission z— Gregory the Great is shown above with the traditional dove upon his Shoulders ; below is S . Paulinus , the ﬁrst Archbishop of York ; at his feet Angels hold the shields of the four Sees with which

— his name is connected , York, Southwell , Lincoln and

Rochester . This window was given by Lady Mary Currie in memory of Archbishop Thomson .

' ﬁve The fourth window contains S . Chad , who after years in the See of York retired to Lastingham , and then

ichﬁe ld he 6 2 . became the ﬁrst Bishop of L , where died in 7

ic ﬁe l He holds L h d Cathedral in his arms . Below is the

I Be d e Venerable . The ﬁfth window was given by the Archbishop ’ s two younger children . It represents S . Hilda, the famous A bbess of Whitby ; and below, S . Edwin , the ﬁrst Christian

King of Northumbria , holding the plan of the ﬁrst Minster at York , which he began to build . The ceiling is coloured by Kempe in alternate squares of red and green , those

I T s w ow was v Re v. d . v. a C a a t o c s o ( ) hi ind gi en by the E Bry n , h pl in Ar hbi h p ac a a M l g n . TH OR O OF I T E MAN H USE B SHOP HORPE . 9 3

within the sanctuary being enriched with gilt monograms . itivit Above the north wall runs the legend, S anima mea ad Deum fortem Vivum ; quando veniam e t apparib o ante ” — P “ f acie m . s . 2 Dei xlii , above the south wall , Beati qui lavant stolas suas in sanguine Agni —Vid eb unt f acie m ” f rontib e — e us e t e us us orum . 1 j nomen j in Rev . xxii , 4 . 4 .

On the north wall, where the original doorway was , an alabaster tablet records the foundation and restoration of the Chapel by Archbishops Gray and Maclagan , with

York. their arms , and the two shields of the Province of It bears the following inscription

H oc sacellum a Walt e ro Gray m agni con silii praesule m ° vii ab hin c sae culo e xst ruct um re ce ntiore sevo mult os pe r annos d e form at um in De i glori am re f e cit e t ornavit Wille lm us D alrymple Eb orace nsis Archie piscopus an n o salutis MDCCCXCII ” ile xi c o s D omine d de orem d mu Tuae . The Chapel is at once the most interesting and most Old e ancient part of the Manor House , whos story I have tried to tell . It has witnessed many changes in Church and State , and its walls could tell many secrets if they could speak . Kings and Queens as well as Archbishops have knelt there . Hundreds of young men have there received with the laying on of hands the sacred commission ’ to serve in the Lord s sacred ministry . We cannot but be thankful , that while all the rest of the upper part of the house has gone , time has spared this peaceful oratory, which has always been reserved for the same sacred purpose to which it was dedicated in the thirteenth century, to be restored by the present Archbishop with loving care to its former beauty .

a o s and s o a o of ( I ) The above account of the lterations in the h u e , re t r ti n “ the Chapel by t h e present Arc hbishop is copied alm ost verbatim from Archives ” e o o of the Se f Y rk . C H A P T E R X.

PRE REFORMATION RESIDENCES OF THE

ARCHBISHOPS OF YORK .

E do not know much about the Residences of

the Archbishops of York in early Saxon times ,

nor is there very much to be known . They

were missionaries , travelling about from place to place , strengthening the stakes of the Church by planting centres in the chief towns of the diocese , Beverley,

Ripon , Southwell and York, and lengthening its cords by preaching, baptizing and conﬁrming in the outlying parts of the great kingdom of Northumbria . Nor must we forget that they were not only mission aries , but most of them were monks . As soon as they could they built a monastery, which became their head quarters ; the refuge to which they were only too glad to return from time to time , to enjoy its peaceful quiet and retirement after the turmoil of the outside world . Paulinus

Andre w was sent by Pope Gregory from the monastery of S. at Rome to j oin Augustine in 60 1 . S . Chad came from

I TORY OF I T 96 H S B SHOP HORPE .

York was never occupied by monks . The observance of order and discipline may have been pressed upon the Canons but they never became monks in the proper sense of that word . They lived upon a common fund, and had a common dormitory or refectory, from which it

e e may be inferred that they wer unmarried , but they wer ” never Benedictines . The question is often asked why the Cathedral at York and other well-known Churches are called Minsters when there was no proper monastery attached to them . The best answer that I can give is in the words of Bishop

I “ ’ t ubb s S , who says , The Bishop s house contained a number of clerks , priests , monks and nuns , and was both a home of retreat to the weary missionary and a school for the young . These inmates lived by a sort of rule , which was

e regarded as monastic , and the hous and Church were the

Monasterium or Minster .

Such we may suppose to have be en the home of most

. of the Saxon Archbishops of York The last of them , d 2 Al red , according to Leland , built a refectory and dormitory

Be de rn 3 th in the , only too soon to be destroyed by e ruthless

the . hand of William Conqueror But before this time , whether monks or not , they had acquired other lands and

own muniﬁ houses of their , chieﬂy through the ce nce of the Saxon King, Athelstan , in the tenth century . From that time until the Reformation their estates were multi plied , and the Prelates of York ranked among the largest

’ “ H s vol i I S s Co s . . . v . . 8 . ( ) tubb n t i t , iii , p 5

’ - 2 a s iv. 1 0 2 1 0 . ( ) Lel nd , 3

’ “ R a s as 1 6 (3) Cf . ine F ti p . 4 . H OLL . [CO PY FR OM FR AN K WILLIAM MAGEE . ]

8 I TORY OF I T R 9 H S B SHO P HO PE .

Before the days of railways or coaches , when travelling

S fﬁ was low and di cult , not to say dangerous , the system had its obvious advantages . It enabled a Bishop to visit f the dif erent parts of his diocese , and by a residence of a few weeks in each year in his different houses to hold

C on ﬁrm ation s - in widely scattered centres , and to acquire a

the personal knowledge of his clergy and laity, and of needs of each neighbourhood . Besides this , the income of the See being almost entirely derived from the rents of land , he had his duties as landlord , often as lord of the manor, and it was desirable that from time to time he

S hould perform them in person , seeing that his stewards were administering the estates properly, and that justice was being done to his various tenants . In the twelfth A century, the rchbishops of York exercised an almost regal authority in their baronies of Beverley , Ripon ,

I Wilt on . Sherburn , Patrington , Otley and They had in each their own prisons , gallows , pillory and ducking stool .

They appointed the justices , with full power to try and

e execute criminals . Some of this secular jurisdiction, g. i the appointment of mag strates , lasted well into this century . We must not imagine that a Bishop ’ s house in those days was like a nineteenth century mansion . The more important consisted of a large hall , a Chapel , a dormitory, with a kitchen , a few private rooms and large outbuildings ; the lesser ones were only small manor houses . A retinue fﬁ of chaplains , o cials and servants travelled about with their master from place to place . When they went away the house would be left with only a steward to take care

’ “ ” O v s H s o of v . 86 . ( I ) li er i t ry Be erley, p - PRE REFORMATIO N RESIDENCES . 99

of it . When he visited Hexham , the Archbishop seems to have lodged with the Prior of the monastery . Hexham shire remained in the Diocese of York until 1 837 .

’ A Bishop s head - quarters were naturally in his Cathedral

City , and his residence there was alone called the Palace . It is a modern misnomer to apply the word to any episcopal

’ house whereve r situated . Not one of the Archbishop s many houses mentioned in the old Registers is ever ” called Palace, excepting that at York . It was always ” “ ” Bishopthorpe Manor , not Bishopthorpe Palace , until i comparat vely recent times .

I re face Canon Raine , in his interesting p to Walter ’ i Gray s Reg ster, gives an itinerary , derived from the dates of documents in a single year which illustrates an

’ : Archbishop s movements at that period . It is as follows

K a s o a o n . 1 1 . . 2 1 . ct . 2 n re b r ugh J Aug O 0 .

s o M o a . 1 an 1 a 1 Bi h pth rpe J n 5 d 6 . y .

Sc oo an . 2 a c 1 2 e c 1 D . 1 and r by J 3. M r h .

F e b . 1 a d 1 Otley 0 n 4 .

S F e 2 N . ov . . De c . . herburn b . 4 9 9

awoo a c 2 0 2 8 2 . 2 C d M r h , , 9 April 9 . Ma 2 2 . A . S . 1 8. y 5 , 3, 4 ug ept

A I 1 2 . . 2 8. pril 7 , 3, 4 , 3 Aug

Ma y 31 .

June 1 .

“ 1 S s Soc vol. lvi ( ) urtee iety, . T R F I I OO HIS O Y O B SHO PTHORPE .

These were not all residences attached to the See of

York ; one or two were religious houses , and Knaresborough

Castle belonged to the King , and was used by Gray during his regency . But most of them belonged to the Arch

at bishops , besides other houses London , York and

Southwell , which are not mentioned in this particular year . A great change came in the sixteenth century , when

’ Henry VIII , whose appetite for his neighbours houses and goods was insatiable , not only destroyed the monasteries and sacked Cathedrals and Churches in order to ﬁll his f cof ers , but laid his hands on all the ecclesiastical property he could get . The large estates of the Archbishops of

’ Wolse s York did not escape his covetous eye , and after y death his plan was to nominate Prelates who would not mind impoverishing the See , provided that their own

ff 1 1 - 1 interests did not su er . Archbishop Lee ( 53 544) began the evil work by giving to the King the Manors of Beverley,

Southwell and others , in exchange for some monastic spoils .

” l “ B was But this , says rake , no very ill bargain , the f Church suf ered little by the exchange , especially compared with the great devastation made in the time of his immediate successor This was Robert Holgate , who was appointed in 1 54 4 . He appears to have been altogether a

- most unsatisfactory person , a married ex monk , nominated by the King with the express object of alienating Church f property . Within a month of his translation from Llanda f he transferred to the Crown no less than thirteen Manors in Northumberland and the neighbouring counties , forty in Yorkshire , six in Nottinghamshire , and eight in

’ “ I a s E o ac . 1 . ( ) Dr ke b r um , p 45

1 0 2 ISTORY O F I O T H B SH P HORPE .

R YO K.

The Palace stood on the north side of the Minster . It was a noble building extending the whole length of the northern side from the present “ Residence ” to the new

Deanery . The only traces remaining are a few arches of

C the hall , or of the loister leading to the hall , and the

I Cha e l beautiful Early English p , now converted into the

Minster Library . It was begun by Archbishop Roger

1 1 - 1 1 81 ( 54 ) and much enlarged by Walter Gray , the builder of Bishopthorpe , to whom Henry III made a grant of additional land by the walls for the purpose . The Palace lasted in all its magniﬁcence until after the Reformation . The work of destruction was then ’ begun by Archbishop Young ( 1 560 Grind al s un in satisfactory predecessor , who married late life , and pulled down the great hall that he might sell the lead off the roof to provide an estate for his son . It was “ lumb i t 2 p sacra fames , says Haring on , which made him destroy a building erected nearly ﬁve hundred years before . The same writer e xpresses the charitable wish that some of the lead had been melted and poured down his throat . From this time the Palace ceased to be occupied by the ’ Archbishops , and what remained of it was let . In Sharp s ’ time part of it was rented in tenements as S . William s

College now is , but the main portion of the house was for many years let to the Ingram family until it was

“ I a a n s a a . av ( ) C lled the Ch pel of 8. A drew in the Min ter Libr ry Pl n H ing on a o s s a was a a a a 1 81 0 and l g been in ruin u t te it rep ired by De n M rkh m in , in 1 81 3 appropriated by him t o the rec eption of the Library of the Dean and ” “ ” Cha . C : c v s of Se e . 8. pter f Ar hi e the , p 3

’ 2 o a s E o ac . . ( ) ! u ted in Dr ke b r um , p 454 - 1 0 PRE RE FORMATION RESIDENCES . 3

ﬁnally pulled down in the thirties . The little Keep at “ ’ ” the western end was called Peter s prison , and near

’ this in olden days was the Archbishop s private entry to

’ the Minster through the beautiful S . Sepulchre s Chapel , long ago destroyed . Plans , showing what remained of the whole building early in this century , are preserved in the

’ r Chapter Clerk s Ofﬁce and in the Minster Libra y .

R SHERBU N .

Sherburn -in - Elmet is a village about half-way between

Leeds and Selby . In the tenth century it was a Royal

Manor containing a Palace of King Athelstan . He is said

I to have give n the estate and the house to the Archbishop

8 - Off of York in 93 , as a thank ering for his victory over the Danes . It was the only spot spared by William the Conqueror in his terrible vengeance on York and the

n neighbourhood in 1 0 70 . This was due to its bei g the house of Archbishop Aldred , who had crowned him at

Westminster . It continued to be one of the chief Archi e piscopal residences until the time of William de Melton , when it was almost destroyed by the invading Scotch forces who had just conquered the Yorkshiremen at the l battle of Myton in The house was never rebui t ,

’ and by Thore sby s time ( 1 35 2 - 1 373) had become so w dilapidated, that he ordered it to be taken do n , and used the stone for building the Ladye Chapel of the

( 1 ) In our Latin Chronic le it is said t o h ave been given t o Archbishop Oskyt e l ’ “ ” a w So w l R a s o a s of Se e of o by King Edg r , ith uth el . Cf : ine s Hi t ri n the Y rk,

vol. . 0 ii , p . 34 .

’ - 2 C . Ra s s . 2 . s o o t R i s s . R o s S ) f ine Letter fr m N r hern eg ter ll erie , pp 94 5 1 0 4 HISTORY OF BISHO PTHORPE .

Minster, which is his great memorial . From this time we hear little of Sherburn in connection with the Arch bishops , and gradually most of the land was sold . The only trace now left of the old Manor is a ﬁeld called ” Hall Garth .

CAWOO D CASTLE . The village of Cawood stands on the west bank of the Ouse about six miles above Selby . Like Sherburn , it was given to the Archbishops of York b y King Athelstan in the tenth century . At ﬁrst there was only an ordinary

Manor House , of which we do not hear much before the end of the thirteenth century , though many of Walter ’ f Gray s documents are dated there . Archbishop Gi fard ( 1 2 66 - 1 2 76) obtained permission of Henry III to pull down ” the house , and to rebuild it as a castle ad modum castri .

In time it became a strong fortress , which gave it political as well as ecclesiastical importance . In the then disturbed state of the North , and frequent fighting which prevailed , it was an advantage for the Archbishops to have a fortified stronghold to which they could retire ; and this , added to its convenient position on the river, was doubtless the reason why it became one of their most favourite residences . It was also the scene of their most magnificent hospitality . “ If his Grace of York wished to entertain on a royal scale , he chose Cawood Castle for the purpose . Henry III and Queen Eleanor were lodged here on their way' to Scotland

1 1 in 2 55 . In 2 99 it acquired still greater fame as a royal

1 residence , when Edward I left his Queen here from 2 99

1 0 to 3 4 , while he was ﬁghting against the Scots , returning

- 1 0 PRE RE FORMATION RESIDENCES . 5

i to spend each w nter with her . Here poor Edward II ,

O during his troubled reign , ften sought a refuge in the A home of his happier childhood . lexander Nevill con II sid e rab ly enlarged the castle in the reign of Richard .

1 0 Henry Bowet ( 4 7 famous for his magniﬁcence ,

1 6 - 1 built the great hall . Cardinal Kempe ( 4 2 4 5 2 ) spent m uch money on the place , and it seems to have been his favourite Yorkshire residence during his long tenure of the See . The gateway, which is almost all that is left ,

’ still bears his arms with the Cardinals Hat . He was succeeded by George Nevill , younger brother of Warwick “ ” - 1 the King maker , whose Installation Feast on the 5th of

1 6 6 . January, 4 , has become proverbial Leland has preserved an account of it , with lists of all the chief guests , their

ff men u arrangement at the di erent tables , and a wonderful of the courses at the banquet . It is calculated that some A eighteen hundred persons were present . full account of ’ “ it will be found in Dean Purey- Cust s Heraldry of York ” Minster . He shows that it was really a great political IV demonstration of the Nevill faction against King Edward , who doubtless remembered it , when a few years later he seized the Archbishop ’ s estates and banished him to

France . Archbishop Rotherham died of the plague at Cawood

1 0 0 1 0 in 5 , and his successor (Savage) also died here in 5 7 . The castle again became famous as the scene of poor ’ ol e W s y s arrest. Here it was that he spent the last few quiet weeks of his eventful life , with

“ A ac a o all a s pe e b ve e rthly dignitie , ” A s till an d quiet con scie n ce I

’ “ ” 1 S a s a s III . 2 . ( ) h ke pe re Henry V , iii , 1 0 6 I TORY OF I T R H S B SHOP HO PE .

conﬁrming hundreds of children , and preparing for his instal lation in the Minster, which never took place . He died th a few days after he had left (on November 2 9 , at

Leicester Abbey . Cawood continued for many years to be A the occasional residence of the rchbishops , though its

‘ Old glory was gone , never to return . George Montaigne , a 1 6 8 native of the place , died here in 2 , only a fortnight after his enthronement , and his monument remains in the

Parish Church . Williams was the last Archbishop to

. 1 6 2 occupy the old castle In July, 4 , it was surrounded by the Parliamentary troops , and he had to ﬂy for his life

. was 1 6 6 by night It dismantled in 4 by Act of Parliament ,

S along with several other Yorkshire castles , and has ince been a gradually diminishing ruin ﬁ The property remained

1 88 in possession of the Archbishops of York until 2 , when it was taken over by the Ecclesiastical Commissioners , who still hold the old Manor Court ” in the room over

’ Kempe s gateway .

RIPON .

The Manor of Ripon is said , like so many others , to have been given to the Archbishops by the faithful

Athelstan in the tenth century . Long before that time , however , they had a close connection with the Minster , of which Wilfrid was regarded as the founder and one of the patron - saints and it was only natural that they should have a residence within its precincts . The house

“ 1 o oc sa a az O c o 1 0 . ( ) Cf . Y rk Di e n M g ine , t ber , 9 4

’ ( 2 ) I am indebted for much of the above information t o Whe at e r s History ” n awoo of Sherburn a d C d .

I TORY OF BI O T R 1 0 8 H S SH P HO PE .

said to have been built by Archbishop Bowet , who has the reputation of taking a special interest in that part of “ ” his premises . The present Manor House stands on the “ old site , and when it was built some ancient and strong ” u 1 foundations were taken p . It must have been a convenient centre for working the western part of the diocese .

- BISHOP WILTO N .

Bishop - Wilton is four miles from Pocklington in the

East Riding . Drake says that the Manor was given to the Archbishops by King Athelstan . Little seems to be known about it , though they must have had a house on ’ the estate by Gray s time , for he was often there , and

’ - ickwain ﬁfty two of his documents bear the date . W e was “ 1 8 3 1 2 8 1 1 0 there in 2 3, Romanus in 9 , and Greenﬁeld in 3 received a “ bull ” respecting the election of the Dean of ” lt on York in Capella de Wy . In the twelfth century

’ it is said to have been the scene of one of S . William s s many miracles , the healing of a blind woman . It was seized by Henry VIII and never restored . The house

. w probably soon became a ruin Its site , ith the lines of the old moat , may still be traced , and is to be found in the ordnance map . About forty years ago some of the old foundations were dug up .

’ a s O id is . 1 1 . ( I ) Whit ker L , p 9

’ “ 2 Ra s H s o a s . . 2 1 0 . ( ) ine i t ri n , iii , p

“ ” I . . 2 1 . (3) bid , iii , p 5

I . . 2 . (4) bid , iii , p 33

“ I . . . (5) bid , II , p 537 P - T RE REFORMA ION RESIDENCES . 1 0 9

- BISHOP BURTON .

Bi shop - Burton is a village about three miles west of

Beverley . When it became the property of the See , I have

been unable to discover . It was previously known as

’ South Burton , the scene of one of S . John of Beverley s

miracles . Going there to dedicate the Parish Church , he is said to have been entertained by the owner of the

village , an Earl of the name of Puck , whose wife was

dangerously ill , but was cured by drinking holy water

gi ven to her by the saint . When the Archbishops took

- to residing here the name was changed to Bishop Burton . ’ ix Only S of Gray s documents bear the date . John

1 2 86 Romanus , who became Archbishop in , died here

1 1 th 1 2 6 suddenly on March , 9 , and was buried in the

Minster . The foundations of the old house may still be ” traced in a ﬁeld called Knight Garth , but the site is

wrongly marked in the new ordnance map . The property

1 2 was granted to Henry VIII in 54 by Archbishop Lee , w along ith various other manors , in exchange for certain

monastic estates . The story of the house at Bishopthorpe has already

been told , and we come now to the residences outside

i . Yorkshire , beg nning with London

YORK PLACE . The Archbishop of York’s chief London house was

York Place in Westminster, bought by Walter Gray from

Hubert de Burgh in 1 2 44 . It remained in the possession ’ e P Wolse s f of the North rn rimates until y all , when it was I TORY O F I T R 1 1 0 H S B SHOP HO PE .

seized by Henry VIII and became a Royal Palace , under the better known name of Whitehall .

“ ’ You s n o o ca o P ac a s as mu t m re ll it Y rk l e, th t p t ;

’ F or s c th e a a e a s os in e C rdin l f ll , th t title l t ’ ’ s t he K s a d ca e a Ti n ow n e . ing , ll d Whit h ll

n Its after history is well know , and does not concern ff us here . It was succeeded by Su olk Place in Southwark , ’ the property of Lady Jane Gray s father , the Duke of ff Su olk , which after her attainder was given by Queen

Mary to the See . Archbishop Heath obtained permission to sell it , that he might buy instead the house of the w Bishops of Nor ich in the Strand . This became York ” 1 6 2 2 House , and belonged to the Archbishops until , though it was generally let . Sir Nicolas Bacon became the tenant , and here his famous son , Lord Bacon , was born

2 2 nd 1 6 1 on January , 5 , and lived for some years afterwards

1 6 when he was Lord Chancellor . In 2 2 Archbishop Toby

Matthew, to please the Duke of Buckingham , exchanged

Be ckha it with the King for the Crown manors of y ,

Acomb and Sancton . It afterwards became famous as the residence of the two Dukes of Buckingham . The second

1 6 Duke sold the house in 72 to a brewer, who pulled it

2 w - do n and laid out the site in the well known streets .

BATTERSEA . The Archbishops had a second London house at B attersea . The manor, with four hundred acres , was

’ “ 1 S a s a s III iv. 1 . ( ) h ke pe re Henry V , , 2 s and a ( ) Villier Street Buckingh m Street .

I PT OR 1 1 2 HISTORY OF B SHO H PE .

to him for his life by Edward the Confessor, was translated

1 0 60 to York in . He had spent large sums of money in rebuilding Gloucester Abbey, and when he found the Archbishopric but poorly endowed (in consequence of

Danish inroads) , he appropriated twelve manors from his old southern diocese as a kind of mortgage for his e xpe n

e dit ur on the Abbey . His interest in them was only for life , and they should have been restored to Worcester at his death when they passed with the York estates into the King 3 hands . There was a ﬁerce dispute on the ’ matter in the time of Aldred s successor, Thomas , who at last in 1 0 95 resigned them to Worcester along with all claim on that diocese . The Archbishops , however, were

the not satisﬁed , and Gloucester Cartulary tells how the

1 1 1 controversy smouldered on . In 5 the case was referred to the Roman Curia, which appointed three arbitrators , with the result that eight of the manors were restored to

osse sion York , and remained in p of the Archbishops until the Reformation . It was necessary that they should reside

s occa ionally in Gloucestershire to look after this property , ’ v and to isit S . Oswald s Priory, over which they had juris diction . For this purpose they had houses at Churchdown and Oddington , where many of their documents in the

York Registers are dated . They were surrendered , with the other six manors , to Henry VIII by Holgate , and were both granted by Edward VI “ to Sir Thomas Chamberlain in whose family they remained for several generations . Old t Part of the Manor House still remains at Odding on ,

’ now a farm building . Seven of Archbishop Gray s docu w ments are dated there , and twenty at Churchdo n .

’ “ ” A k n s c s rs ( I ) t y Glou e te hire . PR - R TI I C E REFO MA ON RES DEN ES . 1 1 3

SCROO BY . The Archbishops had at least three residences in A their Nottingham rchdeaconry , at Scrooby, Laneham and

Southwell . Scrooby is in the extreme north of the

' county, near to Bawtry, a hamlet in the parish of Sutton , on the great north road . I cannot ﬁnd by whom the property was given to the See ; it was probably the benefaction of one of the Saxon Kings , for it is mentioned

m e dia val in Domesday Book . In times it was one of

’ ’ “ the Archbishops most favourite residences , and in Gray s register ranks next to Cawood , no less than seventy of his documents being dated there , some in almost every

I Thorot on year of his long episcopate . , writing in the reign of Charles II , says that the house had been far greater and better than Southwell until Archbishop

’ Sandys time . It was surrendered to Henry VIII , to i whom , however, we must g ve the credit of buying it back again for the See in The Archbishops never seem to have used it as a regular residence after the

Reformation . It was leased with the park for many years to members of the Sandys family, who allowed it to fall into decay, and some of them were still tenants in ’ Sharp s time . A clause in his lease gives us an interesting peep into the archiepiscopal manner of travelling at the beginning of the eighteenth century . It runs as follows The tenant to provide rooms and lodging for the

- Archbishop and twelve of his servants , and stable room and hay for fourteen horses , for one day and a night

’ ’ I r s s Th orot on s s o f vol . . . ( ) Th o b y Edition of Hi t ry o iii , p 439

’ 2 C . St r e s E c c . . . . 2 . . ( ) f yp l Mem , ii , pt , p 77 1 1 ISTOR OF I O T R 4 H Y B SH P HO PE .

” I t hithe r once a quarter, if the Archbishop comes . This would be on his way to London . I am told that there are hardly any traces of the old house left .

There was a hospital close by , in the patronage of

h - x - t the Archbis ops , called S . Mary Magdalen ju ta Baw ry, about which a lawsuit arose between John Slack , who had been collated to the mastership by Toby Matthew, and certain persons in possession , who tried to keep him out . The master won his case before the Barons of the

” '

z . e 1 6 1 0 Exchequer, octavo Jacobi , . , and at the request

Archib isho of p Neile some years later , wrote an account f of the hospital and of the whole af air , which is printed ’ “ in Hearne s Peter Lan gt of

LANEHAM .

Laneham is on the river Trent , about twelve miles west of Lincoln . The Archbishops had a house on the

o h i estate and were ften t ere , judging by the reg sters , for

’ more than forty of Gray s documents bear the date .

Archbishop Corbridge died here in 1 30 3.

“ ”3 raesul ob d orm urt Ad Lanum in Domino p , says the

1 5 all old metrical chronicle . This , however , that I have been able to discover of its history . There are no

and traditions left in the parish , county histories are silent . The property remained in the hands of the

Archbishops , and Sharp describes it leased in his time

’ ( 1 ) Sh arp s MSS.

2 Vol. . . 8 . ( ) ii , p 3 9

’ ” Ra n s s o a s vol. IL . 8 . (3) i e Hi t ri n , , p 4 3

F T R 1 1 6 H ISTORY O B ISHO P HO PE .

- It into a dwelling house . was surrendered by Lee to the

King and given to the Duke of Northumberland , but at his attainder re - granted by Mary to the See The Arch A Puritan Sandys was the last rchbishop to live here , and it seems to have been his favourite residence . It was almost destroyed by the Parliamentary troops about 1 64 6 . How Bishop Trollope bought it from the Ecclesiastical Old Commissioners , wishing to recover the residence for

is . the new Bishop of Southwell , a matter of recent history It is possible that the above list is far from being complete . The Archbishops certainly had a house at

Beverley as I have been informed by Canon Nolloth , and possibly at Patrington , where they were lords of the manor , though no traces nor traditions of the latter remain . It is curious that they should have had no residence in the northern part of Yorkshire . When the rest of the splendid collection of archiepiscopal registers which lie waiting at York are edited , as Raine edited that of Walter Gray, stores of fresh information will be open to those who are interested in this and other more important subjects connected with the Church of the 1 North . They begin with the year 2 2 5 and are complete up to the present time , with only one gap of ten years , 1 - 1 2 56 2 66 . It is to be hoped that before long someone will be found to take up the mantle of the much - missed

Chancellor Raine , and devote himself to carrying on his work . Meantime , this short record may help to give some idea of one part of the life and duties of a ae medi val bishop , and to show how great a burden has ' been been taken oﬂ . the shoulders of modern prelates by the Ecclesiastical Commission .

’ “ ” 1 Rastall s s o of So w . . E o ( ) Hi t ry uth ell , p 345 ( diti n ,

T H E E N D . D E X .

c s o s of o H s o of Ar hbi h p Y rk , i t ry , 43

c as 2 8 rc v s of a ac c s o A ter, 3, A hi e the P l e , by Ar hbi h p

cas a s C c Po c of 1 o 80 8 8 A ter M lbi hur h , r h , , L ngley, , 5 , 7

c v s of Se e of or 1 0 2 47 , 77 Ar hi e Y k , 93,

co C ow a o of 1 1 0 c s o of C a A mb , r n M n r , Arundel , Ar hbi h p nterbury , co se e I v o 1 6 A mb ( n ent ry), 3 4

so c os ca a C o 1 s a a C c Addi n en l ed Vi r ge r ft, 5 A kh m Bry n hur h , 35 1 ss ss 1 0 0 Wife Anne died , 5 A e ment, 7 , 34

s a Sa o 6 1 0 1 0 6 F . 1 662 A . , , 73 Athel t n , x n King, 9 , 4 , , i 1 0 8 A nst y, 1

Ain st a a s a Pa ac o f 1 0 y W pent ke, 5 Athel t n , l e , 3

rc s o so T o as of o 1 6 8 Albert , A hbi h p , 95 Atkin n , h m , Y rk , 7 9 , 3 ” c Atk ns o c s s 1 1 2 Al uin , 95 y , Gl u e ter hire,

c s o 6 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 2 s Aldred , Ar hbi h p , 9 , 3, , Augu tine , 94

s o 1 1 v so o 1 6 2 Alfric , Archbi h p , died , 5 A i n , Anth ny , 37, 7 ’ s C so wa Co O fﬁ c of c s o s Alle tree , the en r , 75 A rd , py in e Ar hbi h p

a P a Old sa a 1 8 S c a o 2 8 Alt r l te , di ppe red in 39 , e ret ry , Y rk , 5 1

a c a b orace n sia 1 0 An le t E ,

w C a of St . 1 0 2 ac a 2 8 Andre , h pel , B k L ne ,

w r o of St . 1 1 ac o o 1 1 0 Andre , P i ry , B n , L rd ,

And re wt h or e 8 1 1 1 2 Barcast on R c a p , , , , i h rd de , 9

And re wt h or e c a t o s o a o or o woo a 6 p , h nged Bi h p B rleyth rpe ( L ng d) F rm , 4

o 1 a ow a c s th rpe, 9 B rl , Fr n i , 49

n s a a 1 1 0 A gle , 3 B tterse ,

An n ot son o s 2 aw 1 1 , Ge rgiu , 4 B try , 3

Annot son T o as 1 6 a R c a , h m , 59 , 53 B xter, i h rd , 73

rc a o o c a I s Proc s kh a C ow a o of 1 1 0 A h e l gi l n titute , eeding Be c y, r n M n r ,

of . R . avi s 1 8 6 6 ir o a Co ss o D e , 4 , 5 Beckwith , S Le n rd , ( mmi i ner

Ar h molo ical oc s o and c g S iety, Bri t l in 33

o c s 1 1 c w S a s o 2 Gl u e ter, Be k ith , teph nu , jur r, 4

Arch molo ic al and To o a ca u 6 g p gr phi l Beder , 9

o a c 1 1 0 1 J urn l , 7 Benedi tine Nunnery , 3 , 5 a 1 6- 8 1 rc ae o o ca Soc o a o Be rd m ore R e v . W . c A h l gi l iety J urn l , Y rk , , Vi r 73 3 , 4

sh I O 8 r o 1 1 1 ire , 5 , 7, , 4 Be keley , Arn ld de , , 5

rc s o s of o o s of a o c a A hbi h p Y rk , L rd M n r , Berni i , 3 2 2 v 1 8 1 0 1 1 6 Be erley, , 94 , 9 , D 1 1 8 IN EX .

“ ” v H s o of O v 8 Bust ard th o r e 1 2 1 1 8 Be erley , i t ry , li er , 9 p , , 4 ,

v s cc o o f . a n 6 Be erley Min ter , A unt , Burnell , Mr M rti , 4

ac Le h , 95

v St . o o f 1 0 Be erley, J hn , 9 C

’ S a s ac 8 a a as 2 Bible , h rp Bl k Letter, 7 C al cari (T dc ter),

s o o 1 8 1 2 8 a f a a s 6 Bi h pth rpe , , , 4 , Calend r o St te P per , 9 “ s o or a s : use of a a w H s o o f Co c e s Bi h pth pe , e rlie t n me, C rd ell , i t ry nferen , I 9 69

s o or a as Biscu t h or 1 as 66 1 0 1 0 1 0 6 1 1 1 Bi h pth pe, li p p , 9 C awoo d C tle , , 4 , 5 , ,

s o o a as Bussh O e th or e as C a Bi h pth rpe , li pp p , Cawood C tle h pel , 35

2 “ H s o o f 5 C awood and Sherburn , i t ry ,

s o o a as B sso t h or e 2 a 1 0 6 Bi h pth rpe , li y p p , 3 Whe ter,

s o o a as T o - a a in h am a 1 Bi h pth rpe , li h rp juxt C y g , Willi m de , 5

a 1 E o c C a St . 1 b r um , 9 h d , , 3, 94

s o o a as So o h am n e s M r. 1 2 Bi h p Burt n , li uth Burt n , C p y , ,

1 0 s 1 6 2 1 1 2 9 Ch antry H ou e , , , 4 , 4

s o - o 1 0 8 a C a of s o o Bi h p Wilt n , Ch ntry in h pel Bi h pth rpe ,

ac c s o a c o 1 a o s 2 0 Bl kburn , Ar hbi h p L n el t , 5 , b li hed ,

C a C a a 1 45 , 79 h ntry h pl in , 5

a . c aco of o 1 C a P s 1 6 Bl ke , Dr , Ar hde n Y rk , 5 h ntry rie t ,

- oo c s o . 1 1 1 C a an o H o s B th , Ar hbi h p L , h pel , M r u e , 59 o 1 1 1 C a Pa ac R s o a o o f 1 8 2 B leyn , Anne , h pel , l e , e t r ti n , 9 , o n o 6 0 B li gbr ke , 5 9 , 93 o a of Pa s 1 866 0 C a Pa ac ows 1 2 B und ry ri h , , 3 h pel , l e , Wind , 9 , 9

ow c s o H 66 1 0 1 0 8 C a of T o St . w 1 6 B et , Ar hbi h p enry , , 5 , h pel h rp Andre ,

aff o 1 a o R o 2 0 Br ert n , 5 Ch l ner , bert ,

’ B e ss o f o a o a o ss o s r ary, Mi , Middleth rpe M n r, Ch rity C mmi i ner E nquiry,

1 1 82 - 1 8 4 4 95 , 53

a s s T 2 a s Brig nte , (Briti h ribe), Ch ritie , 53

oo Sa a 1 C a s I at s o or 2 2 Br ke , r h , 5 h rle Bi h pth pe ,

ow ac s a 6 Br n , Gr e , buried , 34 Churc h E t te , 5 “ ow s o s and h is C c s 1 c Br ne , Bi h p , Augu tine hur h (ﬁr t), 3th entury, pulled

C o a o s ow 2 8 1 mp ni n , 3 d n , , 3 , 35

a s Re v. E . V . 2 c s con 1 8 Bry n , de , 9 Chur h ( e d) , 3 , 35 , 3

c n a s o f 1 1 0 re - Bu ki gh m , Duke , Church opened , 37

o Re v. . Be rd m ore Pre c a Old 1 2 Bugth rpe , W , Chur h W lk , ,

a o f 1 1 a C a 1 1 1 bend ry , 743, 4 Churchdown ( ne r heltenh m) , ,

oc o s o 2 2 6 Bull k , Ge rgiu , jur r , 4 , 1 1 2

H 1 0 T s a a 8 1 8 Burgh , ubert de , 9 Church ime , J nu ry th , 97 “ ’ s Th o . E s . of cas 2 6 c s o s s a Bu hell , , q , A ter, Ar hbi h p Herring Vi it ” Bust ard h all 1 o 81 , 9 ti n ,

s a R o 1 2 1 8 c wa s 1 1 0 2 2 Bu t rd , bert , , 7, 5 Chur h rden , 549 , 59 , 5 , 3

D I 2 0 IN EX .

e t rc s o (1 Egb r , A hbi h p , 95

e b ur Ro F it z Warn e r a c C c Egg g, ger de , 9 G llery , ere ted in hur h , 34

a o at Cawoo 1 0 a ows 8 Ele n r, ! ueen , d , 4 G ll , 9

woo . . P s a s a ow and a 2 Ell d , Mr L , re byteri n Mini ter G ll Field G te , 3

s o o 2 2 a 6 in Bi h pth rpe , , 33 G mel ,

C os a av T o as 2 0 E ller l e , 54 G rgr e , h m ,

a s o 8 G as o o o 0 88 Elmh m , Bi h p , br ught fr m Y rk , 3 , ’ as s Pa a as 2 G as in a s 0 Er mu r phr e , 5 Street l mp , 3

rf as t or H e rf as t or Arfast us a wa of Pa ac s 8 E , , , 7 G te y l e ﬁni hed , 3

a c s o 1 1 E thelred , 4 Ger rd , Ar hbi h p , died , 5 “ ” ﬁ M alm e s c s o ac a s s a Pon ti cum . of Exeter, Ar hbi h p Bl kburn , tr n Ge t , W 1 8 a o bury , , l ted fr m , 79 I II o a of 8 George , p rtr it , 4 Eye , 7 o s 6 Gibb n , Grinling , 7

ff a rc s o a 1 0 F Gi rd , A hbi h p W lter , 5 , 4 , 1 0 4 a r a o f I o 2 2 F i f x Gilling, 7 , , , 49 rc s o 82 Gilbert, A hbi h p , a a C of c as 2 6 irf x , uthbert, A ter , F 1 2 Gloucester Abbey, 1 a a Sir a C o ss o F irf x , Willi m , mmi i ner s a a 1 1 2 Glouce ter C rtul ry, 1 2 in 553. 5 , 33 ” s Atk ns 1 1 2 o c s , y , “ ” Gl u e ter hire F ar So 2 8 uth Field , o so aco s o 2 ” G d n , J bu , jur r , 4 F ar s 2 8 We t Field , Good ram at e o of a ” g , the rigin the n me , as Eb orace nse s Ra 1 6 F ti , ine , 7 , 3, 43, 9 4 of 8 ee Luttrell , d e re o of o 2 6 F Goo y , J hn , Middleth rpe , a of C s C c O o ell , De n hri t hur h , xf rd , o R c a a o f F Goldth rp , i h rd , Alderm n

75 1 2 0 York , 543, 8 off s , 1 62 and 1 , M r 0 e 3 95 57 o s . 1 F Gowth rpe , , ” F e oﬁ C a h rity , 35 a a 0 Gr nge F rm , 3 at s o o o 2 2 erry Bi h th rpe pened , 9 , 4 a Ro 1 2 F p Gr y , bert , a o u o 2 errym n Guid , j r r, 4 a o F Gr y , J hn de , 9 “ ” a o s iddler St tue in Y rk Min ter, 79 a al c s o 8 1 1 1 2 F , , , , Gr y, W ter , Ar hbi h p 9 , s - s 1 1 6 8 Fir t Fruit , 9 7 5 , , 5 ’ 6 ish e r at e Bar 1 1 a s s , 1 F g , Gr y beque t ’ 1 2 1 oo a 1 8 2 8 a s R i s , , 5 , 59 Fl d , Gre t, 9 , 4 Gr y eg ter “ a 2 a s o of o a Con Gre asworth , , 7 Freem n , Hi t ry N rm n Willi m ” rc s o 1 0 8 quest 6 Greenﬁeld , A hbi h p ,

a t e e Pa ane ll 8 o Po F re th e s n (s g ), Greg ry , pe , 94 1 62 8 w c s o cc Gregson , Ellen , ned 3, 4 Fre en , Ar hbi h p A epted , 73 ﬁ 0 68 o a of a 1 57 , Fulf rd , B ttle , 4 Grind l , o f c 1 68 6 0 o I s 2 8 Ground Pl an Chur h , 7 , 3 , 5 Fulf rd ng , a s C a n o Roa 1 1 Guthrum , D ni h hieft i , 4 Fulf rd d , “ aw s se e C a o s 2 1 C c acoc M SS . Guy ke ( h ntry H u e), Furniture , hur h , Pe k , F ow o 2 1 3! Gunp der Pl t , INDEX . 1 2 1

H o so o n 1 8 1 se e C a s H dg n , J h , 9 ( h ritie ,

l a R a 0 H a id y, lph , 4 P 5 5

H a R c a 2 H old e b e rt R o r 1 ll , i h rd , 7 , be t , 7

a a r -in -E 1 0 H o a 1 1 2 H ll G rth , Sherbu n lmet, 4 lg te , H o a rc s o R o 2 0 1 0 0 H and son o i s ro 2 lg te , A hbi h p bert, , , , Ge rg u , ju r, 4 1 1 1 a co t rc s o 2 H r ur , A hbi h p , 9 , 44 , 53, 54 , H o a Sir o 1 8 87 ll nd , J hn , H o s 2 milie , 5 H a co . o 1 6 r urt, Mr Vern n , , 43, 45 H oo o a o s se e Pa ane ll a o ir a t n P gnell , Y rk , ( g ), H rc urt , S Willi m , 43 ” 8 H a ov H s or o f o rgr e , i t y Y rk , 79 H o s o Co ca s 2 0 u eling pe ple ( mmuni nt ), H ar rad a of o wa H arold d , King N r y , 5 H umber, 3 H arsn e t c s o 1 , Ar hbi h p , 7 H o rc s o a w 6 utt n , A hbi h p M tthe , 9 a s vic co c of H rve t Ser e ( mmen ement ) , 8 3 I a of se e a H as s , , ( ), 7 ting B ttle M let I ra a 1 0 2 ng m f mily, H awke swort h a car 1 6 , Willi m , i 37 , V I oc III Po of 1 nn ent , pe, Bull , 3, 97 2 7 , 33 In uisit ion e s o s 1 q (Y rk hire), 9 2 aw s , , 7 H kin Guy I n uisit ion e s os - o 1 8 q p t m rtem , ’ H axo e s T o as w 2 , , , 7 pp h m ife I v n o C c oo s 1 n e t ry , hur h G d , 549 , a o i s o 2 He dley, Ge rg u , jur r, 4 Bish o t h or e Ruff ort h H a a p p , , e l ugh , H a a s e e I v o 1 e l ugh , n ent ry , 3 o 1 2 Ac mb , 3 , 3 “ ” H a P an crof t 1 1 e rne , eter L g , 4 Inventories of Church Goods (Surtees H a c s o 1 0 1 1 1 1 e th , Ar hbi h p , , oc S iety), 33 H swo H os a at 2 0 em rth , pit l , I a of a a 1 2 2 8 tiner ry W lter Gr y , , 99 H n I e ry , 7

H III at Cawoo 1 1 0 enry , d , 3, 4 J

H III 1 0 8 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 2 enry , , 9 , , , ac son M 2 V , r. J k , 5 ”

H II . 2 a i 1 I n v . enry V , iii , d , ac so Ricu s 2 J k n , , 4 S a s a 1 0 1 1 0 h ke pe re , 5 , a s I at s o o J me , Bi h pth rpe , H a of o s P er ldry Y rk Min ter , urey o 1 1 1 6 J hn , King, 3, 5 , C s 1 0 u t , 5 o St . of v J hn , , Be erley, 95 rri c s o T o as o a He ng, Ar hbi h p h m , p rtr it , o s rc ac o J ne , A hde n , 39

47 o s 1 6 1 2 Jur r in 7 , 4 r s a o E s 1 Her ing, Vi it ti n nquirie , 743,

80 , 81 K

w o 1 0 He ett , J hn , 49 Keep , Little , 3

H a Pr o of C ar a 66 1 0 exh m , i ry , 97 , 99 Kempe , din l , , 5

h a s oc s of or a a of 1 8 Hex m hire , Di e e Y k till Kent, F ir M id ,

1 8 M r. o f a o 2 37 , 99 Key , , W ter Fulf rd , 4 “ ’ S ff of o s s se e s v C o s f or High heri Y rk hire, ﬁr t ( King E il , erem nie the

a H a of . 8vo . o o 1 686 . M let), 7 e ling L nd n , ” s or a s Ra 1 0 8 1 1 1 1 1 1 o s a 2 Hi t i n , ine , , , 4 , 1 5 Y rk Min ter Libr ry , 7 D 1 2 2 IN EX .

’ ” s T as 1 6 oid is a 1 0 1 0 8 King re urer , L , Whit ker , 7 ,

’ s 1 6 o c s o 8 Kirby s Inque t, L ngley , Ar hbi h p , 7

r o 1 6 o woo or a o a 6 Ki kby, J hn de , L ng d ( B rleyth rpe) F rm , 4

r s a 1 1 8 o s of a o 2 Ki k t ll Abbey , 9 , , 5 L rd M n r, 3 ’ K s a o s and o of o s as 2 8 irk t ll , M nk Abb t , 9 L rd W te , the ,

c s Pa ac 81 o T os . 2 6 Kit hen , pre ent l e L ugher, h ,

a s o o Cas I OO Sir off a s Kn re b r ugh tle , Luttrell , Ge rey de , rm in

ort a s o f c s o C a -H o s o s 8 Kneller, p r it Ar hbi h p , h pter u e , Y rk Min ter,

a and Sir . aw s L mplugh , W D e , 6 8 7 , 7 M ’ s s o s 1 0 2 - Knight Fee in Y rk hire , 3 3, ac a a rc s o 8 8 M l g n , A hbi h p , 4 , 9 1 1 6, 7 ” a rc s o 8 a 1 0 M gee , A hbi h p , 9 Knight G rth , 9 a a C a a 1 s T a 1 0 M gn h rt , 3 Knight empl r, M alb s a 1 0 1 y f mily, , 7

M alb s z a a nd o L y , Eli beth Hug de, 7

a R o 6 1 a a a a M SS . 1 , , , L mbeth P l ce Libr ry , 3 M let bert 7 “ a s a c s o T o as 6 , a , s a L mplugh , Ar hbi h p h m , 7 M lme bury Willi m de Ge t ” a c as of 1 8 Pont iﬁ cum 1 L n ter , Duke , , “ ” a s a an croft 1 1 , , s o o f L g , Peter, 4 M lme bury Willi m de Hi t ry ” s s o s 8 a a R s c at 1 1 1 1 Engli h Bi h p , L neh m , e iden e , 3, 4 a o - o s at s a a c rc s o of C a 8 o o 1 , 1 8, L nfr n , A hbi h p nterbury , M n r H u e Bi h pth rpe , 4

wa 8. 6o 6 a a M r. c L ngd le , , Chur h rden , 47 5 , 7 a o Co 2 a o S o 1 M n r urt , 7 L ngt n , im n de , 3

as a a o a 0 L tingh m , 95 M n r F rm , 3 a o R o s 1 62 1 2 1 6 1 80 asc s H on . E o 1 2 M n r ll , 3, 7 3, 7 5 , 5 , L elle , grem nt, 1 82 1 8 1 881 1 8 a c s o 1 , 54, , 5 , L ud , Ar hbi h p , 7 9 9 57 “ a a ac cco of v s , c s o and o a Le h , A unt Be erley Min ter, M rkh m Ar hbi h p , p rtr it of 1 8 95 , 4 , 4

c s o 1 0 0 1 0 a a a 1 0 2 Lee , Ar hbi h p , , 9 M rkh m , De n ,

s 1 62 2 a s o oo se e rc s o Leede , Peter , 3, 7 M r t n M r ( A hbi h p T o s Soc Dolb e n Leeds h re by iety , 9 ), 74

o 6th R o a 2 a 1 0 1 1 1 0 Legi n , m n , M ry , ! ueen , ,

c s 1 0 6 a St . s o S o o Lei e ter Abbey , M ry, , Bi h phill eni r in Y rk ,

e a 1 0 E c c s as ca Pa s of 0 L l nd , 5 le i ti l ri h , 3 “ ” ’ a COIL 6 a s St . o as o 6 Lel nd , , 9 M ry , , M n tery , Y rk , 9

“ - a I a 1 a a a t . uxt a a Lel nd , tiner ry , 9 M ry M gd len , S , j B wtry ,

a o a s o f R o 1 0 os a of 1 1 Lel nd , Mem ri l ip n , 7 H pit l , 4

s and s o s 2 a w rc s o To 6 Lester , Heur Petru , jur r , 4 M tthe , A hbi h p by , 9 ” a c o s c o 81 a w Mrs . To 0 Libr ry Ane d te , Ni h l , M tthe , by, 7

i h ﬁ e ld and a a 1 a c R c a 1 1 se L c W lter Gr y , 3 M uri e , i h rd , 7 9 ( e Ch arities

s o s of wh o av co Lichﬁeld , Bi h p , h e be me P 54

c s o s o f o 1 a o Th e C o ss o Ar hbi h p Y rk , 3 M y r, , mmi i ner 33

D 1 2 4 IN EX.

a o f 6 M r 2 P s o R a s . ier , J hn , de th , 9 i in , , 9

P a of ac 2 1 R ann ul h a of C s ilgrim ge Gr e , p , E rl he ter, 7 “ ” o 8 R ast e ll H s o o f So w 1 1 6 Pill ry, 9 , i t ry uth ell ,

' P T o as o 2 R a s a c s inder, h m , jur r , 4 yne , Fr n i , 49 P sc a a E s in s n R s i 8 1 2 i in , E rly ngli h pre e t egi ter Album ( j , 7,

C rc 1 1 1 R s a 8 hu h , , 3 egi ter , Annu l , 7

’ Plans o f Arc hbishop s Pal ac e at Registry o f Dean and Chapter of o 1 0 o 1 6 Y rk , 3 Y rk, Pleas ure Grounds of the Palace Residences (Pre -Reform ation) of the

a 8 c s o s of o enl rged , 5 Ar hbi h p Y rk , 94 R a s of a o o c a II 1 8 1 0 . Plur litie C n n Dix n , 44 i h rd , , 5

Po c l t o 1 0 8 R o s and a o o f 1 k ing n , ip n , Min ter M n r , 4 ,

a as an d P o 2 0 6 2 1 0 6 Pontefr c t C tle ri ry , , 94 , ” o a s a at s o o 2 R o o a s of e land Surte e s P pl r pl nted Bi h pth rpe , 9 ip n , Mem ri l , L (

P a S a s 1 Soc 1 0 rebend l t ll , 4 iety), 43, 7

P s o T o as ca 2 1 2 R v a re t n , h m , Vi r , 3 i er W ll , rebuilt , 37

P o o f St . w 1 1 1 Ro c s o 1 0 2 ri ry Andre , , 4 ger , Ar hbi h p ,

P o of St . C 1 R o 1 ri ry lement , 5 me , 3

o and o s of St . w R o a a 2 Pri r M nk Andre , m n Alt r,

1 1 1 1 R o a C r a 1 1 2 , 7 , 3 m n u i ,

ov c 2 8 R o a o s Pr iden e Green , m n F rt , 3

c E a 1 0 R o a o s w aw Pu k rl , 9 m n Legi n ithdr n , 3

P ulle i n e o 2 6 R o a a s s , J hn m n W r hip , 3 Ro a s o r 8 1 Pulle n os . o 2 c s o 1 0 0 y , J , jur r , 4 m nu , J hn , A hbi h p , , 9

-C s H a of o R o R c o of 1 Purey u t, er ldry Y rk thbury, e t ry , 4 ” s 8 1 0 R o a c s o a as T o as Min ter , , 5 therh m , Ar hbi h p , li h m Sco 66 0 tt, , 1 5

R o a Co at 66 ! therh m , llege ,

' ’ s o Ruﬁ orth se e I v o 1 ! ueen Anne B unty , 45 , ( n ent ry), 3 R 1 unnymede , 3

R o 6 R yther pr perty , 45 , 4

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