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Jahrbücher Für Geschichte Osteuropas Jahrbücher für Geschichte Osteuropas jgo.e-reviews 7 (2017), 4 Online-Rezensionssupplement An online book review supplement Im Auftrag des Instituts für Ost- und Südosteuropaforschung Regensburg herausgegeben von On behalf of the Institut für Ost- und Südosteuropaforschung Regensburg edited by Martin Schulze Wessel (München ) und Dietmar Neutatz (Freiburg im Breisgau) Veröffentlicht auf Published on http://www.recensio.net/rezensionen/zeitschriften/jahrbucher-fur-geschichte-osteuropas/index_html © Institut für Ost- und Südosteuropaforschung 2018 Redaktion / Editorial Office: Redaktion der Jahrbücher für Geschichte Osteuropas Leitung / Head of office: Dr.Hermann Beyer-Thoma Institut für Ost- und Südosteuropaforschung Regensburg Landshuter Straße 4 93047 Regensburg E-Mail: [email protected], [email protected] Internet: http://www.jgo-online.de Telefon: +49 (0941) 943-5414 / 5417 Fax: +49 (0941) 943815414 Die digitalen Rezensionen von „Jahrbücher für Geschichte Osteuropas. jgo.e-reviews“ werden nach den gleichen strengen Regeln begutachtet und redigiert wie die Rezensio- nen, die in den Heften abgedruckt werden. Digital book reviews published in Jahrbücher für Geschichte Osteuropas. jgo.e-reviews are submitted to the same quality control and copy-editing procedure as the reviews published in print. Jahrbücher für Geschichte Osteuropas. jgo.e-reviews 7 (2017), 4 1 Interkulturelle Ritualpraxis in der Vormoderne. ler“ an nicht symbolisch aufgeladenen Orten zur Diplomatische Interaktion an den östlichen Schaffung politischer Realität. Grenzen der Fürstengesellschaft. Hrsg. von JAN HENNINGS vergleicht Verfahren der Doku- Claudia Garnier / Christine Vogel. Berlin: Dun- mentation von Gesandtschaftsritualen: Für die briti- cker & Humblot, 2016. 180 S., 1 Kte. = Zeit- sche Seite spricht er von „Erfahrungswissen“, das schrift für Historische Forschung, Beiheft 52. der eine Diplomat dem anderen weitergab, für die ISBN: 978-3-428-14784-7. russische von „Behördenwissen“, Wissen, dessen Speicherung und Monopolisierung Sache des Ge- Inhaltsverzeichnis: sandtschaftsamtes war. Ähnlich wie dem Rezensen- https://d-nb.info/1081381965/04 ten aus der monastischen Kultur vertraut, wird aus dem Beitrag zugleich deutlich, wie viel soziales Ler- Wie schon aus dem Titel des auf einer Tagung an nen notwendig ist, um fähig zu sein, im Rahmen der Universität Vechta beruhenden Bandes ersicht- pragmatischer Schriftlichkeit Abläufe so angemessen lich, fügen sich die Einleitung und die sechs Fallstu- zu beschreiben, dass sie wiedererkennbar und nach- dien in mehrere aktuelle Forschungslinien ein: Sie vollziehbar sind. Redaktionell ungeschickt wird hier sind der auf Akteure und symbolische Kommunika- in einem deutschsprachigen Beitrag nicht die DIN- tion konzentrierten neuen Diplomatiegeschichte zu- Transliteration für kyrillische Titel, sondern die ame- zuordnen. Sie sind als Beiträge zur Verflechtungsge- rikanische Transliteration verwendet. schichte oder auch zur Stereotypenforschung zu le- Die Beiträge von FLORIAN KÜHNEL und CHRIS- sen. Gemeinsam ist ihnen allen, dass es um Begeg- TINE VOGEL beziehen sich auf britische und franzö- nungen zwischen verschiedenen Lebenswelten geht, sische Diplomaten in Konstantinopel. Es war gera- dass verschiedene Regelwerke und Wertsysteme auf- dezu ein Spiel, jedem Gesandten den Eindruck zu einander treffen. Wie die Herausgeberinnen in der vermitteln, gerade ihm würde etwas mehr an Ehre Einleitung selbst betonen, sanktionieren die Gesand- als Anderen erwiesen. GÁBOR KÁRMÁN befasst sich ten durch ihre Berichte die kulturelle Alterität. mit Gesandtschaften der siebenbürgischen Fürsten Der Beitrag von GERD ALTHOFF bezieht sich auf zum Pascha in Ofen. Der Handkuss des Gesandten Kontakte zwischen Polen und dem Reich im Hoch- stand nicht für eine Unterordnung des Fürsten unter mittelalter; eine der wichtigsten Hürden in der unge- den Pascha, sondern nur des Gesandten selbst. störten symbolischen Kommunikation war mit der Denn hier kam etwas zum Tragen, was in dem Band Christianisierung Polens beseitigt. CLAUDIA GAR- mehrfach angesprochen ist: Während im europäi- NIER geht auf die Erfahrungen und Wahrnehmun- schen Gesandtschaftsritual der Gesandte seinen gen westlicher Gesandter am Moskauer Hof ein. An- Herrn vertritt und dessen Würde entsprechend emp- scheinend bestehen geradezu anthropologische Kon- fangen wird, ist im osmanischen Gesandtenwesen stanten an Zeichen, die auch bei ganz unterschiedli- der Gesandte Beamter im Dienst seines Herrn, und chen gegenseitigen Erwartungshaltungen symboli- die ihm zu erweisende Ehre entspricht seinem Status sche Kommunikation initiieren können. Bezogen auf in der Beamtenhierarchie – ein kulturelle Missver- den für den Westeuropäer befremdlichen Kreuzkuss ständnisse herausfordernder Unterschied. wäre ergänzend zu verweisen auf den Aufsatz von Unter Nicht-Berücksichtigung des Beitrages zum PETR STEFANOVIČ: Der Eid des Adels gegenüber Hochmittelalter heißt es, mich befremdend, in der dem Herrscher im mittelalterlichen Rußland, in: Einleitung (S. 11): „Es geht also um jene Reiche, de- JGO 53 (2005), S. 497–505. Ich kann der Autorin ren Zugehörigkeit zu Europa bis heute – derzeit wie- nicht zustimmen, dass rituelle Ausdrucksformen da- der besonders aktuell und kontrovers – diskutiert mals die politische Realität konstituiert hätten, heute wird: das Großfürstentum Moskau sowie das Osma- hingegen „bedeutungsloses Beiwerk inhaltsleerer Re- nische Reich.“ Hier wird die Option der Ausgren- präsentation“ seien (S. 63). Gewiss ist das Ritual ver- zung geradezu geschichtlich festgeschrieben. Dem- einfacht und vor allem, von Ausnahmen abgesehen, gegenüber erweist sich der Band als Plädoyer dafür, säkularisiert, aber es sind noch immer Regeln der dass interkulturelle Kommunikation unabhängig von symbolischen Kommunikation zu beachten, und deutlichen Strukturunterschieden anstrebbar und man kann diese Regeln instrumentalisieren. Und möglich ist und dass es, statt scharfer Grenzen zwi- auch in der Vormoderne gehörten Momente des ‚un- schen dem Wir und allen Anderen, vielfache Abstu- gezwungenen‘ Verhandelns eben durch „Unterhänd- fungen von Vertrautheit und Fremdheit gibt. Ludwig Steindorff, Kiel Hrsg: Martin Schulze Wessel u. Dietmar Neutatz i. A. des Instituts für Ost- und Südosteuropaforschung Regensburg 2 Jahrbücher für Geschichte Osteuropas. jgo.e-reviews 7 (2017), 4 Jews and Muslims in the Russian Empire and cal developments rather than Muslim societal reform the Soviet Union. Ed. by Franziska Davies / and unity, Khalid demonstrates on the example of Martin Schulze Wessel / Michael Brenner. Göt- the Central Asian Jadid movement that within Cen- tingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2015. 168 S., tral Asia, too, Muslims were not united on the issue 12 Abb., 4 Tab. = Religiöse Kulturen im Europa of social and political reform. Historical develop- der Neuzeit, 6. ISBN: 978-3-525-31028-1. ments in Russia and then Soviet geopolitical interests and ideology decided the fate of Central Asian Mus- Table of Contents: lim population, not its internal political evolution. https://d-nb.info/1071491431/04 Similarly, the Jewish population was diverse and did not form one political front in the revolutionary pe- Jews and Muslims were the largest non-Orthodox riod, but due to its geographical location in the Eu- minorities in the Russian empire since the end of the ropean part of imperial Russia (Central Asian and 18th century and also in the early Soviet Union and, Caucasian Jews are largely left out from the volume), as the authors of the volume Jews and Muslims in the it underwent massive social change during the 19th Russian Empire and the Soviet Union agree, in the Rus- and early 20th century due to increasing mass urban- sian and Soviet contexts this was their most signifi- ization and industrialization. Despite the variety of cant resemblance. Otherwise, the history of the Jew- political, religious and social trends that this change ish and Muslim populations differ starkly, expressed has streamlined, the Yiddish-language press and the- in one of the chapter’s title Jewish Apples and Muslim atre, DAVID FISHMAN argues in this volume, became Oranges in the Russian Basket: Options and Limits of a forgers of “imagined communities” among “Zionists Comparative Approach by JOHANAN PETROVSKY- and socialists, middle-class and poor, religious and SHTERN. The author, but also the editors of the vol- secular” Jews, which substituted “absence of political ume, proposes to focus on the “Russian basket” as a sovereignty and political institutions” (p. 110). framework to compare Jewish and Muslim Russian Second, Muslims and Jews were treated differ- experiences. The volume, then, is not about Jewish ently by the Russian imperial government. Although or Muslim religious or cultural practices but rather religion as such was an important pillar through their standing with the Russian government and so- which the Russian state governed its populations, ciety, e. g. Russian government’s policies towards this does not mean that all non-Orthodox groups Muslims and Jews and the groups’ strategies of deal- were treated similarly. Muslim groups were incorpo- ing with the questions of political and social integra- rated into the Russian empire much earlier and in tion and transformation. It provides an overview of different contexts than the Jewish populations. The Russian state’s strategies to incorporate Jews and Orenburg Muslim Spiritual Assembly (integrated Muslims and provides some explanations about the within
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