ETOP BULLETIN I – 2019 USAID/OFDA ISSUED FEBRUART 5, 2019
Emergency Transboundary Outbreak Pests (ETOPs) Situation for January with a forecast through mid-March 2019 résumé en français est inclus
SUMMARY
The Desert Locust (Schistoseca gregaria - SGR1) situation remained generally calm in the western outbreak region (WOR) and only small-scale breeding was reported in Mauritania and Algeria and a few adults were detected in northern Niger during January. In the central outbreak region (COR), SGR continued developing and adults and small swarms were reported on the Red Sea coasts in Egypt, Sudan, and Eritrea and a few swarms moved to northern coast of Saudi Arabia. Swarms from the Empty Quarter invaded the interior of Saudi Arabia and a single swarm reached UAE during January. Aerial and ground control treated close to 55,000 ha in COR during this month. In the eastern outbreak region (EOR) adult groups from the Arabian Peninsula moved to the southern coast of Iran at the end of January.
Forecast: Adult locusts will continue appearing in Mauritania, Mali, Niger and Algeria and small-scale breeding will commence in parts of Mauritania and Morocco during the forecast period provided favorable ecological conditions exist. 2nd generation breeding will increase locust numbers and swarms in Egypt, Sudan and Eritrea. A few swarms from northern Sudan will likely cross the Red Sea and reach coastal areas and the interior of Saudi Arabia during the forecast period. Egg laying and hatching will likely occur on the southern coast of Iran and hoppers and bands as well as adult groups may move towards southwest Pakistan during the forecast period.
Red (Nomadic) Locust (Nomadacris septemfasciata) (NSE): NSE situation remained calm during January.
South American Locust, Schistocerca cancellata (SCA): An outbreak of SCA occurred in Boqueron Paraguay in January and control operations were carried out by the Senave. Solitary adults and hoppers were reported in Argentina and adults were detected in Bolivia during this period.
Italian (CIT), Moroccan (DMA), and the Asian Migratory Locusts (LMI): The locust situation in the CAC region remained calm during January.
1 Definitions of all acronyms can be found at the end of the report.
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Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) (FAW): FAW outbreaks were reported in Zambia, Zimbabwe, Mozambique and Malawi and control operations were carried out by the affected farmers with technical and material assistance from the MinAgries (for more info, refer to pages 8-11).
African Armyworm (AAW) (Spodoptera exempta): Moderate AAW outbreaks were reported in maize fields in Zimbabwe during January.
Quelea birds (QQU): QQU bird roosts with large numbers of birds were located in Mwea Rice Irrigation Scheme in Kenya.
Active surveillance, monitoring, reporting, sharing information and timely implementation of preventive interventions remain critical to abate the threats ETOPs pose to food security and livelihoods of vulnerable communities.
USAID/OFDA/PSPM monitors ETOPs regularly in close collaboration with its network of national PPDs/DPVs, regional and international pest monitoring and/or control entities, including FAO, CLCPRO, CRC, DLCO-EA, and IRLCO-CSA, as well as research centers, academia, private sector, NGOs and others and issues concise analytical reports and forecasts to stakeholders across the globe through its monthly Bulletins. End summary
RÉSUMÉ
La situation du Criquet pèlerin (Schistoseca gregaria – SGR): La situation concernant le criquet pèlerin (Schistoseca gregaria - SGR) était généralement calme dans la région de flambée occidentale (WOR) et seule une reproduction à petite échelle a été signalée en Mauritanie et en Algérie et quelques adultes ont été détectés dans le nord du Niger en janvier. La RGG a continué à se développer dans la région centrale de l’épidémie (COR), et des adultes et de petits essaims ont été signalés sur la côte de la mer Rouge en Égypte, au Soudan et en Érythrée, et certains essaims se sont déplacés vers la côte nord de l’Arabie saoudite. Des essaims du quartier vide ont envahi l'intérieur de l'Arabie saoudite et un seul essaim a atteint les Emirats Arabes Unis en janvier. Les contrôles aériens et terrestres ont traité près de 55 000 ha de COR au cours de ce mois. Dans la région de la flambée orientale (EOR), des groupes d'adultes de la péninsule arabique se sont déplacés vers la côte sud de l'Iran à la fin du mois de janvier.
Prévision: les criquets adultes continueront à apparaître en Mauritanie, au Mali, au Niger et en Algérie et une reproduction à petite échelle commencera dans certaines parties de la Mauritanie et du Maroc pendant la période de prévision, à condition que les conditions écologiques soient favorables. Une reproduction de 2e
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ETOP BULLETIN I – 2019 USAID/OFDA ISSUED FEBRUART 5, 2019 génération augmentera les effectifs acridiens et les essaims en Égypte, au Soudan et en Érythrée. Certains essaims du nord du Soudan traverseront probablement la mer Rouge et atteindront les zones côtières et l'intérieur de l'Arabie saoudite au cours de la période de prévision. Des pontes et des éclosions d’œufs auront probablement lieu sur la côte sud de l’Iran, tandis que la truite, les bandes et les groupes d’ailés pourraient se déplacer vers le sud-ouest du Pakistan au cours de la période considérée.
Criquet nomade rouge (Nomadacris septemfasciata) (NSE ): La situation en matière de sécurité naturelle est restée calme en janvier.
Criquet d'Amérique du Sud, Schistocerca cancellata (SCA): Un foyer de SCA est apparu à Boqueron au Paraguay en janvier et les opérations de lutte ont été menées par Senave. Des adultes solitaires et des larves ont été signalés en Argentine et des adultes en Bolivie au cours de cette période.
CIT Asie, Marocain (DMA) et Criquets migrateurs d’Asie (LMI): La situation acridienne dans la région de la CAC est restée calme en janvier.
Chenille Légionnaire d'automne (Spodoptera frugiperda) (FAW): Les rapports FAW ont été signalés en Zambie, au Zimbabwe, au Mozambique et au Malawi et des opérations de lutte ont été menées par les agriculteurs concernés avec l'assistance technique du MinAgries (pour plus d'informations, voir pages 8- 11).
African Armyworm (AAW) (Spodoptera exempted): Des foyers modérés d'AAW ont été signalés dans des champs de maïs au Zimbabwe en janvier.
Oiseaux Quelea (QQU): Des nids d'oiseaux QQU avec un grand nombre d'oiseaux étaient situés dans le système d'irrigation du riz de Mwea au Kenya.
La surveillance active, la surveillance, la notification, le partage d'informations et les interventions préventives en temps opportun restent critiques en tout temps pour réduire les menaces que posent les ETOP pour les cultures et les pâturages.
L'USAID / OFDA / PSPM surveille régulièrement les opérations ETOP en étroite collaboration avec son réseau de PPD / DPV nationaux, d'entités régionales et internationales de surveillance et / ou de lutte contre les ravageurs, notamment la FAO, la CLCPRO, le CRC, le DLCO-EA et l'IRLCO-CSA, ainsi que centres de recherche, universités, secteur privé, ONG et autres et publie des rapports analytiques concis et des prévisions aux parties prenantes du monde entier par le biais de ses bulletins mensuels. Fin du résumé
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OFDA’s Contributions to ETOP OFDA/PSPM’s interests in sustainable Abatement Interventions pesticide risk reduction in low income countries to strengthen their capacities USAID/OFDA co-sponsored FAW and help avoid potentially threatening disaster risk reduction project continued pesticide related contaminations and being implemented. To date the project improve safety of vulnerable communities has completed national level Training of and their shared environment remain Trainers (ToT); trained several dozen high on the agenda. officers/staff in Burundi, Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda. It has The online Pesticide Stock Management launched consultative district level System (PSMS) that was developed by meetings for stakeholders involving more the UN/FAO with financial assistance from than 300 farmer focal persons, village USAID/OFDA and other partners chiefs, agricultural development agents continues benefiting participating and others in 300 villages, in 50 districts countries across the globe. Thanks to this in six countries. Monitoring using tool, ETOP-prone countries and others pheromone traps and scouting are widely have been able to avoid unnecessary implemented in all project villages. Mobile procurements and stockpiling of phones are being utilized for monitoring, pesticides. This practice has significantly documenting and reporting the FAW contributed to host-countries’ ability to situation in all countries. effectively monitor, manage, minimize and avoid costly disposal operations and The OFDA-BFS co-funded FAW Field thereby improve safety and well-being of Guide for Integrated FAW Management their citizens and their shared https://feedthefuture.gov/sites/FallArmyworm_IPM_Guid environment. e_forAfrica.pdf and FAO’s FAW IPM Manual for FFS were utilized for the training and USAID/OFDA-sponsored DRR projects scouting along with those of CABI, DLCO- have strengthened national and regional EA, ICIPE and FAO. capacity for emergency locust control and prevention and helped tens of millions of The community/farmers’ ToT field manual farmers, pastoralists across Sahel West that CABI (Nairobi) has developed has Africa, Northwest Africa, Eastern and been finalized and will soon be available Northeastern Africa, the Middle East and for dissemination and use. The Manual Caucasus and Central Asia (CAC). The heavily references to the USAID FAW IPM projects created, facilitated and improved field guide, FAO’s FAW manual, and other collaborations among neighboring relevant sources. It focuses on district countries for joint monitoring, officers, extension staff and rural surveillance, information sharing and communities and others. technical support. The projects supported several dozen trainings on ETOP OFDA/PSPM is working with interested monitoring and control. Thanks to these parties to explore means and ways to and other similar efforts, potentially expand innovative technologies to serious locust outbreaks and invasions FAW/AAW affected countries to contribute had been abated several times in many to food security and benefit farmers and countries across the primary outbreak rural communities. regions for more than a decade and those that have benefited through this efforts continue leading SGR monitoring,
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ETOP BULLETIN I – 2019 USAID/OFDA ISSUED FEBRUART 5, 2019 surveillance, and control interventions, edge of the empty quarter in Saudi etc. Arabia near the Yemen/Oman Border due to the October Cyclone Lubar and Technical and material supports that have conditions were also favorable in been provided to participating frontline southeastern Yemen and near Oman countries and DLCO-EA through the borders (FAO-DLIS, LLC/Oman, USAID/OFDA-FAO-DLCO-EA co- PPD/Sudan). sponsored Horn of Africa emergency desert locust management project has Dry conditions prevailed throughout the strengthened capacity to better monitor, region in the EOR during January and report, prevent, and abate locusts in the only little rain and showers occurred on sub-region. the southern coastal plains in Iran and coastal and subcoastal areas in Note: ETOP SITREPs can be accessed on Baluchistan Pakistan during January USAID Pest and Pesticide Management (FAO-DLIS). website: USAID Pest and Pesticide Monitoring NSE Outbreak Regions: Normal to Weather and Ecological Conditions above normal rains were recorded near NSE outbreak areas. At the Masenge In WOR, ecological conditions remained Station near Wembere Plains and Kaliua generally unfavorable as there has not station near Malagarasi Basin in Tanzania, been significant rainfall in the region 246.8 ml and 264.4 ml were recorded during the month. Only patches of green respectively during this month. In vegetation were observed between Mafambisse station near Buzi Plain and Akjoujt to Oujeft in northwest Gorongosa station near Gorongosa Plain Mauritania. In Algeria, weak rainfall in Mozambique 188.0 ml and 132.0 ml was reported in Tassili and Hoggar, but respectively were recorded. In Zambia at the soil was mainly wet near irrigated the Namwala Station near Kafue Flats, fields in Adrar and Tamanrasset during 203.2 ml were reported (IRLCO-CSA). January. In Morocco, patches of green vegetation persisted in a few places in In CAC, no update was available at the the Draa and ZizGhris valleys. time this Bulletin was compiled, but cold and dry weather is expected to have In COR, light to moderate rains were prevailed in the region during January. recorded on the Red Sea coast near Tokar Delta in Sudan and light showers Note: Changes in the weather pattern were reported on the Eritrean coastal and increased temperature can contribute plain. Ecological conditions were to ecological shift in ETOP habitats and favorable on the Red Sea coast and increase the risk of pest outbreaks, subcoastal areas in southeastern Egypt. resurgence and emergence of new pests. In Saudi Arabia, good rain was reported In Uzbekistan, Moroccan locust (DMA) on parts of the Red Sea coastal plain which is normally a low to medium from Masturah and Dubaand between altitude pest has shown a considerable Riyadh and Gassim as well as in Eritrea, vertical habitat expansion by up to 1,000 on the central Red Sea coast near Jeddah feet or 300 meters from its ambient in Saudi Arabia and the eastern coast of altitude due to warmer higher elevations. Oman during this month. Conditions were also favorable along the southern coastal
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The Asian migratory locust, an insect pockets of green vegetation persisted in that normally breeds once a year, has the Wadi in the Drâa and Ziz-Ghris begun exhibiting two generations per valleys, but no locusts were reported year. These anomalies which are largely during this month. Ecological conditions attributed to the change in the weather remained largely unfavorable and no patterns and associated ecological shift locusts were reported in Tunisia during are serious concerns to farmers, January and no reports were received in rangeland managers, crop protection Burkina Faso, Chad, Libya or Senegal or experts, development and humanitarian other countries in the region during this partners, etc. Regular monitoring, period (CNLA/Mauritania, documenting and reporting anomalous CNLAA/Morocco, CNLAP/Mali, FAO-DLIS, manifestations in pest behavior and on INPV/Algeria). habitat shifts remain critical to help avoid/minimize potential damage to Forecast: In WOR, small-scale breeding crops, pasture and livestock and reduce will likely continue in northwest subsequent negative impacts on food Mauritania, and may occur in northern security and livelihoods of vulnerable part of the country with the temperature populations and communities. rising. Low numbers of adults will likely http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/international/ca appear and persist and Mali and Niger. sia/casia_hazard.pdf In southern Algeria immature adults
resulting from breeding in the extreme End note. south will persist in the Hoggar region
during winter and gradually move to Detailed Accounts of ETOP Situation spring breeding areas in the Central and a Forecast for the Next Six Sahara and in irrigated areas and may Weeks are provided below start to breed at the foothills of spring
rains and warmer temperatures. In SGR – WOR: Small-scale breeding Morocco, isolated adults may start occurred in northwest Mauritania where breeding in southern part of the country some 100 ha were treated. In southern towards late March. The situation will Algeria, ecological conditions were remain calm during the forecast period in relatively favorable for the survival and other countries in the region reproduction of the SGR in Hoggar and (CNLA/Mauritania, CNLAP/Mali, the irrigated agricultural areas and low CNLAA/Morocco, CNLA/Tunisia, FAO- numbers of solitary hoppers and DLIS, INPV/Algeria). immature adults were detected in
Tamanrasset during January. In Niger, SGR – COR: In COR, an outbreak immature and mature adults were occurred on the Red Sea coast of Sudan detected in a few places in the Air where control operations continued and Mountains during January. treated hoppers, adult groups and
swarms on close to 55,000 ha during In Mali, no locusts were reported during January. In Sudan, DLCO-EA and PPD this period although pockets of favorable aircraft were deployed in the Red Sea ecological conditions were present in coastal areas and control operations some gregarization areas. In Morocco, treated more than more than 34,000 ha annual vegetation remained green and through the end of January. More than 16 well developed north of Bir Anzarane and swarms, hoppers and adult groups were Gueltat Zemmour in Oued Eddahab as controlled during this period. Locust well as in the South of the Oriental and
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ETOP BULLETIN I – 2019 USAID/OFDA ISSUED FEBRUART 5, 2019 numbers increased along the southern Qatar, and UAE during the forecast period Red Sea coast in Egypt and swarms were (DLCO-EA, FAO-DLIS, LCC/Oman, reported in Saudi Arabia, Oman, and UAE PPD/Sudan). (DLCO-EA, PPD/Sudan). SGR - EOR: Groups of immature and In Eritrea, ground control operations mature adults were detected on the treated 1st – 4th instar hoppers, immature southwestern coastal areas between and mature locusts on more than 6,965 Bushehr and Bander-e Lengheh during ha in the northern and central parts of last few days of January. The locusts the Red Sea coast and between Qarura likely arrived from the Arabian Peninsula and Marsa Coba and near Massawa from breeding that occurred in the during January (DLCO-EA). southeastern Empty Quarters during December and no locusts were reported Small-scale breeding occurred in and significant developments are not southeast Egypt, the Red Sea coast of likely during the forecast period (FAO- Saudi Arabia, and southern Oman DLIS). during this month. Control operations treated 1,660 ha in Egypt and 12,165 he Forecast: There is a slight risk of a few in Saudi Arabia during January. Several more adults and small swarms arriving swarms were detected in Saudi Arabia from the Arabian Peninsula. Once arrived, and one swam was reported in UAE by locusts will likely breed and form hoppers mid-January. Mature gregarious adults and bands in Bander-e Lengeh in Iran in were detected copulating in Wadi Seaf in areas where rainfall occurred. A few adult Yemen in the eastern province of Al groups may also appear in Baluchistan Maharah Province during late January. the western coastal areas of Pakistan and Two generations of breeding are thought may breed in areas of recent rainfall, but to have occurred in this province on the significant development is not likely southern edge of the Empty Quarter during the forecast (FAO-DLIS). along the Oman border where good rains fell in May and October 2018 from Active monitoring, timely reporting and cyclones Mekunu and Lunan. No locusts preventive interventions remain critical to were reported in Oman or other abate any major developments that could countries in the COR during this period pose serious threats to crops and pasture (DLCO-EA, FAO-DLIS, LCC/Oman, in areas where locust activities are PPD/Sudan). present.
Forecast: 2nd generation breeding will The USAID/OFDA-FAO-DLCO-EA continue and hatching will occur and sponsored Horn of Africa emergency hoppers and immature adults and will desert locust management project increase on the Red Sea coast in Sudan, contributed to strengthening national and Egypt, and Eritrea and Saudi Arabia and regional capacity for SGR surveillance, perhaps form more swarms during the monitoring and control. Technical and forecast period provided ecological material supports that have been conditions remain favorable. Locust provided through the project enabled movements between countries will likely front-line countries and DLCO-EA to increase. There is a risk of adults and/or better monitor, report, and build capacity and small swarms from the Arabian to prevent, and abate locusts in the sub- Peninsula arriving in Bahrain, Kuwait, region.
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Red (Nomadic) Locust (NSE): NSE Forecast: SCA is being tracked near the situation remained relatively calm as town of Mariscal José Félix Estigarribia there were no outbreaks in any of the (Paraguay) where the pest will likely primary outbreak areas. However, continue being present. Timely cross- hatching of eggs in the outbreak areas is border surveillance and monitoring expected to have occurred and hopper remain essential to detect and abate the and band formations to have begun pest (Senesa/Argentina). during February in Ikuu-Katavi, Rukwa Valley plains, Wembere plains and Italian (CIT), Moroccan (DMA) and Malagarasi basin in Tanzania; Lake Migratory (LMI) Locusts in Central Asia Chilwa/Lake Chiuta plains that are shared and the Caucasus (CAC): Locust situation by Malawi and Mozambique; Buzi plain, in CAC is expected to have remained Dimba plain in Mozambique and in the calm during this time. Kafue Flats in Zambia where substantial parental populations had persisted prior Forecast: The CAC region will remain to the onset of the rains (IRLCO-CSA). calm till next spring.
Forecast: NSE hoppers and bands are Fall armyworm (FAW) (S. frugiperda) likely to form in some of the outbreak areas in the region where significant In Malawi, FAW outbreaks were reported parental population were present before affecting crops in Lilongwe, Machinga, the onset of the rains in November/ Blantyre, Shire Valley, Karonga, Kasungu, December 2018. Fledging is expected to Muzuzu and Salima Agricultural commence during the forecast period in Development Divisions (ADD). Infestation the primary outbreak areas. IRLCO-CSA levels were reported mild to moderate intends to undertake intensive ground with estimated 162 825 ha of maize, and aerial surveillance to establish pest sorghum and millet being infested. intensity in collaboration with its Control was carried out by the affected member-states. Control operations will be farmers with technical and material carried out where high NSE populations assistance from the Ministry of are detected. Continued collaborations Agriculture and Food Security. By the end between the IRLCO-CSA and its member- of January, over 10 000 lts of pesticides states remain crucial to avert serious crop had been reported distributed to the damage by NSE (IRLCO-CSA, affected areas (IRLCO-CSA). OFDA/AELGA). In Mozambique FAW outbreaks were South American Locust, Schistocerca reported affecting most of the provinces cancellata (SAL): A small-scale SAL and a total of 196 ha had been reported outbreak occurred in Boqueron attacked in Sofala province. Control was department in Paraguay in January. The carried out by the affected farmers with outbreak included a small swarm. Control material and technical assistance the the operations were carried out by the Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security Senave of Paraguay. Solitary adults were (IRLCO-CSA). also reported in Argentina and Bolivia. Hoppers were detected in the primary In Zimbabwe, widespread outbreaks of breeding areas in Argentina during FAW occurred in most of the provinces January (Senesa Argentina). while minor outbreaks of African Armyworm were reported in Manicaland
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ETOP BULLETIN I – 2019 USAID/OFDA ISSUED FEBRUART 5, 2019 and Mashonaland West Provinces. The including but not limited to information pests were reported attacking mainly dissemination materials, training of maize. Limited damage occurred due to trainers manual and posters, etc. timely control and farmers’ sensitization by the Ministry of Agriculture staff. Control was carried out by affected farmers using pesticides supplied by the Ministry of Agriculture.
In Zambia, FAW outbreaks were reported in all nine provinces. The caterpillars were reported attacking maize crop. The damage to the crop was reported to be mild to moderate. Control was carried out CFAMFEWM project mid-term review participants, Kigali, Rwanda, November 28-30, 2018 (Courtesy: by the affected farmers using inputs FAOSFE). provided by the Ministry of Agriculture. Reinforcing and ensuring retention of Forecast: FAW will continue occurring in knowledge and skills (KS) in FAW biology, IRLCO-CSA member-states, including behavior, monitoring, scouting, and Malawi, Mozambique Zambia and management, as well as sensitization on Zimbabwe. It may also appear in Kenya, human and animal health risks associated Tanzania and other countries in the with consumption of fungal-infected region during the forecast period. The grains were emphasized and discussed at pest will also appear in irrigated and rain- length. Actions taken in strengthening fed maize and other crops across several and bolstering community KS on natural regions in Africa and Asia where the enemies, including fungal pathogens, cropping season is in progress and/or has predators and parasitoids and other kicked in (IRLCO-CSA, OFDA/PSPM). natural means for FAW management were discussed at length. Activity updates:
USAID/OFDA-funded community empowerment project on FAW monitoring, early warning and management continued in the participating six eastern and the Horn of African countries.
USAID/OFDA senior technical advisor for pests and pesticides and project manager participated in the project mid-term A fall armyworm (FAW) larva (caterpillar) comfortably review in Kigali, Rwanda during the last resting between rows of corn kernels (Photo courtesy: week of November 2018. The mid-term Didas Moshi, DLCO-EA-Tanzania June, 2018). review discussed accomplishments, Note: Several species of natural enemies, identified constraints encountered, and including parasites, parasitoids, predators remedial actions taken and outlined and entomopathogens have been follow on activities. The review lasted discovered in Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania three days and reviewed several issues
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Madagascar, and India. Further studies in nearly all sub-Saharan African are being conducted on the natural countries, including Seychelles. Only enemies both in Africa and Asia to better Eritrea and Lesotho have not yet understand their safety, efficacy and reported its presence. adaptability along-side other agro- http://www.fao.org/emergencies/reso ecological means, including push-pull urces/maps/detail/en/c/1110178/ technology, etc. End note. http://www.informaticsjournals.com/index.php/jbc/article Safer and affordable, ecologically /viewFile/21707/17850; sustainable, economically sound, socially https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/rav acceptable IPM based proven pest aged-by-a-caterpillar/article25010469.ece management intervention methodologies http://www.nbair.res.in/recent_events/Pest%20Alert%20 30th%20July%202018-new1.pdf, and assessment tools need to be http://www.exeter.ac.uk/news/featurednews/title_67637 available and widely disseminated to 3_en.html, manage the threat/damage pests pose to http://www.fao.org/news/story/en/item/1148819/icode)/ the farming communities, more so small- holder farmers. https://www.cimmyt.org/fall-armyworm-reported-in- india-battle-against-the-pest-extends-now-to-asia/ Additional sources on FAW USAID/BFS and OFDA co-funded IPM based FAW management guidance CABI FAW Portal within the ISC contains document is now available in English and identification guides, manuals (including French: Fall Armyworm in Africa: A Guide for the USAID/CIMMYT IPM manual), videos, Integrated Pest Management and will be available photos, abstracts on the latest FAW in Portuguese language. research: https://www.cabi.org/ISC/fallarmyworm
USAID/BFS has developed an easy-to-use Armyworm Network: A web resource for one-page pest management decision armyworm in Africa and their biological guide (PMDG) in collaboration with CABI control: http://www.armyworm.org/ for dozens of countries across Africa and continues working on affordable tools. https://www.plantwise.org/pesticide-restrictions The PMDG is being translated into local languages to benefit rural communities. Bt maize and the fall armyworm in Africa BFS and SAWBO (Scientific Animation (Africa Center for Biodiversity, June Without Borders) jointly developed a 2018): https://acbio.org.za/sites/default/files/documents/BT%2 short, animation video clip on FAW 0Maize%20Fall%20Army%20Worm%20report.pdf biology, detection, scouting, monitoring, control and awareness raising for small- Invasive Species Compendium holder farmers https://sawbo- Datasheets, maps, images, abstracts and animations.org/video.php?video=//www.youtube.com/e full text on invasive species of the world: mbed/5rxlpXEK5g8 http://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/29810 https://ecd.usaid.gov/repository/pdf/50065.pdf FAO and its partners developed an Drought and armyworm threaten Africa’s interactive FAW Risk-Index heat map food security: http://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/news/Drought-and- to help monitor the potential level of armyworm-threaten-Africa-food-security/2558-3996692- risk of FAW situation in affected ggws8q/index.html http://www.fao.org/food-chain-crisis/how-we- countries across Africa, Yemen, etc. work/plant-protection/fallarmyworm/en/ As of now, the pest has been reported
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ETOP BULLETIN I – 2019 USAID/OFDA ISSUED FEBRUART 5, 2019 http://www.fao.org/fileadmin/templates/fcc/map/map_of countries in the central region: _affected_areas/Fall_Armyworm_brief_- http://usaid.maps.arcgis.com/apps/Viewer/index.h __15Dec2017_.pdf tml?appid=8ff7a2eefbee4783bfb36c3e784e29cb.
FAO FAWRisk-Map has been developed to A similar map is also being developed for provide information on the risk of the southern region: household food insecurity due to FAW http://usaid.maps.arcgis.com/apps/Viewer/index.h across Africa (see below) tml?appid=9d2ab2f918284595819836d1f16a526f http://www.fao.org/emergencies/resources/maps/detail/ (click the links for the maps). OFDA/PSPM en/c/1110178/ intends to develop interactive map for the NURU, a mobile phone application that FAW DDR project). detects FAW eggs, larvae, pupae and damage on maize crops is developed by Quelea (QQU): QQU bird outbreaks Penn State University in collaboration were reported in Kenya in Mwea Rice with UNFAO: Irrigation Scheme of Kirinyaga County. http://www.fao.org/news/story/en/item/1141889/icode/ Two roosts with large numbers of birds had been located. Plans to carry out FAO monitoring and interactive FAW map: https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiMzMxY2NmYmYt aerial control by Crop Protection Services ZDEwMS00ZTU0LTgwMzQtMDFhZjE3NDVjOTQ3IiwidCI6Ij Division of the MinAgri were at an E2M2FjNDY4LWFiYjgtNDRkMC04MWZkLWQ5ZGIxNWUzY advanced stage. QQU birds were not WY5NiIsImMiOjh9 reported casing damage to small grain https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=org.fao.fa cereal crops in Mozambique, Malawi, w Tanzania, Zambia or Zimbabwe and no https://entomologytoday.org/2018/11/20/not-just- reports were received from other QQU maize-africas-fall-armyworm-crisis-threatens-sorghum- outbreak prone countries during this time other-crops/ (DLCO-EA, IRLCO-CSA).
African Armyworm (AAW): Moderate Forecast: Quelea birds are likely to occur AAW outbreaks were reported in in Kenya, Tanzania, and Mozambique with maize fields in Zimbabwe during where rain-fed and irrigated small grain January (IRLCO-CSA). cereal crops are getting to susceptible stage during February to April 2019 Forecast: AAW outbreaks are likely to (IRLCO-CSA, OFDA/AELGA). continue in Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia and Zimbabwe affecting late planted Facts: QQU birds can travel ~100 cereal crops and may begin appearing in km/day in search of food. An adult QQU Uganda, Tanzania and Kenya. Trap bird can consume 3-5 grams of grain and operators are advised to continue destroy the same amount each day. A collecting moth catches and share trap medium density QQU colony can contain data with the national forecasting up to a million or more birds and is officers.Active surveillance and capable of consuming and destroying appropriate preventive interventions 6,000 to 10,000 kg of seeds/day, enough remain critical to avoid major crop to feed 12,000-20,000 people/day damage (OFDA/AELGA). (OFDA/AELGA).
Note: USAID/OFDA has developed Rodents: No update was received on printable and web-based maps for AAW rodents during January, but the pest is a trap monitoring locations, for constant threat to field and storage crops. participating outbreak and invasion
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FACTS: On average, an adult rat can and effectively utilize can create a win- consume 3-5 gm of food (grain, etc.) per win situation worth considering. day; a population of 200 rats/ha (an extremely low density/unit area) can Inventories of Pesticide Stocks for consume a quantity enough to feed an SGR Prevention and Control adult sheep/day, not to mention the amount of food the rats can damage, Inventory of national strategic stocks of destroy, contaminate making it unfit for SGR pesticides changed during January human consumption, not to mention the where close to 55,000 ha were treated. zoonotic disease this pest carries and can transmit. Table 1. Inventory of Strategic SGR Pesticide Stocks in Frontline Countries All ETOP front-line countries must maintain regular monitoring and Country Quantity (l/kg)* surveillance. During crop in-seasons, Algeria 1,186,842~ scouting must be implemented on a Chad 34,100 regular basis. Invasion countries should Egypt 68,070~ (18,300 ULV, remain on alert. DLCO-EA, IRLCO-CSA, 49,770 l DLCCs, DLMCC, CNLAs, national DPVs Eritrea 2,227~ + 20,000D and PPDs, ELOs are encouraged to Ethiopia 9,681~ continue sharing ETOP information with Libya 25,000~ stakeholders as often as possible and on Madagascar 206,000~ + 100,000D a timely basis. Lead farmers and Mali 3,600 community forecasters must remain Mauritania 39,900 vigilant and report ETOP detections to Morocco 3,490,732D relevant authorities immediately. Niger 75,750~
Oman 10,000~ Note: A sustainable Pesticide Stewardship (SPS) can contribute to S. Arabia 77,192~ strengthening a pesticide delivery system Senegal 156,000~ (PDS) at the national and regional levels. Sudan 133,403~ A strong and viable PDS can effectively Tunisia 62,200 obsolete D reduce pesticide related human health Yemen 40,090 + 180 kg GM~ * risks, minimize environmental pollution, Includes different kinds of pesticide and reduce pest control cost, improve food formulations - ULV, EC and dust; security and contribute to the national economy. A viable SPS can be effectively ~ data may not be current; established by linking key stakeholders D across political borders and geographic = Morocco donated 100,000 l of regions. End note. pesticides to Madagascar and 10,000 l to Mauritania in 2015 OFDA/PSPM encourages the use of D alternatives to hard core pesticides and = In 2013 Morocco donated 200,000 l promotes an IPM approach to minimize to Madagascar risks associated with pesticide stockpiling. D A judiciously executed triangulation of = Saudi donated 10,000 to Yemen and surplus stocks from countries with large pledged 20,000 l to Eritrea inventories to countries that can safely
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DM = Morocco donated 30,000 l of CRC Commission for Controlling Desert pesticides to Mauritania Locust in the Central Region CTE Chortoicetes terminifera GM = GreenMuscleTM (fungal-based (Australian plague locust) biological pesticide) DDLC Department of Desert Locust Control LIST OF ACRONYMS DLCO-EA Desert Locust Control Organization for Eastern Africa AAW African armyworm (Spodoptera DLMCC Desert Locust Monitoring and expempta) Control Center, Yemen AELGA Assistance for Emergency DMA Dociostaurus maroccanus Locust Grasshopper Abatement (Moroccan Locust) AFCS Armyworm Forecasting and Control DPPQS Department of Plant Services, Tanzania Protection and Quarantine AfDB African Development Bank Services, India AGRA Agricultural Green Revolution in DPV Département Protection des Africa Végétaux (Department of Plant AME Anacridium melanorhodon (Tree Protection) Locust) ELO EMPRES Liaison Officers – APLC Australian Plague Locust Commission EMPRES Emergency Prevention APLC Australian Plague Locust System for Transboundary Animal Commission and Plant Pests and Diseases Bands groups of hoppers marching EOR Eastern SGR Outbreak Region pretty much in the same direction ETOP Emergency Transboundary ASARECA Association for Outbreak Pest Strengthening Agricultural Fledgling immature adult locust Research in Eastern and Central /grasshopper that has pretty much Africa the same phenology as mature CABI Center for Agriculture and adults, but lacks fully developed Biosciences International reproductive organs to breed CAC Central Asia and the Caucasus GM GreenMuscle® (a fungal-based CBAMFEW Community-based biopesticide) armyworm monitoring, forecasting ha hectare (= 10,000 sq. meters, and early warning about 2.471 acres) CERF Central Emergency Response Fund ICAPC IGAD’s Climate Prediction and CIT Calliptamus italicus (Italian Locust) Application Center CLCPRO Commission de Lutte Contre IGAD Intergovernmental Authority on le Criquett Pélerin dans la Région Development (Horn of Africa) Occidentale (Commission for the IRIN Integrated Regional Desert Locust Control in the Information Networks Western Region) IRLCO-CSA International Red Locust CNLA(A) Centre National de Lutte Control Organization for Central Antiacridienne (National Locust and Southern Africa Control Center) ITCZ Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone COR Central SGR Outbreak Region ITF Inter-Tropical Convergence Front = CPD Crop Protection Division ITCZ)
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FAO-DLIS Food and Agriculture SCA Schistocerca cancellata (South Organizations’ Desert Locust American Locust) Information Service SFR Spodoptera frugiperda (SFR) (Fall Hoppers young, wingless armyworm (FAW) locusts/grasshoppers (Latin SGR Schistoseca gregaria (the Desert synonym = nymphs or larvae) Locust) JTWC Joint Typhoon Warning Center SPI Schistocerca piceifrons piceiferons Kg Kilogram (~2.2 pound) (Central American Locust) L Liter (1.057 Quarts or 0.264 gallon SSD Republic of South Sudan or 33.814 US fluid ounces) SPB Southern Pine Beetle LCC Locust Control Center, Oman (Dendroctonus frontalis) – true LMC Locusta migratoriacapito (Malagasy weevils locust) SWAC South West Asia DL Commission LMM Locusta migratoria migratorioides PBB Pine Bark Beetle (African Migratory Locust) PSPM Preparedness, Strategic Planning LPA Locustana pardalina and Mitigation (formerly known as MoAFSC Ministry of Agriculture, Food Technical Assistance Group - TAG) Security and Cooperatives Triangulation The process whereby MoAI Ministry of Agriculture and pesticides are donated by a Irrigation country, with large inventories, but MoARD Ministry of Agriculture and often no immediate need, to a Rural Development country with immediate need with NALC National Agency for Locust Control the help of a third party in the NCDLC National Center for the negotiation and shipments, etc. Desert Locust Control, Libya Usually FAO plays the third party NOAA (US) National Oceanic and role in the case of locust and other Aeronautic Administration emergency pests. NPS National Park Services UF University of Florida NSD Republic of North Sudan USAID the Unites States Agency for NSE Nomadacris septemfasciata (Red International Development Locust) UN the United Nations OFDA Office of U.S. Foreign Disaster WOR Western SGR Outbreak Region Assistance ZEL Zonocerus elegans, the elegant PBB Pine Bark Beetle (Dendroctonus sp. grasshopper – true weevils ZVA Zonocerus variegatus, the PHD Plant Health Directorate variegated grasshopper, is PHS Plant Health Services, MoA emerging as a fairly new dry Tanzania season pest, largely due to the PPD Plant Protection Department destruction of its natural habitat PPM Pest and Pesticide Management through deforestation, land PPSD Plant Protection Services clearing, etc. for agricultural and Division/Department other development efforts and due PRRSN Pesticide Risk Reduction to climate anomalies through Stewardship Network QQU Quelea Qulelea (Red Billed Quelea bird) SARCOF Southern Africa Region Climate Outlook Forum
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Point of Contact:
If you need more information or have any questions, comments or suggestions or know someone who would like to freely subscribe to this report or unsubscribe, please, reach out to:
Yeneneh Belayneh, PhD. Senior Technical Advisor and Project Manager USAID/DCHA/OFDA [email protected]
Tel.: + 1-202-712-1859 (landline) + 1-703-362-5721 (mobile)
To learn more about our activities and programs, please, visit our website: https://www.usaid.gov/what-we- do/working-crises-and- conflict/responding-times-crisis/how-we- do-it/humanitarian-sectors/agriculture- and-food-security/pest-and-pesticide- monitoring
For previous ETOP SITREPs/Bulletins, click on the following website: https://www.usaid.gov/what-we- do/working-crises-and- conflict/responding-times-crisis/how-we- do-it/humanitarian-sectors/agriculture- and-food-security/pest-and-pesticide- monitoring/archive
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