Long Distance Interaction in Viejo Period Casas Grandes
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Brigham Young University BYU ScholarsArchive Theses and Dissertations 2020-06-18 Long Distance Interaction in Viejo Period Casas Grandes Jaron Troy Davidson Brigham Young University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd Part of the Family, Life Course, and Society Commons BYU ScholarsArchive Citation Davidson, Jaron Troy, "Long Distance Interaction in Viejo Period Casas Grandes" (2020). Theses and Dissertations. 8515. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/8515 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Long Distance Interaction in Viejo Period Casas Grandes Jaron Troy Davidson A thesis submitted to the faculty of Brigham Young University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Michael T. Searcy, Chair John E. Clark Zachary Chase Department of Anthropology Brigham Young University Copyright © 2020 Jaron Troy Davidson All Rights Reserved ABSTRACT Long Distance Interaction in Viejo Period Casas Grandes Jaron Troy Davidson Department of Anthropology, Brigham Young University Master of Arts This research addresses how interregional interaction changed between the Viejo period (AD 700-1200) and Medio period (AD 1200-1450) in northwest Chihuahua, Mexico. Non-locally procured or created artifacts, features, and iconographic elements are used as proxy evidence for past long-distance relationships. Data available in technical reports and other publications concerning these materials in Viejo period contexts and a sample of excavated Medio period sites are synthesized and presented. The data are used to create a geospatial dataset and distribution maps with quantities and contextual information for each of the nonlocal materials. I argue that interaction and social networks with long-distance neighbors were complex and widespread during both the Viejo and Medio periods. These intricate relationships morphed and altered in profound ways with the rise of the regional center Paquimé and the fluorescence of the Casas Grandes cultural tradition, but some of the fundamental relationships also remained the same. Keywords: Casas Grandes, Paquimé, Viejo period, interregional interaction, nonlocal objects ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Thanks first goes to my wife, Brenna, for supporting me in every way imaginable through my academic endeavors. I also thank my chair, Dr. Michael Searcy for advising my research and education, supporting my ideas, and providing me with the resources and knowledge to become a better scholar and professional archaeologist. I thank Dr. John Clark and Dr. Zach Chase for their instructions and guidance in classes and as members of my committee. This thesis is better because of them. Dr. James Allison deserves thanks for teaching me most of what I know about field and lab methods, as well as many other instances of teaching. Dr. Marion Forest for helping me shape this thesis. I also greatly appreciate the scholars and archaeologists who published the reports on which this thesis focused. Their contributions are innumerable. Acknowledgment and much appreciation goes to Paul Minnis for sharing his and Michael Whalen’s informes with me, and to Ben Nelson, Chris Schwartz, Brooke Hundtoft, and all others associated with the Connections Project at Arizona State University for providing me with valuable compiled data from Paquimé that allowed me to put Casas Grandes interregional interaction in to context. Finally, I could not have achieved any of this without the support of my parents who instilled in me a determination to follow my dreams. TABLE OF CONTENTS Title page ...................................................................................................................................... i Abstract ....................................................................................................................................... ii Acknowledgements ..................................................................................................................... iii Table of Contents ....................................................................................................................... iv List of Figures ........................................................................................................................... vii List of Tables ............................................................................................................................ viii 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................... 1 Introducing Casas Grandes .......................................................................................................... 2 Social Interaction ......................................................................................................................... 7 Local vs. Distant .......................................................................................................................... 9 Thesis Organization ................................................................................................................... 12 2 Previous Research ...................................................................................................................................... 14 Overview ................................................................................................................................... 14 The Joint Casas Grandes Expedition ....................................................................................... 15 Post-JCGE ............................................................................................................................... 16 Viejo Period Research ............................................................................................................... 16 JCGE ....................................................................................................................................... 17 Whalen and Minnis and the PAC research .............................................................................. 20 Other Recent Viejo Period Research ....................................................................................... 21 Summary ................................................................................................................................... 23 3 Interregional Interaction ........................................................................................................................... 24 Historic Models of Interregional Interaction ............................................................................. 25 Early Ideas ............................................................................................................................... 25 Trade and Migration Models ................................................................................................... 28 Region-Specific Response ....................................................................................................... 32 Recent Interaction Models ........................................................................................................ 33 The Recent Autochthonous Push ............................................................................................ 33 The Chaco Meridian ................................................................................................................ 35 Discussion and my Framework ................................................................................................. 38 iv 4 Methods and Data ...................................................................................................................................... 41 Synthesis of Previous Studies ................................................................................................... 42 The Literature .......................................................................................................................... 44 The Data .................................................................................................................................... 48 Marine Shell ............................................................................................................................ 48 Ceramics .................................................................................................................................. 50 Minerals ................................................................................................................................... 54 Copper ..................................................................................................................................... 56 Macaw Aviculture ................................................................................................................... 56 Nonlocal Designs .................................................................................................................... 58 Other ........................................................................................................................................ 61 Distribution ................................................................................................................................ 62 The Geospatial Data and Mapping