Race and the Gospel Race in the Bible Holy Trinity Presbyterian

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Race and the Gospel Race in the Bible Holy Trinity Presbyterian Race and the Gospel Race in the Bible 1. Myth 1: ___________ 2. Myth 2: The People of God in the Bible Were ____________ 3. Myth 3: The People of God in the Bible Were All ___________ a. Judah (Gen 38:2) b. Joseph (Gen 41:50) c. A mixed crowd (Ex 12:38) d. Moses Marries a Cushite1 (Numbers 12) i. Cush = Ethiopia = Nubia = Meroe = modern day Sudan ii. Jeremiah 13:23 Can the Ethiopian [heb., cushi] change his skin or the leopard his spots? Then also you can do good who are accustomed to do evil. (ESV) iii. Is this marriage legal? 1. Deut 7 vs. Deut 21:10-14 4. Application a. The Bible gives __________ to people with black skin i. Ebed-melech, the Cushite who saved Jeremiah (Jeremiah 38-39) b. Jesus is not the ___________________ Further Reading: J. Daniel Hays “From Every People and Nation” 1 Some older commentators have argued that the Cushite woman of Num 12 is the same person as Zipporah (Ex 2). This argument seems less motivated by the text and more motivated by race. There is no reason to equate the two. Zipporah is a Midianite (Ex 2:16-21) Moses may have had two wives. Or he may have married the Cushite after Zipporah died. Or he could have married the Cushite while he and Zipporah were divorced (most likely the implication of Exodus 18:2 [cf. Deut 24 “send away”]) and before they reunited (Ex 18:1-6). Holy Trinity Presbyterian Church 2016 Race and the Gospel Race in the Bible Cut for time: 5. Ebed-Melech: In Jeremiah 38, the king throws Jeremiah in a cistern to die. He does this because he hates the word of God which Jeremiah preaches. It is an act of rebellion against God. All the officials of Israel approve of this action. a. But then, on to the scene comes a man who reveres the word of God enough to confront the king. He is not an Israelite official. He is not an Israelite commoner. He is a foreigner, a Cushite, a man with African features and dark skin. Only this foreigner has the courage to face the king and to defend the word of God. Because of Ebed-melech’s actions, the Lord’s prophet is saved from slow and painful death. b. And God gives him what very few people in the Bible get, a direct word of blessing from one of his prophets. Jeremiah tells Ebed-melech in chapter 29, “For I will surely save you, and you shall not fall by the sword, but you shall have your life as a prize of war, because you have put your trust in me, declares the Lord.” c. Christian, this man is a hero in the faith for you. He is your spiritual father. As a white person, we may never have thought of looking at a black person in the Bible as our father in the faith (to our own shame), but here he is. He is more a brother to us than many of our white friends and family are. 6. We make a mistake to underplay the significance of the black men and women of the Bible, but we also make a mistake if we make them the mascot of a race. a. Ebed-melech is an example to follow and a person to look up to regardless of what color you are. b. This is not a “I follow Paul, you follow Peter, you follow Ebed-melech” situation. If we hold up Ebed-melech as representing black people, or if he is turned into the example of what black Christianity should look like, we’ve done something wrong. c. That is buying into the false worldview of race. d. Ebed-melech is a father in the faith to all of us with equal relevance. Holy Trinity Presbyterian Church 2016 .
Recommended publications
  • A Silent Unheard Voice in the Old Testament: the Cushite Woman Whom Moses Married in Numbers 12:1–10
    In die Skriflig / In Luce Verbi ISSN: (Online) 2305-0853, (Print) 1018-6441 Page 1 of 8 Original Research A silent unheard voice in the Old Testament: The Cushite woman whom Moses married in Numbers 12:1–10 Author: Most of the time, women’s names are not mentioned, words are not put in their mouths or 1 David T. Adamo they are not allowed to say a word, and their achievements are behind the scene in the Affiliation: narratives. Passages that mention the presence and contribution of African women in the 1Department of Old Bible are especially neglected, perhaps because there are few African women biblical Testament and New scholars and also deep prejudices against women. References to the African wife of Moses Testament, University of (Numbers 12) are so scanty in the Bible that very few critical biblical scholars noticed South Africa, South Africa them. The purpose of this article is to discuss critically the narrative of the Cushite woman Corresponding author: whom Moses married and her marginalisation by the author of the story in Numbers David Adamo, 12:1-10. The narrator of the text did not only refuse to give her a name, there is no single [email protected] word put in her mouth despite the dominant and significant role her presence played in Dates: the narrative. Why is she silent and what does her silence mean? The answers to these Received: 03 Apr. 2018 questions are discussed in this article. Accepted: 18 June 2018 Published: 17 Oct. 2018 How to cite this article: Introduction Adamo, D.T., 2018, ‘A silent The Hebrew Bible and culture is male-oriented in authorship, subject matter, and perspectives unheard voice in the Old Testament: The Cushite (Ebeling 2010:8).
    [Show full text]
  • Islam, Christianity, Judaism, and Ethiopia: the Messages of Religions
    האוניברסיטה העברית בירושלים המרכז לחקר האסלאם ע“ש נחמיה לבציון The Nehemia Levtzion Center for Islamic Studies The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Islam, Christianity, Judaism, and Ethiopia: The Messages of Religions Haggai Erlich The Fifth Annual Levtzion Lecture Jerusalem 2013 Islam, Christianity, Judaism, and Ethiopia: The Messages of Religions Haggai Erlich Tel Aviv University The Nehemia Levtzion Center for Islamic Studies The Institute for Asian and African Studies The Hebrew University of Jerusalem 2013 Copyright © Haggai Erlich 2013 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form, or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the Levtzion Center and the author The Fifth Annual Levtzion Lecture was delivered at the Hebrew University, 30 April 2009 Abstract This paper provides a succinct overview of the relationships between Ethiopia – a land in which Christianity first encountered Islam, and where Judaism was already present – and the Middle East, the cradle of these religions. The paper focuses on the dialectic between historic political and strategic needs, interests and concrete options on one hand, and the reservoir of abstract notions bequeathed by these ancient religions, on the other. The main thesis is that Islam, Christianity and Judaism, far from providing monolithic messages, harbored a wide range of prescriptions for moderates and fanatics alike. Analyzing the multi- facetted legacies by which Ethiopians and their Middle Eastern neighbors conceptualized each other, the paper discusses several modern political developments and demonstrates how they were inspired by these religious interpretations and proclivities.
    [Show full text]
  • Thesis Millard Ja.Pdf
    A STUDY OF THE PERCEIVED CAUSES OF SCHISM IN SOME ETHIOPIAN-TYPE CHURCHES IN THE CAPE AND TRANSVAAL, 1884-1925 by JOAN ANNE MILLARD submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF THEOLOGY in the subject CHURCH HISTORY at the UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AFRICA PROMOTER: PROFESSOR GJ PILLAY JUNE 1995 ***************** I declare that A study of the perceived causes of some Ethiopian­ type churches in the Cape and Transvaal 1884-1925 is my own work and that all the sources that I have used or quoted have been indicated and acknowledged by means of complete references. Joan A Millard SUMMARY During the period 1884-1925 Ethiopian-type schisms from mission churches occurred for a number of reasons. Generalisations of these reasons have been made by numerous authors. By generalising the causes of schism the particular reasons why each independent church 1eader 1eft the mission church are ignored. The thesis shows how each schism was due to unique circumstances in the mission church as well as to factors, for example, the personal feelings of the independent church leader. In each case there was a point of no return when the founder of the independent church no longer felt he could accept the status quo. There were two government commissions that investigated the independent or "separatist" churches during these years - the South African Native Affairs Commission of 1903-1905 and the 1925 South African Native Affairs Commission which investigated the "Separatist Churches". The testimony of the white government officials and missionaries and the black church leaders has been compared with the findings in the reports.
    [Show full text]
  • Bible Blacks June 2000
    1 Bible Blacks June 2000 Ham saw his father’s nakedness. Gen 9 ; 22. He didn’t laugh. But Noah cursed Canaan, not Ham. Leviticus 18 ; 8. Leviticus 20 ; 11, Deut 27 ; 20 These 3 verses tell us what Ham saw was Canaan with Ham’s mother, Canaan’s grandmother. Shem and Japeth covered their mother. So Ham being the father of the black race, had nothing to do with that occasion. Joseph married Asenath, daughter of the priest of On, Potipherah. He was an Egyptian. So Joseph’s 2 sons were mixed race. Black and Semitic. Gen 41 ; 50 Manasseh, and Ephraim. Gen 41 ; 51, 52 Moses wife was Zipporah, who was the daughter of Reuel, Jethro, the Midianite. Ex 2 ; 21 So Zipporah was a black woman. So Moses children were mixed race, also. Num 12 ; 1 Miriam spoke against Moses because of the Ethiopian woman he had married. So I guess Moses had 2 wives. A Midianite, and an Ethiopian. I guessed wrong. The translators used the word ‘Ethiopian’ for any black person. Instead of saying colored, or black, or a person of color, or a dark skin, they put in ‘Ethiopian. Isn’t that just awful !!!!!! Besides, the modern translators have not corrected the mistake. And it is a mistake. There is a country called ‘Ethiopia’. Moses wife was not from Ethiopia. The father of Zipporah was Jethro, alias Raguel, alias Reuel. To Hobab, brother of Zipporah, son of Raguel, a Midianite, Num 10 ; 29, Moses said “Go with us, be as our eyes.” Often, when a black person is spoken of, there is a connection with eyes.
    [Show full text]
  • THE KUSHITE ORIGINS of SU~Ier and ELAM by Runoko Rashidi Ancient Sumer, the Biblical Land of Shinar, Modern Lower Mesopotamia, F
    THE KUSHITE ORIGINS OF SU~iER AND ELAM By Runoko Rashidi And Cush begat Nimrod: he began to be a mighty one in the earth. He was a mighty hunter before the Lord: wherefore it is said, even as Nimrod the mighty hunter before the Lord. And the beginning of his kingdom was Babel ••. in the land of Shinar. 1 Ancient Sumer, the biblical land of Shinar, modern lower Mesopotamia, flourished in the third millenium B.C. covering the territorial expanse of the Tigris/Euphrates River Valley. Embracing the shores of the Persian Gulf, Sumer extended north to Akkad, a distance of about 320 miles, thus constituting Southern Babylonia. The appellation Chaldea, frequently applied to the region, appears to have been introduced by the Assyrians in the ninth century B.c.2 The designations Babylon, Babylonia and Chaldea have been used extensively, particularly by nine­ teenth century scholars, in reference to the area now almost exclusively known as Sumer. Sumer appears to be the first major high-culture of western Asia. She bequeathed to her successor states a tradi­ tion of great achievement. Her many contributions to civili­ zation are well known. Brilliant agriculturalists, the Sumerians built very sophisticated canals and reservoirs to irrigate their fields. They possessed both an advanced legal system and a well developed knowledge of medicine and were perhaps the ancient world's greatest astronomers.3 While these salient facts regarding Sumer's obvious cultural genius are well known, the important question of the racial composition of its population is generally glossed over. This apparent cloud concerning race, however, is very thin and there is a substantial body of evidence in support of the position that the civilization of Sumer was the product of Black migrations from Africa's Nile Valley.
    [Show full text]
  • Final Thesis (002).Pdf
    Canterbury Christ Church University’s repository of research outputs http://create.canterbury.ac.uk Copyright © and Moral Rights for this thesis are retained by the author and/or other copyright owners. A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the copyright holder/s. The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given e.g. Day, Ed (2018) The application of machine learning, big data techniques, and criminology to the analysis of racist tweets. Ph.D. thesis, Canterbury Christ Church University. Contact: [email protected] THE APPLICATION OF MACHINE LEARNING, BIG DATA TECHNIQUES, AND CRIMINOLOGY TO THE ANALYSIS OF RACIST TWEETS. by Ed Day Canterbury Christ Church University Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy 2018 I, Ed Day, confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where infor- mation has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the work. Word Count: 85,994 Abstract Racist tweets are ubiquitous on Twitter. This thesis aims to explore the creation of an automated system to identify tweets and tweeters, and at the same time gain a theoretical understanding of the tweets. To do this a mixed methods approach was employed: ma- chine learning was utilised to identify racist tweets and tweeters, and grounded theory and other qualitative techniques were used to gain an understanding of the tweets’ content.
    [Show full text]
  • Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah
    WISDOM COMMENTARY Volume 38 Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah Wilda C. M. Gafney Carol J. Dempsey, OP Volume Editor Barbara E. Reid, OP General Editor A Michael Glazier Book LITURGICAL PRESS Collegeville, Minnesota www.litpress.org A Michael Glazier Book published by Liturgical Press Cover design by Ann Blattner. Chapter Letter ‘W’, Acts of the Apostles, Chapter 4, Donald Jackson, Copyright 2002, The Saint John’s Bible, Saint John’s University, Collegeville, Minnesota USA. Used by permission. All rights reserved. Scripture texts in this work are taken from the New Revised Standard Version Bible, © 1989, Division of Christian Education of the National Council of the Churches of Christ in the United States of America. Used by permission. All rights reserved. © 2017 by Order of Saint Benedict, Collegeville, Minnesota. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by print, microfilm, microfiche, mechanical recording, photocopying, translation, or by any other means, known or yet unknown, for any purpose except brief quotations in reviews, without the previous written permission of Liturgical Press, Saint John’s Abbey, PO Box 7500, Collegeville, Minnesota 56321-7500. Printed in the United States of America. 123456789 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Gafney, Wilda, 1966– author. Title: Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah / Wilda C. M. Gafney ; Carol J. Dempsey, OP, volume editor ; Barbara E. Reid, OP, general editor. Description: Collegeville, Minnesota : LITURGICAL PRESS, 2017. | Series: Wisdom commentary ; Volume 38 | “A Michael Glazier Book.” | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2017009640 (print) | LCCN 2017030600 (ebook) | ISBN 9780814681879 (ebook) | ISBN 9780814681626 Subjects: LCSH: Bible. Nahum—Feminist criticism.
    [Show full text]
  • Constructs of Prophecy in the Former & Latter Prophets & Other Texts
    CONSTRUCTS of PROPHECY in the FORMER & LATTER PROPHETS & OTHER TEXTS Edited by Lester L. Grabbe & Martti Nissinen Ancient Near East Monographs – Monografías sobre el Antiguo Cercano Oriente Society of Biblical Literature Centro de Estudios de Historia del Antiguo Oriente (UCA) CONSTRUCTS OF PROPHECY IN THE FORMER AND LATTER PROPHETS AND OTHER TEXTS Ancient Near East Monographs General Editors Ehud Ben Zvi Roxana Flammini Editorial Board Michael H. Floyd Jose Galan Erhard S. Gerstenberger Steven W. Holloway Alan Lenzi Santiago Rostom Maderna Martti Nissinen Graciela Gestoso Singer Juan Manuel Tebes Number 4 CONSTRUCTS OF PROPHECY IN THE FORMER AND LATTER PROPHETS AND OTHER TEXTS CONSTRUCTS OF PROPHECY IN THE FORMER AND LATTER PROPHETS AND OTHER TEXTS Edited by Lester L. Grabbe Martti Nissinen Society of Biblical Literature Atlanta Copyright © 2011 by the Society of Biblical Literature All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or published in print form except with permission from the publisher. Individuals are free to copy, distribute, and transmit the work in whole or in part by electronic means or by means of any informa- tion or retrieval system under the following conditions: (1) they must include with the work notice of ownership of the copyright by the Society of Biblical Literature; (2) they may not use the work for commercial purposes; and (3) they may not alter, transform, or build upon the work. Requests for permission should be addressed in writing to the Rights and Permissions Office, Society of Biblical Literature, 825 Houston Mill Road, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Constructs of prophecy in the former and latter prophets and other texts / edited by Lester L.
    [Show full text]
  • Download the Adult Bible Studies Guide to Pronunciation
    ADULT BIBLE STUDIES CONCISE COMMENTARY Guide to Pronunciation Guide to Pronunciation Aaron: AIR-un Adonizedek: Ah-doh-nigh-ZEH-dek Abaddon: Ah-BAD-dun Adoram: Ah-DORE-um Abarim: Ah-bah-REEM Adrammelech: AH-druh-MEH-leck Abba: AH-buh Adramyttium: Ah-drah-MIH-tee-um Abdon: AB-dun Adullam: Ah-DUHL-ahm Abednego: Ah-BED-neh-go Aegean: Ah-GEE-an Abel-Beth-Maacah: AH-bell-BETH-mah-ah-CAH Aeneas: Ah-NEE-us Abel: AY-bel Aenon: EYE-non Abelmaim: AH-bel-MAH-yim Agabus: AH-gah-bus Abiathar: Ah-bee-AH-thar Agape: Ah-GAH-pay Abihu: Ah-BEE-hoo Agrippa: Ah-GRIP-ah Abijah: Ah-BEE-jah Agur: AH-gur Abijam: Ah-BEE-jam Ahasuerus: Ah-hah-zoo-AIR-us Abimelech: Ah-BIM-uh-leck Ahaz: AY-haz Abinadab: Ah-BIH-nuh-dab Ahaziah: Ah-hah-ZIGH-ah Abinoam: Ah-bih-NOH-um Ahijah: Ah-HEE-jah Abiram: Ah-BEE-ram Ahimaaz: Ah-HIH-mah-az Abishag: AB-ih-shag Ahimelech: Ah-HIH-meh-leck Abishai: AA-bih-shigh Ahinoam: Ah-hee-NOH-um Abner: AB-ner Ahisamach: Ah-HEE-sah-mahk Abomination: Ah-bah-mih-NAY-shun Ahithophel: Ah-HITH-oh-fel Abraham: AY-brah-ham Ai: EYE Absalom: AB-sah-lom Aiah: Ah-EE-ah Acacia: Ah-KAY-shah Aijalon: AY-jah-lun Achaia: Ah-KAY-ah Akkadian: Ah-KAY-dee-an Achan: AH-kun Akrabbim: Ah-krah-BEEM Achar: Ah-KAHR Alamoth: AL-uh-moth Achish: Ah-KEESH Alpha: AL-fah Achor: Ah-CORE Amalek: AM-uh-leck Achsah: AHK-sah Amalekites: Ah-MAL-eh-kites Achshaph: AHK-shahf Amana: Ah-MAH-nah Achzib: Ahk-ZEEB Amariah: Am-ah-RIGH-ah Acropolis: Ah-CRAH-poh-liss Amasa: Ah-MAH-sah Adonijah: Ah-doh-NIGH-juh Amasis: AM-ah-sis Adoniram: Ah-doh-NIGH-ram Amenemopet: Ah-men-EM-oh-pay 1 ADULT BIBLE
    [Show full text]
  • The Importance and Challenges of Finding Africa in the Old Testament: the Case of the Cush Texts
    THE IMPORTANCE AND CHALLENGES OF FINDING AFRICA IN THE OLD TESTAMENT: THE CASE OF THE CUSH TEXTS by PHILIP LOKEL submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF THEOLOGY in the subject OLD TESTAMENT at the UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AFRICA PROMOTER: PROF S W VAN HEERDEN JOINT PROMOTER: PROF K HOLTER JUNE 2006 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .......................................................................................... vi DECLARATION..........................................................................................................viii SUMMARY .................................................................................................................. ix KEY TERMS .................................................................................................................. xi ABBREVIATIONS.......................................................................................................xii CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1.1 A brief overview and statement of the problem..................................................... 1 1.2 Aims and objectives of the study ........................................................................... 10 1.2.1 Importance ............................................................................................................. 10 1.2.2 Challenges.............................................................................................................. 15 1.3 Clarification of thesis.............................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • 'From Beyond the Rivers of Cush': Negotiating Ethnic Identity And
    ‘From Beyond the Rivers of Cush’: Negotiating Ethnic Identity and Cushite-Israelite Interrelations in the Hebrew Bible by Kevin Burrell Dissertation presented for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of Stellenbosch Promoter: Prof. Louis C. Jonker Faculty of Theology Department of Old and New Testament December 2018 Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za DECLARATION By submitting this thesis/dissertation electronically, I declare that the entirety of the work contained therein is my own, original work, that I am the sole author thereof (save to the extent explicitly otherwise stated), that reproduction and publication thereof by Stellenbosch University will not infringe any third party rights and that I have not previously in its entirety or in part submitted it for obtaining any qualification December 2018 Copyright © 2018 Stellenbosch University All rights reserved ii - - Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za ABSTRACT It is almost axiomatic that the impetus to study the past is occasioned by contemporary paradigms and circumstances. In recent years the steady flow of critical investigations of ethnic sentiments in the biblical literature can be directly correlated to the salience of ethnic dynamics in our modern, multicultural context. It is reasonable to assert then that the biblical scholar’s primary purpose for studying ethnic dynamics in Israel’s past is to inform, in one way or another, the contemporary struggle for identity in an ethnically and racially fractured social landscape. The primary objective of this work is to investigate representations of Cushites in the Hebrew Bible, and as such it is a study of the past.
    [Show full text]
  • Priscilla Papers Vol. 14, No. 1
    HIDDEN AFRICANS OF THE BIBLE AND EARLY CHURCH Catherine Clark Kroeger How seldom are we made aware of the special promises that God has given to African people! Psalm 68:31 declares that “Cush shall reach out its arms to God!” (The early Church loved this promise, for they considered Cush to be a metaphor for the gentile Bride of Christ.) The Psalms predicted that one day people would recognize the spirituality of the Cushites, and declare that they had been born anew in Zion (87:3-6). Isaiah foretold that God would bring forth a remnant from Cush (11:11), and a redeemed people bearing gifts to Zion (18:1- 8). Zephaniah proclaimed that from beyond the rivers of Cush, God’s people should bring offerings (3:10). Amos expresses God’s concern for Cush: “ ‘Are you not like the Cushites to me, O people of Israel?’ says the Lord” (9:7). iblical scholars are aware that “Cush” sometimes Zipporah had understood the importance of circumcision refers to all of Africa, sometimes to all of Africa and performed the ritual on their sons (Ex 18:1-27). Even if Bexcept Egypt, and sometimes to ancient Nubia, the Cushite wife refers to a second spouse, then Moses also stretching from modern Aswan in the north to Khartoum in looks to his new father-in-law for guidance and direction the south. Today most of this area lies in the Sudan. But how (Num 10:29-32; Jdg 1:16). is the general reader to understand that Cush and Cushite When the Israelites settle the land of Canaan, there were (used 57 times in the Hebrew Bible) are in fact a designation Africans among them.
    [Show full text]