DOCSLIB.ORG

Ocean Drilling Program Initial Reports Volume

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Ocean Drilling Program Initial Reports Volume Premoli Silva, I., Haggerty, J., Rack, F., et al., 1993 Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Initial Reports, Vol. 144 3. SITE 8711 Shipboard Scientific Party2 HOLE 871A Time on hole: 5 days, 1 hr, 15 min Position: 5°33.438'N, 172°20.658'E Date occupied: 23 May 1992 Bottom felt (rig floor, m; drill-pipe measurement): 1265.5 Date departed: 25 May 1992 Distance between rig floor and sea level (m): 10.9 Time on hole: 12 hr, 15 min Water depth (drill-pipe measurement from sea level, m): 1254.6 Position: 5°33.432'N, 172°20.658'E Total depth (rig floor, m): 1735.5 Bottom felt (rig floor, m; drill-pipe measurement): 1265.5 Penetration (m): 500.0 Distance between rig floor and sea level (m): 10.9 Number of cores (including cores with no recovery): 40 Water depth (drill-pipe measurement from sea level, m): 1254.6 Total length of cored section (m): 376.00 Total depth (rig floor, m): 1417.4 Total core recovered (m): 54.79 Penetration (m): 151.9 Core recovery (%): 14.6 Number of cores (including cores with no recovery): 17 Oldest sediment cored: Total length of cored section (m): 151.90 Depth (mbsf): 451.6 Total core recovered (m): 126.05 Nature: mottled red and gray clay with volcanic clasts Core recovery (%): 83 Age: early late Paleocene Oldest sediment cored: Measured velocity (km/s): 4.0-4.3 Depth (mbsf): 151.9 Hard rock: Age: middle Eocene Depth (mbsf): 451.5 Nature: basalt HOLE 871B Measured velocity (km/s): 4.0-4.7 Basement: Date occupied: 25 May 1992 Depth (mbsf): 451.6 Date departed: 25 May 1992 Nature: basalt Measured velocity (km/s): 4.0-4.7 Time on hole: 12 hr, 15 min Principal results: Site 871 (proposed Site Har-2) is located at 5°33.43'N, Position: 5°33.432'N, 172°20.658'E 172°20.66'E, in a water depth of 1255 m in the south central portion of Bottom felt (rig floor, m; drill-pipe measurement): 1264.9 Limalok (Harrie) Guyot, approximately 53.7 km from Mili Atoll in the southern Marshall Islands. This site is the southernmost site of the north- Distance between rig floor and sea level (m): 10.9 south transect of sites drilled by Leg 144 and on the basis of previous work Water depth (drill-pipe measurement from sea level, m): 1254.0 in this region, Limalok Guyot is considered the youngest of the guyots in Total depth (rig floor, m): 1417.3 the Marshall Island region. The objectives at this location were (1) to recover pelagic sediments for high-resolution stratigraphy; (2) to determine the Penetration (m): 152.4 principal diagenetic processes and the acoustic stratigraphy of thick pelagic Number of cores (including cores with no recovery): 17 carbonate sequences on the top of the guyot; (3) to date the interface between Total length of cored section (m): 152.40 the pelagic cap and the underlying platform, and infer the age and cause of platform drowning; (4) to establish the characteristics of the shallow-water Total core recovered (m): 103.94 facies and changes with time; and (5) to establish the age of the basement. Core recovery (%): 68.2 Three holes were drilled at Site 871; Hole 87IB is located 10 m east Oldest sediment cored: of Hole 871 A, whereas Hole 87 IC is located 10 m to the west of Hole Depth (mbsf): 152.4 871 A. Holes 871A and 87IB were cored with the advanced hydraulic Age: middle Eocene piston core (APC) to 139.5 and 133.2 mbsf, respectively, where refusal occurred at the boundary between early Miocene and middle Eocene sediments. These holes were continued by extended core barrel (XCB) HOLE 871C coring to 151.9 mbsf achieving a total of 83% recovery (Hole 871 A), and 152.4 mbsf achieving a total of 68.2% recovery (Hole 87IB). The APC Date occupied: 26 May 1992 cores are poor candidates for high-resolution stratigraphic studies because Date departed: 31 May 1992 the recovered sediments are winnowed and very soupy. A third hole, Hole 87IC, was spudded using the rotary core barrel ' Premoli Silva, I., Haggerty, J., Rack, R, et al., 1993. Proc. ODP, Init. Repts., 144: (RCB). After washing through the pelagic cap, cores were recovered from College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program). 133.7 to 500 mbsf total depth (TD). The recovered material includes ~ Shipboard Scientific Party is as given in the list of participants preceding the contents. platform limestones from 133.7 to 422.9 mbsf, clay from 422.9 to 451.5 41 SITE 871 mbsf, and altered basalt from 451.5 to 500 mbsf. Recovery in Hole 87IC surfaces, the Eocene platform generally consists of low-resistivity facies averaged 14.6% with only 3.5% recovery in the sedimentary section. containing several smaller uranium anomalies, especially within the upper A free-fall reentry funnel was deployed through the moonpool in 80 m of the platform. The underlying rhodolith and coralline grainstone preparation for logging Hole 87IC. Two attempts were made with the facies contain several dense, high-resistivity, meter-scale beds, that exhibit Japanese, lightweight, slim-hole magnetometer to log the basement rocks. high uranium concentrations, that may be an expression of the algal nature Although the drill pipe was kept deep in the hole to avoid running the of the material. magnetometer past potential bridges in the limestone section of the hole, a bridge had formed in the deeper section of the hole and a subsequent BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES obstruction of the drill pipe with clay prevented successful logging. A successive series of problems with the clay section resulted in the decision Site 871 (proposed Site Har-2) is located at 5°33.43'N, 172°20.66'E not to log the lowermost portion of the hole, but successful logging was at a water depth of 1255 m, atop the drowned platform of Limalok conducted across the entire limestone section. Standard Schlumberger (Harrie) Guyot in the Ratak Chain of the southern Marshall Islands. geophysical and geochemical logs were run, as well as two runs with the Limalok Guyot occupies a position with respect to Mili Atoll that is Formation MicroScanner. morphologically analogous to the Wodejebato Guyot-Pikinni Atoll (Syl- Four lithologic units were identified at Site 871 using a combination of vania Guyot-Bikini Atoll) situation; namely, both Limalok and Wodeje- visual core descriptions, augmented by smear slide and thin section data as bato guyots share their volcanic pedestal with a sibling that is a living well as downhole logging data. Age identification of these units was based atoll. Both guyots are interpreted to have the classic guyot pattern of (1) on calcareous plankton (pelagic cap) and larger benthic foraminifers (plat- pelagic cap, (2) reef rims, and (3) gullied lower slopes consisting of debris form limestones). The identified lithologic units are, from top to bottom: flows. The geologic interpretation is based on an extensive collection of Unit I (0-133.7 mbsf) consists of foraminifer nannofossil ooze and dredged limestones, side-scan imagery, and seismic lines. foraminifer ooze of Pleistocene to early Miocene age. Sediment composi- The reef limestones dredged from Limalok Guyot are of early tion allowed the subdivision of Unit I in two subunits. Subunit IA (0-26.5 Eocene age (Schlanger et al., 1987), significantly younger than the mbsf) is comprised of light gray nannofossil foraminifer ooze of Pleisto- Cretaceous reef material recovered from Wodejebato Guyot and cene to latest Miocene age; Subunit IB (26.5-133.7 mbsf) is comprised of several other guyots in the Marshall Islands (Lincoln et al, in press). white homogeneous foraminifer ooze with a medium sand texture, well- This contrast with Wodejebato Guyot, where reef growth may have sorted and winnowed, of middle to early Miocene age. The transition ceased during Late Cretaceous time (Schlanger et al., 1987), suggests between the two subunits is marked by a hiatus that spans the late middle that there may be an older reef history at Limalok Guyot that survived to latest Miocene. through the early Eocene. Unit II (133.7^422.9 mbsf) consists of a sequence of white to very pale According to Lincoln et al. (in press), the past position of Limalok brown platform carbonates of middle Eocene to early late Paleocene age. Guyot does not fall within any hotspot target area. The minimum age Unit II is subdivided into six subunits on the basis of fossil content and of Limalok Guyot is based on early Eocene reef and pelagic limestone lithology. The carbonate rock types in Unit II include packstone, grainstone, containing volcanic debris recovered by dredging (Schlanger et al., and wackestone with abundant benthic foraminifers (mostly miliolids with 1987). If Limalok Guyot erupted 10-30 m.y. before reef building, as agglutinated foraminifers, Nummulites, alveolinids, and Asterocyclina), did Anewetak and Midway atolls, then the past position for Limalok common red and green algae (corallinaceans, squamariaceans, solenopo- Guyot would plot well within a 600-km radius of the Tahiti Hotspot raceans, and udotaceans) and common molluscan molds of bivalves and target area. The Paleocene Tahiti track lies near Limalok Guyot, the gastropods. The porosity of these rocks is estimated at 5%-10% and is site of early Eocene reef building. predominantly moldic, solution-enlarged interparticle, and/or microvuggy. The SeaMARC II side-scan imagery of Limalok Guyot demon- Porosity is moderately reduced by passively precipitated, pore-lining car- strates a morphologic similarity to Wodejebato Guyot and the classic bonate cement; however, most of the secondary porosity remains open.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Feasibility Study GREEN CLIMATE FUND FUNDING PROPOSAL I
    Annex II – Feasibility Study GREEN CLIMATE FUND FUNDING PROPOSAL I FEASIBILITY STUDY Addressing Climate Vulnerability In the Water Sector (ACWA) United Nations Development Programme UNDP On behalf of Government of the Republic of the Marshall Islands RMI March 2018 For Submission to the Green Climate Fund EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI) is a small island developing states (SIDS) consisting of 29 coral atolls and 5 single islands. The nation is a large-ocean state, with approximately 1,225 islands and islets with a total land area of only 182 km2, spread across over 2 million km2 of vast ocean space. Most of the 24 inhabited local government jurisdictions (atolls and islands) are remote and lie merely 2 meters above sea level on average, posing various challenges and risks to sustainable development in face of climate change. RMI’s population in 2017 is estimated as 55,5621, most of which is concentrated in urban atolls of Majuro and Kwajalein (Ebeye)2. Context Climate Change: It is predicted, that RMI will face increasing sea level rise, increasing rainfall variability with potential for extended drought periods and increasing storm surges with climate change3, further aggravating RMI’s vulnerability and more specifically sustainable water supply. These climate change impacts are likely to exacerbate the risks of water shortages in RMI, by further challenging the ability of the Marshallese people to have access to safe freshwater resources year-round. Droughts and storm waves are some of the key climate based events that impact RMI. Climate projections show that in the next twenty-five years, rainfall and drought scenarios in RMI will continue and may increase in the short term4.
    [Show full text]
  • Cretaceous and Paleogene Manganese-Encrusted Hardgrounds from Central Pacific Guyots
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Department Papers in the Earth and Atmospheric Sciences of 1995 Cretaceous and Paleogene Manganese-Encrusted Hardgrounds from Central Pacific Guyots David K. Watkins University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] Isabella Premoli Silva Università degli Studi di Milano Elisabetta Erba Università degli Studi di Milano, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/geosciencefacpub Part of the Earth Sciences Commons Watkins, David K.; Silva, Isabella Premoli; and Erba, Elisabetta, "Cretaceous and Paleogene Manganese- Encrusted Hardgrounds from Central Pacific Guyots" (1995). Papers in the Earth and Atmospheric Sciences. 221. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/geosciencefacpub/221 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Papers in the Earth and Atmospheric Sciences by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Haggerty, J.A., Premoli Silva, I., Rack, F., and McNutt, M.K. (Eds.), 1995 Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results, Vol. 144 5. CRETACEOUS AND PALEOGENE MANGANESE-ENCRUSTED HARDGROUNDS FROM CENTRAL PACIFIC GUYOTS1 David K. Watkins,2 Isabella Premoli Silva,3 and Elisabetta Erba3 ABSTRACT Manganese-encrusted hardgrounds and associated sediments from four guyots in the western Pacific Ocean were investigated using lithostratigraphic and biostratigraphic examination of thin sections. Biostratigraphic data from manganese-encrusted hard- grounds constrain the age of platform drowning to early middle Eocene for Limalok Guyot, latest Maastrichtian to early Paleocene for Wodejebato Guyot, and middle late Albian for MIT Guyot.
    [Show full text]
  • Terminal Evaluation: Undp Gef Project (Id 2568) Renewable Energies (Admire)” 12 May 2016
    TERMINAL EVALUATION: UNDP GEF PROJECT (ID 2568) “ACTION FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF MARSHALL ISLANDS RENEWABLE ENERGIES (ADMIRE)” 12 MAY 2016 AMITAV RATH i Acknowledgements I am grateful to many people for their cooperation and assistance during the conduct of this evaluation and wish to thank them for providing time for meetings, interviews and for answering many questions in person and by email and phone. Special thanks are due to all the persons (listed in the third annex) who provided time and valuable insights and information and contributed to this evaluation. Special thanks are due to the staff of the Ministry of Resources and Development, Republic of the Marshall Islands for their support during the evaluation mission and to the staff of UNDP in Fiji and Bangkok, who provided many documents, shared their insights and provided full assistance. Individual mention and acknowledgement are due to ‐ Walter Myazoe at MRD, who provided a very wide set of documents on the many different energy related cooperation activities in RMI, without which my understanding of the situation would have been very inadequate; Dolores deBrum Kattil, the Project Manager who provided me with the considerable documentation on the project and made all arrangements for the meetings in RMI; Ned Lobwij at MRD who stepped in to make many interviews and meetings actually happen, as Annex 3. Special acknowledgements are due to Emma Mario, the Environment Programme Analyst at the UNDP Fiji MCO for discussions and additional documents; Thomas Jensen, Energy Programme Specialist at the UNDP Pacific Centre, Fiji, for extensive comments to the first draft; and to Manuel L.
    [Show full text]
  • Atoll Research Bulletin No. 330 a Review of The
    ATOLL RESEARCH BULLETIN NO. 330 A REVIEW OF THE NATURAL HISTORY OF THE MARSHALL ISLANDS BY F. RAYMOND FOSBERG ISSUED BY NATIONAL MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION WASHINGTON, D.C., U.S.A. January 1990 A REVIEW OF THE NATURAL HISTORY OF THE MARSHALL ISLANDS F. RAYMOND FOSBERG This review was prepared on very short notice, to provide a summary of what is known to the reviewer at the time, June 1988, about the natural phenomena of the Marshall Islands. This was for the use of the members of the survay team sent to the Marshalls by the Environmentand Policy Institute of the East-West Center, Honolulu. Their mission was to investigate the remaining relatively natural areas and the extent of biodiversity in the new Republic of the Marshall Islands. The Marshall Archipelago has been the habitat of Aboriginal man for many hundreds, perhaps even thousands, of years. Hence there is very little, if any, undisturbed land remaining. Since the coming of the Europeans, in the 19th Century, and especially in the years 1940 to the present, the disturbance and change have been greatly intensified. On four of the Atolls, namely, Eniwetok, Bikini, Kwajalein, and Majuro, the alteration has been catastrophic. Change is so rapid that even a superficial account of what was observed during the early and mid 1950's seems worth placing on permanent record. This account is definitely not the results of a systematic literature search, but merely what is stores in the reviewer's head and in his notebooks, with such additions as are acknowkedged in the text.
    [Show full text]
  • CATCHING the DRIFT: Impacts of Oceanic Drift Material in the Marshall Islands
    MICRONESIAN JOURNAL OF THE HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES Vol. 5, nº 1/2 Combined Issue November 2006 CATCHING THE DRIFT: Impacts of Oceanic Drift Material in the Marshall Islands Nancy Vander Velde and Brian Vander Velde Majuro, Marshall Islands The Marshall Islands, situated in the Central Pacific, are far from any major landmass. However, by means of oceanic drift, they are connected with virtually all the Pacific. This paper reviews how the types of drift from various areas have impacted the lives of people on the Marshall Islands. The local language, canoe construction, tools, food, agriculture and other aspects of the culture have been influenced by oceanic drift, with the effects continuing to the present The Marshall Islands, located from between with the help of humans. All other plants likely 160º to 173º east and 4º to 14º north, lie thou- came by traveling the waves. sands kilometers in all directions from any ma- The proportion of plant species which likely jor mass of land. Geologically the 29 atolls and came through oceanic drift is quite high when 5 solitary coral islands1, which constitute this compared with other islands. After Krakatau country, are figured to be quite young, prob- was devastated in 1883, the restoration process ably only coming to a point where they could began a little over a year later with a “few be colonized by land species three- to four- blades of grass.” Although the nearest unaffec- thousand years ago. Furthermore, it was likely ted land was comparatively near, being only only about two-thousand years ago when hu- about 40 km away, early plant recolonization mans were able to colonize the land (NBTRMI consisted of many species which spread via 2000, pp.
    [Show full text]
  • Establishing Baseline Data to Support Sustainable Maritime Transport Services
    Pacific Region Infrastructure Facility Establishing Baseline Data to Support Sustainable Maritime Transport Services Focused on the Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI) FINAL REPORT September 2018 Establishing Baseline Data to Support Sustainable Maritime Transport Services Final Report The Pacific Region Infrastructure Facility (PRIF) is a multi-development partner coordination, research and technical assistance facility which supports infrastructure development in the Pacific. PRIF Members include: Asian Development Bank (ADB), Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT), European Investment Bank (EIB), European Union (EU), Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade (NZMFAT), United States Department of State and the World Bank Group. This report is published by PRIF. The views expressed are those of the author and contributors, and do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of ADB, its Board of Governors, the governments they represent or any of the PRIF member agencies. Furthermore, the above parties neither guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication, nor do they accept responsibility for any consequence of their application. The use of information contained in this report is encouraged, with appropriate acknowledgement. The report may only be reproduced with the permission of the PRIF Coordination Office on behalf of the PRIF members. For further information, please contact: PRIF Coordination Office c/- Asian Development Bank Level 20, 45 Clarence Street Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, 2000 Tel: +61 2 8270 9444 Email: [email protected] Website: www.theprif.org Note: This project to establish the baseline data to support sustainable maritime transport services has been carried out in collaboration with GIZ, and in particular, with Mr Raffael Held, Marine Engineer Intern on the German Government funded project, Transitioning to Low Carbon Sea Transport in the Marshall Islands, managed by GIZ.
    [Show full text]
  • Technical Assistance Consultant's Report Regional
    Technical Assistance Consultant’s Report Project Number: RETA6204 August 2005 Regional: Mainstreaming Environmental Considerations in Economic and Development Planning Processes in Selected Developing Member Countries (Financed by TASF) Prepared by E. Hay and Ellia Sablan-Zebedy For ADB This consultant’s report does not necessarily reflect the views of ADB or the Government concerned, and ADB and the Government cannot be held liable for its contents. (For project preparatory technical assistance: All the views expressed herein may not be incorporated into the proposed project’s design. ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK TA: 6204-REG REPUBLIC OF THE MARSHALL ISLANDS COUNTRY ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS Mainstreaming Environmental Considerations in Economic and Development Planning Processes FINAL REPORT Prepared by: John E. Hay and Ellia Sablan-Zebedy August, 2005 Executive Summary 1. The Asian Development Bank (ADB) uses the country environmental analysis (CEA) as the tool to assist with early incorporation of environmental considerations into the country strategy and program (CSP) for its Developing Member Countries. The CEA provides targeted information necessary for informed decision making on environmental constraints, needs, and opportunities, including those that impinge upon poverty partnership agreements, as appropriate. The focus is on adding value to planned and ongoing development initiatives by reducing environmental constraints and exploiting environment- related opportunities. 2. This CEA for the Republic of Marshall Islands (RMI) describes the environmental issues that are most important to RMI’s development strategy as well as ADB’s role in helping remove the environmental constraints on sustained development. The CEA is directed in part at the policy, program, and sector levels, but the principal focus is on identifying how opportunities and constraints presented by the environment and natural resources of the RMI can be address by way of environmentally sensitive projects in the assistance pipeline.
    [Show full text]
  • 2007 Business Opportunities Report For
    REPUBLIC OF THE MARSHALL ISLANDS BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES REPORT PREPARED FOR THE UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR OFFICE OF INSULAR AFFAIRS SERENA MATSUNAGA – SEPTEMBER 2004 UPDATED BY FENG-YU CHUANG – JULY 2007 Disclaimer: This document has been prepared by MBA students, or recent graduates, to disseminate information on the Republic of the Marshall Islands for the purposes of the 2007 Business Opportunities Conference sponsored by the U.S. Department of the Interior, Office of Insular Affairs. The views and recommendations contained in this document, however, are solely those of its author and not the U.S. Government or any agency or officer thereof. Those intending to initiate ventures in this location are advised to conduct independent due diligence. TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................................................................... 1 BACKROUND.............................................................................................................................................. 3 Location..................................................................................................................................................... 3 Historical Background............................................................................................................................... 3 Government ............................................................................................................................................... 4 ECONOMY..................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Table 1.1 GEOGRAPHY of the MARSHALL ISLANDS. Approxi- Area Mate No. (Square Miles) Latitude Longitude Name Type of Islets
    Table 1.1 GEOGRAPHY OF THE MARSHALL ISLANDS. Approxi- Area mate No. (square miles) Latitude Longitude Name Type of Islets Lagoon Dry Land (Deg. Min.) (Deg. Min.) Marshall Islands 1,225 4,506.87 70.05 4 34' - 14 42' 160 47' - 172 10' Ratak Chain 641 1672.52 34.02 5 53' - 14 42' 168 53' - 172 10' 1 Bokak Atoll 10 30.13 1.25 14 32' - 14 42' 168 53' - 169 1' 2 Bikar Atoll 7 14.44 0.19 12 11' - 12 18' 170 4' - 170 9' 3 Utrok Atoll 10 22.29 0.94 11 12' - 11 12' 169 45' - 169 51' 4 Toke Atoll 6 35.96 0.22 11 5' - 11 30' 169 33' - 169 40' 5 Mejit Island 1 _ 0.72 10 16' - 10 18' 170 52' - 70 53' 6 Ailuk Atoll 55 68.47 2.07 10 12' - 10 27' 169 52' - 169 59' 7 Jemo Island 1 _ 0.06 10 7' 169 33' 8 Likiep Atoll 65 163.71 3.96 9 48' - 10 4' 168 58' - 169 20' 9 Wotje Atoll 75 241.06 3.16 9 21' - 9 32' 169 48' - 170 15' 10 Erkub Atoll 16 88.92 0.59 9 8' 170 0' 11 Maloelap Atoll 75 375.57 3.79 8 29' - 8 55' 170 50' - 171 15' 12 Aur Atoll 43 92.58 2.17 8 7' - 8 22' 171 1' - 171 12' 13 Majuro Atoll 64 113.92 3.75 7 3' - 7 13' 171 2' - 171 58' 14 Arno Atoll 103 130.77 5.00 6 58' - 7 18' 171 33' - 171 57' 15 Mili Atoll 92 294.70 6.15 5 53' - 6 16' 171 42' - 172 10' 16 Nadikdik Atoll 18 _ _ _ _ _ _ Ralik Chain 584 2834.35 36.03 4 34' - 11 42' 160 47' - 169 44' 17 Enewetak Atoll 44 387.99 2.26 11 20' - 11 41' 162 17' - 162 24' 18 Ujelang Atoll 30 25.47 0.67 9 46' - 9 53' 160 47' - 161 0' 19 Bikini Atoll 36 229.40 2.32 11 29' - 11 42' 165 12' - 165 34' 20 Rongdrik Atoll 14 55.38 0.65 11 15' - 11 25' 167 22' - 167 32' 21 Ronglap Atoll 61 387.77 3.07 11 9' - 11
    [Show full text]
  • Table of Contents
    Inventory of Submerged Cultural and Historical Resources of Maloelap Atoll TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract. I Acknowledgments. II Table of Contents. 1 Table of Photographs and Drawings. 2 Table of Maps. 5 Chapter One: Introduction. 6 Research Design. Limitations to Research. Previous Research. Survey Equipment. Team Members and Local Informants/Guides. Chapter Two: Background. 9 Historical Introduction to Maloelap. Current Conditions and Ecology. Chapter Three: Site Identification. Summary of Maloelap Sites Map. 14 SITE 1: Japanese Mitsubishi A6M wreckage at North Ollet Island. 15 SITE 2: Japanese Mitsubishi A6M wreckage at Central Ollet Island. 23 SITE 3: Sunken Japanese Vessel “Seisho Maru” at Ollet Island. 29 SITE 4: Sunken Japanese Vessel “Kaikou Maru” at Ollet Island. 38 SITE 5: Japanese Mitsubishi A6M wreckage at South Ollet Island. 54 SITE 6: Japanese Pier at Pigete Island. 63 SITE 7: Wreckage of an American B-25 Aircraft. 67 SITE 8: Sunken Japanese Vessel “Terushima Maru” at Taroa anchorage. 78 Other Sites in Maloelap Atoll. 93 Chapter Four: Site Significance. 96 Chapter Five: Conclusions. 99 References Cited. 100 Bibliography. 102 Appendices: 107 Appendix 1. List of Military Documents. Appendix 2. Video Tape Summary. Appendix 3. Contractor's Curriculum Vitae. 1 Inventory of Submerged Cultural and Historical Resources of Maloelap Atoll. TABLE OF PHOTOGRAPHS AND DRAWINGS Cover Photo. View of the deck gun on the bow of the Kaikou Maru. Chapter 2 Historical Introduction to Maloelap. 1. Photo of modern Maloelap small tropical island. 10 2. Photo of bomb craters in the Admirals area, Taroa 1944. 13 SITE NUMBER 1. NORTHERN OLLET ZERO WRECKAGE 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Ocean Drilling Program Scientific Results Volume
    Haggerty, J.A., Premoli Silva, I., Rack, F., and McNutt, M.K. (Eds.), 1995 Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results, Vol. 144 33. PHYSIOGRAPHY AND ARCHITECTURE OF MARSHALL ISLANDS GUYOTS DRILLED DURING LEG 144: GEOPHYSICAL CONSTRAINTS ON PLATFORM DEVELOPMENT1 Douglas D. Bergersen2 ABSTRACT Drilling during Ocean Drilling Program Leg 144 provided much needed stratigraphic control on guyots in the Marshall Islands. Information from geophysical surveys conducted before drilling and the ages and lithologies assigned to the sediments sampled during Leg 144 make it possible to compare the submerged platforms of Limalok, Lo-En, and Wodejebato with each other and with various islands and atolls in the Hawaiian and French Polynesian chains. The gross physiography and stratigraphy of the platforms drilled during Leg 144 are similar in many respects to modern islands and atolls in French Polynesia: perimeter ridges bound lagoon sediments, transition zones of clay and altered volcaniclastic sediments separate the shallow-water platform carbonates from the underlying volcanic flows, and basement highs rise toward the center of the platforms. Ridges extending from the flanks of these guyots conform in number to rift zones observed on Hawaiian volcanoes. Edifices appear to remain unstable after moving away from the hotspot swell on the basis of fault blocks perched along the flanks of the guyots. The apparent absence of an extensive carbonate platform on Lo-En, the 100-m-thick sequence of Late Cretaceous shallow- water carbonates on Wodejebato, and the 230-m-thick sequence of Paleocene to middle Eocene platform carbonates on Limalok relate to differing episodes of volcanism, uplift, and subsidence affecting platform development.
    [Show full text]
  • 41. Stratigraphy and Sediment Accumulation Patterns of the Upper Cenozoic Pelagic Carbonate Caps of Guyots in the Northwestern Pacific Ocean1
    Haggerty, J.A., Premoli Silva, I., Rack, F., and McNutt, M.K. (Eds.), 1995 Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results, Vol. 144 41. STRATIGRAPHY AND SEDIMENT ACCUMULATION PATTERNS OF THE UPPER CENOZOIC PELAGIC CARBONATE CAPS OF GUYOTS IN THE NORTHWESTERN PACIFIC OCEAN1 David K. Watkins,2 Paul N. Pearson,3 Elisabetta Erba,4 Frank R. Rack,5 Isabella Premoli Silva,4 Horst W. Bohrmann,6 Julianna Fenner,7 and Peter R.N. Hobbs8 ABSTRACT Many of the guyots of the Northwestern Pacific Ocean are capped by sequences of uncemented pelagic carbonate. Exami- nation of three of these pelagic caps from Limalok, Lo-En, and Wodejebato guyots in the Marshall Islands indicates that sedi- ment accumulation throughout the late Paleogene and late Cenozoic was characterized by episodes of deposition during the earliest Miocene, late early to early middle Miocene, late middle Miocene, mid-Pliocene, and Quaternary, separated by periods of little or no accumulation. The Miocene record consists of extensively winnowed foraminifer oozes, which suggest relatively energetic currents in the intermediate waters. The Pliocene and Quaternary sequences contain finer grained nannofossil oozes, suggesting lower intermediate-water current velocities. Comparison with guyots from more northern locations indicates a highly predictable relationship between modern latitude and pelagic cap thickness, with thickness decreasing toward the north. Stratigraphic and seismic reflection evidence suggests that erosion is the major factor contributing to the diminution and even- tual destruction of the pelagic caps as they are rafted northward by the motion of the Pacific Plate. INTRODUCTION and synthesis, this volume) and Premoli Silva, Haggerty, Rack, et al.
    [Show full text]