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Military History Anniversaries 16 Thru 30 November
Military History Anniversaries 16 thru 30 November Events in History over the next 15 day period that had U.S. military involvement or impacted in some way on U.S military operations or American interests Nov 16 1776 – American Revolution: British and Hessian units capture Fort Washington from the Patriots. Nearly 3,000 Patriots were taken prisoner, and valuable ammunition and supplies were lost to the Hessians. The prisoners faced a particularly grim fate: Many later died from deprivation and disease aboard British prison ships anchored in New York Harbor. Nov 16 1776 – American Revolution: The United Provinces (Low Countries) recognize the independence of the United States. Nov 16 1776 – American Revolution: The first salute of an American flag (Grand Union Flag) by a foreign power is rendered by the Dutch at St. Eustatius, West Indies in reply to a salute by the Continental ship Andrew Doria. Nov 16 1798 – The warship Baltimore is halted by the British off Havana, intending to impress Baltimore's crew who could not prove American citizenship. Fifty-five seamen are imprisoned though 50 are later freed. Nov 16 1863 – Civil War: Battle of Campbell's Station near Knoxville, Tennessee - Confederate troops unsuccessfully attack Union forces. Casualties and losses: US 316 - CSA 174. Nov 16 1914 – WWI: A small group of intellectuals led by the physician Georg Nicolai launch Bund Neues Vaterland, the New Fatherland League in Germany. One of the league’s most active supporters was Nicolai’s friend, the great physicist Albert Einstein. 1 Nov 16 1941 – WWII: Creed of Hate - Joseph Goebbels publishes in the German magazine Das Reich that “The Jews wanted the war, and now they have it”—referring to the Nazi propaganda scheme to shift the blame for the world war onto European Jewry, thereby giving the Nazis a rationalization for the so-called Final Solution. -
Estudio Del Avión Mitsubishi A6M Zero Y Modelado En CATIA V5
Trabajo Fin de Grado Grado en Ingeniería Aeroespacial Estudio del avión Mitsubishi A6M Zero y modelado en CATIA V5 Autor: Mario Doblado Agüera Tutores: María Gloria del Río Cidoncha Rafael Ortiz Marín Equation Chapter 1 Section 1 Dpto. de Ingeniería Gráfica Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Universidad de Sevilla Sevilla, 2020 1 Trabajo Fin de Grado Grado en Ingeniería Aeroespacial Estudio del avión Mitsubishi A6M Zero y modelado en CATIA V5 Autor: Mario Doblado Agüera Tutor y publicador: María Gloria del Río Cidoncha Profesor titular Tutor: Rafael Ortiz Marín Profesor colaborador Dpto. de Ingeniería Gráfica Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Universidad de Sevilla Sevilla, 2020 Trabajo Fin de Grado: Estudio del avión Mitsubishi A6M Zero y modelado en CATIA V5 Autor: Mario Doblado Agüera Tutor y publicador: María Gloria del Río Cidoncha Tutor: Rafael Ortiz Marín El tribunal nombrado para juzgar el Proyecto arriba indicado, compuesto por los siguientes miembros: Presidente: Vocales: Secretario: Acuerdan otorgarle la calificación de: Sevilla, 2020 El Secretario del Tribunal Agradecimientos En primer lugar, quiero agradecer a mis padres el esfuerzo constante que han hecho a lo largo de toda mi vida para que yo esté aquí ahora mismo escribiendo este trabajo, con todo lo que ello implica. Me gustaría darle las gracias también a mi hermano, por guiarme en más de una ocasión. Quiero darle las gracias a todos los amigos que han sido un apoyo para mí en estos años de carrera, como Elena, Jesús, Rocío, Ana…y otros compañeros que me dejo en el tintero. Especialmente, quiero agradecerle a Antonio su ayuda constante en muchos aspectos. -
From the Nisshin to the Musashi the Military Career of Admiral Yamamoto Isoroku by Tal Tovy
Asia: Biographies and Personal Stories, Part II From the Nisshin to the Musashi The Military Career of Admiral Yamamoto Isoroku By Tal Tovy Detail from Shugaku Homma’s painting of Yamamoto, 1943. Source: Wikipedia at http://tinyurl.com/nowc5hg. n the morning of December 7, 1941, Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) aircraft set out on one of the most famous operations in military Ohistory: a surprise air attack on the US naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawai`i. The attack was devised and fashioned by Admiral Yamamoto, whose entire military career seems to have been leading to this very moment. Yamamoto was a naval officer who appreciated and under- stood the strategic and technological advantages of naval aviation. This essay will explore Yamamoto’s military career in the context of Imperial Japan’s aggressive expansion into Asia beginning in the 1890s and abruptly ending with Japan’s formal surrender on September 2, 1945, to the US and its Allies. Portrait of Yamamoto just prior to the Russo- Japanese War, 1905. Early Career (1904–1922) Source: World War II Database Yamamoto Isoroku was born in 1884 to a samurai family. Early in life, the boy, thanks to at http://tinyurl.com/q2au6z5. missionaries, was exposed to American and Western culture. In 1901, he passed the Impe- rial Naval Academy entrance exams with the objective of becoming a naval officer. Yamamoto genuinely respected the West—an attitude not shared by his academy peers. The IJN was significantly influenced by the British Royal Navy (RN), but for utilitarian reasons: mastery of technology, strategy, and tactics. -
Feasibility Study GREEN CLIMATE FUND FUNDING PROPOSAL I
Annex II – Feasibility Study GREEN CLIMATE FUND FUNDING PROPOSAL I FEASIBILITY STUDY Addressing Climate Vulnerability In the Water Sector (ACWA) United Nations Development Programme UNDP On behalf of Government of the Republic of the Marshall Islands RMI March 2018 For Submission to the Green Climate Fund EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI) is a small island developing states (SIDS) consisting of 29 coral atolls and 5 single islands. The nation is a large-ocean state, with approximately 1,225 islands and islets with a total land area of only 182 km2, spread across over 2 million km2 of vast ocean space. Most of the 24 inhabited local government jurisdictions (atolls and islands) are remote and lie merely 2 meters above sea level on average, posing various challenges and risks to sustainable development in face of climate change. RMI’s population in 2017 is estimated as 55,5621, most of which is concentrated in urban atolls of Majuro and Kwajalein (Ebeye)2. Context Climate Change: It is predicted, that RMI will face increasing sea level rise, increasing rainfall variability with potential for extended drought periods and increasing storm surges with climate change3, further aggravating RMI’s vulnerability and more specifically sustainable water supply. These climate change impacts are likely to exacerbate the risks of water shortages in RMI, by further challenging the ability of the Marshallese people to have access to safe freshwater resources year-round. Droughts and storm waves are some of the key climate based events that impact RMI. Climate projections show that in the next twenty-five years, rainfall and drought scenarios in RMI will continue and may increase in the short term4. -
Ground-Water Resources of the Laura Area, Majuro Atoll, Marshall Islands
GROUND-WATER RESOURCES OF THE LAURA AREA, MAJURO ATOLL, MARSHALL ISLANDS By Scott N. Hamlin and Stephen S. Anthony U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4047 Prepared in cooperation with the REPUBLIC OF THE MARSHALL ISLANDS Honolulu, Hawaii 1987 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR DONALD PAUL HODEL, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Dallas L. Peck, Director For additional information Copies of this report write to: can be purchased from: District Chief, Hawaii District U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Geological Survey, WRD Books and Open-File Reports Section 300 Ala Moana Blvd., Rm. 6110 Federal Center, Bldg. 41 Honolulu, Hawai 96850 Box 25425 Denver, Colorado 80225 CONTENTS Page Abstract ------------------------------------------------------------ 1 Introduction -------------------------------------------------------- 2 Purpose and scope ---------------------------------------------- 5 Setting -------------------------------------------------------- 5 Previous investigations ---------------------------------------- 6 Acknowledgments ------------------------------------------------ 8 Methods of study ---------------------------------------------------- 8 Surface geophysical survey ------------------------------------- 8 Installation of driven-well network ---------------------------- 8 Test holes and collection of lithologic samples ---------------- 11 Collection of water samples ------------------------------------ 11 Measurements of water levels ----------------------------------- 13 Geohydrologic framework --------------------------------------------- -
Up from Kitty Hawk Chronology
airforcemag.com Up From Kitty Hawk Chronology AIR FORCE Magazine's Aerospace Chronology Up From Kitty Hawk PART ONE PART TWO 1903-1979 1980-present 1 airforcemag.com Up From Kitty Hawk Chronology Up From Kitty Hawk 1903-1919 Wright brothers at Kill Devil Hill, N.C., 1903. Articles noted throughout the chronology provide additional historical information. They are hyperlinked to Air Force Magazine's online archive. 1903 March 23, 1903. First Wright brothers’ airplane patent, based on their 1902 glider, is filed in America. Aug. 8, 1903. The Langley gasoline engine model airplane is successfully launched from a catapult on a houseboat. Dec. 8, 1903. Second and last trial of the Langley airplane, piloted by Charles M. Manly, is wrecked in launching from a houseboat on the Potomac River in Washington, D.C. Dec. 17, 1903. At Kill Devil Hill near Kitty Hawk, N.C., Orville Wright flies for about 12 seconds over a distance of 120 feet, achieving the world’s first manned, powered, sustained, and controlled flight in a heavier-than-air machine. The Wright brothers made four flights that day. On the last, Wilbur Wright flew for 59 seconds over a distance of 852 feet. (Three days earlier, Wilbur Wright had attempted the first powered flight, managing to cover 105 feet in 3.5 seconds, but he could not sustain or control the flight and crashed.) Dawn at Kill Devil Jewel of the Air 1905 Jan. 18, 1905. The Wright brothers open negotiations with the US government to build an airplane for the Army, but nothing comes of this first meeting. -
Ujae, Marshall Islands by Marshall I. Weisler
ATOLL RESEARCH BULLETIN NO. 460 ATOLLS AS SETTLEMENT LANDSCAPES: UJAE, MARSHALL ISLANDS BY MARSHALL I. WEISLER ISSUED BY NATIONAL MUSEIJM OF NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION WASHINGTON, D.C., U.S.A. AUGUST 1999 Q Eny'am'eg Biginnigar MARSHALL ISLANDS M,,#Q Namdb. v"" .X,,h Erlie 0 0 Bikku 9 0 Rua Ujae Atoll 0 Langeba Pacific FIGURE 1. Ujae Atoll and archaeological sites with map of the Marshall Islands showing location of Ujae. Atolls in bold (Utrok, Maloelap and Ebon), situated along the continuum of rainfall from the dy north to the wet south, are part of the Long-term archaeological study of the Marshall Islands. ATOLLS AS SETTLEMENT LANDSCAPES: UJAE, MARSHALL ISLANDS BY MARSHALL I. WEISLER' ABSTRACT Williamson and Sabath (1982) have demonstrated a significant relationship between modern population size and environment by examining atoll area and rainfall in the Marshall Islands. The present work seeks to extend that argument into prehistory by examining the relationship of ancient habitation sites and size of aroid pit agricultural systems to atoll land area and rainfall regime along the 1,500-3,500 mm precipitation gradient in the Marshall Islands. Four atolls were selected for study: Ebon at the wettest extent in the extreme south; Ujae and Maloelap near the center of the archipelago; and Utrc?k at the dry north. The first phase of this long-term archaeological program is reported. During the survey of Ujae Atoll (9" 05' N, 165" 40' E), three habitation sites, an aroid pit agricultural zone, one early historic burial, and seven fish traps, weirs, and enclosures were recorded. -
Cretaceous and Paleogene Manganese-Encrusted Hardgrounds from Central Pacific Guyots
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Department Papers in the Earth and Atmospheric Sciences of 1995 Cretaceous and Paleogene Manganese-Encrusted Hardgrounds from Central Pacific Guyots David K. Watkins University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] Isabella Premoli Silva Università degli Studi di Milano Elisabetta Erba Università degli Studi di Milano, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/geosciencefacpub Part of the Earth Sciences Commons Watkins, David K.; Silva, Isabella Premoli; and Erba, Elisabetta, "Cretaceous and Paleogene Manganese- Encrusted Hardgrounds from Central Pacific Guyots" (1995). Papers in the Earth and Atmospheric Sciences. 221. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/geosciencefacpub/221 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Papers in the Earth and Atmospheric Sciences by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Haggerty, J.A., Premoli Silva, I., Rack, F., and McNutt, M.K. (Eds.), 1995 Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results, Vol. 144 5. CRETACEOUS AND PALEOGENE MANGANESE-ENCRUSTED HARDGROUNDS FROM CENTRAL PACIFIC GUYOTS1 David K. Watkins,2 Isabella Premoli Silva,3 and Elisabetta Erba3 ABSTRACT Manganese-encrusted hardgrounds and associated sediments from four guyots in the western Pacific Ocean were investigated using lithostratigraphic and biostratigraphic examination of thin sections. Biostratigraphic data from manganese-encrusted hard- grounds constrain the age of platform drowning to early middle Eocene for Limalok Guyot, latest Maastrichtian to early Paleocene for Wodejebato Guyot, and middle late Albian for MIT Guyot. -
Table of Contents
Table of contents Published in Poland in 2009 by STRATUS s.c. Po. Box 123, 27-600 Sandomierz 1, Poland Japanese Special Attack ...........................................................................................................5 e-mail:[email protected] for The culture of Kamikaze .......................................................................................................5 Mushroom Model Publications, 36 Ver Road, Redbourn, Kamikaze - the last chance for the Japanese Empire ............................................................7 AL3 7PE, UK. The creators of Japanese Special Attack ...............................................................................7 e-mail: [email protected] © 2009 Mushroom Model Establishment of the Kamikaze suicide units ........................................................................8 Publications. Kamikaze pilot training .......................................................................................................10 http://www.mmpbooks.biz Last moments before a suicide mission ...............................................................................13 All rights reserved. Apart from any fair dealing for the pur- Kamikaze over the Philippines ............................................................................................16 pose of private study, research, The last air combats over the Philippines ............................................................................21 criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Design and Kamikaze -
The State of Coral Reef Ecosystems of the United States
STATUSSTATUS OFOF THETHE CORALCORAL REEFSREEFS ININ THETHE PACIFICPACIFIC FREELYFREELY ASSOCIATEDASSOCIATED STATESSTATES CharlesCharles Birkeland,Birkeland, AhserAhser Edward,Edward, YimnangYimnang Golbuu,Golbuu, JayJay Gutierrez,Gutierrez, NoahNoah Idechong,Idechong, JamesJames Maragos,Maragos, GustavGustav Paulay,Paulay, RobertRobert Richmond,Richmond, AndrewAndrew Tafileichig,Tafileichig, andand NancyNancy VanderVander VeldeVelde From east to west, the Freely Associated States 14o N, the Marshalls have a total dry land area of include the Republic of the Marshall Islands (the only about 181.3 km2. However, when the Exclu Marshalls or the RMI), the Federated States of sive Economic Zone (by statute, from the shoreline Micronesia (FSM), and the Republic of Palau. The to 200 miles offshore) is figured in, the Republic Federated States of Micronesia – Kosrae, Pohnpei, covers 1,942,000 km2 of ocean within the larger Chuuk, and Yap – along with Palau, are known as Micronesia region. There are 11,670 km2 of sea FREELY ASSOCIATED STATES FREELY ASSOCIATED STATES FREELY ASSOCIATED STATES FREELY ASSOCIATED STATES FREELY ASSOCIATED STATES FREELY ASSOCIATED STATES FREELY ASSOCIATED STATES FREELY ASSOCIATED STATES the Caroline Islands, which are among the longest within the lagoons of the atolls. FREELY ASSOCIATED STATES FREELY ASSOCIATED STATES island chains in the world at 2,500 km. Land only makes up less than 0.01% of the area of All of these Micronesian islands were formerly a the Marshall Islands. Most of the country is the part of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands broad open ocean with a seafloor that reaches 4.6 administered by the United States after World War km (15,000 ft). Scattered throughout are nearly a II. -
Emergency Assistance in Support of Food Security Recovery of Drought-Affected Communities
©FAO/Marshall Islands EMERGENCY ASSISTANCE IN SUPPORT OF FOOD SECURITY RECOVERY OF DROUGHT-AFFECTED COMMUNITIES June 2020 SDGs: Countries: Republic of the Marshall Islands Project Code: TCP/MAS/3601 FAO Contribution: USD 245 000 Duration: 1 October 2017 – 31 December 2019 Contact Info: FAO Representation in the Marshall Islands [email protected] EMERGENCY ASSISTANCE IN SUPPORT OF FOOD SECURITY TCP/MAS/3601 RECOVERY OF DROUGHT-AFFECTED COMMUNITIES BACKGROUND The Republic of the Marshall Islands has historically faced numerous challenges with regard to the accessibility of consistent water supplies. In 2015/16, an estimated 21 000 people were affected by severe drought conditions as a result of the El Niño Southern Oscillation. A State of Emergency was declared in March 2016 and support was requested from the World Bank to conduct a Post Disaster Needs Assessment to evaluate the economic effects of the drought, while the Pacific Community was asked to assess key sectors, including agriculture, water and health. The monetary value of the effects of the drought, in early 2016, was estimated at USD 4.9 million. Although this was ©Joel Bujen equivalent to only 3.4 percent of the 2015 gross domestic Implementing Partner product for the country as a whole, the consequences of the drought on agricultural production were critical, Ministry of Natural Resources and Commerce. as the agriculture sector is of primary importance to Beneficiaries self-employed communities in outer islands, where the Community leaders, men, women and youth in atolls cultivation and processing of copra, and the sale of fish, affected by drought. bananas, pumpkins and handicrafts are the main sources of cash income. -
Submerged Cultural and Historic Resources of Maloelap Atoll, Marshall Islands
MICRONESIAN JOURNAL OF THE HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES Vol. 5, nº 1/2 Combined Issue November 2006 SUBMERGED CULTURAL AND HISTORIC RESOURCES OF MALOELAP ATOLL, MARSHALL ISLANDS Matthew B. Holly Marshall Islands Aquatics This paper provides a summary of the results of a long-term survey (1998–2005) aimed identifying and evaluating the significance of all known cultural and historical underwater resources of Maloelap Atoll. The survey was non-intrusive, meaning there was no collection or disturbance of any of the artifacts or site deposits. The survey was conducted to provide the community and the members of the Marshall Islands Government with accurate and up to date information on their various underwater resources. The information would then be used to protect these sites, primarily, and obvi- ously, for the growing Marshall Islands tourism industry. The Marshall Islands are located in the Central The wind typically comes from the east to Pacific, approximately 2,500 miles from northeast, the average daily temperature is 85 Hawaii, New Zealand, Australia, Guam and Ja- degrees Fahrenheit, and with a very humid cli- pan. Aligned in two parallel chains, the eastern mate and frequent rains. Housing is typically Ralik chain and the western Ratak chain, the 29 island style, with few concrete buildings other atolls and five islands of the Marshall Islands than those built by the Japanese military stretch between 4 and 15 degrees north of the 60years ago. The current population is esti- equator, and at 160 and 173 degrees east lati- mated at nearly 1,200, the majority of which tude covering over one million square miles of live on the five islands of Kaven, Tjan, Ollet, ocean.