10-Year Strategy 2020 – 2030 We acknowledge the Traditional Owners of the land on which 2020 Strategy 10-Year our research infrastructure and community operate across the Australian continent, and pay our respects to Elders past and present. We recognise the connection they have with land, sea, sky and waterways for tens of thousands of years. – 2030

Authors: Tim Rawling, AuScope; Australian geoscience community Editors: AuScope Board of Directors Producer & Editor: Jo Condon, AuScope Designer: Luke Carson, Design By Bird

A false-coloured satellite image of an

ephemeral lake known as Lake Carnegie Published: August 2020 on Martu country in Western Australia.

AuScope is enabled by the Australian Government via the National Collaborative Research Infrastructure Strategy (NCRIS), a program managed by the Department of Education, Skills and Employment (DESE).

Image — US Geological Survey

i Contents Acknowledgements

We would like to acknowledge over 150 people representing the iii Acknowledgements Australian geoscience community for contributing specialist and diverse knowledge to this 10-Year Strategy (Strategy) and the iv Foreword accompanying 5-Year Investment Plan (Investment Plan) during 1 Vision, Mission & Goals workshops, working groups and discussions between 2018 – 2020. 3 Challenge Working Groups First, we would like to acknowledge the efforts of working group leaders including 5 Context Dr Stephan Thiel, Dr Karol Czarnota, Dr Rebecca Farrington and Prof Anthony Dosseto. Additionally, we would like to thank working group members including Dr Matthias 7 Opportunity Leopold, Prof Jason Beringer, Dr James Cleverly, Prof Wayne Meyer, Dr Talitha Santini, A/Prof Sally Thompson, Dr Robyn Schofield, Roy Anderson, A/Prof Leanne Armand, 11 Impact Dr Jim Austin, Dr Graeme Beardsmore, Nicholas Brown, Prof David Chittleborough, Marina Costelloe, Dr David Etheridge, Prof Graham Heinson, Prof Penelope King, 13 Data Prof Matt King, Dr Ken Lawrie, A/Prof Steven Micklethwaite, A/Prof Meghan Miller, Dr Anthony Reid, Dr Nathan Reid, Prof Andrew Roberts, Dr Kate Robertson, 15 Community Dr Michelle Salmon, Dr Kate Selway, Dr Jessica Stromberg, Prof Paul Tregoning, Dr Lesley Wyborn, Dr Alexei Gorbatov, Jingming Duan, Dr Nicholas Jones, 17 Culture Dr Ludovic Ricard, A/Prof Tom Raimondo, A/Prof Joanne Whitaker, Dr Derrick Hasterok, Dr Olivier Alard, Prof Vickie Bennett, Dr Antony Burnham, Dr Alexandru T. Codilean, Prof Leonid Danyushevsky, Dr Stewart Fallon, Dr Juraj Farkas, Prof Steven 19 Collaboration Foley, Dr Zoe Loh, Dr Erin Matchan, Dr Anaïs Pagès, Prof David Phillips, Prof Klaus Regenauer-Lieb, Dr Kok Piang Tan, Dr Geoff Fraser, A/Prof Oliver Nebel, Dr Laurent 25 Glossary Ailleres, Dr Evgeniy Bastrakov, Prof Juan Carlos Afonso, A/Prof Rhodri Davies, Dr Ben Evans, Dr Rebecca Farrington, Julian Giordani, Dr Lachlan Grose, Dr David Lescinsky, Dr Ben Mather, Dr Yuan Mei, Dr Beñat Oliveira Bravo, Prof Anya Reading, Neil Symington, Dr Sara Morón and Dr Martin Andersen.

Extended Community We would also like to thank many other national geoscience community members who have contributed to discussions during workshops and other events in this time.

ii AuScope 10-Year Strategy 2020 – 2030 Contents & Acknowledgements iii v

Foreword https://bit.ly/3dl1K0r Robert Lang Robert — Photographer Dr Kate Robinson from the Geological the Robinson from Dr Kate Survey AuScope with enabled South Australia of marine magnetotelluric imaging instruments on board These 2019. in instruments Saltthe Water scientific team and international an allowed Kate image seafloor the to Spencer the in Gulf and fill geology Australia’s South about gap knowledge a onshore. prospectivity mineral and more — Learn

behalf on

this Strategy

10-Year Strategy 10-Year 2020 – 2030

AuScope 20 April 2020 April 20 present the and team AuScope the of geoscience community. national It is my great pleasure to to pleasure great my is It define our role in enabling them to advance the Australian geosciencedefine advance enabling in Australian the our them role to sector research needs. national according to very These that process. documents productive culminate also increasingly an playing but are we provider, AuScope is infrastructure a research important science in role leadership our collaboration within research and facilitating geoscience international with infrastructures, links formal developing From sector. standards developing to Observing Plate such as European the System (EPOS), with Geoscience and including organisations NCI, ARDC and NCRIS other Australia our community has hasour role significantly Strategy, this developing In evolved. endorsed role, look this and coming we the decade. pursuing forward it over to build Downward the to outlines AuScope approach the take Strategy that will This system identified a critical infrastructure National the in (DLT), Telescope Looking Decadal Science’s of Academy National the Roadmap, Plan Infrastructure Research Geoscience geosciencefor Australian Australian and the most by research importantly, also It and outlines collaboration needs critical the data,community. culture surrounding enable to positively act will impactful as ‘glue’ the that geoscience. DLT the academic, change will way the and industry government When delivered, DLT the geoscientists and be it is Australia, inspiring in part work to that! of In 2018, AuScope’s Board of Directors initiated a process to develop this Strategy and and process a Strategy 2018, this In develop Directors Board initiated of AuScope’s to a process Plan, through accompanyingthe deep Investment of engagement our with community academia, in and industry. government engagementThat understand has allowed us to needs research their better and to the AuScopethe Board Directors of Dr Chris Pigram Dr Chris Director on behalf & Chair of

Foreword iv 2

Enhance AuScope’s capability to enable capability enable to AuScope’s Enhance via the geosciencenational innovation (DLT). Telescope Looking Downward geoscience predictive for capacity Develop and data principles data global applying by bestmanagement practice. across community a connected Foster science industry, academia, government, and society. and inclusive Foster a diverse, innovative innovation. purposeful on centred culture, knowledge and enable an Exchange Indigenous both for future inclusive Australians. and non-Indigenous understand better and locate to Help and energy minerals, Australia’s services. groundwater capability research global a Develop geoscience. for

Vision, Mission & Goals Vision, & Mission — — — — — — —

7 6 3 4 5 1 2 & Goals

https://bit.ly/3h4FbiQ An AuScopeAn enabled telescope radio in enable help to that one three of Yarragadee, high precisionAustralia’s positioning capability is led now Geosciencethat by Australia. more — Learn

10-Year Strategy 10-Year 2020 – 2030

AuScope Our vision is to help enable a a enable help to is vision Our nation and resilient sustainable geoscience. predictive through an build to is mission Our integrated and collaborative research platform that services, and theoretical and facilitates research. geoscientific applied

Vision, Mission 1 4

Affordable & CleanEnergy Affordable Industry, Innovation & Infrastructure & Innovation Industry, on Land Life SDG #7 — #7 SDG #9 — SDG #15SDG —

Future Earth — https://bit.ly/2Mfq3lk Future Humanity is at a critical stage in the transition transition the in stage a critical at is Humanity society. and planet sustainable a more to will decade next the in actions Our forward. path collective determine our

Challenge Climate Action SDG #13SDG — Clean Water & Sanitation Clean Water & EconomicDecent Growth Work SDG #6 — #6 SDG — #8 SDG sdgtransformingaustralia.com

AuScope-Focussed Sustainable Sustainable AuScope-Focussed (SDG’s) Goals Development How is Australia tracking? The National Sustainable Development Development Sustainable National The tracking? Australia is How Council independent, an provides and transparent authoritative SDG’s. the progressassessment towards Australia’s of more — Learn

. The need to audit Australia’s groundwater groundwater need. The audit Australia’s to 1 https://bit.ly/3dmHmft https://bit.ly/2NfczXg — those including copper, cobalt and lithium that are essential are for cobalt that — those and lithium including copper, 2 10-Year Strategy 10-Year 2020 – 2030

Geoscience (2020): Australia Australian Bureau of Statistics (2017): the development of electric developmentthe of vehicles, energy and storage power transmission remote from ensure energyrenewable is critical sites. to Australians AuScope all Thus, in by investment prosperity adequate resources our collective for future have we and sustainability. that 2. AuScope 1. Pressing climate, environmental and issues, social together with critical economic drivers see demands will unprecedented geoscience placed on Australia’s andcommunity, on the research infrastructure that supports endeavour. their resource, extract geothermal products waste resources subsurface the and in store will sophisticated crust shallow the characterisation of require and its dynamic stress state. Our community see will a heightened need difficult new more discoveries mineral for in environments, nascent development of cleanexploration energy and geological waste demand carbon a low great to economy create will technologies.storage Transitioning criticalfor minerals Humanity’s on Earth a number geological is ability thrive primarily due of to to services such granted for us. Earththe to take provides we These that things include many pore space crustal and storage even as and mineral energy resources, groundwater, these of services Many stability. susceptible increasingly and are interact complexly anthropogenic activities.to Viewing services the crust the of terms in for it provides, us gives a new narrative sciences. environmental the for services ecological have that way the in geoscience focusesIt on emerging the need attention crust define to can just much how Earth’s choices future concerned, informs thereby provide and provisioning with example, for a secure and sustainable energy supply. securityFood, and environmental water issues become will as Australians urgent more place demands more on these geological services crust, shallow the by provided and changesparticularly and environmental and accelerating of climate context the in 2066 by doubling potentially population the

Challenge 3 6

in industryin Researchers is to leadis to geoscience the community across academia, and government with together collaborate, industry to science environmental and geospatial communities challenges. on national AuScope’s unique secondaryAuScope’s role

users

Industry at CSIRO Researchers in government public General users AuScope’s unique primary role primary unique AuScope’s amongst government these key to is agencies geoscience funded access with researchers provide infrastructure. research national to Policy Researchers at Geological Surveys the State and Territory Geoscience Australia & Australia Geoscience Translating research (communications andTranslating data products)

Context and applied research questions in geoscience in questions research applied and AuScope Capability — instruments, services, data and and data services, — instruments, Capability AuScope analytics that enable researchers to address fundamental fundamental address to researchers enable that analytics AuScope Research Infrastructure — instruments, services data and analytics to helpto address national challenges and fundamental questions in geoscience in academiain Researchers AuScope, CSIRO, Geoscience Geoscience CSIRO, AuScope, and State and Territory Australia Geological find Surveys purpose in addressing decadal Australia’s geoscience challenges. Australian Geoscience Research Ecosystem

2 (2018), , (2019). 3 8

, the National 6 and its Response Government 2016 the to 1 https://bit.ly/3dqLevU https://bit.ly/3do8vzw https://bit.ly/2NgHwu3 (2017), Australia’s Critical Mineral (2019) Strategy Australia’s (2017), 5 https://bit.ly/3dqDjPW (2019), and the Australian Civil Space – 2028 2019 Civil Strategy and Australian the (2019), 7 10-Year Strategy 10-Year 2020 – 2030

(2019) which offers a visionand opportunities (2019) 2030guideto to stakeholders as they 4 Food sustainability and water mineralAustralia’s resources future future energy Australia’s Geohazards

Australian Government (2016): Government Australian (2016): Government Australian Australian Academy of Science (2018): Australian Academy of Science (2019): https://bit.ly/3aRYBG1 Uncover Australia (2017): https://bit.ly/2YkwwlK (2019): Government Australian https://bit.ly/3hSra95 (2019): Government Australian Australian Space Agency (2019): https://bit.ly/3eCR9yX

(2018), which inform the National Collaborative Research Infrastructure Strategy (NCRIS), (NCRIS), Strategy Infrastructure Research Collaborative National the which inform (2018), single funding as one 23 stream AuScope’s projects of NCRIS servicing medical, energy scienceand environmental fields. Decadal the AuScope with Geoscience directly aligns Secondly, Australian for Plan AuScope 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. identify and implement specific actions they must take to build the strongest (diverse) identify and implement specific build strongest the to (diverse) actions must they take workforce possible prosperity. support to STEM Australia’s for Roadmap AuScope AMIRA recognises the with threads International strategic Finally, Cover Under Exploration This Strategy aligns with other industry and government, key scientific community strategies. Resources Statement Resources which states that over the next the decade over mustwhich states that a new understanding develop Australia of, challenges it outlines overarching the Further, approaches sustainability. to, and innovative geosciencefor predict our how planet behave, accurately including its will response to to anthropogenic actions, locate reserves and to critical resources of rock. under cover geoscience national planThis identifies challenges: key four — — — — Firstly, AuScope aligns directly and fully with the Australian Government’s 2016 National National 2016 Government’s AuScope and Australian fully the with directly aligns Firstly, (NRIR) Roadmap Infrastructure Research National Research Infrastructure Roadmap Research Infrastructure Investment Plan Investment Infrastructure Research Roadmap Infrastructure Research National Already, AuScope partners Already, including Geoscience and CSIRO and Territory Australia, State Geological geoscience excellent Surveys provide datasets, industry and government focused and analytics infrastructures help order address in to these challenges. However, to provide the research infrastructure system necessary infrastructure research the provide to enable addressing to research geoscience national the challenges, Decadal the Geoscience both Australian for Plan AuScope’s development call the of for NRIR Australia’s Scientist of and Chief the bridge gap between to the industry and research-oriented capabilities.DLT Decadal STEM In Women Science’s of Academy AuScope Australian the with aligns Thirdly, Plan

Context 5 & Collaborat ure ion ult C y, it n u m m o C

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t S Opportunity AuScope’s Downward Looking Telescope Goal 1 — Enhance AuScope’s capability to enable national geoscience Strategy, Community, Culture & Collaboration innovation via the Downward Earth’s Digital Twin Looking Telescope (DLT) — Analysis Framework

An integrated and augmented Data Framework capability, like a telescope that will allow researchers to ‘see’ into Earth rather than out into space Characterisation Lens using ‘lenses’. Researchers can Observational Lens then capture, focus and analyse Temporal Lens observational data.

Ultimately, researchers will be able to create a ‘digital twin’ of Earth, and understand how DLT Components Temporal Lens — Will allow researchers to Earth’s Digital Twin — analyse the Earth’s evolution through time A concept to describe the digital Earth representation the Australian continent might culminating DLT Components that enables predictive Observational Lens — Will allow researchers Australian geoscience for the common good to observe changes in the structure of the Earth service our growing minerals, Strategy, Community, Culture & Collaboration — Characterisation Lens — Will allow researchers The strategic framework surrounding the DLT that to classify rocks based on their properties water, energy and space needs will allow researchers to lead an agile strategy to Analysis Framework — Will allow researchers addressing national geoscience challenges in the decades ahead. to model different geological processes Data Framework — Will allow researchers to access and use diverse standardised data

7 AuScope 10-Year Strategy 2020 – 2030 Opportunity 8 10

Characterisation Lens Lens Characterisation Data Framework Analytical Framework at both creation and capture, adhering to (or developing) community developing) best practice; (or adhering and to capture, creation both at Modelling Earthand Inverse researchers transform capabilities provided data allow to that Specific software simulation sensors facilitate tools Digital the will Twin. into DLT the by and modelling geological of data, geodynamics, processes, Earth interior groundwater, thermochronology and data isostatic processes. Data assimilation workflows support to geoscience AuScopepredictive Virtual existing the be Environment will Research built into infrastructure. (AVRE) This lens This researchers allows characterise accessible the to crust analysing by sample materials, or via borehole-based measurements, and imaging sampling. Field deployable and laboratory-based analytical enable tools will detect essential them to propertiespetrophysical necessary are that rock in subsurface of inference accurate for and Earth mechanistic processes. insights into architecture characterisation The lens will Deep borehole access will finest the provide field resolution of collected data DLT. the by and generate kilometres) three than (greater depths from truthing ground rare provide Initiative, Drilling National MinEx the CRC with opportunitiescollaborative nationally, both Program. Drilling Continental International the with and internationally Lenses so that organise DLT and from focus data all capture, will DataThe Framework researchers can analyse Analytical the it in Data Framework. collection be: will i) held automated standard; ii) Findable, the to Accessible, and Reusable Interoperable (FAIR) data-intensive facilitate to delivered open communityiii) to repositories; data and iv) usingresearch advanced analytical methods. Earth the of builds substantially on AuScope the Digital Twin FAIR this of creation The Earth Model developed first the in AuScope facilitate and generation will of investments capability geoscience, Australian an development predictive in of asrecommended in Science of Academy Decadal Australian the Earth for Plan Science. capacity Forward predictive This of a suite development the of be will through provided Opportunity

10-Year Strategy 10-Year 2020 – 2030

AuScope Observational Lens Lens Observational — Continued 1 Goal DLT Components DLT Lens Temporal Deployable arrays of geophysical of Deployable and geospatial arrays observational instruments and term long continental-scale provide Geo-SuperSites will instrumented permanently capability. deployment rapid geophysical high-resolution a and imaging monitoring, Geo-SuperSites the deployments at and image long array and Australia monitor term balance national-, scale at continental quantification groundwater for and of allow basin- and sub-basin scales. geological the also will provide Super-sites The monitoring Observatorycomponent Zone Critical a new national to network, collaboration the with in Network Research Ecosystem (TERN). Terrestrial observation a mechanism also national will This provide syncing for and infrastructure deployments Australia. in (IOT) spacecalibrating assets drones with and Internet-of-things instrument fleetsAgile a means higher rapid resolution provide of infill will studies designed better betweento constrain links the deep the earth, surface the and atmosphere. the Multi-sensor opportunities new research provide will drones and autonomous rovers in difficult to example, access, are that areas (for to reactgeohazards theand ability rapidly to resolution high time-lapse and provide landslips deliver and to monitoring earthquakes) detection. change precision high The temporalThe lens is analytical an network analysis facilitates that infrastructure of the Earth’s evolution through time, on varying through scales evolution processes. different for Earth’s the of specialist, of a suite provide will AuScopeThe Network Laboratory (AusLab) Infrastructure primarily laboratory-based, geochemistry and geochronology analytical facilities. AusLab inner and composition the analysis Earth’s capabilities provide of will investigating for spheres,outer as as well ability the characterise geological, age the to of environmental and climatic events from the Archean to present day. This will substantially build on build on substantially will This present day. to Archean the from events and climatic laboratoryexisting capacity AuScope the in Earth program Composition and Evolution analytical of suite capability provide tools that integrated an across and provide will geochemical of areas all and geochronological science.

Opportunity 9 12

Impact Engaging Australia’s future geoscientists future Australia’s Engaging Looking deep into Earth’s crust to help find Australia’s critical minerals critical Australia’s find help to crust Earth’s into deep Looking minerals critical Australia’s find help to library a mineralogical Building sedimentary uses enable sustainable basins to Australia’s Modelling data and community laboratories, geochronology Australia’s Connecting Underpinning positioning Australia’s capability The projectThe deployed quality research seismometers 45 in secondary schools in many across country, the students areas.regional become many doing geoscience, In in so, only not have interested but new valuable seismic has data been network monitoring national collected the researchers use. for and to into delivered outcomes research has driven program This and inspired next the scientists, generation of and, as a result, decades impact an many for come. have to to is likely this While Australia has numerous outstanding Australia While geochronology facilities, research a common lack the of data and workflowinfrastructure ability the limited researchers compile for and produced to compare data across AuScopethe geochronologycommunitywith a national to develop worked these laboratories efficiently. network establish to standards, delivery data workflows mechanism. and a FAIR These tools only not Geoscience is widely not schools finding and in taught universities are it challenging increasingly Australia in science and environmental instead. students, attract climate AuScope in first-year to enroll worked as they Seismometers University program. Australian the National Schools develop in to Australian the with (AuSIS) Australia lacked the infrastructure capacity infrastructure the support lacked to Australia location precision-related growing rapidly science. Baseline Long Very in invest to Geoscience with AuScope worked and University the Tasmania Australia of station coverage. ground Interferometry telescopes System (GNSS) Global Satellite and national Navigation a platform provided massive for sensitive industries investment growth This spatially in and the allowed for datum. a dynamicdevelopment national of buried mineralised sequences rock are beneath rocks cover mask location that the Australia’s Over 65% of of prosperity future depositsmineral researchers with the Auscope at and worked security. our nation’s critical to Geological SurveysUniversity and Geoscience Adelaide, and a national Territory of develop State to Australia the developmentdataset the This of in resulted geophysicalmagnetotellurics program, imaging AusLAMP. first electrical conductivity modela much leading better continent the to of understanding geological the of and turn, location the in critical deposits. mineral of architecture capacity the spend explorers Earth mineral the holes dollars but of have millions drilling not did Australian into and preserve record theseto very the of holes all information valuable CSIRO with AuScope provide. worked core drill for tool logging mineral semiquantitative semi-autonomous, a instrument, HyLogger the develop to Geological These tools, data Survey. and related the and Territory State is deployed each in that Australian and analytics a mechanism provide and storing preserving for infrastructure, these datasets, valuable which new approaches exploration. mineral stimulating to community, research the typically to were unavailable Sedimentary and basins geological complex energy, are sources water valuable incredibly of are systems that often are but poorly they and understood. modelling simulation code into development, AuScope investment such as Underworld, these how and of eScript, GPlates allowed detailed tools provided that investigation basinsform. Program) Basin the development The of Genesis ITRH ARC the project Hub (funded by basins and predict location the Australia’s of some simulation the these allow of tools to integrated contain. systems resource various the they of and their deliver store laboratories to all for a way but data provide discovery the available facilitate of data for publication and collaboration. and publication for data

reviewed AuScope’s impact, AuScope’s reviewed reporting 1 NCRIS enabledNCRIS software GPlates enables scientists piecing history, Earth’s scientists replay to and citizen together its volcanic, and histories living tectonic to better predict future. the in movements more — www.auscope.org.au/samLearn https://bit.ly/37QckeF

10-Year Strategy 10-Year 2020 – 2030

Lateral Economics (2016): Economics Lateral 1. Image — EarthByte AuScope After thirteen years of operation, operation, of years thirteen After AuScope hasmade significant economy, impacts on Australia’s beyond society and environment its direct contribution to research. address to poised now are We decade. this of challenges significant economic benefits resources, across shipping and aviation natural agriculture, industries, as as monitoring: AuScope well urban development and offers environmental a net benefit $3.7 of billion, $15 benefit which is equivalent to of for every $1 economic in on and investment, consistent economic other with a substantial return assessmentscost— and States. United the Australia in initiatives, similar of Back in 2006, AuScope set out to build an integrated research infrastructure system — Back system — 2006, in infrastructure research AuScope build set integrated an out to but designed needs the for researchers time. the of community The at DLT the much like geospatial and geophysics geodesy, for instruments fleets observational of developed science, borehole access subsurface, the to geochronology laboratories for and petrophysics, delivery data and modelling and simulation codes. pathways, Economics study a Lateral Over a decade later,

Impact 11 Data Goal 2 — Develop capacity for predictive geoscience by applying global data principles and data management best practice.

Context Computational geoscience problems utilising HPC tend to be diverse, complex and ever- changing. Geoscience ranges in scales from the atomic to planetary and from nanoseconds to billions of years. Geoscience data is also highly variable and often bespoke, ranging in size from a few cells in a spreadsheet to multi-terabyte 4D seismic surveys.

Field-based observational data and other persistent time series data sources, such as geostationary hyperspectral payloads on drones or satellites, create discipline specific data processing and analytics challenges but also immense opportunities for integrative data driven research.

Image — The University of Melbourne For the first time, these rich and FAIR datasets will be interrogable by artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) techniques. Together with high performance computing Dr Erin Matchan is a Data Science Coordinator in the (HPC) through organisations such as the National Computational Infrastructure (NCI), the AuScope Geochemistry Network (AGN) team and also Australian Research Data Commons, and Pawsey, as well as universities, industry clusters manages the Ar-Ar Geochronology Laboratory at The and now cloud based HPC from AARNet, Amazon and others, researchers will be well University of Melbourne. placed to realise predictive geoscience.

Learn more — www.auscope.org.au/ece Implementation 1. AuScope will ensure that all data collected or created by AuScope projects will be freely available and conform to FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable) data principles.

2. AuScope will develop a data assimilation environment to allow ingestion of geoscience “Bringing together our nation’s diverse, data for constraint of a priori simulation models and modelling or simulation runs. valuable and hard-earned geoscience 3. AuScope will, where relevant, utilise workflows that assign persistent identifiers and data, in a way that aligns with FAIR preserve full resolution datasets. data principles, requires strong national leadership. From this, we then have an essential foundation for the exciting delivery of new models and perspectives of our continent.”

Dr Steve Hill Chief Scientist Geoscience Australia

13 AuScope 10-Year Strategy 2020 – 2030 Data 14 Community Goal 3 — Foster a connected community across academia, government, industry, science and society.

Context AuScope is a unique ‘connector’ within the geoscience community, interacting across academia, government and industry, both locally and abroad, to enable collaboration second to infrastructure. While individual agencies and institutions may focus on internal innovation, AuScope works to ensure that knowledge and resources can be shared widely. We are privileged to work as a trusted broker of information and to connect and help lead this community towards innovation through collaboration.

Given AuScope’s funding security provided by the Australian Government in 2018 in the National Innovation and Science Agenda (NISA), we are beginning to collaborate more widely and to grow our network to include a variety of new research partners.

Implementation Image — AuScope 1. AuScope will foster inclusive discussion within the community about priorities, collaboration and investment planning.

2. AuScope will expand our team strategically within the available funding framework.

3. AuScope will collaborate with other NCRIS organisations to promote integrated cross-disciplinary research infrastructures.

4. AuScope will seek to better serve its future and citizen scientist community through development of outreach programs that span the full breath of supported geoscience.

Capacity development is essential for the sustainable research infrastructure development. AuScope’s DLT will provide a focal point for our technical and academic staff and collaborators, and facilitate development of the next generation of digital tools for Australia’s geoscientists.

Dr Rebecca Farrington Coordinator, AuScope SAM Program based at The University of Melbourne

15 AuScope 10-Year Strategy 2020 – 2030 Community 16 Culture Goal 4 — Foster a diverse, innovative, and inclusive culture, centred on purposeful innovation.

Context We believe that it is important to position AuScope as a progressive organisation that is focussed on enabling purposeful research innovation for people and the environment.

With this focus, geoscience sub-disciplines like ‘geo health’ which join earth, environmental and health sciences come to the fore. This growing interdisciplinary field demands new holistic thinking from our community, as do our traditional disciplines and intersections.

Complex challenges require multidisciplinary responses, whereby we incorporate diverse voices and knowledge at every step of the infrastructure development process. We must lead with empathy and design a user-centred, robust and adaptable capability that can both enable research, and expedite it on an impact pathway.

Implementation 1. AuScope will cultivate a diverse and inclusive workforce by building diversity benchmarks into funding agreements. We will also provide opportunities for AuScope community to lead diversity, inclusivity and social engagement initiatives across our workplaces and deeper into society.

2. AuScope will enable science by leveraging innovative, cross-domain expertise in design and humanities and will draw on systems design and human-centered design methodologies to address strategy, operations, products and service challenges.

3. AuScope will develop infrastructure projects that support research directly or indirectly aligned with the UN Sustainable Development Goals.

4. AuScope will ensure a safe working environment for our Programs staff.

Image — Jo Condon

A/Prof Meghan Miller joined the AuScope leadership team in 2018 as Project Leader of the Earth Imaging Program. Based at the Australian National University, “Diversity drives innovation, so it is great to see that Meghan pursues observational seismology research, AuScope has a commitment to construct a diverse teaches earth science to university and school and inclusive environment. As an infrastructure user students and actively promotes diversity in in the AuScope community, I am looking forward to science through a number of initiatives. actively fostering this culture for richer outputs.”

Dr Sara Morón Research Fellow, Basin Genesis Hub, The University of Sydney and the The University of Melbourne

17 AuScope 10-Year Strategy 2020 – 2030 Culture 18 Collaboration Working with, and for Goal 5 — Aboriginal and Torres Exchange knowledge and enable Strait Islander people an inclusive and sustainable future for both Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians.

Context

AuScope has engaged extensively with many Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (Indigenous) communities in our Earth Imaging1 and Australian Seismometers in Schools2 programs over the last decade. Our laboratory instruments have enabled researchers to create new knowledge about the geological timing of historical volcanic, asteroid impact and tsunami events that relate to early Indigenous settlements (i.e. at Budj Bim3). However, we recognise that Australian geoscience has been built on western ideas and practices, and that we have a long journey ahead to support Indigenous people to ‘achieve equity, recognition and self-determination in Australian science4’, namely geoscience.

We will continue to engage respectfully with Indigenous people across the lands and seas within our research infrastructure programs, and work together to develop opportunities to support positive outcomes for Indigenous people across the continent and islands beyond.

Implementation 1. AuScope will always seek to collaborate with Indigenous leaders and community before, during and after our research infrastructure activities and will be guided by the Our Knowledge Our Way Guidelines5.

2. AuScope will provide appropriate funding support for mutually beneficial

Image — Dr Bruce Goleby collaborations between researchers and Indigenous people across our programs. 3. AuScope will support the development of novel research programs that integrate Indigenous and western geoscience data and knowledge in the DLT. Cindy Watson from Oak Valley assisting Pip Mawby from the University of Adelaide with AuScope 4. AuScope will develop education and employment opportunities for emerging enabled magnetotelluric instrument installation Indigenous geoscientists and other professionals in Australian geoscience. on Maralinga Tjarutja Lands, South Australia. 5. AuScope will actively seek to engage Indigenous owned and led services for Learn more — https://bit.ly/31c53Vc strategic, administrative and operational projects, where required and possible.

6. AuScope will build capacity within the Australian geoscience community to support Indigenous equity, recognition and self-determination in Australian geoscience.

1. AuScope Earth Imaging Program: https://bit.ly/3hhMgww 2. AuScope supported Australian Seismometers in Schools Program: https://bit.ly/32BKBhs 3. AuScope enabled Budj Bim research: https://bit.ly/3hi8MFD 4. Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics and Reconciliation: https://bit.ly/3fNsxV6 5. Our Knowledge Our Way Guidelines: https://bit.ly/2XzXQfh

19 AuScope 10-Year Strategy 2020 – 2030 Collaboration 20 Collaboration Working with Goal 6 — Industry Scientists Help to locate and better understand Australia’s minerals, energy and groundwater services.

Context We must develop a national groundwater resource inventory and discover minerals to build tomorrow’s low emission vehicles and energy systems, and manage the minerals, energy and water resources in geological basins carefully to ensure adequate reserves to meet future demand. These actions require significant research infrastructure support.

Discovering new mineral deposits and systems under thick cover rock sequences that extend over 80% of the Australian continent1 represents one of the most significant opportunities for our nation. The challenge of exploring in these regions is logistically challenging and requires investment in both research and supporting infrastructure. In particular, as described in the Decadal Plan for Earth Science2, we must develop a predictive geoscience capacity in order to have a significant impact in this space.

AuScope’s close relationships with Geoscience Australia and all of the state government geological organisations, CSIRO, Uncover Australia and the MinEx CRC provide strong links to industry partners. We will grow and formalise these links with industry over the coming decade to ensure that future AuScope investments support the rapidly changing research needs of this critical sector.

Implementation

For the benefit of all Australians and the Australian environment, AuScope will: 1. Build the DLT to establish a predictive geoscience capacity in Australia.

2. Partner and collaborate with existing and new industry focussed research Image — Dimitri Houtteman initiatives to provide infrastructure critical to their research programs.

Australia is a world leader in the exploration, 3. Utilise or form advisory panels that include industry members to advise on extraction, production and processing of critical the significance of existing and new programs to industry-relevant research. minerals — those needed to grow emerging renewable 4. Prioritise new projects that support research relevant to the discovery of energy, aerospace, defense, automotive (particularly “critical minerals” and other strategic resources, including groundwater and electric vehicles), telecommunications and agri-tech sustainable energy resources. sectors for global trade. 5. Work with government and academic partners to create industry-relevant Learn more — https://bit.ly/36OWtwm national data assets that are open and delivered according to FAIR Principles3.

1. Geoscience Australia (2020): https://bit.ly/2V7Lw4z 2. Australian Academy of Science (2018): https://bit.ly/3dqLevU 3. Australian Research Data Commons (2020): https://bit.ly/2Yk8nMi

21 AuScope 10-Year Strategy 2020 – 2030 Collaboration 22 Collaboration Working with Scientists Abroad Goal 7 — Develop a global research capability for geoscience.

Context

AuScope has a number of research infrastructure peers around the world, many of which are already aligned with AuScope, for example the European Plate Observing System (EPOS). However, there is currently no Global Research Infrastructure (GRI) for geoscience, and therefore, an enormous opportunity exists to align our global community to develop strategies to enable GRI deployments and standards.

Implementation 1. AuScope will take a leading role in developing international geoscience collaboration.

2. AuScope will develop a formal collaborative relationship with EPOS — the most closely aligned international research infrastructure currently.

3. AuScope will pursue the development of a broader international network of research infrastructures including Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS), Earth Science Information Partners (ESIP), Earth Cube, Environmental Research Image — GEO Week 2019 Infrastructures (ENVRI) and UNAVCO.

4. AuScope will help to develop a GRI for the solid earth. Combining ideas on Earth systems modelling for good: panellists at GEO Week 2019 discuss combining different types of earth modelling to help tackle the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals including: Dr Rebecca Farrington (left) and Dr Sara Morón (centre) representing AuScope.

Learn more — https://bit.ly/37NLTXa

The collaboration between EPOS and AuScope will support the development of global geoscience data that meets FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Re-usable) principles by sharing solutions and adopting effective FAIR data management practices. This represents a ground-breaking step toward e-science innovation.

Dr Massimo Cocco CEO, European Plate Observing System (EPOS)

23 AuScope 10-Year Strategy 2020 – 2030 Collaboration 24

NAME DESCRIPTION Glossary DLT Downward Looking Telescope

Dr Doctor

NAME DESCRIPTION Drones An aircraft that does not have a pilot but is controlled by someone on the ground, also know as Remotely 3D Three Dimensions or Three-Dimensional Piloted Aircraft Systems (RPAS), Unmanned Aerial System (UAS), and Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV)

4D Four Dimensions or Four-Dimensional EarthCube US based geoscience cyberinfrastructure

A/Prof Associate Professor EPOS European Plate Observing System, an international equivalent to AuScope for the European Plate

Accessible Crust The portion of the Earth's crust that is accessible to humanity through drilling or tunneling Field-Deployable An instrument that can be used outside of laboratories

AEM Airborne elecromagnetic survey GA Geoscience Australia

AI/ML Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the theory and development of computer systems able to perform tasks normally Geochemistry Earth science discipline relating to the chemistry of rocks requiring human intelligence, such as visual perception, speech recognition, decision-making, and translation between languages. Machine Learning (ML) is the study of computer algorithms that improve automatically Geohazards Hazards to humanity and society presented by natural earth processes, such as earthquakes, landslides through experience. Both AI and ML allow researchers and data analysts to rapidly analyse large datasets and tsunamis

Analytical Services Service based model for analysis of samples for researchers Geological Services Resources or properties of the Earth that allow humanity to exist and prosper

APA Australian Plate Array geophysical imaging infrastructure Geoscience Earth science disciplines encompassing geology, geophysics, geochemistry, geochronology and geodesy

ARDC Australian Research Data Commons, an NCRIS capability like AuScope for data Heat Flow The nature of the way heat produced in the Earth is transmitted through rocks to the surface

AusArray National passive seismic imaging program Hydrological Properties Physical properties of rocks and sediments that control the way fluids are contained within, or move through them AuScope NCRIS funded organisation dedicated to supporting research infrastructure investment for the earth and geospatial science communities in Australia IMOS Integrated Marine Observing System (IMOS), an NCRIS capability like AuScope for marine science

AusLAMP The Australian Lithospheric Architecture Magnetotelluric Project IOT Internet of things; the interconnection via the Internet of computing devices embedded in everyday objects, enabling them to send and receive data Basin Geological structure usually filed with sediments that often contain groundwater and energy resource systems (e.g. Gippsland Basin) IRIS Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (US)

Characterisation The study of the composition and nature of rocks and other material LiDAR A distance detection system which works on the principle of radar, but uses light from a laser

Cloud Based Digital tools and infrastructure deployed across distributed "cloud" computer systems Longitudinal Baseline Starting measurements for long-term observational studies

Conjugate Margin Mirrored passive margins, or continental edges, formed during continental rifting Magnetotellurics (MT) Geophysical technique that allows imaging of the electrical conductivity of the Earth's crust

Cover Sequences Sediment that covers and often obscures older rocks Mineral Deposits Accumulations of minerals that can be economically mined or extracted

CSIRO Commonwealth Science Industry Research Organisation Multi-Sensor Observational sensor deployments where more than one type of sensor is deployed at each site

Data Stewardship Management and oversight of an organization's data assets National Maps Continental-scale maps that geographically describe one or many geological attributes such as isotopic ratios Data Telemetry Transmission of data from remote sites to base stations or data repositories NCI National Computational Infrastructure, an NCRIS capability like AuScope for computation Deep Earth The portion of the Earth that is deeper than the shallow crust NCRIS National Collaborative Research Infrastructure Strategy Digital Infrastructure Infrastructure including software and hardware facilitating collection, transfer, storage, discovery, analysis and modelling of digital data NEPS National Environmental Prediction System

Digital Pipelines Digital infrastructure facilitating movement, processing and storage of data NRI Roadmap The Australian Government’s National Research Infrastructure Roadmap (2018)

Digital Twin A discoverable and searchable digital (data) representation of properties and composition of the Earth Open-Source Software or data that uses an open development process and is licensed to include the source code

Passive Seismic Earthquake monitoring infrastructure techniques that allow imaging of the Earth

25 AuScope 10-Year Strategy 2020 – 2030 Glossary 26 28

Answering Australia’s Geoscience Questions auscope.org.au/strategy

AuScope

10-Year Strategy 10-Year 2020 – 2030

DESCRIPTION AuScope Accounting for volumes of water that is located in aquifer systems beneath the earth and in rivers streams and lakes on the surface of the Earth and the study of the interaction between them of solids of The Earth's solid surface and its interior surface Earth's the Beneath Field-based long-term observational infrastructure deployments that contain a number of instruments co-located science environmental for AuScope like capability NCRIS an Network, Research Ecosystem Terrestrial Data collected regularly over a period of time education and research geoscience facilitates that consortium university-governed Non-profit geodesy using Physical tools including field deployed observational instruments and laboratory based analytical facilities Professor The way in which material deforms and flows, especially non-Newtonian flow of liquids and plastic flow A small remotely controlled vehicle that can move over rough ground Nations United the by established Goal Development Sustainable Integrated fleet of instruments deployed in a structured sense way to or image the Earth Earth science discipline relating the to physicalproperties of rocks Glossary — Continued Water Balance Water Time-Series Data UNavco TERN Subsurface Supersites Solid Earth SDG Sensor Array Rovers Prof Rheology Petrophysics Infrastructure Physical NAME 27 AuScope School of Earth Sciences University of Melbourne Victoria 3010

Tw @AuScope Ig @AuScopeToolkit Li @auscope-limited #AuScopeImpact #NCRISimpact

auscope.org.au/strategy