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Science and Engineering – the Beating Heart of Healthcare Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council 11 Life support Science and engineering – the beating heart of healthcare Healing with sound Helping the blind to see Richard, the 3D-printed king Silk: the 400 million-year-old super-material Professor Robert Winston on the joined-up science behind healthcare 4-9 Briefings: Research in action 10-11 Richard the 3D: Loughborough team print out replica of Richard III’s skull CONTENTS 12-13 See the person: Bean-can PhD poster promotes a major dementia project 14-18 Life support: EPSRC’s CEO on the role mathematics, engineering and science 10 play in safeguarding the national health 19 The treatment: Recent EPSRC healthcare investments 20-23 Fitter, healthier, happier: EPSRC-sponsored healthcare-related research 24-27 Face value: 3D printing technique revolutionises low-cost facial prosthetics 28-31 Bursting cancer’s bubble: Two 32 scientists, one vision – healing with sound 32-35 In profile: Professor John Fisher 36-37 Prescripton for success: Interdisciplinary Research Collaborations for 24 smarter patient support 38-39 Seeing’s believing: Optobionics – helping the blind to see 40-43 Glowing evidence: Academics and industry unite to develop a gel that glows in the presence of bacteria 52 44-47 Spin cycle: Silk products modelled on spider webs and silkworm threads could be used to repair the human body 48-51 20-20 vision: What advances in healthcare will there be 20 years from now? 52-53 Numbers game: Dr Ellen Brooks- Pollock on using mathematical modelling to predict the spread of disease 54 Rule of thumb: A new keyboard designed specifically for mobile devices Editor: Mark Mallett ([email protected]) The Engineering and Physical Sciences Research EPSRC works alongside other Research Councils Council (EPSRC) is the UK’s main agency for funding which have responsibility in other research areas. Design: Rachael Brown ([email protected]) research in engineering and the physical sciences. The Research Councils work collectively on issues of Contributors: Jenny Aranha; Dr Ellen Brooks-Pollock; EPSRC invests around £800 million a year in research common concern via Research Councils UK. Chris Buratta; Phil Davies; Professor David Delpy; and postgraduate training to help the nation handle To provide feedback on this magazine, and to Joanne Enderby; Professor John Fisher; Gemma the next generation of technological change. subscribe to print and/or electronic versions of Pioneer, please e-mail [email protected] Hulkes; Vicky Marlow; Grace Palmer; Roland Pease; The areas covered range from information Matt Shinn; Clare Waldron; Dr Gemma Webster; Lord technology to structural engineering, and Pictures courtesy of thinkstock.com unless Robert Winston; John Yates. mathematics to materials science. otherwise stated. This research forms the basis for future economic [email protected] development in the UK and improvements for Printed by RCUK’s in-house service provider Contact: 01793 444305/442804 everyone’s health, lifestyle and culture. PIONEER 11 Winter 2013 2 CONTENTS True to life Introduction by guest editor, Professor Robert Winston EPSRC has linked its work closely to that benefit. Initiatives include stem cells to of other Research Councils, focusing on grow new tissues (pages 32-35), and the the academic backbone of this country, delivery of cancer drugs to exactly where Britain’s outstanding universities. Here they are most needed. The hope is that we world-class biomedical and related shall be able to administer these in optimal healthcare research is pursued by talented quantities, minimising harmful side effects people in whom EPSRC invests, nurturing (pages 28-31). scientists, engineers and physicians As people live longer, and the health throughout their careers. of older people becomes increasingly This country’s reputation is due to the important, researchers are harnessing new support of all the Research Councils, technologies from the digital economy, such the charitable foundations and industry, as iPad-based applications to help people and through increasingly multidisciplinary with dementia; similar technology also helps collaborations. EPSRC is at the vanguard, autistic children engage with the world providing the best in basic maths, chemistry, around them (page 6). physics and engineering. This issue of Some researchers supported by EPSRC Pioneer shows the diverse nature of what collaborate with companies across the we support – improving our environment A non-scientist friend recently asked healthcare spectrum – from start-ups to (page 4); providing for dementia sufferers me what EPSRC actually does. I replied blue-chip corporations. One such person is (pages 12-13); computer modelling for the that it spearheads innovative research in Professor John Fisher (pages 30-33) who prediction and monitoring of the spread of engineering and the physical sciences has combined a distinguished research infectious diseases (pages 52-53). to improve the quality of life. The UK is career with highly successful entrepreneurial acknowledged for the quality of its basic Strengthening bridges between all activities. Professor Fisher is a member of research to advance healthcare. But, I said, disciplines encourages innovation and EPSRC’s Council, the decision-making body there are challenges ahead. Though our underscores the social and ethical value responsible for determining policy, priorities research means we live longer, healthier of what we do. It also accelerates the and strategy, and for stewardship of its lives than at any point in history, we have arc towards application. This requires budget. I feel privileged to also have served an ageing population. There are also holistic thinking, the understanding of the on Council, and continue to maintain a close inequalities in human societies across the bigger picture. interest in EPSRC’s activities. globe. The progress we are making has EPSRC has strong partnerships with This edition of Pioneer reflects the diversity been largely possible because of improved industry such as Procter & Gamble; with of healthcare-related research supported by understanding, investigation and treatment charities like the Wellcome Trust and EPSRC. Hopefully, when my friend reads it of disease. Perhaps the greatest task Cancer Research UK (page 18-19); and he will applaud how some of the finest minds now is to translate that understanding into with organisations such as the Technology of our generation are pioneering research improved public health; here the work of Strategy Board (pages 38-43), translating in engineering and the physical sciences to EPSRC is of increasing importance. research for commercial and societal support every aspect of healthy life. PIONEER 11 Winter 2013 3 briefings Sponsored research in action of photo-catalytic reduction, a It is estimated that this process, if successful process that uses solar energy to at a commercial scale, could offset globally convert CO2 into fuels like methane up to 700 million tonnes of CO2 each year, and methanol. significantly more than total UK annual The centre’s director and UK emissions which the UK Government project leader is Professor estimates at around 500 million tonnes. Mercedes Maroto-Valer (pictured The project includes scientists based in examining a catalyst used in the Taiwan, the USA, Canada and China, and prototype solar fuel reactors). includes leading industrial players, ensuring Professor Maroto-Valer holds the technology developed can be used with a joint EPSRC Challenging existing infrastructure. Engineering Fellowship with Professor Adam Lee from the Advisory board member, E.ON’s Dr Robin University of Warwick, and the two Irons, says: “This research is a fantastic Gas works are collaborating on the project. opportunity to bring a potentially hugely valuable technology to market. Industry Scientists at the EPSRC-funded Centre She says: “Your home will be producing CO as it consumes energy, but that will be will be working hand-in-hand with the for Innovation in Carbon Capture and 2 international team of academics, making this Storage (CICCS) at Heriot-Watt University turned into natural gas by the reactor using a truly global project designed to deliver a are developing unique sunlight and water- water and sunlight – it’s revolutionary. globally significant breakthrough.” powered ‘reactors’ for capturing and storing “This novel reactor and process could carbon dioxide (CO2 ) in the home. unlock a hugely significant source of carbon- The research project is funded under the At the heart of the technology is a unique neutral fuel – turning a climate-changing gas Research Councils UK Energy Programme, system aimed at increasing the efficiency into a climate-saving fuel.” which is led by EPSRC. Mood swings to detect basic emotions such as anger, surprise and happiness. As well as tracking initial public reactions to events, the system can analyse how the public mood changes over time following subsequent incidents or interventions. Furthermore, the program can collate expressions of feelings in real time, map them geographically and track how they develop. The system, which can be scaled up easily to monitor tweets globally, has a variety of potential applications including use by the police to track potential criminal behaviour or threats to public safety, or to guide national policy on the best way to react to Image: Shutterstock major incidents. An EPSRC-supported research team at such as the 2011 London riots or the The Loughborough research team was led Loughborough University have developed a murder of Fusilier Lee Rigby, through Twitter. by Professor Tom Jackson and co-funded computer program that can map the mood The system can analyse up to 2,000 tweets by EPSRC and the Defence Science and of the nation and its reaction to big events, a second, using sophisticated software Technology Laboratory (DSTL). PIONEER 11 Winter 2013 4 briefings Sponsored research in action Erasing Flower power e-footprints A ‘cleaner app’ which enables people at risk from domestic violence to seek help online without leaving an electronic trail behind them has been developed by EPSRC-supported researchers at Newcastle University.
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