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Strategia De Dezvoltare a Comunei Aiton 2014-2050

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Strategia De Dezvoltare a Comunei Aiton 2014-2050 POMPEI COCEAN COORDONATOR STRATEGIA DE DEZVOLTARE A COMUNEI AITON 2014-2050 Proiectant: Universitatea Babeş-Bolyai, Cluj-Napoca Facultatea de Geografie Centrul de Geografie Regională Consultanţi ştiinţifici: Conf. univ.dr. Sorin Filip Primar: Nicolae Făgădar Design copertă: Asist. univ. dr. Lelia PAPP © Toate drepturile rezervate Centrului de Geografie Regională al Universităţii Babeş-Bolyai. Reproducerea integrală sau parţială a textului şi ilustraţiilor, prin orice mijloace, fără acordul acestuia, este interzisă şi se pedepseşte conform legii. POMPEI COCEAN COORDONATOR STRATEGIA DE DEZVOLTARE A COMUNEI AITON 2014-2050 RISOPRINT 2014 COLECTIV ELABORARE 1. Prof. univ. dr. Pompei COCEAN – Coordonator (Cap. 8, Cap. 9, 9.1., 9.2., 9.4., 9.5.) 2. CS III dr. Ana-Maria POP (Cap. 5, Cap. 6, Cap. 9, 9.2.5., 9.2.6., 9.3.) 3. Drd. Gheorghe-Gavrilă HOGNOGI (Cap. 1, Cap. 9, 9.2.1.) 4. Drd. Izabela-Amalia MIHALCA (Cap. 2, Cap. 3, Cap. 9, 9.2.3., 9.2.4.) 5. Arh. stag. drd. Smaranda SPÂNU (Cap. 4, Cap. 3, Cap. 7, Cap. 9, 9.2.2., 9.2.7.) Foto: Ana-Maria POP (45, 47, 48, 57, 61, 65, 68, 69, 71, 74, 75, 76, 77, 79, 80, 92, 97), Smaranda SPÂNU (66, 67, 72, 87, 88, 90, 93, 94, 95, 96) Gheorghe HOGNOGI (70, 73, 89), CUPRINS Pag. Dimensiunea locală a dezvoltării ca paradigmă în schimbare .................................. 7 PARTEA I. SITUAŢIA EXISTENTĂ ............................................... 9 CAP.1.POTENŢIALUL NATURAL ................................................................................ 9 1.1.Potenţialul geomorfologic şi riscurile asociate ................................................. 9 1.2.Potenţialul climatic şi riscurile asociate ............................................................. 15 1.3.Resursele de apă şi riscurile asociate .................................................................. 21 1.4.Potenţialul biopedogeografic şi riscurile asociate ............................................ 23 CAP.2.POTENŢIALUL DEMOGRAFIC......................................................................... 28 2.1.Vechimea antropizării, evoluţia numerică şi distribuţia spaţială a populaţiei .. 28 2.2.Dinamica naturală şi migratorie a populaţiei ................................................... 30 2.3.Structurile demografice ........................................................................................ 32 CAP.3.REŢEAUA DE LOCALITĂŢI .......................................................................................... 38 3.1.Cadrul istoric de dezvoltare al localităţilor ....................................................... 38 3.2.Distribuţia teritorială a localităţilor .................................................................... 38 3.3.Clasificarea aşezărilor ........................................................................................... 39 CAP.4.PATRIMONIUL CONSTRUIT............................................................................ 49 4.1.Patrimoniul arheologic ......................................................................................... 49 4.2.Patrimoniul arhitectural religios ......................................................................... 54 4.3.Patrimoniul arhitectural laic ............................................................................... 56 CAP.5.INFRASTRUCTURA TEHNICĂ A TERITORIULUI .................................... 59 5.1.Căi de comunicaţii ................................................................................................. 59 5.2.Alimentarea cu energie electrică ......................................................................... 62 5.3.Alimentarea cu gaz metan ................................................................................... 62 5.4.Alimentarea cu apă potabilă şi canalizarea ....................................................... 62 5.5.Telecomunicaţii ..................................................................................................... 63 5.6.Gospodărire comunală ......................................................................................... 63 5.7.Infrastructura situaţiilor de urgenţă .................................................................. 64 CAP.6.ACTIVITĂŢILE ECONOMICE .......................................................................... 65 6.1.Agricultura ............................................................................................................. 65 6.2.Pomicultura ............................................................................................................ 69 6.3.Piscicultura ............................................................................................................. 69 6.4.Silvicultura ............................................................................................................. 69 6.5.Industria, comerţul şi serviciile ........................................................................... 70 6.6.Turismul ................................................................................................................. 73 5 CAP.7.ASPECTELE SOCIO-CULTURALE ................................................................... 77 7.1.Învăţământul ......................................................................................................... 77 7.2.Ocrotirea sănătăţii ................................................................................................. 78 7.3.Spaţiul public ......................................................................................................... 78 7.4.Arhitectura tradiţională ........................................................................................ 81 CAP.8. ANALIZA DIAGNOSTIC (SWOT) .................................................................. 86 PARTEA A II-A. STRATEGIA DE DEZVOLTARE ..................... 89 Factorii catalizatori ai dezvoltării comunei Aiton ....................................................... 89 CAP.9.STRATEGIA DE DEZVOLTARE ....................................................................... 91 9.1.Obiective strategice generale .......................................................................... 91 9.2.Obiective strategice sectoriale (pe domenii) ................................................ 92 9.2.1.Cadrul natural şi mediul ...................................................................... 92 9.2.2. Patrimoniul construit ........................................................................... 95 9.2.3.Structura socio-demografică ................................................................ 97 9.2.4.Reţeaua de localităţi .............................................................................. 98 9.2.5.Infrastructura tehnică a teritoriului .................................................... 100 9.2.6.Activităţile economice .......................................................................... 107 9.2.7.Aspectele socio-culturale ..................................................................... 116 9.3. Surse de finanţare ........................................................................................... 117 9.4.Etapizarea strategiei de dezvoltare locală .................................................... 118 9.5.Logo-ul şi brandul comunei ........................................................................... 120 Glosar de termeni .............................................................................................................. 121 Bibliografie ......................................................................................................................... 123 Anexe .................................................................................................................................... 127 6 Dimensiunea locală a dezvoltării ca paradigmă în schimbare Trăim astăzi sub sceptrul unor paradigme în schimbare, în continuă metamorfoză de sens şi conţinut, odată cu rapidele mutaţii ale substratului unde s-au înfiripat şi ale factorilor care le-au generat şi stimulat conturarea. Complexitatea crescândă a sociosistemului, rezultată din expansiunea sa planetară, dar mai ales din mozaicul de tendinţe şi deziderate care-i animă permanent evoluţia, se răsfrânge, sub forma unor strânse condiţionări, asupra tuturor vectorilor implicaţi în devenirea sa, atât în ceea ce priveşte funcţionarea, cât şi a rezultantei acţiunii acestora. Dezvoltarea a devenit astfel un leit-motiv ce verifică înainte de orice, prin generalizarea şi frecvenţa uzitării sale în mediul public, economic, politic, academic sau strategic, postulatul confruntării tuturor acestor componente ale societăţii actuale cu teama şi îngrijorarea derivate din revers, adică din subdezvoltare, înapoiere sau regres. Privit în manieră structuralistă, fenomenul dezvoltării relevă o arhitectură holarhică, dispusă pe mai multe niveluri ierarhice. Aşa cum cel mai perfecţionat sistem cunoscut până astăzi în realitatea înconjurătoare, care este organismul uman, are drept piatră de temelie minuscula celulă, sistemul teritorial are la baza edificiului său localitatea strict individualizată. În majoritatea absolută a cazurilor, ea îmbracă forma aşezării rurale, a satului, dar nu putem exclude din acest nivel nici aşezarea urbană iniţială, cea a oraşelor mici aflate, prin afirmare şi diversificare funcţională, la originea metropolelor sau megalopolisurilor de astăzi. Nivelul local al dezvoltării reprezintă, aşadar, punctul de plecare al unui complex sistem de interrelaţii care se va diversifica şi ramifica arborescent spre nivelurile superioare, cel zonal, regional sau macro-regional.
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