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Four Rivers Basin: Flooding Cumberland, Tennessee, Ohio, Mississippi Daniel I

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Four Rivers Basin: Flooding Cumberland, Tennessee, Ohio, Mississippi Daniel I Kentucky Geological Survey Map and Chart 194 James C. Cobb, State Geologist and Director Series XII, 2009 UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY, LEXINGTON Four Rivers Basin: Flooding Cumberland, Tennessee, Ohio, Mississippi Daniel I. Carey Groundwater Resources Paducah Landing The Four Rivers Basin includes over 4,700 square miles in all or parts of 17 counties. The basin contains more than 10,700 miles of streams. More than 720 miles of streams assessed in the basin by the Kentucky Basin Location Division of Water do not support designated uses for warm-water aquatic habitat, fish consumption, primary contact recreation, or secondary contact recreation. Not all streams have been assessed. The percentage of assessed streams not supporting uses was: warm-water aquatic habitat (58 percent); fish consumption (14 percent); primary contact recreation (76 percent); secondary contact recreation (30 percent). Nearly 125 miles of streams have been declared special use waters: either exceptional waters or reference reach waters. For more information on the assessment process and stream ratings, go to www.water.ky.gov/sw/swmonitor/305b/. This photo of the 1937 flood in Paducah was taken before the Ohio River There are five remediation priority watersheds including 640 square miles: crested on February 2, 1937. Floodwaters covered more than 90 percent primary impacts are pathogens, nutrients, siltation, habitat alteration, and low of the city, and flood damage exceeded $22 million. Photo courtesy of the dissolved oxygen caused by agriculture, municipal sewer systems, and Slope William Clark Market House Museum. channelization. There are 10 large man-made lakes in the basin. Kentucky Lake and Lake Level to gently rolling Flood Protection Barkley provide nearly 100,000 acres for recreation in Kentucky. Two million Gently rolling to hilly 3 visitors a year enjoy the 170,000 acres and 300 miles of undeveloped shoreline Hilly to steep of the Land Between the Lakes. Looking upstream and east from the landing at Paducah. Photo by Paul Potter, University Groundwater is a valuable resource to residents, industry, and farmers in the basin. Kight Pecan Orchard (above, left), the largest pecan orchard in the state of Cincinnati. Mouth of the Cumberland River (80 acres), uses groundwater for drip irrigation. Traditional row crops use groundwater for spray irrigation (below, left). Most communities in the basin rely on groundwater for their public water supply. The city of Murray and parts of Calloway County use five municipal water wells to produce drinking water. The well Industrial Pollution shown above (right) here is 200 feet deep and pumps 1,000 gallons of water per minute. Proper resource management and planning will be essential to preserving good groundwater quality in the basin. Photos by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey. More Information Boating and Fishing Access Sites, Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources: kygeonet.ky.gov/kdfwr/ Four Rivers Basin: watersheds.ky.gov/basins/four_rivers/ Four Rivers Watershed Watch: kywater.org/watch/fourrivers/ Ecologic Regions Kentucky Division of Water: water.ky.gov Bluff Hills Kentucky Watershed Viewer: eppcmaps.ky.gov/website/watershed/ Crawford–Mammoth Cave Uplands Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute: Holocene Meander Belts www.uky.edu/WaterResources/ Kentucky Geological Survey: www.uky.edu/kgs/water/library/ Loess Plains U.S. Geological Survey surface-water data: water.usgs.gov/osw/ Wabash–Ohio Bottomlands This 12.5-mile floodwall was constructed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Water Watch: water.ky.gov/ww/ Western Highland Rim after the 1937 flood to prevent future flooding in Paducah. Photo by Glynn Beck, Water Watch Data: kgsmap.uky.edu/website/krww/ Western Pennyroyal Karst Plain Kentucky Geological Survey. 5 Looking northeast at the mouth of the Cumberland River along the Ohio from the overlook at Smithland. Photo by Paul Potter, University of Cincinnati. Mighty Rivers, Ballard County Springs -88.25o 60 QR723 ¤£ Metropolis Lake is a natural lake in the Wabash-Ohio Bottomlands ecoregion along the Ohio River. Metropolis Lake has been contaminated with PCB's (polychlorinated biphenyl) and mercury from industry. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey. QR133 o Salem 05130205260 641 -89.0 YWX 53.48 ¤£ Data from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency: o o 37.25 60 -88.0 epa.gov/wed/pages/ecoregions/ky_eco.htm Acknowledgments ¤£ 37.25o LM 05130205280 855 05140206110 Thanks to Terry Hounshell and Meg Smath, 723 133 QR 29.04 QR QR QR902 51.92 Kentucky Geological Survey, for cartographic Karst LMLM and editorial improvements. Thanks to Kim and Fredonia LM QR473 LM o Kent Anness, Kentucky Division of Geographic LM 14") -88.75 LM 70 855 ± LM QR Ohio LMRiverLMLMLM Information, for base-map data. QR LM 05140206060 05130205290 05140206120 16.11 39.56 QR70 13.82 LMLM LM 05130205270 LMQR902 05130205250 LM Smithland 128.01 QR310 QR473 05140206070 14.74 (!5^ QR139 18.25 358 The confluence of the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers. This picture was taken at Fort QR 05140206040 YWX QR725 26.2 05130205240 Defiance State Park, Ill., looking southeast toward the city of Wickliffe in Ballard 05140206130 YWX QR453 39.13 QR295 105.41 Kevil 819 373 County. Photo by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey. 38") Cumberland R QR La Center 30") LM QR 08010100010 ^ Princeton LM Paducah 06040006010 Eddyville 32.24 YWX 60 YWX 995 (!3 o The settlement of Princeton in Caldwell County was in large part because of Big Spring, ¤£ QR ^ -88.5 55.94 ^ o 32") QR473 QR937 LM QR278 -87.75 which flows year round. 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LMLM 996 4.38 LM 917 LM YWX LM YWX QR358 QR 18.9 Tennessee RLM QR LMLM LM 05140206050 YWX YWX 31") 293 LM 33") Calvert LM Kuttawa QR 128 LM 74.97 Massac Cr City YWX LMYWX QR903 QR Explanation LM QR305 Lone LM YWX 05130205230 08010100020 726 Oak 284 YWX 27") 29 106.96 LM YWX QR 282 YWX ") 51.26 QR YWX QR LM LM LMLM LM Elevation in feet o YWX 06040006020 LM YWX YWX QR515 -37.0 45 39") ")8 LM YWX 40") YWXYWX QR398 )"12 QR786 ¤£ 06040006070 61.32 LM LM 626–926 Public water withdrawal 30.66 Grand QR810 YWX £51 LM LMRivers LM LM site (see table) ¤ 286 LM 398 LM QR 802 QR o 526–625 QR LM 672 YWX ^ 93 514 37 Treatment plant outfalls Wickliffe 34") 450 LM QR QR QR Muddy Fork Little R ")46 QR 787 QR95 37") LM 451–525 QR QR514 QR124 ^ County seat Blandville Mayfield Cr LM LM 126 QR795 LM LM QR o 376–450 LM YWXLM QR109 -87.5 Large boat ramp 121 LM QR276 QR Clarks R YWX QR126 QR624 08010201010 131 782 641 05130205140 257–375 LM 994 QR QR ¤£ LM Small boat ramp 300.02 QR LM 282.66 QR128 44") YWX LM QR778 05130205220 The Western Pennyroyal Karst Plain ecoregion is dominated by karst features such as 16") LM 139.27 05130205190 12 YWX 62 YWX LM 276 LM (! 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