Kentucky Geological Survey Map and Chart 194 James C. Cobb, State Geologist and Director Series XII, 2009 UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY, LEXINGTON Four Rivers Basin: Flooding Cumberland, Tennessee, Ohio, Mississippi Daniel I. Carey Groundwater Resources Paducah Landing The Four Rivers Basin includes over 4,700 square miles in all or parts of 17 counties. The basin contains more than 10,700 miles of streams. More than 720 miles of streams assessed in the basin by the Kentucky Basin Location Division of Water do not support designated uses for warm-water aquatic habitat, fish consumption, primary contact recreation, or secondary contact recreation. Not all streams have been assessed. The percentage of assessed streams not supporting uses was: warm-water aquatic habitat (58 percent); fish consumption (14 percent); primary contact recreation (76 percent); secondary contact recreation (30 percent). Nearly 125 miles of streams have been declared special use waters: either exceptional waters or reference reach waters. For more information on the assessment process and stream ratings, go to www.water.ky.gov/sw/swmonitor/305b/. This photo of the 1937 flood in Paducah was taken before the Ohio River There are five remediation priority watersheds including 640 square miles: crested on February 2, 1937. Floodwaters covered more than 90 percent primary impacts are pathogens, nutrients, siltation, habitat alteration, and low of the city, and flood damage exceeded $22 million. Photo courtesy of the dissolved oxygen caused by agriculture, municipal sewer systems, and Slope William Clark Market House Museum. channelization. There are 10 large man-made lakes in the basin. Kentucky Lake and Lake Level to gently rolling Flood Protection Barkley provide nearly 100,000 acres for recreation in Kentucky. Two million Gently rolling to hilly 3 visitors a year enjoy the 170,000 acres and 300 miles of undeveloped shoreline Hilly to steep of the Land Between the Lakes. Looking upstream and east from the landing at Paducah. Photo by Paul Potter, University Groundwater is a valuable resource to residents, industry, and farmers in the basin. Kight Pecan Orchard (above, left), the largest pecan orchard in the state of Cincinnati. Mouth of the Cumberland River (80 acres), uses groundwater for drip irrigation. Traditional row crops use groundwater for spray irrigation (below, left). Most communities in the basin rely on groundwater for their public water supply. The city of Murray and parts of Calloway County use five municipal water wells to produce drinking water. The well Industrial Pollution shown above (right) here is 200 feet deep and pumps 1,000 gallons of water per minute. Proper resource management and planning will be essential to preserving good groundwater quality in the basin. Photos by Glynn Beck, Kentucky Geological Survey. More Information Boating and Fishing Access Sites, Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources: kygeonet.ky.gov/kdfwr/ Four Rivers Basin: watersheds.ky.gov/basins/four_rivers/ Four Rivers Watershed Watch: kywater.org/watch/fourrivers/ Ecologic Regions Kentucky Division of Water: water.ky.gov Bluff Hills Kentucky Watershed Viewer: eppcmaps.ky.gov/website/watershed/ Crawford–Mammoth Cave Uplands Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute: Holocene Meander Belts www.uky.edu/WaterResources/ Kentucky Geological Survey: www.uky.edu/kgs/water/library/ Loess Plains U.S. Geological Survey surface-water data: water.usgs.gov/osw/ Wabash–Ohio Bottomlands This 12.5-mile floodwall was constructed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Water Watch: water.ky.gov/ww/ Western Highland Rim after the 1937 flood to prevent future flooding in Paducah. 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