Protozoa ● Miller and Harley Chap. 8
BIO2135 – Animal Form and Function
Protista Phylogeny
Fig. 8.21
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Kingdom Protista
● Super Group Excavata
● Super Group Amoebozoa
● Super Group Rhizaria
● Super Group Chromalveolata
BIO2135 – Animal Form and Function
1 Endosymbiotic Origin
Fig. 8.2
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Surface:Volume Ratio Protozoa are approx. 0.005–0.3 mm in size
Size Surface Vo l u m e S / V
0.5 mm 0.000007854 0.00000000164 480 000
0.6 mm 0.1256 0.0004189 299
2.0 mm 12.57 4.189 3
5.0 mm 78.53 163.6 0.5
BIO2135 – Animal Form and Function
Diffusion for Respiration/Excretion
Fig. 28.9
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2 Osmoregulation: Contractile Vacuole
Excretory Pore Vacuole Endoplasmic Ampulla Reticulum
Full Empty
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Locomotion
• Pseudopods • Flagella • Cilia
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Excavata
Fig. 8.7
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3 Amoebozoa
Fig. 8.11
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Amoeba Locomotion
Pseudopod Ectoplasm Endoplasm Hyalin Cap
Direction of movement
BIO2135 – Animal Form and Function
Amoeba Locomotion
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4 Types of Pseudopods
Fig. 8.9
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Rhizaria
● Pseudopods in a test – Filopods, axopods, reticulopods ● Foraminifera: calcium carbonate ● Radiolaria: silica
Fig. 8.13
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Chromalveolata
Fig. 8.16
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5 Fig. 8.17 Pellicle
Cilia Alveola
Interciliary fibres
Basal Body
Trichocyst
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Ciliary Locomotion
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Ciliary Locomotion
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6 Ciliary Locomotion
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Phagocytosis & Pinocytosis
See Fig. 2.14
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Amoeba Feeding
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7 Ciliate Feeding
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Ciliate Feeding
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Asexual Reproduction Fig. 8.3
Longitudinal Fission Transverse Fission
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8 Sexual Reproduction
Fig. 8.20
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Ecology
Fig. 8.15
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Animal Ancestor?
Flagella
Colony
Choanoflagellate
Food particles Collar
Water flow
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9 First Animal Outgoing Flow
Multicellular Organism Feeding cell (choanocyte) Inside of Sponge
Water Flow
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Next Class
● Phylum Porifera ● Miller and Harley Chap. 9
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10