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Israel COLEÇÃO ESTUDOS E DOCUMENTOS DE COMÉRCIO EXTERIOR

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Israel COLEÇÃO ESTUDOS E DOCUMENTOS DE COMÉRCIO EXTERIOR Ministério das Relações Exteriores Departamento de Promoção Comercial e Investimentos Divisão de Inteligência Comercial Como Exportar Israel COLEÇÃO ESTUDOS E DOCUMENTOS DE COMÉRCIO EXTERIOR COMO EXPORTAR Israel Coleção: Estudos e Documentos de Comércio Exterior Série: Como Exportar CEX: 246 Elaboração: Elaboração: Ministério das Relações Exteriores – MRE Departamento de Promoção Comercial e Investimentos – DPR Divisão de Inteligência Comercial – DIC Embaixada do Brasil em Tel Aviv Setor de Promoção Comercial – SECOM Coordenação: Divisão de Inteligência Comercial - DIC Distribuição: Divisão de Inteligência Comercial - DIC Os termos e a apresentação de matérias contidas na presente publicação não traduzem expressão de opinião por parte do MRE sobre o status jurídico de quaisquer países, terri- tórios, cidades ou áreas geográficas e de suas fronteiras ou limites. Os termos “desenvolvi- dos” e “em desenvolvimento” empregados em relação a países ou a áreas geográficas não implicam posição oficial por parte do MRE. Direitos reservados. O DPR, que é titular exclusivo dos direitos de autor, permite sua reprodução parcial, desde que a fonte seja devidamente citada. (*) Este guia foi registrado no Escritório de Direitos Autorais da Fundação Biblioteca Nacional (ISBN 85-98712-68-X) O texto do presente estudo foi concluído em abril de 2016. B823c Brasil. Ministério das Relações Exteriores. Divisão de Inteligência Comercial. Como Exportar: Israel / Ministério das Relações Exteriores._Brasília: MRE, 2016. 89 p.; il._ (Coleção estudos e documentos de comércio exterior). 1. Brasil – Comércio exterior. 2. Israel – Comércio Exterior. I. Título. II. Série. CDU 339.5 (81:569.4) Como Exportar ISRAEL SUMÁRIO INTRODUÇÃO ....................................................................................................5 MAPA DE ISRAEL .............................................................................................11 DADOS BÁSICOS .............................................................................................13 I – ASPECTOS GERAIS .....................................................................................15 1. Geografia ..............................................................................................15 2. População, centros urbanos e nível de vida .......................................... 16 3. Transportes e comunicações ................................................................18 4. Organização política e administrativa .....................................................20 5. Acordos e organizações internacionais .................................................22 II – ECONOMIA, MOEDA E FINANÇAS ...............................................................27 1. Conjuntura econômica ........................................................................ 27 2. Principais setores de atividade............................................................. 29 3. Moeda e finanças ................................................................................ 32 III – COMÉRCIO EXTERIOR GERAL .................................................................. 37 1. Evolução recente: considerações gerais .............................................. 37 2. Direção do comércio exterior ............................................................... 40 3. Composição do comércio exterior ....................................................... 42 IV – RELAÇÕES ECONÔMICAS BRASIL – ISRAEL ............................................ 45 1. Comercial bilateral .............................................................................. 45 2. Composição do comércio bilateral ....................................................... 48 3. Principais acordos econômicos com o Brasil ...................................... 52 V – ACESSO AO MERCADO ............................................................................ 57 1. Sistema tarifário ................................................................................... 57 2. Estrutura tarifária ................................................................................. 58 3. Regras de importação .......................................................................... 59 4. Regimes de taxa de câmbio ................................................................. 60 5. Formalidades e documentação ............................................................. 60 6. Instalações alfandegárias ..................................................................... 61 7. Imposto em consignação ..................................................................... 62 8. Devolução de impostos ........................................................................ 62 9. Entrada temporária ............................................................................... 62 Calendário Brasileiro de Exposições e Feiras 2012 3 ISRAEL Como Exportar 10. Liberação da Alfândega ...................................................................... 63 11. Mercadorias em trânsito .................................................................... 63 VI – ESTRUTURA DE MARKETING E VENDAS ..................................................65 1. Canais de distribuição .........................................................................65 2. Promoção de vendas .......................................................................... 67 3. Práticas comerciais.............................................................................. 71 VII – RECOMENDAÇÕES ÀS EMPRESAS BRASILEIRAS ................................... 75 ANEXOS ..........................................................................................................79 I. Endereços ...........................................................................................79 II. Fretes e comunicações com o Brasil ...................................................85 III. Informações práticas ..........................................................................85 BIBLIOGRAFIA .................................................................................................89 4 Calendário Brasileiro de Exposições e Feiras 2012 Como Exportar ISRAEL INTRODUÇÃO Israel é um importante centro de alta empresas israelenses têm ampliado tecnologia de nível mundial. Possui sua presença no exterior. Israel é o uma economia de mercado avança- segundo país, após os EUA, com o da com ainda substancial, embora maior número de empresas registra- decrescente, participação do Estado. das na NASDAQ, tendo ultrapassado, nos últimos anos, o Canadá. A crise econômica mundial dos anos 2008 e 2009 afetou de certa for- Jazidas de gás natural, encontradas ma, a economia do país. Mas, em em 2009 no Mar Mediterrâneo na virtude de uma sólida e consistente área costal do país, e comercializa- política fiscal aliada à composição das a partir de 2012, reforçam o se- do PIB, este impacto foi minimizado, tor da segurança energética do país, permitindo um processo relativamen- tendo a capacidade de prover toda a te rápido de recuperação. demanda nacional de energia. Apesar de sua relativa pequena O ano de 2014 assinalou a continua- população, o mercado consumidor ção do fortalecimento da integração reflete elevada renda per capita. Em da economia israelense na economia 2015 a estimativa do Produto Interno global. As exportações totais (mer- Bruto é de US$ 296,07 bilhões, com cadorias e serviços) constituíram PIB per capita de US$ 35.343. Estes 31,79% do PIB, atingindo cifras de valores posicionam Israel entre as 47 US$ 96,7 bilhões, e as importações maiores economias do mundo. representaram 31,70% (US$ 96,4 bilhões); os investimentos israelen- A economia israelense tem como pe- ses, no exterior, atingiram US$ 24,65 dra angular o comércio internacional bilhões e os investimentos estrangei- e o parque tecnológico. Israel possui ros diretos, em Israel, somaram US$ a maior proporção de engenheiros 69,29 bilhões. e cientistas per capita no mundo, duas vezes a do Japão e dos EUA. Desde o início da década de 70, o Dado o tamanho de sua economia desenvolvimento da indústria tecno- e o avanço tecnológico do país, as lógica tornou-se meta prioritária, por Calendário Brasileiro de Exposições e Feiras 2012 5 ISRAEL Como Exportar decisão governamental, na sustenta- sendo que Motorola, Microsoft e Intel bilidade a longo termo da economia mantêm em Israel os únicos centros do país, visando o desenvolvimento de pesquisa fora dos EUA. e a produção de bens de alto valor agregado destinados, principalmente, Como resultado desse desenvolvi- à exportação. mento, a indústria israelense migrou para a produção de bens e serviços Além de companhias de grande por- de alta tecnologia, que se caracte- te, acima de 4.500 pequenas e mé- riza pela agregação de valor e uso dias empresas tecnológicas (start- de mão de obra especializada, com -ups) estão ativas em Israel, parte elevada formação acadêmica. O delas emergentes de um eficiente avanço nesses setores ocorreu, pa- sistema de incubadoras tecnológi- ralelamente, à abertura da economia, cas. A existência de 27 parques tec- ao declínio da produção geral de nológicos, nos seus diversos forma- manufaturados tradicionais e à redu- tos, facilita o desenvolvimento desta ção da já limitada produção agrícola, indústria. Israel investe 4,5% do seu cada vez mais intensiva, dotada de PIB em Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento tecnologia e voltada para o manejo Industrial. de recursos escassos como a mão de obra e a água. Neste último as- A notoriedade de Israel como ma- pecto, Israel é pioneiro na inovação nancial de tecnologias
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