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Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission Seattlenwf
THE FUR SEALS AND OTHER LIFE OF THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS, ALASKA, IN 1914 By Wilfred H. Osgood, Edward A. Preble, and George H. Parker I Blank page retained for pagination CONTENTS. Palll!. LgTTERS OF TRANSMITTAL........•...........'............................................. II LETTER OF SUBMITTAL................... ................................................. 12 INTRODUCTION............... .. 13 Personnel and instructions. ............................................................. 13 Investigations by Canada and Japan... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. IS Itinerary , .. " . .. IS Impartial nature of the investigation " '" . 16 Acknowledgments................. 16 THg PRIBILOF ISLANDS..................................................................... 17 General description...................... .. 17 Vegetation. 18 Climate............. 18 CHARACTER AND HABITS OF THE FUR SEAL IN BRIEF....... ................................. 18 G'eneral characteristics. ................ .. .............................................. 18 Range.................................................................................. 18 , Breeding habits ; ........................ 19 Habits of bachelors : ......................... 20 Age of seals... ;. ....................................................................... 20 SEALING HISTORY IN BRIEF................................................................. 21 Russian management " .. .. 21 American occupation and the leasing system : . .. ... 21 The growth of pelagic sealing , "".. .. .. .. 22 The Paris Tribunal -
MOVEMENTS, HABITAT USE, and ACTIVITY PATTERNS of a TRANSLOCATED GROUP of ROOSEVELT ELK by Matthew Mccoy a Thesis Prese
MOVEMENTS, HABITAT USE, AND ACTIVITY PATTERNS OF A TRANSLOCATED GROUP OF ROOSEVELT ELK by Matthew McCoy A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of Humboldt State University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science June, 1 986 MOVEMENTS, HABITAT USE, AND ACTIVITY PATTERNS OF A TRANSLOCATED GROUP OF ROOSEVELT ELK by Matthew McCoy A F gam Director, Natural Resources Graduate Program 86/W-66/06/10 Natural Resources Graduate Program Number Ala M. Gillespi9( ABSTRACT In March 1982, 17 Roosevelt elk (Cervus elaphus roosevelti) were captured at Gold Bluffs Beach, Humboldt County, California and translocated to an enclosure 4 km east of Shelter Cove, Humboldt County. The animals were released from the enclosure in November 1982. Data were collected for eight radio-collared animals (seven adult females and one 4-year old male) January to December 1983. The number of herds varied from one (January through March) to four (October through December). Three female herds moved 45 km, 58 km, and 84 km south of Shelter Cove, while the radio-collared male remained within 16 km of Shelter Cove. Home range locations varied seasonally. Home range sizes were largest during the summer reflecting migrational and exploratory movements. Habitat use was disproportionate to habitat availability at the home range level during each season. Cultivated grasslands and riparian areas were used in proportions greater than their availability. Coastal Prairie use was greater than that available except in the Shelter Cove area. Shrub and forest habitat types were generally used less than that available. Animal distances to nearest road and water varied seasonally, but were greatest for radio-collared females during the spring. -
A Study of How Dominance Rank Within a Herd of Resident Burchell’S Zebra (Equus Burchelli) at Ndarakwai Ranch Correlate to Frequencies of Other Behaviors
SIT Graduate Institute/SIT Study Abroad SIT Digital Collections Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection SIT Study Abroad Fall 2010 Seeing Stripes: A Study of How Dominance Rank Within a Herd of Resident Burchell’s Zebra (Equus Burchelli) at Ndarakwai Ranch Correlate to Frequencies of Other Behaviors. Alexandra Clayton SIT Study Abroad Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcollections.sit.edu/isp_collection Part of the Zoology Commons Recommended Citation Clayton, Alexandra, "Seeing Stripes: A Study of How Dominance Rank Within a Herd of Resident Burchell’s Zebra (Equus Burchelli) at Ndarakwai Ranch Correlate to Frequencies of Other Behaviors." (2010). Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection. 899. https://digitalcollections.sit.edu/isp_collection/899 This Unpublished Paper is brought to you for free and open access by the SIT Study Abroad at SIT Digital Collections. It has been accepted for inclusion in Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection by an authorized administrator of SIT Digital Collections. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Seeing Stripes A study of how dominance rank within a herd of resident Burchell’s zebra (Equus burchelli) at Ndarakwai Ranch correlate to frequencies of other behaviors. Alexandra Clayton Advisor: Reese Matthews SIT Wildlife Conservation and Political Ecology Fall 2010 Acknowledgements There are so many people that made this project possible, but I would first like to thank Peter Jones for allowing me the chance to conduct my study at Ndarakwai, and for allowing two Internet- starved students to use your wireless! It is a beautiful place and I hope to return someday. I also want to thank Thomas for letting us camp outside his house and to Bahati for making us the best chapatti and ginger tea we’ve ever had, and for washing our very muddy clothes. -
Jyoti (2019). Crowding, Group Size and Population Structure of The
PLATINUM The Journal of Threatened Taxa (JoTT) is dedicated to building evidence for conservaton globally by publishing peer-reviewed artcles online OPEN ACCESS every month at a reasonably rapid rate at www.threatenedtaxa.org. All artcles published in JoTT are registered under Creatve Commons Atributon 4.0 Internatonal License unless otherwise mentoned. JoTT allows allows unrestricted use, reproducton, and distributon of artcles in any medium by providing adequate credit to the author(s) and the source of publicaton. Journal of Threatened Taxa Building evidence for conservaton globally www.threatenedtaxa.org ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) Communication Crowding, group size and population structure of the Blackbuck Antilope cervicapra (Linnaeus, 1758) (Mammalia: Cetartiodactyla: Bovidae) in the semi-arid habitat of Haryana, India Deepak Rai & Jyot 26 July 2019 | Vol. 11 | No. 9 | Pages: 14194-14203 DOI: 10.11609/jot.4788.11.9.14194-14203 For Focus, Scope, Aims, Policies, and Guidelines visit htps://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/about/editorialPolicies#custom-0 For Artcle Submission Guidelines, visit htps://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/about/submissions#onlineSubmissions For Policies against Scientfc Misconduct, visit htps://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/about/editorialPolicies#custom-2 For reprints, contact <[email protected]> The opinions expressed by the authors do not refect the views of the Journal of Threatened Taxa, Wildlife Informaton Liaison Development Society, Zoo Outreach Organizaton, or -
Ecology and Habitat Suitability of Cape Mountain Zebra (Equus Zebra Zebra) in the Western Cape, South Africa
Ecology and habitat suitability of Cape mountain zebra (Equus zebra zebra) in the Western Cape, South Africa by Adriaan Jacobus Olivier Thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Masters of Science at Stellenbosch University Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Faculty of AgriScience Supervisor: Dr Alison J. Leslie Co-supervisor: Dr Jason I. Ransom December 2019 Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za Declaration By submitting this thesis electronically, I declare that the entirety of the work contained therein is my own, original work, that I am the sole author thereof (save to the extent explicitly otherwise stated), that reproduction and publication thereof by Stellenbosch University will not infringe any third party rights and that I have not previously in its entirety or in part submitted it for obtaining any qualification. Jaco Olivier December 2019 Copyright © 2019 Stellenbosch University All rights reserved ii Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za Abstract Endemic to South Africa, the Cape mountain zebra (Equus zebra zebra) historically occurred throughout the Western Cape, and parts of the Northern and Eastern Cape. However, due to human impacts fewer than 50 individuals remained by the 1950’s. Conservation efforts over the past 50 years have resulted in the population increasing to over 4700 individuals and having moved on the IUCN red list, from Critically Endangered to Least Concern. As there are still many isolated meta-populations, CapeNature established a Biodiversity Management Plan for the conservation of Cape mountain zebra in the Western Cape. In 2001, 15 (six males and nine females) Cape mountain zebra was reintroduced into Bakkrans Nature Reserve, situated in the Cederberg Wilderness Area of South Africa. -
The Interspecific Relationships of Black Rhinoceros (Diceros Bicornis) in Hluhluwe-Imfolozi Park
The interspecific relationships of black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis) in Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Park Roan David Plotz B.Sc. (ConsBiolEcol) (Hons1); GradDipEd (Sec) A thesis submitted to Victoria University of Wellington in fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Ecology and Biodiversity 2014 1 “To Ryker, may the wild places of this world long remain protected to captivate and inspire you” Black rhino near the Black iMfolozi River in Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Park, Zululand, South Africa (Photograph by Dale Morris). “We learn more by looking for the answer to a question and not finding it than we do from learning the answer itself.” Lloyd Alexander 2 ABSTRACT As habitat loss, predators (human and non-human) and disease epidemics threaten species worldwide, protected sanctuaries have become vital to species conservation. Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Park (HiP) in South Africa is at the centre of one of the world’s greatest conservation success stories. The formal proclamation of HiP in 1895 prevented the extinction of the south-central black rhino (Diceros bicornis minor) population. In recent times HiP has been a strategic source population for the D. b. minor range expansion program, facilitating an 18-fold population increase across southern Africa. However, HiP’s own black rhino population appears to be in decline. Evidence for decline is most often attributed to overpopulation and poor habitat quality that is driving apparently significant increases in the average home range sizes, poor growth rates (i.e., low calf recruitment) and poor body condition of black rhino. Other factors such as non-human calf predation and parasitism have also been raised as potential causes of decline but remain untested. -
Assessing the Success of Red-Billed Oxpecker Translocations As A
Assessing the success of red-billed oxpecker translocations as a conservation tool in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa Maryna Jordaan Submitted in fulfilment of the academic requirements for the degree of ecology Master of Science in the Discipline of Ecological Sciences School of Life Sciences College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg Campus 2016 ABSTRACT There are numerous factors that contribute to a bird species becoming threatened and in need of increased conservation efforts in order to survive. Compared with fossil records, current extinction rates are much higher than expected, which emphasizes the need for conservation. Conservation translocations aim to increase the survival of threatened species by ameliorating their possibility of extinction, and contribute either to educational, scientific or supportive purposes in this. Reintroductions or translocations are a well-established method for increasing a species’ distribution and for restoring their historical range. Translocations are defined as human-mediated movements of organisms from one area and released in another. A translocation is only considered successful when a population is self-sustained through breeding of the released individuals and does not require intervention. Oxpeckers are African passerines from the starling lineage. Historically, red-billed oxpeckers (Buphagus erythrorhynchus) had a distributional range that extended from Eritrea to Somalia, through south-eastern Sudan to Zimbabwe and into the former Transvaal, Natal and Eastern Cape Provinces, South Africa. Oxpecker populations became threatened in South Africa in the early years of the 20th century. In southern Africa, red-billed oxpeckers became Near- Threatened as a result of cattle dips with substances toxic to the birds, and because of a significant decrease in their large game host species. -
The Role of the Ram in the Impala (Aepyceros Melampus) Mating System
University of Pretoria etd – Oliver, C M (2005) The role of the ram in the impala (Aepyceros melampus) mating system by Colin Malcolm Oliver Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of MSc. (Veterinary Science) in the Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria July 2002 University of Pretoria etd – Oliver, C M (2005) The role of the ram in the impala (Aepyceros melampus) mating system by Colin Malcolm Oliver Project Supervisor: Professor J.D. Skinner Veterinary Wildlife Unit Faculty of Veterinary Science Onderstepoort 0110 South Africa. ABSTRACT The role of territoriality was investigated using 25 impala rams in a site in South Africa. Field data were used to determine known rams as territorial and bachelors, as well as aspirant and indeterminate. The mean territorial tenure was 67.25 days, with a mean territory size of 21.0 ± 11.27 ha, compared to the home ranges of 34.1 ha ± 9.03 ha for territorial and 58.8 ha ± 33.35 ha for bachelor males. Territory boundaries seemed to remain constant through the season, and are smaller when bordering important features such as water holes, which appear to be neutral in terms of territoriality. Mating was observed on three separate dates between 16 May - 4 June 2001, three times by territorial males, the exception being an aspirant ram. The most important diurnal behaviour was feeding, followed by watching, walking, ruminating, resting and licking salt. It was found that bachelors browse more than territorial males, and all males browse and lick salt more in the non-rut. -
SKNP Wildlife Journal December 2017
WILDLIFE REPORT SINGITA KRUGER NATIONAL PARK, SOUTH AFRICA For the month of December, Two Thousand and Seventeen Photo: Jacques Briam Temperature Rainfall Recorded Sunrise & Sunset Average minimum: 20°C (68°F) For the period: 58 mm Sunrise: 05h08 Average maximum: 33°C (91°F) For the year to date: 464 mm Sunset: 18h44 Minimum recorded: 14°C (57°F) Maximum recorded: 40°C (104°F) In the final month of 2017, we experienced warmer days and the increased promise of rain. The summer sun in the early morning brought with it the call of a multitude of bird species, that were in full song throughout the month. It also got hot very quickly, and the shortage of standing water early in the month meant that a late morning drives back along the N’wanetsi River would lead to regular sightings of zebra, giraffe, wildebeest, impala and elephants coming down to the riverine area for food, water and shade. Impala lambing season is still in full swing, but the young lambs have also now been joined by many young blue wildebeest. We have also had sightings of the odd sounder of warthog piglets. Most of the migrant bird species had arrived by the end of the month, particularly after some rain that fell in the latter parts of December. With the increased amount of standing water, there has been a boom in frog and insect activity, which has in turn, brought locally nomadic bird species from near and far. We are now seeing large amounts of lesser spotted eagles, and white stork, as they feast on insects and most notably, termites as they erupt after rain. -
Accounting for Intraspecific Variation Transforms Our Understanding of Artiodactyl Social Evolution
ACCOUNTING FOR INTRASPECIFIC VARIATION TRANSFORMS OUR UNDERSTANDING OF ARTIODACTYL SOCIAL EVOLUTION By Monica Irene Miles Loren D. Hayes Hope Klug Associate Professor of UC Foundation Associate Professor of Biology, Geology, and Environmental Science Biology, Geology, and Environmental Science (Chair) (Committee Member) Timothy Gaudin UC Foundation Professor of Biology, Geology, and Environmental Science (Committee Member) ACCOUNTING FOR INTRASPECIFIC VARIATION TRANSFORMS OUR UNDERSTANDING OF ARTIODACTYL SOCIAL EVOLUTION By Monica Irene Miles A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements of the Degree of Master of Science: Environmental Science The University of Tennessee at Chattanooga Chattanooga, Tennessee December 2018 ii Copyright © 2018 By Monica Irene Miles All Rights Reserved iii ABSTRACT A major goal in the study of mammalian social systems has been to explain evolutionary transitions in social traits. Recent comparative analyses have used phylogenetic reconstructions to determine the evolution of social traits but have omitted intraspecific variation in social organization (IVSO) and mating systems (IVMS). This study was designed to summarize the extent of IVSO and IVMS in Artiodactyla and Perissodactyla, and determine the ancestral social organization and mating system for Artiodactyla. Some 82% of artiodactyls showed IVSO, whereas 31% exhibited IVMS; 80% of perissodactyls had variable social organization and only one species showed IVMS. The ancestral population of Artiodactyla was predicted to have variable social organization (84%), rather than solitary or group-living. A clear ancestral mating system for Artiodactyla, however, could not be resolved. These results show that intraspecific variation is common in artiodactyls and perissodactyls, and suggest a variable ancestral social organization for Artiodactyla. -
Baja California & Sea of Cortez
Baja California & Sea of Cortez Naturetrek Tour Report 23 March - 4 April 2013 Humpback breaching Dolphin reflections Osprey Speckled Rattlesnake Report & images compiled by Lee Morgan Naturetrek Cheriton Mill Cheriton Alresford Hampshire SO24 0NG England T: +44 (0)1962 733051 F: +44 (0)1962 736426 E: [email protected] W: www.naturetrek.co.uk Tour Report Baja California & Sea of Cortez Tour Leader: Lee Morgan Naturetrek Naturalist Rob Nawojchik Local Naturalist M/V Searcher: Captain Aaron Remy Kenny Merrell, Cole Crafton, Joe Soares, Cameron Cribben, Charles Howell, Geri-Sue Kruse Participants: Dee Allbutt Mary Packwood Andy Smith Lisa Houghton-Smith Dawn Howsam Gail Perrins Ester Marciano Feldman Joseph Marciano Dara Reaper June Sparham Fernando Caldeira-Saraiva Ze Carrapichano Sandie Bates Dave Sharples Jennifer Sharples Martin Singfield Jane Appleton Phil Burgess Bev Burgess Ian Moore Geraldine Moore Elaine Clueit Alan Lester Catrin Lester Liz Leyden Day 1 Saturday 23rd March London to San Diego The group met at London Heathrow in the morning ready for departure. There was a delay because of snow and ice at Heathrow, then a connecting flight from Dallas, but we eventually arrived in San Diego early in the evening. A short shuttle bus journey to our hotel and we quickly checked into our rooms. After a long day of travel, most of the group took the chance of an early night. © Naturetrek July 13 1 Baja California & Sea of Cortez Tour Report Day 2 Sunday 24th March San Diego – Board M/VSearcher We awoke early to a sunny San Diego morning and while a few people ventured out for a pre-breakfast walk, by 9am most of the group were ready to go out and explore. -
Understanding the Behavioural Trade-Offs Made by Blue Wildebeest (Connochaetes Taurinus): the Importance of Resources, Predation and the Landscape
Understanding the behavioural trade-offs made by blue wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus): the importance of resources, predation and the landscape Rebecca Dannock Bachelor of Science (Hons) in Zoology A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at The University of Queensland in 2016 School of Biological Sciences Abstract Prey individuals must constantly make decisions regarding safety and resource acquisition to ensure that they acquire enough resources without being predated upon. These decisions result in a trade-off between resource acquisition behaviours (such as foraging and drinking) and safety behaviours (such as grouping and vigilance). This trade- off is likely to be affected by the social and environmental factors that an individual experiences, including the individual’s location in the landscape. The overall objective of my PhD was to understand the decisions a migratory ungulate makes in order to acquire enough resources, while not becoming prey, and to understand how these decisions are influenced by social and environmental factors. In order to do this, I studied the behaviour of blue wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus) in Etosha National Park, Namibia, between 2013 and 2015. I studied wildebeests’ behaviour while they acquired food and water and moved within the landscape. Along with observational studies, I also used lion (Panthera leo) roar playbacks to experimentally manipulate perceived predator presence to test wildebeests’ responses to immediate predation risk. For Chapter 2 I studied the foraging-vigilance trade-off of wildebeest to determine how social and environmental factors, including the location within the landscape, were correlated with wildebeests’ time spent foraging and vigilant as well as their bite rate.