EAZA Best Practices Guidelines for Elephants 2020
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Teacher Guide: Meet the Proboscideans
Teacher Guide: Meet the Proboscideans Concepts: • Living and extinct animals can be classified by their physical traits into families and species. • We can often infer what animals eat by the size and shape of their teeth. Learning objectives: • Students will learn about the relationship between extinct and extant proboscideans. • Students will closely examine the teeth of a mammoth, mastodon, and gomphothere and relate their observations to the animals’ diets. They will also contrast a human’s jaw and teeth to a mammoth’s. This is an excellent example of the principle of “form fits function” that occurs throughout biology. TEKS: Grade 5 § 112.16(b)7D, 9A, 10A Location: Hall of Geology & Paleontology (1st Floor) Time: 10 minutes for “Mammoth & Mastodon Teeth,” 5 minutes for “Comparing Human & Mammoth Teeth” Supplies: • Worksheet • Pencil • Clipboard Vocabulary: mammoth, mastodon, grazer, browser, tooth cusps, extant/extinct Pre-Visit: • Introduce students to the mammal group Proboscidea, using the Meet the Proboscideans worksheets. • Review geologic time, concentrating on the Pleistocene (“Ice Age”) when mammoths, mastodons, and gomphotheres lived in Texas. • Read a short background book on mammoths and mastodons with your students: – Mammoths and Mastodons: Titans of the Ice Age by Cheryl Bardoe, published in 2010 by Abrams Books for Young Readers, New York, NY. Post-Visit Classroom Activities: • Assign students a short research project on living proboscideans (African and Asian elephants) and their conservation statuses (use http://www.iucnredlist.org/). Discuss the possibilities of their extinction, and relate to the extinction events of mammoths and mastodons. Meet the Proboscideans Mammoths, Mastodons, and Gomphotheres are all members of Proboscidea (pro-bo-SID-ia), a group which gets its name from the word proboscis (the Latin word for nose), referring to their large trunks. -
States Symbols State/ Union Territories Motto Song Animal / Aquatic
States Symbols State/ Animal / Foundation Butterfly / Motto Song Bird Fish Flower Fruit Tree Union territories Aquatic Animal day Reptile Maa Telugu Rose-ringed Snakehead Blackbuck Common Mango సతవ జయే Thalliki parakeet Murrel Neem Andhra Pradesh (Antilope jasmine (Mangifera indica) 1 November Satyameva Jayate (To Our Mother (Coracias (Channa (Azadirachta indica) cervicapra) (Jasminum officinale) (Truth alone triumphs) Telugu) benghalensis) striata) सयमेव जयते Mithun Hornbill Hollong ( Dipterocarpus Arunachal Pradesh (Rhynchostylis retusa) 20 February Satyameva Jayate (Bos frontalis) (Buceros bicornis) macrocarpus) (Truth alone triumphs) Satyameva O Mur Apunar Desh Indian rhinoceros White-winged duck Foxtail orchid Hollong (Dipterocarpus Assam सयमेव जयते 2 December Jayate (Truth alone triumphs) (O My Endearing Country) (Rhinoceros unicornis) (Asarcornis scutulata) (Rhynchostylis retusa) macrocarpus) Mere Bharat Ke House Sparrow Kachnar Mango Bihar Kanth Haar Gaur (Mithun) Peepal tree (Ficus religiosa) 22 March (Passer domesticus) (Phanera variegata) (Mangifera indica) (The Garland of My India) Arpa Pairi Ke Dhar Satyameva Wild buffalo Hill myna Rhynchostylis Chhattisgarh सयमेव जयते (The Streams of Arpa Sal (Shorea robusta) 1 November (Bubalus bubalis) (Gracula religiosa) gigantea Jayate (Truth alone triumphs) and Pairi) सव भाण पयतु मा किच Coconut palm Cocos दुःखमानुयात् Ruby Throated Grey mullet/Shevtto Jasmine nucifera (State heritage tree)/ Goa Sarve bhadrāṇi paśyantu mā Gaur (Bos gaurus) Yellow Bulbul in Konkani 30 May (Plumeria rubra) -
The Childs Elephant Free Download
THE CHILDS ELEPHANT FREE DOWNLOAD Rachel Campbell-Johnston | 400 pages | 03 Apr 2014 | Random House Children's Publishers UK | 9780552571142 | English | London, United Kingdom Rachel Campbell-Johnston Penguin 85th by Coralie Bickford-Smith. Stocking Fillers. The Childs Elephant the other The Childs Elephant of the scale, when elephants eat in one location and defecate in another, they function as crucial dispersers of seeds; many plants, trees, The Childs Elephant bushes would have a hard time surviving if their seeds didn't feature on elephant menus. Share Flipboard Email. I cannot trumpet this book loudly enough. African elephants are much bigger, fully grown males approaching six or seven tons making them the earth's largest terrestrial mammalscompared to only four or five tons for Asian elephants. As big as they are, elephants have an outsize influence on their habitats, uprooting trees, trampling ground underfoot, and even deliberately enlarging water holes so they can take relaxing baths. Events Podcasts Penguin Newsletter Video. If only we could all be Jane Goodall or Dian Fossey, and move to the jungle or plains and thoroughly dedicate our lives to wildlife. For example, an elephant can use its trunk to shell a peanut without damaging the kernel nestled inside or to wipe debris from its eyes or other parts of its body. Elephants are polyandrous and The Childs Elephant mating happens year-round, whenever females are in estrus. Habitat and Range. Analytics cookies help us to improve our website by collecting and reporting information on how you use it. Biology Expert. Elephants are beloved creatures, but they aren't always fully understood by humans. -
Elephant Escapades Audience Activity Designed for 10 Years Old and Up
Elephant Escapades Audience Activity designed for 10 years old and up Goal Students will learn the differences between the African and Asian elephants, as well as, how their different adaptations help them survive in their habitats. Objective • To understand elephant adaptations • To identify the differences between African and Asian elephants Conservation Message Elephants play a major role in their habitats. They act as keystone species which means that other species depend on them and if elephants were removed from the ecosystem it would change drastically. It is important to understand these species and take efforts to encourage the preservation of African and Asian elephants and their habitats. Background Information Elephants are the largest living land animal; they can weigh between 6,000 and 12,000 pounds and stand up to 12 feet tall. There are only two species of elephants; the African Elephants and the Asian Elephant. The Asian elephant is native to parts of South and Southeast Asia. While the African elephant is native to the continent of Africa. While these two species are very different, they do share some common traits. For example, both elephant species have a trunk that can move in any direction and move heavy objects. An elephant’s trunk is a fusion, or combination, of the nose and upper lip and does not contain any bones. Their trunks have thousands of muscles and tendons that make movements precise and give the trunk amazing strength. Elephants use their trunks for snorkeling, smelling, eating, defending themselves, dusting and other activities that they perform daily. Another common feature that the two elephant species share are their feet. -
Asian Elephant, Listed As An
HUMAN ELEPHANT CONFLICT IN HOSUR FOREST DIVISION, TAMILNADU, INDIA Interim Report to Hosur Forest Division, Tamil Nadu Forest Department by N. Baskaran and P. Venkatesh ASIAN NATURE CONSERVATION FOUNDATION INNOVATION CENTRE FIRST FLOOR INDIAN INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE BANGALORE - 560 012, INDIA SEPTEMBER 2009 1 Section Title Page No. 1. INTRODUCTION 01 2. METHODS 08 2.1 Study area 08 2.2 Human Elephant Conflict 13 2.2.1. Evaluation of conflict status 13 2.2.2. Assessment on cropping pattern 13 2.2.3. Evaluation of human–elephant conflict mitigation measures 14 2.2.4. Use of GIS and remote sensing in Human–elephant conflict 14 3 OBSERVATIONS AND RESULTS 16 3.1. Status of human–elephant conflict 16 3.1.1. Crop damage by elephants 16 3.1.2. Human death by elephants 16 3.1.3. Crop damage in relation to month 18 3.1.4. Other damages caused by elephants 18 3.1.5. Spatial variation in crop damage 20 3.2. Causes of human–elephant conflict 24 3.2.1. Cropping pattern and its influence 24 3.2.2. Landscape attributes 29 3.2.3. Cattle grazing and its impact 29 3.3. Measures of conflict mitigation and their efficacy 31 4. DISCUSSION 35 5. SUMMARY 40 REFERENCES 1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We thank the Tamil Nadu Forest Department especially Mr. Sundarajan IFS Chief Wildlife Warden Tamil Nadu, Mr. V. Ganeshan IFS, District Forest Officer, Hosur Forest Division for readily permitting me to carryout this work and extending all supports for this study. I also thank all the Forest Range Officers, Foresters, Forest Guards and Forest Watchers in Hosur Forest Division for their support during my filed work. -
Newsletter March 2021
Dzanga Sangha Protected Areas © David Santiago Newsletter March 2021 Wildlife During the month of March, the UICN publicly announced two decisions concerning forest elephants. The first one was declaring the forest elephant (Loxodonta Cyclotis) an altogether different species, as until recently it was merely considered a subspecies. The second decision was declaring this species critically endangered. Dzanga Sangha remains for the moment one of the few places in all of Africa where the number of individuals has remained relatively stable in recent years, and it is also the place where they are most easily observed. The links attached below talk more about this subject. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/mar/25/shades-of-grey-how-to-tell-african-elephant-species-apart- aoe https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/mar/25/africas-forest-elephant-has-been-largely-overlooked-now- we-need-to-fight-for-it-aoe https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/both-african-elephant-species-are-now-endangered-one-critically https://citizen.co.za/news/south-africa/environment/2466472/african-elephant-status-change-a-wake-up-call-for- humans/ https://theconversation.com/new-decisions-by-global-conservation-group-bolster-efforts-to-save-africas-elephants- 158157 In the other hand, Terence Fuh, Head of Primate Habituation, Research and Monitoring for the DSPA has been listed among the top 100 Young African Conservation Leaders, out of the 565 nominations received from 425 youth organizations and networks which underwent a rigorous judging and verification process. https://top100youth.africa/ Over the last three years we have had a total of 4 gorillas babies born into the three habituated groups in DSPA. -
The African Bush Elephant Can Grow up to 13 Ft Tall and Weigh Almost 6 Tonnes
Introduction: Have you ever wondered what the largest land mammal is? The African bush elephant can grow up to 13 ft tall and weigh almost 6 tonnes. That is around the same weight as 6 small cars! If you would like to find out more about this magnificent creature, then read on! A labelled diagram of an African Elephant. Main Features: Most people think the elephant is just one species of animal. In fact, there are 3 species of elephant; the African bush elephant, the African forest elephant, and the Asian elephant. All elephants have large ears in order to help release excess body heat into the air. Additionally, their trunk is used for a variety of purposes. It helps elephants to breathe, smell, hold things, touch and produce the famous elephant trumpeting! Despite elephants being generally calm and peaceful, elephants can be extremely dangerous. Their tusks, which are made of ivory, are used to dig, move branches, and fight. Diet: Although they are an enormous animal, elephants are herbivores. Their main diet includes tree bark, flowers, leaves, wild fruits and twigs. Due to their size, adult elephants must consume around 150-170kg of food every day! Current Status: Unfortunately, some people poach elephants in order to take their tusks, which are made from a precious material called ivory. The ivory is then used to produce ornaments, jewellery, or other expensive objects. Elephant poaching was banned worldwide in 1990, but elephants are still being hunted down ille- gally. According to the WWF, around 55 African elephants are killed for their tusks every day. -
Asian Elephant • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• • • • • • • • Elephas Maximus
Asian elephant • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• • • • • • • • Elephas maximus Classification What groups does this organism belong to based on characteristics shared with other organisms? Class: Mammalia (all mammals) Order: Proboscidea (large tusked and trunked mammals) Family: Elephantidae (elephants and related extinct species) Genus: Elephas (Asian elephants and related extinct species) Species: maximus (Asian elephant) Distribution Where in the world does this species live? Most Asian elephants live in India, Sri Lanka, and Thailand with small populations in Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, China, Myanmar, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, Malaysia, Sumatra, and Borneo. Habitat What kinds of areas does this species live in? They are considered forest animals, but are found in a variety of habitats including tropical grasslands and forests, preferring areas with open grassy glades within the forest. Most live below 10,000 feet (3,000m) elevation although elephants living near the Himalayas will move higher into the mountains to escape hot weather. Physical Description How would this animal’s body shape and size be described? • Asian elephants are the largest land animal on the Asian continent. • Males’ height at the shoulder ranges from eight to ten feet (2.4-3m); they weigh between 7,000 and 13,250 pounds (3500-6000kg). • Females are between six and eight feet tall (1.95-2.4m) at the shoulder and weigh between 4,400 and 7,000 pounds (2500-3500kg). • Their skin is dark gray with freckled pink patches and sparse hair; the skin ranges from very thin at the ears to one inch thick (2.54cm) on the back. • Their most prominent feature is a long trunk that has a single finger on the upper edge. -
Elephant Ivory, Zoos, and Extinction in the Age of Imperialism
East and West This enduring fascination with elephants turned their bodies into colonial trophies, dead or alive. While captive elephants were the hallmarks of European zoological collections, ivory RESEARCH TOPICS became a luxurious commodity and an expression of wealth. At the turn of the twentieth century, patterns of ivory consumption were closely connected to the growing middle-class in Europe and the United States. As a status symbol ivory signaled elevation in social rank, N°63 especially for those whose belonging to European culture or even whiteness was in doubt. Thus, recording consumer desire for ivory in Eastern Europe, a region that, on the one hand, largely “missed out” on securing its own African or Asian colonies, but one that nevertheless nurtured colonial longings, reveals close links between social constructions of race, colonial commerce, and animal bodies. For the re- gion caught between the constructions of “progressive Elephant Ivory, Zoos, and West” and “backwards East,” the elephant body served as a material link between the mystical Orient and the Extinction in the Age of colonial Empire, and helped to measure the differenc- es of savagery and civilization. Imperialism (1870s–1940s) 04 A pair of porcelain perfume bottles placed As part of Department III’s research theme “The Body by Marianna Szczygielska on an ivory stand. First half of the 19th century. of Animals,” this project offers a unique insight into JULY 2019 Source: RDW MIC, Virtual Małopolska project. a physical presence of colonial imperialism in an area without overseas colonies. Tracing elephant lives, deaths, and afterlives, all entwined with stories of their keepers, trainers and veterinarians, uncovers a variety of scientific practices and technologies behind the exotic animal trade. -
Distinguishing Extant Elephants Ivory from Mammoth Ivory Using a Short
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Distinguishing extant elephants ivory from mammoth ivory using a short sequence of cytochrome b gene Jacob Njaramba Ngatia1, Tian Ming Lan2,3,4, Yue Ma1,5, Thi Dao Dinh1, Zhen Wang1,5, Thomas D. Dahmer6 & Yan Chun Xu1,5,7* Trade in ivory from extant elephant species namely Asian elephant (Elephas maximus), African savanna elephant (Loxodonta africana) and African forest elephant (Loxodonta cyclotis) is regulated internationally, while the trade in ivory from extinct species of Elephantidae, including woolly mammoth, is unregulated. This distinction creates opportunity for laundering and trading elephant ivory as mammoth ivory. The existing morphological and molecular genetics methods do not reliably distinguish the source of ivory items that lack clear identifcation characteristics or for which the quality of extracted DNA cannot support amplifcation of large gene fragments. We present a PCR-sequencing method based on 116 bp target sequence of the cytochrome b gene to specifcally amplify elephantid DNA while simultaneously excluding non-elephantid species and ivory substitutes, and while avoiding contamination by human DNA. The partial Cytochrome b gene sequence enabled accurate association of ivory samples with their species of origin for all three extant elephants and from mammoth. The detection limit of the PCR system was as low as 10 copy numbers of target DNA. The amplifcation and sequencing success reached 96.7% for woolly mammoth ivory and 100% for African savanna elephant and African forest elephant ivory. This is the frst validated method for distinguishing elephant from mammoth ivory and it provides forensic support for investigation of ivory laundering cases. -
Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission Seattlenwf
THE FUR SEALS AND OTHER LIFE OF THE PRIBILOF ISLANDS, ALASKA, IN 1914 By Wilfred H. Osgood, Edward A. Preble, and George H. Parker I Blank page retained for pagination CONTENTS. Palll!. LgTTERS OF TRANSMITTAL........•...........'............................................. II LETTER OF SUBMITTAL................... ................................................. 12 INTRODUCTION............... .. 13 Personnel and instructions. ............................................................. 13 Investigations by Canada and Japan... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. IS Itinerary , .. " . .. IS Impartial nature of the investigation " '" . 16 Acknowledgments................. 16 THg PRIBILOF ISLANDS..................................................................... 17 General description...................... .. 17 Vegetation. 18 Climate............. 18 CHARACTER AND HABITS OF THE FUR SEAL IN BRIEF....... ................................. 18 G'eneral characteristics. ................ .. .............................................. 18 Range.................................................................................. 18 , Breeding habits ; ........................ 19 Habits of bachelors : ......................... 20 Age of seals... ;. ....................................................................... 20 SEALING HISTORY IN BRIEF................................................................. 21 Russian management " .. .. 21 American occupation and the leasing system : . .. ... 21 The growth of pelagic sealing , "".. .. .. .. 22 The Paris Tribunal -
MOVEMENTS, HABITAT USE, and ACTIVITY PATTERNS of a TRANSLOCATED GROUP of ROOSEVELT ELK by Matthew Mccoy a Thesis Prese
MOVEMENTS, HABITAT USE, AND ACTIVITY PATTERNS OF A TRANSLOCATED GROUP OF ROOSEVELT ELK by Matthew McCoy A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of Humboldt State University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science June, 1 986 MOVEMENTS, HABITAT USE, AND ACTIVITY PATTERNS OF A TRANSLOCATED GROUP OF ROOSEVELT ELK by Matthew McCoy A F gam Director, Natural Resources Graduate Program 86/W-66/06/10 Natural Resources Graduate Program Number Ala M. Gillespi9( ABSTRACT In March 1982, 17 Roosevelt elk (Cervus elaphus roosevelti) were captured at Gold Bluffs Beach, Humboldt County, California and translocated to an enclosure 4 km east of Shelter Cove, Humboldt County. The animals were released from the enclosure in November 1982. Data were collected for eight radio-collared animals (seven adult females and one 4-year old male) January to December 1983. The number of herds varied from one (January through March) to four (October through December). Three female herds moved 45 km, 58 km, and 84 km south of Shelter Cove, while the radio-collared male remained within 16 km of Shelter Cove. Home range locations varied seasonally. Home range sizes were largest during the summer reflecting migrational and exploratory movements. Habitat use was disproportionate to habitat availability at the home range level during each season. Cultivated grasslands and riparian areas were used in proportions greater than their availability. Coastal Prairie use was greater than that available except in the Shelter Cove area. Shrub and forest habitat types were generally used less than that available. Animal distances to nearest road and water varied seasonally, but were greatest for radio-collared females during the spring.