DOCSLIB.ORG

Resource Allocation Algorithms Design for 5G Wireless Networks

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Resource Allocation Algorithms Design for 5G Wireless Networks Resource Allocation Algorithms Design for 5G Wireless Networks Vincent Wong Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The University of British Columbia November 5, 2016 0 5G Overview User Data Rate 1000K E2E Latency 0.1 – 1 Gbps Connections/km2 < 10 ms UHD 3D M2M Smart Home Video Devices Industry Augmented Wearables e-Health Reality Energy Mobile Smart Cloud Phones Transportation Traffic Devices Applications 1 3GPP Use Cases § Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) Devices Applications Requirements • Smart Phones • UHD 3D Video • Peak Data Rate • Tablets Streaming ~ Tens of Gbps • Virtual / Augmented • User Data Rate Reality ~ 0.1-1 Gbps • Mobile Cloud / Cloud Gaming 2 3GPP Use Cases § Massive Machine-type Communications (mMTC) Devices Applications Requirements • Wearables • Home Automation • High Connection • Smart Home • Intelligent Density ~ 1000K Transportation Appliances Devices per km2 Systems • Smart Traffic Signs • Asset Tracking • Extended Battery / Lights • Environmental Lifetime ~ 15 • Sensors Monitoring Years 3 3GPP Use Cases § Ultra-Reliable Low Latency Communications (URLLC) Devices Applications Requirements • Autonomous • e-Health • High Reliability Vehicles Rate ~ 0.99999 • Health Monitoring • Industrial Devices Automation • Low E2E Latency • Remote Surgery • Autonomous ~ < 10 ms Robotics Driving • Industrial Sensors and Actuators 4 Key Technologies Filling the Gap 5 5G Network Architecture 6 Cloud Radio Access Network (C-RAN) Architecture UE RRH BBU pool optical fiber C2 C4 C5 C6 C1 2 C3 4 1 6 5 3 § Decouple the baseband unit (BBU) and the remote radio head (RRH) § Place BBUs in a data center for centralized control and processing § Reduce CAPEX and OPEX for system upgrade and maintenance § Improve spectral efficiency via centralized interference control and coordinated multi-point transmission (CoMP) 7 Network Slicing Resource Management Algorithm eMBB URLLC mMTC Slice 1 Slice 2 Slice 3 Slice 4 Slice 5 Slice N – 2 Slice N – 1 Slice N Service Service Service Provider A Provider B Provider C UHD Cloud E-Health V2V Video Gaming Environmental Monitoring § Enables flexible and dynamic slicing of network resources 8 Problem Statement 1: User-Centric Resource Sharing for C-RAN § Goal o Quality of service guarantee o Service isolation o Traffic variation, user mobility § Given o Set of service providers o Capacity of fronthaul links § Variables o Time slot, channel allocation o User association § Techniques o Mixed integer non-linear programming § Multi-timescale resource allocation o Global (local) resource allocation at longer (smaller) time scale 9 Problem Statement 2: Beamforming Design in C-RAN § Goal UE o Maximize users’ satisfaction RRH BBU pool o SINR and power constraints optical fiber C2 § Given C4 C5 C6 C1 o Set of users and RRHs 2 C o Capacity of fronthaul links 3 4 1 6 o Imperfect CSI 5 3 § Variables o Beamforming vector for each user § Techniques o Non-linear programming o Convex relaxation o Semidefinite programming 10 Problem Statement 3: Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) for Narrowband IoT Systems § Goal o Maximize connection density § Given o Set of mMTC, URLLC devices o NB-IoT specification o Latency and power requirement § Variables o Sub-carrier allocation o Transmit power § Techniques o Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) o Combinatorial optimization 11 Sample Publications in Wireless Networking in 2016 § B. Niu et al., “A Dynamic Resource Sharing Mechanism for Cloud Radio Access Networks,” IEEE Trans. on Wireless Communications, 2016. § Z. Wang et al., “How to Download More Data from Neighbors? A Metric for D2D Data Offloading Opportunity,” IEEE Trans. on Mobile Computing, 2016. § B. Ma et al., “Multimedia Content Delivery in Millimeter Wave Home Networks,” IEEE Trans. on Wireless Communications, 2016. § S. Duan et al., “D-ACB: Adaptive Congestion Control Algorithm for Bursty M2M Traffic in LTE Networks,” IEEE Trans. on Vehicular Technology, 2016. § L. Xiang et al., “Cache-Enabled Physical-Layer Security for Video Streaming in Wireless Networks with Limited Backhauls,” in Proc. of IEEE GLOBECOM Workshop, Dec. 2016. § Z. Wang et al., “Transmit Beamforming for QoE Improvement in C-RAN with Mobile Virtual Network Operators,” in Proc. of IEEE Int’l Conf. on Communications (ICC), May 2016. § B. Ma et al., “A Matching Approach for Power Efficient Relay Selection in Full Duplex D2D Networks,” in Proc. of IEEE Int’l Conf. on Communications (ICC), May 2016. http://www.ece.ubc.ca/~vincentw/Homepage/Publication.html 12 Forthcoming Edited Book in 5G Wireless Systems EDITED BY: VINCENT W. S. WONG ROBERT SCHOBER DERRICK WING KWAN NG LI-CHUN WANG KEY TECHNOLOGIES FOR 5G § Publisher: Cambridge University Press WIRELESS SYSTEMS § Hard copy will be available in April 2017 13 Questions [email protected] http://www.ece.ubc.ca/~vincentw 14.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • DELL TECHNOLOGIES and 5G Analysis and Strategy to Capture the 5G Mobile Opportunity
    DELL TECHNOLOGIES AND 5G Analysis and strategy to capture the 5G mobile opportunity November 2019 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................................................3 THE DELL TECHNOLOGIES 5G STRATEGY ..........................................................................................................................4 1. INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................................................6 1.1 5G NEW DEMANDS ..............................................................................................................................................7 1.2 NEW TRAFFIC TYPES...........................................................................................................................................7 1.3 IOT ...........................................................................................................................................................................7 1.4 AR/VR .....................................................................................................................................................................9 1.5 MISSION-CRITICAL. ........................................................................................................................................... 10 1.6 ENHANCED MOBILE BROADBAND ...............................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Easy Remote Testing of Radiohead Operation with CPRI and OBSAI
    VIAVI Solutions Brochure VIAVI T-BERD/MTS-5800 Platform Easy Remote Testing of Radiohead Operation with CPRI and OBSAI With the current mobile backhaul transition to small-cell deployments, field technicians (of service providers and wireless NEM contractors) must verify and install CPRI/OBSAI links between the remote radio head (RRH) and baseband unit (BBU). Applications range from verifying connectivity, emulating the CPRI/OBSAI protocol, and installing links to troubleshooting CPRI connectivity and ensuring there are no code violations, BER errors, and/or framing issues. The T-BERD/MTS-5800 is a portable field test instrument capable of Key Features testing CPRI/OBSAI transport links. CPRI and OBSAI test options save y Integrates installation tools and advanced troubleshooting analysis in single test hours of troubleshooting by enabling installation with BER testing and instrument performing link delay measurements, thereby ensuring proper handoffs y enables upgrading in-field with functionality for OTDR, COSA or for time-sensitive and service-critical applications such as LTE. Timing/Sync measurements y y Leading field network install platform for Customers can lower CapEx with a modular, field-upgradeable 614M Mbps to 10137 Mbps CPRI and tester that can seamlessly expand to future technologies like CPRI/ 768 Mbps to 6144 Mbps OBSAI interfaces y Verifies CRAN networks carrying OBSAI and the existing Ethernet backhaul technologies like Ethernet, CPRI/OBSAI over dark fiber or xWDM links Ethernet OAM, PDH, 1588v2/PTP, and SyncE. over several miles with BER and roudtrip delay tests in CPRI/OBSAI y To promote an efficient service and network-management life cycle, y Verify RRH remotely with CPRI/OBSAI layer 2 frame sync and roundtripdelay the solution integrates installation tools and advanced measurements troubleshooting analysis in a single test instrument.
    [Show full text]
  • Development of High Efficiency Amplifier for Cellular Base Stations
    INFORMATION & COMMUNICATIONS Development of High Efficiency Amplifier for Cellular Base Stations Hitoshi HIRATA*, Kazuyuki TOTANI, Takashi MAEHATA, Tatsuhiro SHIMURA, Masayuki TAKE, Yorinao KUROKAWA, Masahiko ONISHI, Yuuki ADA and Yoshitsugu HIRATA Demand for wireless communications by cellular phones and other wireless communication means is increasing dramat- ically; data traffic in 2015 is expected to be 10 times that in 2008. To meet such increasing demand, many telecommuni- cation carriers are planning to replace their second-generation systems with third- or future-generation systems. One major problem to be resolved before upgrading the current systems is how to minimize the power increase associated with high data rate and system bandwidth broadening. In such circumstances we have developed a new technology that can dramatically reduce the power consumption of high power amplifiers, which comprise the majority of power consumed at cellular phone base stations. We successfully incorporated this technology into trial products of remote radio heads for base station use. These trial products achieved the industry’s highest level of power efficiency. Keywords: wireless, cellular, amplifier, envelop tracking, efficiency 1. Introduction 2. Technology for Improving High-Power Amplifier Efficiency The popularity of cellular phones and other wireless communication means is growing rapidly. The number of Studies to improve power amplifier efficiency date far cellular phone subscribers in Japan exceeded 100 million back to the time of AM broadcasting, but with wireless in 2007, which suggests many Japanese people currently communication equipment, typified by cellular phones, use two or more cellular phones. The introduction of flat- now growing in popularity at an unprecedented pace, rate data communication and other user-beneficial services these studies have rapidly moved into the spotlight.
    [Show full text]
  • Timing and Synchronisation Challenges in Wireless Infrastructure
    Timing & Synchronization in Wireless Infrastructure Harpinder Singh Matharu Senior Product Manager, Comms Division, Xilinx 11/4/2010 © Copyright 2010 Xilinx Topics . Wireless Infrastructure Market Trends . Timing & Synchronization in Base stations . Challenges & Opportunities © Copyright 2010 Xilinx Page 2 Mobile Network witnessing rapid growth Trend • Heterogeneous Network Mobile Traditional Network Investment – 80% Network– • Backhauling & Synchronization 20% a challenge © Copyright 2010 Xilinx Page 3 Revenue & CAPEX/ OPEX disparity Lower Cost CAPEX/OPEX per bit New Business Models Revenue Rapid increase in Data Traffic Expenditure / Revenue Expenditure 2G (GSM/CDMA/UMTS) +3G/4G (HSPA, WiMAX, LTE, LTE Advanced) Time • Maximizing spectrum utilization • Ease of network deployment & management • Leveraging value/ intelligence in the network © Copyright 2010 Xilinx Page 4 Base station Architectural shift Mast Mast Mounted Mounted RRH RRH CPRI/ OBSAI Traditional CPRI/ OBSAI CPRI/ OBSAI Centralized BTS Remote Radio Heads Shift from co-located to distributed BTS Architecture © Copyright 2010 Xilinx Remote Radio Heads enable Power Savings Antenna Array Antenna Array X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Remote Radio Head X X X X X X X X X X After feeder loss No Feeder loss Radio Cards Channel Cards Power received – 30 W PA – 30W Channel Cards Coaxial Feeder Cable Fiber • Short length • Long haul • ~3dB Loss • No Loss Power Available – 60 W Distributed Base Station Traditional Base Station Significant CAPEX/ OPEX Impact Remote Radio Heads Cabinet (RRH) Fiber replaces Coaxial Cable for significant CAPEX/ OPEX Savings © Copyright 2010 Xilinx Standardization of Radio Interface BASEBAND REMOTE RADIO HEAD ANALOG CARD N LAYER 2 & 3 + NIC LAYER 1 - PHY E T W O R K B A C DIGITAL FRONT END K H A CONTROL CARD U L FIBER CPRI/OBSAI INTERFACE © Copyright 2010 Xilinx Page 7 Radio Interface Standards – Drivers & Benefits .
    [Show full text]
  • Radiocomp Announces Industry's First Protocol
    Radiocomp Announces Industry’s First Protocol-Agnostic Remote Radio Head Unit For LTE Radio Infrastructure Radiocomp’s CPRI 4.0 & OBSAI 4.0 capable LTE Remote Radio Head features PMC-Sierra’s Wireless Mixed Signal solutions and Radiocomp technology (March 11, 2009) Radiocomp, a leading provider of state-of-the-art LTE and WiMAX infrastructure solutions and components, has developed the world’s first protocol-agnostic remote radio head (RRH) for mass deployment of LTE infrastructure. Radiocomp is using PMC-Sierra’s PM7832 BRICTM 2 interface controller to implement a unique multi-mode RRH platform that supports both CPRI (v2.1, V3.0, & V4.0) and OBSAI RP3-01 v.4.0 protocols. “PMC-Sierra’s technology enables our LTE and WiMAX remote radio heads, as well as our Local Converter platform for base stations, to support both CPRI and OBSAI RRH protocols. Our Local Converter card seamlessly interconnects to any DSP vendor’s solution, making it a key enabler for quick deployment of RRH solutions with new and legacy base stations,” says Christian Lanzani, Senior Product Manager for Radiocomp. “PMC-Sierra’s BRIC 2 and BRIC 6 chipsets enable implementation of protocol-agnostic, multi-mode remote radio heads,” says Babak Samimi, director of strategic marketing of PMC-Sierra’s Communication Products Division. “Multi-mode architectures are the most efficient way to deploy 3G and 4G networks, and we’re pleased to be working with Radiocomp to bring this capability to the market.” The benefits of protocol-agnostic RRHs include simplified logistics and greater production volumes, leading to lower cost of ownership for Carriers.
    [Show full text]
  • The Emerging Need for Fronthaul Compression.Pdf
    The Emerging Need for Fronthaul Compression David Brubaker, Strategic Marketing Manager, Altera, Now Part of Intel Wei Qian, FAE Manager, Altera, Now Part of Intel Melissa Sussmann, Solutions Marketing Manager, Altera, Now Part of Intel Yoshifumi Takafuji, Field Application Engineer (FAE), Altera, Now Part of Intel Mohammad Akhter, Architecture Director, IDT Trevor Hiatt, Product Manager, IDT WP-01265-1.0 White Paper The Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI) standard has shown a significant increase in bandwidth requirements as carrier aggregation and multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) features of LTE-A are deployed. With maximum line rates at 24 Gbps and an increase in bandwidth requirements, compression techniques become a necessary part of CPRI core moving into the 4.5G and 5G era. This paper reviews the increase in requirements since 2006 (3G era) to 2016 (4.5G era). Even a maximum of 24 Gbps line rate will not have enough capacity in the near future to service the maximum downlink speeds defined by 3GPP R12 and techniques like compression are necessary today. In the case of LTE-A CPRI, compression will enable the fronthaul network to support LTE-A with minimal impact on the optics and fiber network. This white paper then reviews two viable compression technology offerings from Altera and IDT. Introduction First and second generation (1G and 2G) wireless Base Transceiver Station (BTS) systems had all functions such as radio frequency (RF), baseband, and power supply in a cabinet. Usually these systems require building space equipped with uninterruptible power supplies and cooling and network backhaul access, which restrict locations and made deployment of a cell-site expensive because each site require full infrastructure.
    [Show full text]
  • Protection of Cell Sites (4G/LTE)
    Information and Communication Technology Technical Protection of cell sites (4G/LTE) Information from DEHN Protection Systems With the commercial introduction of UMTS technology in 2003, mobile data communication gained in importance besides voice communication. As the demand for data volumes grew, so did the global demand for bandwidth. The increasing use of smartphones and was originally integrated centrally in the de vices from being damaged or even other mobile terminal equipment has lead base station. The high frequency signal is destroyed. to a significantly higher utilisation of existing directly generated at the antenna and is Figs. 2 and 3 show radio towers with isolated conventional mobile networks. then transmitted. Therefore, the RRHs/RRUs air termi nation systems. The motivation for mobile network operators are installed directly at the antennas, thus to rely on mo dern and innovative technology reducing loss and increasing the transmission The air termination tip must be insulated when is the high investment costs for new network speed. Another benefit is that less air­ attached to the radio tower by means of a infrastructures and system technology as well conditioning systems are required due to supporting tube made of non­conductive as high maintenance and operating costs the self­cooling of the remote radio heads. material. The height of the air termination tip for existing cell sites. Their aim is to efficiently Optical fibre cables allow the transmission of depends on the radio tower and possible reduce maintenance and operating costs data between the base station/radio base electrical equipment of the antenna system and to considerably increase the availability station and the re mote radio heads/units up to and radio base station (RBS) to integrate and reliability of cell sites for an ever growing 20 km.
    [Show full text]
  • Advanced Antenna Technology
    1/135 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. BACKGROUND AND SCOPE OF WHITEPAPER ........................................................................................... 14 2. BASE STATION ANTENNA EVOLUTION ........................................................................................................ 19 2.1. EARLY TECHNOLOGY ........................................................................................................................................... 19 2.2. CURRENT TECHNOLOGY ....................................................................................................................................... 20 2.2.1. Extensive Usage ................................................................................................................................. 20 2.2.2. Moderate Usage ................................................................................................................................. 21 2.2.3. Advanced Antenna Technology .......................................................................................................... 22 2.2.4. MIMO Systems ................................................................................................................................... 23 2.2.5. Reconfigurable Beam Antenna ........................................................................................................... 24 2.2.6. Active Antenna .................................................................................................................................... 25 2.3. COMPARISON TABLE—ANTENNA
    [Show full text]
  • Tutorial: Designing to Evolving Lte Advanced Pro and Pre-5G Requirements
    TUTORIAL: DESIGNING TO EVOLVING LTE ADVANCED PRO AND PRE-5G REQUIREMENTS Practical Deployment Considerations Dr. Ghobad Heidari, President, GHB Intellect Cary David Snyder, Mobile Fronthaul Architect, e2e5G.Tech Dr. Raghu M. Rao, Principle Architect, Xilinx Inc. Dr. Yogendra Shah, Senior Director, Interdigital Communications http://ghbintellect.com/subject-matter-experts/expert-profiles/ [email protected] Outline • Introduction and Outline • Business Drivers • Network Architecture Evolution • Practical Deployment Considerations • Security Considerations • IP & Design Considerations • Q&A SPEAKERS – GHB Intellect SUBJECT-MATTER EXPERTS Dr. Ghobad Heidari President, GHB Intellect | On Brax.Me or [email protected] | GHBIntellect.com | Twitter @GHB_Intellect Cary David Snyder Mobile Fronthaul Architect, e2e 5G Technology | On Brax.Me or [email protected] | E2E5G.Tech | Twitter @e2e5GT Dr. Raghu Rao Principal Architect, Xilinx Inc. | On Brax.Me or [email protected] | Xilinx.com | Twitter @XilinxInc Dr. Yogendra Shah Senior Director, Interdigital Communications | On Brax.Me or [email protected] | InterDigital.com | Twitter @InterDigitalCom Outline • Introduction and Outline • Business Drivers • Network Architecture Evolution • Practical Deployment Considerations • Security Considerations • IP & Design Considerations • Q&A Outdoor & Indoor Use Cases Drive 5G High Traffic Volume, Low Latency, Massive Connectivity – Required by all but vary by use case SHOPPING MALL DENSE URBAN INFO SOCIETY REALTIME REMOTE COMPUTING OPEN AIR
    [Show full text]
  • 2 Ghz and 3 Ghz Cnranger Remote Radio Head (RRH)
    DATA SHEET 2 GHz and 3 GHz cnRanger Remote Radio Head (RRH) quick look: The cnRanger™ Fixed LTE wireless platform from Cambium Networks substantially increases range and coverage, while reducing the cost and complexity typically associated with LTE networks. • High Power Remote Radio Head (RRH) works through dense foliage where EIRP-limited 5 GHz is not an option. • Fully managed and controlled by Baseband Unit (BBU) • 2 LTE carrier support* Product Model 2 GHz Remote Radio Head (RRH) 220 3 GHz Remote Radio Head (RRH) 210 Model Numbers LTE-RRH-220 3LTE-RRH-210 Spectrum 2 GHz Remote Radio Head (RRH) 220 3 GHz Remote Radio Head (RRH) 210 Frequency Range 2300 - 2700 MHz, Bands 38, 40, 41 3400 - 3800 MHz, Bands 42, 43, 48 Channel Width 5 MHz*, 10 MHz, 15 MHz, 20 MHz 5 MHz*, 10 MHz, 15 MHz, 20 MHz ©2021 Cambium Networks, Ltd 1 CambiumNetworks.com DATA SHEET 2 GHz and 3 GHz cnRanger SPalisade Remote Radio Head (RRH) Specifications Interface 2 GHz Remote Radio Head (RRH) 220 3 GHz Remote Radio Head (RRH) 210 MAC (Media Access Control) TDD-LTE Advanced Release 10 TDD-LTE Advanced Release 10 Layer Physical Layer 2x2 MIMO OFDMA, SC-FDMA 2x2 MIMO OFDMA, SC-FDMA BBU Interface SFP / CPRI v4.2 SFP / CPRI v4.2 Link Budget 2 GHz Remote Radio Head (RRH) 220 3 GHz Remote Radio Head (RRH) 210 Transit Power Range 42 dB dynamic range (1 dB step) 42 dB dynamic range (1 dB step) Maximum Transmit Power 33 dBm per chain, 36 dBm combined 30 dBm per chain, 33 dBm combined Physical 2 GHz Remote Radio Head (RRH) 220 3 GHz Remote Radio Head (RRH) 210 Antenna Connection
    [Show full text]
  • Tyco Electronics Ltd
    RUFIS Remote Radio Head (RRH) Unit Field Installation System Ease your transition towards next generation base stations Introduction Remote Radio Heads improve efficiency of next generation wireless base stations while introducing new installation challenges What is a Remote Radio Head? • Unlike coax-based base stations, in a distributed architecture the base band equipment is separated from the radio equipment (so called Remote Radio Head or RRH) and connected through a fiber link • The RRH is the radio equipment, that includes filters and amplifiers, that is installed outdoors, as close as possible to the antenna Why use Remote Radio Heads? • Reduced power consumption by avoiding the 3dB power loss typical of the coax cable • Higher capacity available due to better signal to noise ratio • Cleaner and easier to install than bulky and heavy coax cables What are the current challenges for installing and maintaining an RRH? •For the fiber and power cables, need to splice on the field or pre-plan and use pre-connectorized cables • Needs fiber and electrical experts for installation and maintenance who are capable/certified to climb the pole/tower/mast • A change in RRH connector (e.g. new OEM release) requires to pull a new riser cable (from Base Band Unit to the tower top) • New riser cables are required for sector capacity increase or upgrade to LTE • The skills of the installers have a strong impact on overall site reliability and quality Is there a lightning risk for Remote Radio Heads? • ITU-T recommendation K.56 suggests a protection
    [Show full text]
  • A Baseband Wireless Spectrum Hypervisor for Multiplexing Concurrent OFDM Signals
    sensors Article A Baseband Wireless Spectrum Hypervisor for Multiplexing Concurrent OFDM Signals Felipe A. P. de Figueiredo 1,2,* , Ruben Mennes 3 , Irfan Jabandži´c 1 , Xianjun Jiao 1 and Ingrid Moerman 1 1 IDLab, Department of Information Technology at Ghent University–IMEC, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; [email protected] (I.J.); [email protected] (X.J.); [email protected] (I.M.) 2 Instituto Nacional de Telecomunicações–INATEL, Santa Rita do Sapucaí 37540-000, MG, Brazil 3 Department of Computer Science, University of Antwerp–IMEC, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 21 January 2020; Accepted: 14 February 2020; Published: 17 February 2020 Abstract: The next generation of wireless and mobile networks will have to handle a significant increase in traffic load compared to the current ones. This situation calls for novel ways to increase the spectral efficiency. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a wireless spectrum hypervisor architecture that abstracts a radio frequency (RF) front-end into a configurable number of virtual RF front ends. The proposed architecture has the ability to enable flexible spectrum access in existing wireless and mobile networks, which is a challenging task due to the limited spectrum programmability, i.e., the capability a system has to change the spectral properties of a given signal to fit an arbitrary frequency allocation. The proposed architecture is a non-intrusive and highly optimized wireless hypervisor that multiplexes the signals of several different and concurrent multi-carrier-based radio access technologies with numerologies that are multiple integers of one another, which are also referred in our work as radio access technologies with correlated numerology.
    [Show full text]