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Report of the International Narcotics Control Board for 2007 E/INCB/2007/1 the Government that the only legal uses of coca leaf chemicals used in the illicit manufacture of foreseen in the 1961 Convention are for medical or methamphetamine have been seized in the region. scientific purposes or for the manufacturing of a 492. The abuse of ATS, methamphetamine in flavouring agent from which all alkaloids have been particular, is also increasing throughout East and removed. The Board requests the Government of Peru South-East Asia. The increasing rate of abuse of heroin to take steps to abolish as soon as possible activities and methamphetamine by injection is contributing to that are not in line with those provisions. the spread of HIV/AIDS in the region. In several 490. The Board was impressed by the efforts countries in the region, a large percentage of the HIV undertaken to address the low availability of analgesics infections has been attributed to drug abuse by in Peru. The Board notes that mandatory reporting on injection. In order to combat the spread of HIV/AIDS the licit movement of narcotic drugs, psychotropic through drug abuse by injection, Governments are substances and precursors in Peru has improved. taking action at both the national level and the regional However, the Government should increase its capacity level. for inspection, in order to prevent the diversion of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances from licit Regional cooperation sources and improve the control of precursor chemicals 493. The countries in East and South-East Asia further, in view of the continued availability of those continued to work together in the area of drug control substances for the illicit manufacture of drugs. With through regional organizations such as the Association regard to interdiction efforts, coordination between the of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), as well as agencies involved should be strengthened. The Board through bilateral and multilateral channels. encourages the Government to strengthen the cooperation of its national law enforcement agency 494. The twelfth ASEAN Summit was held in Cebu, with its counterparts in Africa and Europe, in view of Philippines, in January 2007. Participating countries the current trafficking routes and links with criminal agreed to continue to take collective action to address organizations in those regions. With respect to demand the challenges posed by regional and international reduction, the Board notes with satisfaction the action issues such as transnational crime, including drug taken to assess the extent and type of drug abuse, to control. prevent such abuse and to treat drug abusers and 495. Task Forces of the ASEAN and China reintegrate them into society. The Government should Cooperative Operations in Response to Dangerous continue expanding its efforts to reverse the increasing Drugs (ACCORD) held a number of meetings in 2007: trend in drug abuse, including by offering treatment the Task Force on Civic Awareness and the Task Force services to the affected segments of society. on Demand Reduction held meetings in Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam, from 30 July to C. Asia 1 August; and the Task Force on Law Enforcement and the Task Force on Alternative Development held East and South-East Asia meetings in Yangon in July. The annual meetings bring together the ASEAN member States and China, as well Major developments as UNODC and the ASEAN secretariat, to share information, monitor progress and prioritize areas for 491. The region of East and South-East Asia is no future activities. longer a major source of illicit opium poppy cultivation. However, some illicit manufacture of 496. Critical issues addressed at the meetings in 2007 heroin remains in the region, and several laboratories included ways to improve the evaluation of the impact involved in the clandestine conversion of cocaine of public awareness campaigns; the emergence of ATS hydrochloride to “crack” have been dismantled. Illicit as a major drug of addiction; substitution therapy for manufacture of and trafficking in ATS is increasing in opioid addicts; priority issues related to drug abuse by countries throughout the region, such as Cambodia, injection and HIV; treatment modalities for ATS abuse China and Myanmar. Large amounts of precursor as well as regional intelligence-sharing; clandestine 76 E/INCB/2007/1 drug laboratory seizure and clean-up issues; and the 500. The annual study programme on drug abuse and cultivation of cannabis plants. narcotics control was held in Tokyo in June 2007. Participants from a number of countries, including 497. The twenty-seventh annual ASEAN Chiefs of Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Police (ASEANAPOL) Conference was held in Thailand and Viet Nam, exchanged information on Singapore in June 2007. The ASEANAPOL recent developments in drug control in their countries. Conference is the regional platform used by police A study programme for drug control officials from the chiefs from ASEAN member States for interaction, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea was organized discussion, exchanging views and bringing each other by the National Narcotics Control Commission of up to date on the latest developments in law China in Beijing in June 2007. Six Government enforcement issues. The issues discussed during the officials from the Democratic People’s Republic of Conference included drug trafficking, cybercrime, the Korea involved in drug control were trained in various provision of training, the exchange of personnel and aspects of drug control to facilitate compliance with the launching of the Electronic ASEANAPOL Database the provisions of the international drug control treaties, System, to facilitate the sharing of intelligence among to which the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea the police forces of ASEAN member States. Those had recently acceded. police forces signed a joint communiqué that included resolutions on cooperation in regional security 501. Japan is providing training to national and concerns such as drug trafficking. In addition, in order provincial authorities in Cambodia in matters related to to foster greater cooperation between ASEANAPOL drug control, through a project to be implemented from and Interpol, the two organizations agreed to formalize January 2007 to January 2009; the training includes the collaboration involving the Electronic ASEANAPOL identification, analysis and control of drugs. Moreover, Database System and the secure global police Japan, through its project for the period 2005-2009, is communications system (I-24/7) of Interpol, which providing assistance in the form of improving operates 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. infrastructure, agriculture, health and education in the areas of Cambodia most affected by the eradication of 498. Thailand hosted the 27th Meeting of ASEAN illicit opium poppy cultivation. China is supporting Senior Officials on Drug Matters in Chiang Mai in alternative development in Myanmar by providing August 2006. Senior officials from ASEAN member 10,000 tons of rice in September 2006 to farmers in the States exchanged information on drug seizures, recent northern part of that country who were formerly trends in drug trafficking, the treatment and involved in the illicit cultivation of opium poppy. rehabilitation of drug abusers, the use of alternative Thailand continued to provide technical training in development to address the problem of illicit crop areas such as drug interdiction and investigation for cultivation and progress related to the implementation law enforcement officers in Cambodia, the Lao of drug control. Participants noted with concern the People’s Democratic Republic and Myanmar. increasing abuse of and trafficking in ketamine in South-East Asia and agreed to strengthen their efforts 502. The second meeting of the Asian Collaborative to control ketamine through national legislation. Group on Local Precursor Control and the third International Forum on Control of Precursors for 499. The seventh Ministerial Meeting of Signatory Amphetamine-type Stimulants were held in Tokyo in Countries of the 1993 Memorandum of Understanding February 2007. The meetings were organized jointly by on Drug Control was held in Beijing in May 2007. At the Attorney-General’s Department of Australia and the the meeting, representatives of Cambodia, China, the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan. The Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Myanmar, objective of the Asian Collaborative Group is to Thailand and Viet Nam pledged to strengthen existing promote the adoption of best practices in national partnerships and commitments related to drug control. regulatory, administrative and legislative policies and The importance of broadening their resource base was practices that address the threat of diversion of also underlined. Moreover, the sixth revised precursor chemicals in East and South-East Asia. In the subregional action plan was adopted, including two framework of regional cooperation, the International new thematic areas: “International cooperation on Forum aims to identify and adopt measures for more judicial matters” and “Drugs and HIV/AIDS”. effective control of precursors used in the illicit 77 E/INCB/2007/1 manufacture of ATS. The meetings resulted in the of China has placed emphasis on preventing heroin adoption of a joint work programme of the Asian abuse. The Government has established treatment and Collaborative Group and the International Forum rehabilitation centres for drug abusers, including calling for a regional response to
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