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Clava-Cairns.Pdf
CLAVA CAIRNS CLAVA CAIRNS DISCOVER HISTORIC SCOTLAND THE SOUT H-WEST CAIRN THE NORT H-EAST CAIRN The Clava Cairns are cared for by Historic Scotland and owned by the National Trust for Scotland (NTS). VISITOR’S particularly important person was most probably interred ook into this well-preserved passage grave and see the workings They are free to visit and open all year. A inside this tomb, although recent excavations have found L of a sophisticated prehistoric timepiece. The SW cairn is just the no human remains associated with either passage grave. same. The low passageway that is aligned to the midwinter sunset once led into a central domed chamber that rose four metres. These cairns were the work of many people. But investigations of similar Discover other places to visit near the Clava Cairns: monuments suggest that only one or two people would have been buried Each stone slab used to line its walls was graded by height, with the tallest to the here. Like its twin, a decade after the SW cairn was raised, it was surrounded SW to face the setting sun. The distinctive kerbstones that surround the cairn’s by a cobbled platform and a stone circle. Two of the standing stones were base repeat that pattern, as does the circle of standing stones beyond.The stones moved in the 19th century. The Victorians, who believed the monument was were also chosen for their colour and texture. Those slabs lit by the sunset tend to a druidic temple, also planted trees to create a sacred grove. -
Taxonomy and Phylogenetic Relationships of the Coral Genera Australomussa and Parascolymia (Scleractinia, Lobophylliidae)
Contributions to Zoology, 83 (3) 195-215 (2014) Taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships of the coral genera Australomussa and Parascolymia (Scleractinia, Lobophylliidae) Roberto Arrigoni1, 7, Zoe T. Richards2, Chaolun Allen Chen3, 4, Andrew H. Baird5, Francesca Benzoni1, 6 1 Dept. of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126, Milan, Italy 2 Aquatic Zoology, Western Australian Museum, 49 Kew Street, Welshpool, WA 6106, Australia 3Biodiversity Research Centre, Academia Sinica, Nangang, Taipei 115, Taiwan 4 Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan 5 ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia 6 Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR227 Coreus2, 101 Promenade Roger Laroque, BP A5, 98848 Noumea Cedex, New Caledonia 7 E-mail: [email protected] Key words: COI, evolution, histone H3, Lobophyllia, Pacific Ocean, rDNA, Symphyllia, systematics, taxonomic revision Abstract Molecular phylogeny of P. rowleyensis and P. vitiensis . 209 Utility of the examined molecular markers ....................... 209 Novel micromorphological characters in combination with mo- Acknowledgements ...................................................................... 210 lecular studies have led to an extensive revision of the taxonomy References ...................................................................................... 210 and systematics of scleractinian corals. In the present work, we Appendix ....................................................................................... -
Mount Ararat Archaeological Survey Not Necessarily Those of the Associates Dr
Contents EDITOR: Bryant G. Wood, PhD EXECUTIVE EDITOR: Richard D. Lanser Jr., MA, MDiv GRAPHICS AND PHOTO EDITOR: Michael C. Luddeni, NAPP CONSULTING EDITORS: Rev. Gary A. Byers, MA Rev. Scott Lanser, MA Henry B. Smith, Jr., MA William Saxton, MA BOARD OF DIRECTORS: David P. Livingston, Founder Delphi’s Infl uence on the World of the New Testament Gary A. Byers, President Part 3: Faults, Fumes and Visions George DeLong, Treasurer Ernest B. McGinnis.......................................................65 Ronald K. Zuck, Secretary Bible and Spade is received four times a year by members of the Associates for Biblical Research. For an annual contribution of $35.00 or more, members sustain the research and outreach ministries of ABR, including the world-wide radio program “The Stones Cry Out.” To contact ABR, write P.O. Box 144, Akron PA 17501, or email [email protected]. Visit our website at http://www.biblearchaeology. org. © 2008 Associates for Biblical Research. All rights reserved. ISSN 1079-6959 ABR purpose and statement of faith Rex Geissler sent on request. Mount Ararat sunset at the Işak Pasha Palace. Photo taken from Urartian Rock Chamber Tomb at the Beyazıt Opinions expressed by authors not on Castle. the editorial staff of Bible and Spade are Mount Ararat Archaeological Survey not necessarily those of the Associates Dr. Cevat Başaran, Dr. Vedat Keleş and for Biblical Research. Rex Geissler..................................................................70 All Scripture quotations are taken from the New International Version unless specifi ed otherwise. Editorial guidelines will be sent upon Front cover: Urartu’s capital city of Toprakkale, showing request. Tushpa Fortress at Van southwest of Mount Ararat. -
Presenting Archaeological Sites to the Public in Scotland
Presenting Archaeological Sites to the Public in Scotland Steven M.Timoney Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Department of Archaeology, University of Glasgow, May 2008 Abstract This thesis is an exploration of the nature of archaeological sites presented to the public in Scotland through an analysis of five case studies. The project utilises qualitative in-depth in interviews, an approach that, although well recognised in other social sciences, has been little-used archaeology. For this project, semi-structured recorded interviews were undertaken with participants at the sites, which were subsequently transcribed and analysed using QSR NVivo software. This approach, the rationales behind using it, and benefits for research in public archaeology, will be discussed in detail. This will be followed by an in- depth analysis of the roles and significances of archaeology, the ways it influences and is influenced by perceptions of the past, and the values placed upon it. The essence of the thesis will then focus on the in-depth analysis of the case studies. Backgrounds will be given to each of the sites, providing a framework from which extracts of interviews will be used to elucidate on themes and ideas of participant discussions. This approach allows for the real, lived experiences of respondents to be relayed, and direct quotations will be used to provide a greater context for discussions. This will reflect a number of recurring themes, which developed during interviews, both within sites and across sites. The interviews will also reflect the individual roles and functions of archaeological sites for the public, and the often idiosyncratic nature of participant engagements with archaeology. -
Schottland Mietwagenrundreise Filmkulisse
Datum: 28-09-21 1/11 Filmkulisse Schottland Mietwagenrundreise Filmkulisse Schottland Mietwagenrundreise auf den Spuren von Outlander, Harry Potter, Braveheart und Co. - 8 Tage / 7 Nächte Die Highlights dieser PKW-Rundreise Abwechslungsreiche Route zu den schönsten Filmschauplätzen Schottlands Besuch einiger Drehorte der berühmten "Outlander-Serie", z.B. Hopetoun House, Highland Folk Museum, Clava Cairns, Culloden Battlefield, Doune Castle und Edinburgh Optionale Fahrt mit dem Jacobite Dampfzug, bekannt als „Hogwarts Express“ aus den magischen Harry Potter Filmen Edinburgh und Stirling Castle Große Flexibilität bei der Wahl der Unterkünfte: Sie haben die Wahl zwischen fünf verschiedenen Unterkunftskategorien vom B&B bis zum 4* Hotel bzw. Manor-House oder einer "mixed-Variante" Für wen ist diese Schottland Mietwagenrundreise? Als Filmfan wollten Sie schon immer die Drehorte berühmter Kinostreifen live erleben? Sie sind Outlander-Fan und möchten auf den "Spuren von Jamie & Claire" unterwegs sein und mehr über die Geschichte der Jakobiten erfahren? Wie Harry Potter einmal im „Hogwarts Express“ mitzufahren war schon immer Ihr Traum? Schottland mit dem Mietwagen auf eigene Faust erkunden mit vorgebuchten Unterkünften und Routenvorschlägen ist genau das, was Sie suchen? Dann sollten Sie unbedingt weiterlesen ... Datum: 28-09-21 2/11 Filmkulisse Schottland Überblick Atemberaubende Landschaften, Schlösser, Burgen und Seen - Schottland bietet perfekte Filmkulissen und ist nicht umsonst Drehort von so manchem berühmten Kinofilm geworden. Dass die -
Stone Portals by Sergey Smelyakov [email protected]
The Stone Portals by Sergey Smelyakov [email protected] This issue starts hosting of English edition of the e-book The Stone Portals (http://www.astrotheos.com/EPage_Portal_HOME.htm). The first Chapter presents the classification and general description of the stone artefacts which are considered the stone portals: stone – for their substance, and portals – for their occult destination. Their main classes are the pyramids, cromlechs, and stone mounds, as well as lesser forms – stone labyrinths et al. Then, chapter by chapter, we analyze the classes of these artefacts from the viewpoint of their occult and analytical properties, which, as it turned out, in different regions of the world manifest the similar properties in astronomical alignments, metrological and geometrical features, calendaric application, and occult destination. The second Chapter deals with the first, most extensive class of the Stone Portals – the Labyrinth- Temples presented by edifices of various types: Pyramids, mounds, etc. This study is preceded by an overview of astronomic and calendaric concepts that are used in the subsequent analysis. The religious and occult properties are analyzed relative to the main classes of the Labyrinth-Temples disposed in Mesoamerica and Eurasia, but from analytical point of view the main attention is devoted to Mesoamerican pyramids and European Passage Mounds. Thus a series of important properties are revealed re to their geometry, geodesy, astronomy, and metrology which show that their builders possessed extensive knowledge in all these areas. At this, it is shown that although these artefacts differ in their appearance, they have much in common in their design detail, religious and occult destination, and analytic properties, and on the world-wide scale. -
Taxonomic Classification of the Reef Coral Family
Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2016, 178, 436–481. With 14 figures Taxonomic classification of the reef coral family Lobophylliidae (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Scleractinia) DANWEI HUANG1*, ROBERTO ARRIGONI2,3*, FRANCESCA BENZONI3, HIRONOBU FUKAMI4, NANCY KNOWLTON5, NATHAN D. SMITH6, JAROSŁAW STOLARSKI7, LOKE MING CHOU1 and ANN F. BUDD8 1Department of Biological Sciences and Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore 2Red Sea Research Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia 3Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy 4Department of Marine Biology and Environmental Science, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889- 2192, Japan 5Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013, USA 6The Dinosaur Institute, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 900 Exposition Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA 7Institute of Paleobiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, PL-00-818, Warsaw, Poland 8Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA Received 14 July 2015; revised 19 December 2015; accepted for publication 31 December 2015 Lobophylliidae is a family-level clade of corals within the ‘robust’ lineage of Scleractinia. It comprises species traditionally classified as Indo-Pacific ‘mussids’, ‘faviids’, and ‘pectiniids’. Following detailed revisions of the closely related families Merulinidae, Mussidae, Montastraeidae, and Diploastraeidae, this monograph focuses on the taxonomy of Lobophylliidae. Specifically, we studied 44 of a total of 54 living lobophylliid species from all 11 genera based on an integrative analysis of colony, corallite, and subcorallite morphology with molecular sequence data. -
Alignment and Location of Medieval Rural Churches
ASPECTS OF THE ALIGNMENT AND LOCATION OF MEDIEVAL RURAL CHURCHES by Ian David Hinton being a Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the School of History, University of East Anglia August 2010 © This copy of the thesis has been supplied on the condition that anyone who consults it is understood to recognize that its copyright rests with the author and that no quotation from the thesis, nor any information derived therefrom, may be published without the author’s prior, written consent St Mary’s and St Lawrence’s, South Walsham, Norfolk - two churches in the same churchyard, but aligned 10° differently ABSTRACT This thesis explores the alignment of medieval rural churches and discusses whether their differing alignments have any specific meaning. It also examines the location of rural church sites and the chronology of church creation in relation to the process of settlement nucleation, the topography of church sites and their possible reuse. A survey of almost 2000 rural medieval churches provides the basis for this study. Part I provides a broad context for the detailed consideration of the results of the survey and their significance. It summarises earlier church alignment studies and the issues that they raise; the practice of alignment more generally; studies of the rural church and its place in the landscape; and earlier studies of medieval rural settlement. Part II describes the survey methodology and its basic results, applies the results to the theories advanced in earlier studies and evaluates them in the light of this new evidence. Part III discusses and analyses two significant variations which have been uncovered: the clear pattern of spatial variation in church alignment between the east and the west of the country, and the fact that between two and three times as many churches were built on east-facing slopes as on west-facing slopes. -
THE CLAVA CAIRNS1 by IAI
THE CLAVA CAIRNS1 by IAI . NWALKERC , M.A., F.S.A.SCOT. THIS pape divides ri d into three parts discussio:a generae th f no l affinities, sucs ha they are, of the Clava cairns; a discussion of their geographical setting; and some remark thein so r possible dating.2 n discussinI g possible affinitie cairnse immediatels i th e f o son , y e structh y kb uniqueness of the group as a whole compared with other groups of megalithic tombs. There are five outstanding features: firstly, the dual element of ring-cairn and passage-grave in a group which seems otherwise completely indivisible; secondly, the us f corbellineo r roofingfo e passage-graveth g s (and paralle thiso t le equall th , y distinctive open chambered non-passaged construction of the ring-cairn); thirdly, surroundine th g circl free-standinf eo g stones; fourthly orientatioe th , f passageno - grav ring-caird ean n alike toward . quarter Se W sth fifthlyd an presenc;e th ,p cu f eo marks both on stones forming part of the cairn and on boulders in the general area of Clava cairn distribution. The nearest parallels to the ring-cairns are in the superficially analagous struc- ture Almerin si southern ai n Spain,3 though Blance4 believes that som thesf eo e latter were used as ossuaries rather than places for collective burial. Passage-graves in general can be shown to have an Atlantic-Irish Sea distribution, from Iberia north- wards,5 though the Irish Sea area is certainly equally an area of gallery-grave distribution. -
Recent Changes in Scleractinian Coral Nomenclature and Classification
Recent changes in Scleractinian coral nomenclature and classification. (A practical guide for coral and reef ecologists) Michel Pichon Adjunct Professor, James Cook University Australia Honorary Associate, Museum of Tropical Queensland, Townsville The following document provides information on changes which were introduced recently in the classification and nomenclature of scleractinian corals. Such changes stem to a large extent from the research activity and the syntheses carried out by the members of the international “Scleractinian Systematics Working Group” (SSWG) over the last few years. They are the result of a multi-pronged approach combining the information provided by the implementation of relatively new techniques, which have only recently been applied to scleractinian coral taxonomy. Such new tools include, inter alia, morphometrics, microstructural analyses, anatomy of soft parts and molecular genetics. The changes thus made to the nomenclature and classification of scleractinian corals underlie a move towards a classification reflecting more and more the phylogeny of various taxa, and as a result may place side by side morphologically very dissimilar species. Furthermore, such a move will require a re-definition of numerous genera (and of some families, which from a practical viewpoint is less critical) in accordance with the rules set out in the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Such a work is still to be done and a number of genera remain to this day without an adequate revised diagnostic morphological characterization. Several important studies are still in progress and one may expect additional changes in the near future. The present document, therefore, does not pretend to represent a complete revision of scleractinian coral taxonomy. -
Moray and Caithness
Moray and Caithness: A landscape fashioned by geology Moray and Caithness The far north-east of Scotland encompasses a wide range of landscapes, from the rolling hills of Moray and the coastal flagstone cliffs of Caithness, to the blanket peat bogs of the Flow Country and the ancient rugged A Landscape Fashioned by Geology mountains of eastern Sutherland. These landscapes have all formed during a long and complex geological Clive Auton, Jon Merritt and Kathryn Goodenough history, from rocks that were buckled and warped by continental collisions that occurred many hundreds of millions of years ago, to the sculpting of the hills and valleys by glaciers just a few thousand years ago. Since Neolithic times, the inhabitants of the region have made use of its geological resources and also changed its appearance irrevocably. This book describes the whole of that geological and human history, laying bare the events that have shaped the landscape of this remote but intriguing corner of Scotland. About the Authors Mor Clive Auton has worked as a field geologist in Scotland for almost thirty years on many aspects of the rocks and landscape, A particularly in the Highlands and Northern Isles, but also around the Moray and Solway firths. He is particularly interested in the y AN glacial history of Moray and Caithness and also in the Old Red Sandstone rocks of the Orcadian Basin. Clive is an active member D C of the Quaternary Research Association and has led many geological field excursions to the Caithness and Moray area. A Jon Merritt has worked as a field geologist on various aspects of the superficial deposits and glacial landforms of Scotland for over ith N thirty years, particularly in the Highlands and Islands. -
The Heart of Neolithic Orkney World Heritage Site: Research Agenda
The Heart of Neolithic Orkney World Heritage Site Research Agenda The Heart of Neolithic Orkney World Heritage Site Research Agenda Edited by Jane Downes, Sally M Foster and C R Wickham-Jones with Jude Callister Historic Scotland 2005 Published by Historic Scotland ISBN 1 904966 04 7 © Individual authors Edinburgh 2005 Project grant-aided by Historic Scotland, Orkney Islands Council and Orkney Heritage Society, with support from Orkney College UHI As advisers to the World Heritage Committee, ICOMOS has drawn up guidelines for the management of World Heritage Sites and for research programmes to promote and co-ordinate research in the area. In Orkney this important task has been carried out with the contribution of a number of partners. It has been a collaborative venture involving many experts who have generously given freely of their time. I know that Historic Scotland has been delighted to support the Orkney College UHI in organising and co-ordinating the production of this Research Agenda for Scotland’s first archaeological World Heritage Site, The Heart of Neolithic Orkney. We very much hope that this Research Agenda will prove a model for Site managers throughout the world, as well as others dealing with the challenges and opportunities of their local archaeological inheritance elsewhere in Scotland. Patricia Ferguson Minister for Tourism, Culture and Sport 5 Dedicated to Daphne Home Lorimer, prime mover in the setting up of Orkney Archaeological Trust and Chairman of the Trust 1996-2004 6 Contents 13 Foreword 15 List of contributors