Hovering Craft and Hydrofoil May 1968 Vol. 7 No. 8

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Hovering Craft and Hydrofoil May 1968 Vol. 7 No. 8 NOVER/NG GRAFT & HYDROFOIL THE INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF AIR CUSHION VEHICLES AND HYDROFOILS "Hovercraft first costs are high "Dozens of working GEMS compared with ferry boats and (ground effect machines) have series production aircraft in been built in everything from terms of work capacity, payload ness experimental laboratories. thing we know. We still have carried well over 100,000 pas- a design from which a number of substantially similar craft may be built; however, at the mo- Carl Weiland "Mr Desmond Norman, of Britten Norman, Isle of Wight, has stated that lack of finance is holding up the introduction "The introduction of of a regular hovercraft and hydrofoils on the Nor- passenger ferry service across the solent to the Isle of Wight. wegian coast became an "Mr Norman stressed that immediate success." hydrofoils which have been sold to eleven different coun- Erling Aanensen tries. Our first hydrofoil, the Det Stavangerske 72-seat PT20 Freccia del Sole, Dampskibsselskab, which started operating in 1956 on the Mess~na-Reggio Cala- bina-Messina line, has now travelled more than 430,000 tribution as an investment in the world expenditure will have reached nine to ten million Christopher Cockerell nt compared with foil in certain specific fields of value of the con- application. The development and building costs are high, which to judge results. The con- solidated results of your com- military use, They include land and amphibious sports machines, in some measure the endless flying-pallet riding toys, am- struggle to operate these craft phibious commuter vehicles, and as economic units at th$r sub-sonic transit trains capable present level of development. D. R. Robertson Hovertravel Ltd CROSS CHANNEL MOTORWAY Come summer, the new SR.N4 hovercraft will have established virtually a motorway across the English Channel. These 165-ton craft, the world's fastest sea transport, will skim between Calais/Ramsgate for Hoverlloyd and Boulogne/Dover for British Rail in record time at motorway speeds. Carrying 254 passengers and 30 cars, the SR.N4 will be capable of operating in almost anyweather in the same way as conventional ferries. The SR.N4 is the world's largest hovercraft and is in quantity production at Cowes, Isle of Wight. Hoverlloyd and British Rail are the first ferry operators to exploit the vast potential of open-water hovercraft. The 'bus ride' to Europe is but the first step. BRITISH HOVERCRAFT - WORLD LEADERS IN THE HOVER TRANSPORT REVOLUTJON ;;k;a BRITISH HOVERCRAFT CORPORATION LIMITED IS ASUBSIDIARYOF @ WESTLAND AIRCRAFT ",.*~".*-, ,-,- british hovercraft corporation LIMITED -"..,..-~-,- .- EAST COWES . ISLE OF WIGHT ENGLAND Editor : JUANITA ICALERGHI HOVERING CRAFT AND HYDIIOFOII, is produced by Kalerghi I'ublicatiort.~, 50-52 Blartdford Street, Londor?, WI. Telephone WEL,beclc 8678. Printed in Great Rritarrr hy Villiers Publications, London, NW5. Anwlral subscrip- liofz: Seven guinecrs UK, US Dollars 17 Cancrdiurl Doll~rs18. There are twelve issurs annrrally. Contents of lhis issrre are the copyright of Knlerghi HQVER/NG CRAFT l'rrblications. Pernlission to rrprodrrce pictures and text can he granted only under written agreenzent. Extructs or connnents may he nlade with due oclcnowleclgemen~ & HYDROFOIL to Hovering Craft and Hydrofoil. FOUNDED OCTOBER 1961 ADVERTISING REPRESENTA'TXVE L Trrriplr Rosswlck Ltrl, 3 Qrreens Court, Qtreerisway, Idondon, W2 Telephone RAYswater 5812. First Hovering Craft & Hydrofoil Monthly in the World Produce Abundan HE Central London Productivity Association comlnerc~al sense wlll come into play in maklng T deserve warm thanks for thelr initlat~veIn spon- individual assessnlents. They will want to feel sure sorlng the conference on business aspects of hover- that there will be some profit short-term -enough craft and hydrofoils In London on May 15th The to whet their appetite to wait for the long-term suc- conference wrll brlng leaders of the hovercraft and cess commensurate wlth the rl\ks they take at the hydrofoil Industries to meet those whose Interest is start. in ~nvestmentIn new developments To these formal Men who back sea ventures have always been ready thanks is added the appreciation of this journal which to take a chance; were this not so they would remain IS able to give In advance the papers that are to be commercial landlubbers content to invest in bricks presented and mortar ! The call of the sea penetrates even Into In the past there have been symposia and confer- the most unlikely velns All, however, need to be ences to glve information on the technical problems Informed of the risks as well as the potential - to be be~ngexper~enced and the techniques employed to glven reliable forecasts of the likely progress of these overcome these problems Often listeners gave votce new tools of the sea trade, based on facts and figures to their doubts of the vlabillty of the projects- produced by past experience some remained frankly sceptical of the outcome Th~s1s why the conference IS being held- "Busi- Some with the courage to enter the operating field ness Aspects of Hovercraft and Hydrofoils" - ln gamed mer~tand experience. but lost money. Some the cinema theatre of Br~tannicHouse kindly lent who overstated their case in speaklng of their prod~~ct by the British Petroleum Company, to whom both should have red faces remembe~ingtheir words of the hovercraft and hydrofoil ~ndustrlesowe a great yeateryear 1 debt of grat~tudeior its early support Now, rn the spring of 1968, is the time to take a This journal welcomes the opportunity to take up cool hard look at the busmess aspects of hovercraft another aspect with readers overseas who have not and hydrofoils Th~sjournal belleves that both sys- the opportunlty to attend the conference, ask per- tems - and the hovertram - are here to stay. If this tinent questions of the speakers, and buttonhole those belief 15 correct, then there are y~~est~onsto be asked III the audience with speclalised knowledge Wlll they and answered frankly and accurately. please contribute papers for publication in the journal, Can the production ellglneer rapidly and markedly telling of what they are doing, and what problems reduce capital costs? Wlll the "runs" in the yards be they are facing? adequate to make full use of modern techniques? Are Some may feel that th~sopen dlplomdcy will not the insurance rates too high? Has a promotion ladder pay, for profit is their motive Is this really so in these fol employees been planned? Do the industries offer technically sophlstlcated t~mes?In international fast seculity for men who worlc on the production llnes travel, barriers are being broken down, and by co- so that the best men are attracted? Can the operator operation and mutual understanding the pace of get a good return for the capltal employed? development 1s speeded and profits to lndiv~duals Thls conference will give Investors and potentlal enhanced. The speakers at the conference will surely operators the opportunlty to meet designers, bullders give the 1le to any "cards close to the chest" legend and existing operators, face to face, and personal TI~EEDITOR P 6. WANSBROUGM WHITE ARAeS, AIM Director Business Operations Research Ltd HE Editor has invited me to write an lntroduction to Mr C; Walzsbrough-White entered civil aviation irz 1936 T this Special Edition of Hovering Craft & Hydrofoil, served on East African routes and in the Royal Air Force presumably in my capacity as Chairman of the Management from 1939 to 1946. He became duector of a sh~pp~ngand Sciences Committee of the Central London Productivity tran;lpott company in East Africa until 1952, then emigrated Association -the sponsors of the Conference. to the UK to join the Bristol Aeroplane Co. He spent s' years in the Britmnnia Design Orgcmisutiorz and then two yeu However, having risen on my cushion, I feel that I should zn the newly furrned 0 and M Depattfnefzt. Itz 1960 lie joine do more than just make a small platitudinous journey to Metal Industries Lrd Group Marzugement Services Unit, and say what splendid things hovercraft and hydrofoils are, in 1964 he joined Buriness O~jerationResearch Ltd to form Hovering Craft & Hydrofoil is, and the Conference will be. tlie [Systems] Comparzy us Manuging Director. He is currerztly I intend to make a slightly longer trip. Director of Business Planning of the BOR Group Still very The Central London Productivity Association is inter- interested in aviation and transport in general, he ir a Member ested in productivity, which is another way of saying of Counc~lof thc Royal Aeronautical Society urzd retains a improved profitability, which implies a viable business prlot'r l~ceizce.He i~ a member of the British Computer Society, tlie British Institute of Management, the Operational Research running at an optimum level of efficiency. So the interest, Society, and helped to found the Munugemerzt Studies Croup and the purpose, is to view hovercraft and hydrofoils as of the Royul Aeronautical Society. An itinerant aviation the sales products of a healthy business able to create and Izrstorian and writer, he once owned the oldest floating vessel serve a new transport market. And as pioneers of hover- in Brrtaiiz and rtill ptefer~to live OII CI boat craft, to meet world competition-for I must not forget that we are part of the British Productivity Council. After a depressing Budget and in a disillusioned era this may well sound as so much pious claptrap, but however it sounds the hard fact remains that this is a young, promising Experience in business, shipping, transport, aviation and industry that is going to meet, if it has not already met, in management consultancy leads to one inevitable and daunting problems which could well cripple some enter- simple conclusion : that a successful business is supported prises.
Recommended publications
  • Race Instructions
    Race Instructions Cowes-Torquay and Torquay-Cowes Offshore Powerboat Races 25 AND 26 AUGUST 2018 UKOPRA National Marathon Championship Races – Rounds 3 & 4 Harmsworth Trophy - Rounds 3 & 4 Organised by: British Powerboat Racing Club Ltd 83 High Street, Cowes, Isle of Wight PO31 7AJ Tel: +44 (0) 1983 290558 Email: [email protected] Contents Page No. Risk statement 3 1. Event approval 4 2. Race and licence status 4 3. Competitors’ responsibility 4 4. Organising committee, race officials and management team 4 5. Timetable and tide times 5 6. Rules and regulations 5-6 7. Race administration and registration 6 8. Pit areas, parking and special conditions 6-7 9. Pre-race scrutineering 7 10. Launching 7 11. Official practice and testing 7 12. Drivers’ briefing 7 13. Noise and speed restrictions 8 14. Departure and transit to the muster areas 8 15. Start procedure 8-9 16. Event safety cover 9 17. Trackers and electronic chart plotters 9 18. Retirement 9 19. Finishing 9-10 20. Outside assistance 10 21. Flag signals 10 22. Post-race declaration 10 23. Post-race scrutineering 10 24. Penalties 10 25. Protests 10 26. Podium presentations and prize giving 10 27. Social, Pit Passes 11 28. Trophies 11 Safety information 12 Appendix 1 : Chart showing extent of Cowes Harbour 6knot speed limit 13 Appendix 2 : Chart showing new breakwater in Cowes Harbour 14 Appendix 3 : Cowes race boat parade details 15 Appendix 4 : Cowes to Torquay race details 16-20 Appendix 5 : Torquay race boat parade details 21 Appendix 6 : Torquay to Cowes race details 22-26 Appendix 7 : Rough weather courses 27-32 2 RISK STATEMENT Powerboat Racing is by its nature a dangerous sport and therefore inherently involves an element of risk.
    [Show full text]
  • Portsmouth Harbour
    Information Sheet on Ramsar Wetlands (RIS) Categories approved by Recommendation 4.7 (1990), as amended by Resolution VIII.13 of the 8th Conference of the Contracting Parties (2002) and Resolutions IX.1 Annex B, IX.6, IX.21 and IX. 22 of the 9th Conference of the Contracting Parties (2005). Notes for compilers: 1. The RIS should be completed in accordance with the attached Explanatory Notes and Guidelines for completing the Information Sheet on Ramsar Wetlands. Compilers are strongly advised to read this guidance before filling in the RIS. 2. Further information and guidance in support of Ramsar site designations are provided in the Strategic Framework for the future development of the List of Wetlands of International Importance (Ramsar Wise Use Handbook 7, 2nd edition, as amended by COP9 Resolution IX.1 Annex B). A 3rd edition of the Handbook, incorporating these amendments, is in preparation and will be available in 2006. 3. Once completed, the RIS (and accompanying map(s)) should be submitted to the Ramsar Secretariat. Compilers should provide an electronic (MS Word) copy of the RIS and, where possible, digital copies of all maps. 1. Name and address of the compiler of this form: FOR OFFICE USE ONLY. DD MM YY Joint Nature Conservation Committee Monkstone House City Road Designation date Site Reference Number Peterborough Cambridgeshire PE1 1JY UK Telephone/Fax: +44 (0)1733 – 562 626 / +44 (0)1733 – 555 948 Email: [email protected] 2. Date this sheet was completed/updated: Designated: 28 February 1995 3. Country: UK (England) 4. Name of the Ramsar site: Portsmouth Harbour 5.
    [Show full text]
  • A Valuation of the Chichester Harbour Provisioning Ecosystem Services Provided by Shellfish
    Rpep A valuation of the Chichester Harbour Provisioning Ecosystem Services provided by shellfish Report for Sussex IFCA and the Environment Agency Title: A valuation of the Chichester Harbour Provisioning Ecosystem Services provided by shellfish Date: January 25th 2018 Authors: Chris Williams, William Davies and Jake Kuyer Client: Sussex Inshore Fisheries and Conservation Authority (SxIFCA) NEF Consulting is the consultancy arm of the leading UK think tank, New Economics Foundation. We help to put new economic ideas into practice. TheNew content Economicss of this report Foundation can be shared isfreely the within UK’s the only organisation people named-powered above as think the client tank.. However, please contact us if you would like to publish the report, or extracts from the report, on a websiteThe Foundation or in any other way.works Unless to explicitlybuild a agreed new otherwise,economy all where publishing people rights remainreally with take NEFcontrol. Consulting. NEF Consulting Limited New Economics Foundation 10 Salamanca Place London SE1 7HB www.nefconsulting.com Tel: 020 7820 6361 [icon] Contents 1. Background and context …………………………………………………………………….…4 Chichester harbour ...................................................................................................................... 5 Conservation significance and status ........................................................................................ 5 Shellfishery context .....................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Download Our 2021-22 Media Pack
    formerly Scuttlebutt Europe 2021-22 1 Contents Pages 3 – 9 Seahorse Magazine 3 Why Seahorse 4 Display (Rates and Copy Dates) 5 Technical Briefing 6 Directory 7 Brokerage 8 Race Calendar 9 New Boats Enhanced Entry Page 10 “Planet Sail” On Course show Page 11 Sailing Anarchy Page 12 EuroSail News Page 13 Yacht Racing Life Page 14 Seahorse Website Graeme Beeson – Advertising Manager Tel: +44 (0)1590 671899 Email: [email protected] Skype: graemebeeson 2 Why Seahorse? Massive Authority and Influence 17,000 circulation 27% SUBS 4% APP Seahorse is written by the finest minds 14% ROW & RETAIL DIGITAL PRINT and biggest names of the performance 5,000 22% UK 28% IRC sailing world. 4,000 EUROPE 12% USA 3,000 International Exclusive Importance Political Our writers are industry pro's ahead of and Reach Recognition 2,000 journalists - ensuring Seahorse is the EUROPE A UK S UK 1,000 EUROPE U 14% RORC last word in authority and influence. ROW A A S ROW UK S ROW U 0 U ROW EUROPE IRC ORC RORC SUBS & APP 52% EUROPE (Ex UK) 27% ORC Seahorse is written assuming a high RETAIL SUBS level of sailing knowledge from it's The only sailing magazine, written Recognised by the RORC, IRC & from no national perspective, entirely ORC all of whom subscribe all readership - targetting owners and dedicated to sailboat racing. An their members and certificate afterguard on performance sailing boats. approach reflected by a completely holders to Seahorse as a benefit international reach adopt and adapt this important information into their design work.
    [Show full text]
  • Vebraalto.Com
    Cliffsend, Ramsgate 51 Sandwich Road, Cliffsend, Ramsgate, Kent, CT12 5HY A spacious modern family home, enviably positioned in an elevated position from where it commands unrivalled views across Pegwell Bay and towards France. The property is easily accessible to both the Marina town of Ramsgate and the market town of Sandwich, both providing an abundance of shops and amenities, highly regarded restaurants, schools and transport links, with mainline service available form Ramsgate station (2.3 miles distant). This impressive family home provides 2195 sq ft (204 sq m) of beautifully presented, free flowing accommodation, arranged on the ground floor to provide an entrance hall, sitting room, study, dining room open-plan to a smartly fitted kitchen with granite work surfaces, a utility room, large conservatory with underfloor heating and a cloakroom. The first floor comprises five bedrooms and three stylish bathrooms (two en-suite), with bedroom five currently utilised as a dressing room. The thoughtfully landscaped rear garden extends to 73ft (22m) and provides the perfect environment in which to entertain, incorporating two decked seating areas, including a covered area with patio heaters, a heated swimming pool and a timber barbecue house. A detached double garage (with eaves storage) and driveway provide off road parking for a number of vehicles. No onward chain. Location • Entrance Hall • Bedroom 2 Sandwich Road is a much sought after road over looking Pegwell Bay and 12'0" x 10'2" (3.66m x 3.10m) situated within Cliffsend, a desirable village approximately 2 miles west of the • Sitting Room at maximum points. marina town of Ramsgate and approximately 4 miles North of Sndwich.
    [Show full text]
  • The Commercial & Technical Evolution of the Ferry
    THE COMMERCIAL & TECHNICAL EVOLUTION OF THE FERRY INDUSTRY 1948-1987 By William (Bill) Moses M.B.E. A thesis presented to the University of Greenwich in fulfilment of the thesis requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy October 2010 DECLARATION “I certify that this work has not been accepted in substance for any degree, and is not concurrently being submitted for any degree other than that of Doctor of Philosophy being studied at the University of Greenwich. I also declare that this work is the result of my own investigations except where otherwise identified by references and that I have not plagiarised another’s work”. ……………………………………………. William Trevor Moses Date: ………………………………. ……………………………………………… Professor Sarah Palmer Date: ………………………………. ……………………………………………… Professor Alastair Couper Date:……………………………. ii Acknowledgements There are a number of individuals that I am indebted to for their support and encouragement, but before mentioning some by name I would like to acknowledge and indeed dedicate this thesis to my late Mother and Father. Coming from a seafaring tradition it was perhaps no wonder that I would follow but not without hardship on the part of my parents as they struggled to raise the necessary funds for my books and officer cadet uniform. Their confidence and encouragement has since allowed me to achieve a great deal and I am only saddened by the fact that they are not here to share this latest and arguably most prestigious attainment. It is also appropriate to mention the ferry industry, made up on an intrepid band of individuals that I have been proud and privileged to work alongside for as many decades as covered by this thesis.
    [Show full text]
  • For Our Time EUROPE 8I Moresignsthat Britain Is Makingthe Grade in Eurcpe
    August/September 1981 Picasso and Turner - European painters for our time EUROPE 8I Moresignsthat Britain is makingthe grade in Eurcpe Our breakdown of the performance of British industry i.n Europe Published by the Commission of the (page I5),based on the latest figures, confirms that the United. European Communities, 20 Kensington Kingdom's trade with the rest of tlr.e Community continues to Palace Gardens, London tI78 4QQ. Tel: 0l-727 8090 increase, despite a falling-off in such traditional industries as iron and steel andmotor car manufacture.Areport onthe cross-Channel Editor-in-Chief: George Scott ferries, on the Business Page, tells a similar story. Editor: JohnGreenwood Associate Editor: Denis Thomas Desigl : Lawrence Edwards Our second rep ort ( opposite ) on how European fund.s are being mad.e available to help in the recovery of IAIales, covers both southern and Printed by Lawrence-Allen Ltd, lU7eston-super-Mare, Avon northern parts of the Principality. In both regions ttre prospects 1ook Europe 8l does not necessarily reflect, goodfor tourism - now accepted throughout Europe as a key area for in all economic growbh. particulars, the opinions of the Community institutions. Unsigned material may be quoted or reprinted without payment, We also report on two Britlsh families who are making new lives for subiect to suitable acknowledgement. themselves in France (page g), and on the situation in Tanzania, where European aid, under the terms of Lome Belfust Offce : W'ndsor House, the agreements, is 9/15 Bedford Street, Belfast BT2 7EG being put to urgent use (page 7). Tel. (0232) 40708 C ardiff Offi ce : 4 Cathedral Road, CardiffCFl 9SG Anyone who is con-firsed by stories of how EEC regulations are Tel.
    [Show full text]
  • A Study of the Community Benefit of a Fixed Channel
    A J Jl'if: COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES ] 1 J ] 1 STUDY OF THE COMMUNITY BENEFIT J i OF A FIXED CHANNEL CROSSING i i j f..»y APPENDICES M J 1 DECEMBER 1979 ,,^~r r,r*"ï i?T ^^.t . • CDAT 8139 C COOPERS & LYBRAND ASSOCIATES LIMITED MANAGEMENT AND ECONOMIC CONSULTANTS TABLE OF CONTENTS 'A. RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN CROSS-CHANNEL TRAFFIC Aol Developments in Transport Services A.1.1 Shipping : Passengers A.1.2 Shipping : Freight A.1.3 Shipping : Capacity and Technical Developments A.1.4 Hovercraft and Jetfoil Services o A.1.5 Air A.1.6 Surface Connections A.2 Routes Chosen by UK Résidents in 1977 A.2.1 Introduction A.2.2 Independent, Non-Car Leisure Travellers A.2.3 Leisure Car Travellers i] A.2.4 Package Travellers A.2.5 Business Travellers •Or- :\ A.3 Developments in Freight Traffic • •• * 0 •'•-•; A.3.1 Récent Developments in Unitised Cross-Channel Traffic A.3.2 Road Ro-Ro Traffic Growth A.3.3 Conclusions . J B. MODELS OF ROUTE CHOICE B.l Introduction B.l.l Manipulation of Route Data B.1.2 Network Processing B.l.3 The Choice of Zoning System B.2 The Route Choice Model for Car Travellers B.2.1 The Network B.2.2 The Model Structure B.2.3 The Impédance Function B.2.4 The Choice Between French and Belgian Straits B.2.5 The Choice Between Calais and Boulogne B.2.6 The Choice Between Ship and Hovercraft 7»? ï'ï B.3 The Route Choice Model for Non-Car Travellers B.3.1 The Network B.3.2 The Impédance Function for Independent Travellers B.3.3 The Impédance Function for Package Travellers B.4 The Route Choice Model for Freight B.5 The Evaluation of User Benefits B.5.1 Method B.5.2 Units C.
    [Show full text]
  • Sandwich Bay and Hacklinge Marshes Districts
    COUNTY: KENT SITE NAME: SANDWICH BAY AND HACKLINGE MARSHES DISTRICTS: THANET/DOVER Status: Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) notified under Section 28 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 Local Planning Authority: THANET DISTRICT COUNCIL/DOVER DISTRICT COUNCIL National Grid Reference: TR 353585 Area: 1756.5 (ha.) 4338.6 (ac.) Ordnance Survey Sheet 1:50,000: 179 1:10,000: TR 35 NE, NW, SE, SW; TR 36 SW, SE Date Notified (Under 1949 Act): 1951 Date of Last Revision: 1981 Date Notified (Under 1981 Act): 1984 (part) Date of Last Revision: 1994 1985 (part) 1990 Other Information: Parts of the site are listed in ÔA Nature Conservation ReviewÕ and in ÔA Geological Conservation ReviewÕ2. The nature reserve at Sandwich Bay is owned jointly by the Kent Trust for Nature Conservation, National Trust and Royal Society for the Protection of Birds. The site has been extended to include a Kent Trust designated Site of Nature Conservation Interest known as Richborough Pasture and there are several other small amendments. Reasons for Notification: This site contains the most important sand dune system and sandy coastal grassland in South East England and also includes a wide range of other habitats such as mudflats, saltmarsh, chalk cliffs, freshwater grazing marsh, scrub and woodland. Associated with the various constituent habitats of the site are outstanding assemblages of both terrestrial and marine plants with over 30 nationally rare and nationally scarce species, having been recorded. Invertebrates are also of interest with recent records including 19 nationally rare3, and 149 nationally scarce4 species. These areas provide an important landfall for migrating birds and also support large wintering populations of waders, some of which regularly reach levels of national importance5.
    [Show full text]
  • The Geology of Pegwell
    The Geology of Pegwell Bay by Peter Golding In the past few years, clearance work has taken place to re-expose part of the classic coastal cliffs in Pegwell Bay, southwest of Ramsgate on the Isle of Thanet in Kent. The work, initiated by English Nature under their Face Lift programme, was organised by Thanet Council and used a local contractor. Kent RIGS Group also pro- vided assistance and is now regularly maintaining the cleared sections. Interest is focused on three aspects of the degraded cliffs: 1. 0.9km stretch of Palaeocene sediments with overlying Pleistocene brickearth in cliffs below the car park at TR 350642 2. Palaeocene-Cretaceous unconformity at Redcliff Point, TR 354644 3. The adjacent Pleistocene filled channel. Pegwell Bay has a long history of accretion and cliff abandonment. Whitaker (1872) refers to the Palaeocene cliffs as “much overgrown and hidden by fallen earth”. Rapid growth of scrub followed construction of the Hover- port in the 1970s and part of the section was permanently lost under the access road. In contrast, Redcliff Point was actively eroded at this time and the section there was “probably better exposed than for some time previous- ly” (Ward 1977). However, silting returned and the unconformity and filled channel at Redcliff Point were almost totally obscured until the cleaning of February 2005. Phase 1 in the winter of 2002/2003 saw the removal of scrub and talus from three 30metre sections below the car park. These reveal at the top of the cliff up to 4 metres of brickearth (loess) which stands in a typically vertical face with rough prismatic jointing.
    [Show full text]
  • Volume 16 Number 2
    THE TRANSPORT ECONOMIST MAGAZINE OF THE TRANSPORT ECONOMISTS GROUP VOLUME 16 NUMBER 2 EDITOR: Stuart Cole, Polytechnic of North London Business School Contents Page RECENT MEETINGS The economics of regulation in the taxicab industry Ken Gwilliam (Leeds, November 1988) 1 The role of Hoverspeed in the cross-Channel market Robin Wilkins (London, November 1988) 3 BOOK REV IEWS The Manchester Tramways (Ian Yearsley & Philip Groves) 15 1 Geoffrey Searle: An appreciation 17 RECENT MEETINGS TEG NEWS THE ECONOMICS OF REGULATION IN THE TAXICAB INDUSTRY Notice of Annual General Meeting 18 Ken Gwilliam, Institute for Transport Studies, University of Leeds (Leeds, November 9 1988) Membership News 19 Local authorities have had powers to regulate entry, fares Programme of Meetings 20 and conditions of operation for taxis ever since the Town Police Clauses Act of 1847. and most exercise these powers. The 1985 Committee 21 Act liberalised entry to the industry. but allowed authorities to refuse licenses if it could be demonstrated that there was no Copy Dates 22 'significant unmet demand', Thus there has been a growing industry in studies of taxi demand, of which the Institute at Leeds has undertaken a SUbstantial number. Evidence from cases fought through the Crown Courts so far suggested that it was very difficult to define what is meant by significant unmet demand, with consequential inconsistencies in decisions. For instance in Stockton the growth in the number of hire cars was accepted as evidence of unmet demand, whereas in similar circumstances elsewhere that argument has failed. Similarly the degree to which a lack of taxis at peak times or in out-of-cntre locations has been accepted as evidence has varied.
    [Show full text]
  • The Hovercraft
    Afterburner Book Reviews THE AVRO TYPE 698 VULCAN The Secrets behind its Design and Development By D W Fildes Pen & Sword Aviation, Pen & Sword Books, 47 Church Street, Barnsley, S Yorkshire S70 2AS, UK. 2012. 487pp. Illustrated. £30. ISBN 978-1-84884- 284-7. The previous Royal Aeronautical Society Chief Executive Keith Mans and I fi rst met on the fl ight deck of an Avro Vulcan B2 at RAF Oakington in 1967. It had been brought in to convince trainee multi-engine pilots that we should join No 1 Group of board to advice for model makers. It is a tremendous Above: Avro Vulcan B2. Bomber Command and Keith was suffi ciently smitten book for dipping into and for fi nding yet another Left: The fi rst prototype Avro to wax lyrical about the mighty delta. It would be ten serendipitous piece of fascinating information. I 698 Vulcan, VX770. All RAeS (NAL). years before I got to fl y the Vulcan and Keith was interviewed many of the original design teams in the right — it was a tremendous machine and one for 1970s and I propped up the bar with Roly Falk at which I have only the fondest memories. I nearly lost the 25th anniversary evening at Scampton in June a Canberra once — never a Vulcan, and the fact that 1981. But I never knew that some Avro bright spark it looked after a whole host of aircrew while being a proposed a target marker version in the 1951 Type primordial weapon of war spoke volumes for the fi rm 698 Design Brochure.
    [Show full text]