Geomorfología De La Cuenca Del Glaciar Chico, Campos De Hielo Sur, Chile Austral

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Geomorfología De La Cuenca Del Glaciar Chico, Campos De Hielo Sur, Chile Austral Geomorfología de la cuenca del Glaciar Chico, Campos de Hielo Sur, Chile Austral ÍNDICE ......................................................................................................................1 Índice de Tablas, Perfiles y Figuras..........................................................................2 Resumen...................................................................................................................4 1. INTRODUCCIÓN...........................................................................................5 1.1 Estado del asunto................................................................................5 1.2 Hipótesis............................................................................................17 1.3 Propósito del Estudio.........................................................................17 2. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS........................................................................18 2.1 Área de Estudio.................................................................................18 2.2 Procedimientos..................................................................................24 2.2.1 Materiales..........................................................................................24 2.2.2 Métodos.............................................................................................25 Pre – Terreno....................................................................................26 Campañas de Terreno.......................................................................27 Post - Terreno................................................................................... 30 Procesamiento de Datos...................................................................30 Zonación del Sistema de la Cuenca Glaciar......................................33 Morfología del glaciar en distintos estadios evolutivos......................34 Clasificación Morfológica del Valle del Glaciar Chico........................35 3. RESULTADOS.............................................................................................36 3.1 Zonación del Sistema de la Cuenca del Glaciar y la Relación entre sus partes...........................................................36 3.1.1 Dominio Terminal..............................................................................37 3.1.2 Dominio Proglacial............................................................................43 3.1.3 Dominio Supraglacial........................................................................46 3.1.4 Dominio Yuxtaglacial.........................................................................52 3.1.5 Dominio Infraglacial...........................................................................56 3.1.6 Dominio Glacial................................................................................. 63 3.1.7 Dominio Periglacial.............................................................................68 3.2 Morfología del Glaciar en Diferentes Estadios Evolutivos..................70 3.2.1 Situación en 1945...............................................................................70 3.2.2 Situación en 1975...............................................................................72 3.2.3 Situación en 1995...............................................................................75 3.2.4 Situación en 1997...............................................................................78 3.3 Clasificación Morfológica del Valle del Glaciar Chico........................80 4. DISCUSIONES.............................................................................................89 5. CONCLUSIONES.........................................................................................96 6. BIBLIOGRAFÍA..........................................................................................100 - 1 - Geomorfología de la cuenca del Glaciar Chico, Campos de Hielo Sur, Chile Austral Índice de Tablas, Perfiles y Figuras Tablas Tabla 1: Datos del Glaciar.................................................................................................................22 Tabla 2: Cartografía de Referencia...................................................................................................24 Tabla 3: Fotografías Aéreas..............................................................................................................24 Tabla 4: Imágenes Satelitales de la Zona de Estudio.......................................................................25 Tabla 5: Instrumental.........................................................................................................................25 Tabla 6: Software de Procesamiento................................................................................................25 Perfiles Perfil 1: Perfil Este – Oeste Península Lago Chico...........................................................................41 Perfil 2: Perfil Sur – Norte Zona Acumulación Glaciar Chico 2001...................................................86 Perfil 3: Perfil Sur – Norte Zona Ablación Glaciar Chico 2004..........................................................87 Perfil 4: Unión de Perfiles Sur – Norte Glaciar Chico 2001 – 2004...................................................88 Figuras Figura 1: Patagonia Chilena, Campos de Hielo Sur, Lago O’Higgins, Glaciar Chico..........................5 Figura 2: Carta geomorfológica cuencas Glaciares O’Higgins y Chico.............................................10 Figura 3: Bloque diagrama sector Noreste Campos de Hielo Sur.....................................................11 Figura 4: Carta geomorfológica y zonación cuencas glaciares O’Higgins, Chico y Gaea.................11 Figura 5: Imagen satelital ASTER.....................................................................................................12 Figura 6: Análisis dela variación frontal del Glaciar Upsala utilizando imágenes satelitales y fotografías aéreas..............................................................................................................................14 Figura 7: Glaciar Chico......................................................................................................................18 Figura 8: Cuenca Glaciar Chico .......................................................................................................21 Figura 9: Cuenca Glaciar Chico y línea de equilibrio........................................................................22 Figura 10: Trazado de la falla del Glaciar Chico ..............................................................................23 Figura 11: Par estereoscópico cuenca Glaciar Chico.......................................................................26 Figura 12: Carta vectorial del área de estudio...................................................................................27 Figura 13: Rutas Ay B, circuitos de levantamiento de información campañas 2004 – 2005.............29 Figura 14: GPC sobre imagen satelital..............................................................................................30 Figura 15: Plano topográfico de la Península del Lago Chico...........................................................31 Figura 16: Imagen Pancromática, recortes de fotografías aéreas con información vectorial topográfica.........................................................................................................................................32 Figura 17: Zonación cuenca Glaciar Chico.......................................................................................36 Figura 18: Fenómeno de meltwater...................................................................................................38 Figura 19: Lago terminal y frente desprendente sector Noroeste Glaciar Chico...............................38 Figura 20: Dominio terminal valle Glaciar Gaea................................................................................39 Figura 21: Valle Glaciar Gaea...........................................................................................................40 Figura 22: Trazado de perfil Península Lago Chico..........................................................................41 Figura 23: Varves sector Norte morrena terminal externa Península Lago Chico............................42 Figura 24: Playa acrecional sector sur Península Lago Chico..........................................................44 Figura 25: Carta Geomorfológica Península Lago Chico dominio terminal y proglacial...................45 Figura 26: Glaciar Gorra Blanca Norte tributario del Glaciar Chico...................................................49 Figura 27: Glaciar Pirámide tributario Glaciar Chico.........................................................................49 Figura 28: Cobertura detrítica supraglacial.......................................................................................50 Figura 29: Formas erosionales dominio supraglacial........................................................................51 Figura 30: Formas erosionales dominio yuxtaglacial........................................................................52 Figura 31: Sistemas morrénicos dominios supraglacial y yuxtaglacial..............................................53 Figura 32: Formas erosionales y deposicionales dominios supraglacial y yuxtaglacial....................54 Figura 33: Terrazas de Kames dominio yuxtaglacial vertiente este..................................................55
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