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Washington Division of Geology and Earth Resources Open File Report
l 122 EARTHQUAKES AND SEISMOLOGY - LEGAL ASPECTS OPEN FILE REPORT 92-2 EARTHQUAKES AND Ludwin, R. S.; Malone, S. D.; Crosson, R. EARTHQUAKES AND SEISMOLOGY - LEGAL S.; Qamar, A. I., 1991, Washington SEISMOLOGY - 1946 EVENT ASPECTS eanhquak:es, 1985. Clague, J. J., 1989, Research on eanh- Ludwin, R. S.; Qamar, A. I., 1991, Reeval Perkins, J. B.; Moy, Kenneth, 1989, Llabil quak:e-induced ground failures in south uation of the 19th century Washington ity of local government for earthquake western British Columbia [abstract). and Oregon eanhquake catalog using hazards and losses-A guide to the law Evans, S. G., 1989, The 1946 Mount Colo original accounts-The moderate sized and its impacts in the States of Califor nel Foster rock avalanches and auoci earthquake of May l, 1882 [abstract). nia, Alaska, Utah, and Washington; ated displacement wave, Vancouver Is Final repon. Maley, Richard, 1986, Strong motion accel land, British Columbia. erograph stations in Oregon and Wash Hasegawa, H. S.; Rogers, G. C., 1978, EARTHQUAKES AND ington (April 1986). Appendix C Quantification of the magnitude 7.3, SEISMOLOGY - NETWORKS Malone, S. D., 1991, The HAWK seismic British Columbia earthquake of June 23, AND CATALOGS data acquisition and analysis system 1946. [abstract). Berg, J. W., Jr.; Baker, C. D., 1963, Oregon Hodgson, E. A., 1946, British Columbia eanhquak:es, 1841 through 1958 [ab Milne, W. G., 1953, Seismological investi earthquake, June 23, 1946. gations in British Columbia (abstract). stract). Hodgson, J. H.; Milne, W. G., 1951, Direc Chan, W.W., 1988, Network and array anal Munro, P. S.; Halliday, R. J.; Shannon, W. -
Winter 2011-2012
Winter 11/12 Issue #2 2011/12 Season PNSIA-EF Season Guide Inside 2011-2012 event dates & descriptions Winter Blast Feb 6-7 @ Stevens Pass 2-day Immersion Feb 8-10 @ Mission Ridge an alternative way to Divisional Academy Mar 9-11 @ Whitefish Alpine & Snowboard Exam Modules make V2 skating easy by Don Portman Mar 17-18, Mar 24-25, Mar 31-Apr 1, Apr 7-8 Symposium Apr 13-15 @ Mt Bachelor would you take a lesson from yourself? insight from Manon Burke plus pro tips, children's tips and more... Bergans of Norway is a proud supporter of PSIA-NW www.bergans.com; Bergans North America, Seattle, WA; (206) 329-2088; [email protected] 2 NW Snowsports Instructor contents features contributions 4 Dues Increase Scheduled for Next Season an alternative by Jack Burns, President and 12 Ed Younglove, NW Representative & way to make V2 PSIA-AASI Operations V.P. skating easy 5 Call for Candidates by Don Portman by Mary Germeau, Executive V.P. 6 The Joys of Teaching by Tyler Barnes, Communications V.P. 7 What’s New at Your Northwest Ski Areas 2011-2012 by Scott Kaden, PNSAA President 14 SEASON GUIDE 8 Certification: an Open Memo to the Northwest Division Event Dates & Descriptions by Chris Thompson, Certification V.P. 9 Adaptive Level I & II Get a New Look by John Stevenson, Adaptive Chair 10 In Memory of Joy Lucas by Kathy Hand 20 would you take 11 Excerpt from It Started in the Mountains by Joy Lucas a lesson from yourself? 14 Welcome to the 2011-2012 Season by Kirsten Huotte, Executive Director by Manon Burke 21 Adult Teaching Handbook Review by Ed Kane 24 Snow Pro Tips by Brad Jacobson, Jeremy Riss, Brett Urbach, John Stevenson and Jenn Lockwood 27 Fly on the Wall: An Exam Shadow by Brad Walsh 28 Pink Elephants & Flaming Ducks Children’s Tips by Terry McLeod, Kelly Medler, Caron MacLane and one shared by Joy Lucas 30 Balancing Movements Revisited Senior Moment by Ed Kane Divisional Academy 2011 at Mission Ridge where we were joined by Glen and Kimberly Plake. -
Geology and Structural Evolution of the Foss River-Deception Creek Area, Cascade Mountains, Washington
AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF James William McDougall for the degree of Master of Science in Geology presented on Lune, icnct Title: GEOLOGY AND STRUCTURALEVOLUTION OF THE FOSS RIVER-DECEPTION CREEK AREA,CASCADE MOUNTAINS, WASHINGTOV, Redacted for Privacy Abstract approved: Robert S. Yekis Southwest of Stevens Pass, Washington,immediately west of the crest of the Cascade Range, pre-Tertiaryrocks include the Chiwaukum Schist, dominantly biotite-quartzschist characterized by a polyphase metamorphic history,that correlates with schistose basement east of the area of study.Pre-Tertiary Easton Schist, dominated by graphitic phyllite, is principallyexposed in a horst on Tonga Ridge, however, it also occurs eastof the horst.Altered peridotite correlated to Late Jurassic IngallsComplex crops out on the western margin of the Mount Stuart uplift nearDeception Pass. The Mount Stuart batholith of Late Cretaceous age,dominantly granodiorite to tonalite, and its satellite, the Beck lerPeak stock, intrude Chiwaukum Schist, Easton Schist, andIngalls Complex. Tertiary rocks include early Eocene Swauk Formation, a thick sequence of fluviatile polymictic conglomerateand arkosic sandstone that contains clasts resembling metamorphic and plutonic basement rocks in the northwestern part of the thesis area.The Swauk Formation lacks clasts of Chiwaukum Schist that would be ex- pected from source areas to the east and northeast.The Oligocene (?) Mount Daniel volcanics, dominated by altered pyroclastic rocks, in- trude and unconformably overlie the Swauk Formation.The -
USGS Geologic Investigations Series I-1963, Pamphlet
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR TO ACCOMPANY MAP I-1963 U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY GEOLOGIC MAP OF THE SKYKOMISH RIVER 30- BY 60 MINUTE QUADRANGLE, WASHINGTON By R.W. Tabor, V.A. Frizzell, Jr., D.B. Booth, R.B. Waitt, J.T. Whetten, and R.E. Zartman INTRODUCTION From the eastern-most edges of suburban Seattle, the Skykomish River quadrangle stretches east across the low rolling hills and broad river valleys of the Puget Lowland, across the forested foothills of the North Cascades, and across high meadowlands to the bare rock peaks of the Cascade crest. The quadrangle straddles parts of two major river systems, the Skykomish and the Snoqualmie Rivers, which drain westward from the mountains to the lowlands (figs. 1 and 2). In the late 19th Century mineral deposits were discovered in the Monte Cristo, Silver Creek and the Index mining districts within the Skykomish River quadrangle. Soon after came the geologists: Spurr (1901) studied base- and precious- metal deposits in the Monte Cristo district and Weaver (1912a) and Smith (1915, 1916, 1917) in the Index district. General geologic mapping was begun by Oles (1956), Galster (1956), and Yeats (1958a) who mapped many of the essential features recognized today. Areas in which additional studies have been undertaken are shown on figure 3. Our work in the Skykomish River quadrangle, the northwest quadrant of the Wenatchee 1° by 2° quadrangle, began in 1975 and is part of a larger mapping project covering the Wenatchee quadrangle (fig. 1). Tabor, Frizzell, Whetten, and Booth have primary responsibility for bedrock mapping and compilation. -
Sahalie Historical Note #7: the Snoqualmie Pass Ski Lodges
Sahalie Historical Note #7: The Snoqualmie Pass Ski Lodges The history of club lodges at Snoqualmie Pass begins in 1914 and expands through the 1920s and 1930s, when enthusiasm for winter recreation first began to take off in the Northwest. The earliest general news article that describes the various accommodations at the Pass dates from 1933.1 It describes the Kendall Peak Lodge “built by a group of Seattleites” and the College Club’s lodge above Lake Keechelus, called either Mountain Goat Lodge or Roaring Creek Lodge; the article also notes a lodge run by the Helen Bush School for Girls. All have since disappeared, to my knowledge. (If you know differently, or can provide background, speak up.) Newspapers around 1940 also mention a Sno‐Owl Ski Club with a cabin at the Pass, but I can’t find anything more about it. Another good summary article of ski clubs in the area was published in late 1944.2 Enos Bradner noted that, “ Skiers who reside in the vicinity of Seattle have spread out before them as varied and as exciting a ski terrain in the Cascades and the Olympics as will be found anywhere in the United States….” The main anchors over the years at Snoqualmie Pass include the Mountaineers, Seattle Ski Club, Sahalie, Washington Alpine and, more recently, Berghaus. Here is a quick snapshot with some history for each. The Mountaineers. This venerable organization (founded in 1906) is the oldest club to have had a lodge in the Snoqualmie Pass area. The Mountaineers built its first lodge just west of the summit above Rockdale in 1914. -
Feature Web 05-04
the Centers for Disease Control, only 15 percent of the Healthy Hiking U.S. adult population is getting enough physical activity. “Our goal,” says Julie CHIEFELBEIN Gerberding, Director of the S AVE CDC, “is to help people D understand that even modest activity such as walking or gardening is a step in the right direction.” According to the American Hiking Society, the benefits of hiking or walking just 30 minutes a day are impressive: ⌧Decreased cholesterol ⌧Lowering of blood pressure ⌧Releasing of calming endorphins ⌧Preventing osteoporosis ⌧Relieving back pain ⌧Reducing insulin needed by diabetics Detailed info on these Getting fit on studies are available at www.americanhiking.org. the trail is For those of us who already hike, none of this is terribly surprising. easy, fun, and “It’s a great break from the routine,” says Debra Gore, a good for you. family practice doctor with Group Health in Spokane. “It’s a great stress relief from the hassles of sitting in front of a computer all day.” And for those who want to get out more and enjoy these benefits, there’s good news: you don’t have to be a buff mountain By Andrew Engelson years later, he’s still getting up into the climber to get started. It’s easy. backcountry. He and other hikers his As with any exercise program, if Julian Ansell is evidence that hiking age are as good a case as any for the you’re just beginning, consult your is good for you. physical and emotional benefits of doctor or medical provider first to The retired physician and Washing- hiking. -
Review Article Magma Loading in the Southern Coast Plutonic Complex, British Columbia and Washington
GeoScienceWorld Lithosphere Volume 2020, Article ID 8856566, 17 pages https://doi.org/10.2113/2020/8856566 Review Article Magma Loading in the Southern Coast Plutonic Complex, British Columbia and Washington E. H. Brown Department of Geology, Western Washington University, USA Correspondence should be addressed to E. H. Brown; [email protected] Received 2 May 2020; Accepted 22 September 2020; Published 10 November 2020 Academic Editor: Tamer S. Abu-Alam Copyright © 2020 E. H. Brown. Exclusive Licensee GeoScienceWorld. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0). The southen end of the 1800 km long Coast Plutonic Complex (CPC), exposed in the Harrison Lake area of British Columbia and in the North Cascades of Washington, bears a record of great crustal thickening -20 to 40 km in localized zones during Late Cretaceous times. During this period, the CPC was positioned at the continental margin during collision/subduction of the Farallon plate. Arc magmatism and regional orogenic contraction were both active as potential crustal thickening processes. Magmatism is favored in this report as the dominant factor based on the delineation of four spatially and temporally separate loading events, the close association of the loaded areas with emplacement of large plutons, and a paucity of evidence of deep regional tectonic contraction. The timing and spatial location of crustal loading events are documented by the following: zircon ages in plutons; an early event of low pressure in pluton aureoles evidenced by andalusite, now pseudomorphed by high- pressure minerals; high pressures in country rock in pluton aureoles measured by mineral compositions in the assemblages garnet-biotite-muscovite-plagioclase and garnet-aluminum silicate-plagioclase; high pressures recorded in plutons by Al-in- hornblende barometry; and uplift ages of plutons derived from K-Ar and Ar-Ar ages of micas and hornblende in plutons. -
AVALANCHE! Yell It Out! by Dave Galvin
AVALANCHE! Yell it out! by Dave Galvin We live and recreate in the corner of the globe (do globes really have corners?) with the largest snowfall on record (world record is held by Mt. Baker Ski Area @1,140 inches or 95 feet in 1998‐‘99, followed by Mt. Rainier ‐ Paradise@1,120 inches or 93 feet in 1971‐’72). Such snow accumulation, especially in big dumps such as happened over the weekend of February 17‐19, 2012, often leads to snow sliding downhill unexpectedly. With often deadly results. Avalanche photo from Wikipedia. Lawine.jpg @ Click on this link: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lawine.jpg . Big Avalanches - YouTube www.youtube.com/watch?v=B0RWLxOFGLY ► 1:54► 1:54 and watch the 2‐minute clip. Turn off the annoying music that accompanies the hair‐raising video (the music implies a “yee‐ha, ride‐‘em” attitude that is disrespectful of those who have died). If your palms don’t sweat by the ending, you don’t have a pulse. Note one thing in the film clip above: how fast that snow was moving. You cannot out‐ski or out‐board the downhill momentum of an avalanche – one’s only hope, once caught, is to get off to the side, or to ride it out while staying near the surface and hope you have helpers nearby. The goal is to not get caught. More about hope below. An avalanche is “a sudden, drastic flow of snow down a slope, occurring when either natural triggers, such as loading from new snow or rain, or artificial triggers, such as snowmobilers, explosives or backcountry skiers, overload the snowpack.”1 Here in the Northwest, we typically have what are called “slab avalanches,” which react to a stress point and result in a whole section of snow (a slab) to break free and start to move downhill. -
Observer Central Washington University
Central Washington University ScholarWorks@CWU CWU Student Newspaper University Archives and Special Collections 1-22-2004 Observer Central Washington University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.cwu.edu/cwu_student_newspaper Recommended Citation Central Washington University, "Observer" (2004). CWU Student Newspaper. 2232. https://digitalcommons.cwu.edu/cwu_student_newspaper/2232 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the University Archives and Special Collections at ScholarWorks@CWU. It has been accepted for inclusion in CWU Student Newspaper by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@CWU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Bi\SIIB1-~Bi\LL LC)SES IN FIN.i\L SECC>NDS PAGE· 12 CENTRAL WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY 'Thursday, Jan. 2 2, 2 0 0 4/ Vo I. 7 7 no . 1 0 w w w . c w u . c d u I - o b s c r v c r Campus police submit crime• report by Erik Swenningson Staff reporter Preliminary crime statistics for 2003, released by· the Central Washington University Police Department, show a drop in frequen cy for several types of crime on cam pus. Universities or colleges that accept federal funding are required to keep track of and make available to the public, crime statistics on campus under the Jeanne Clery Act of 1998. The statistics don't have to be turned in to the government until October of the year after they hap pened. "I could wait that long, and not say anything until they were official, but that's not going to do you, me or our community any good," Police Chief Steve Rittereiser said. -
Washington Alpine Club
Sahalie Historical Note # 9: Our Neighbors, Washington Alpine Club Right across the road from Sahalie Ski Club is a neighbor organization with a history as long and colorful as our own ‐‐actually even more so on both counts. The Washington Alpine Club was formed in 1916 by a remarkable early character in the outdoor Northwest: Anna Louise Strong. Anna Louise arrived in Seattle that year, a 30‐year‐old Ph.D., author, outdoor enthusiast and radical. She must have been somewhat intimidating ‐‐ a whirlwind in the young pioneer city of Seattle. She immediately organized five summer camping expeditions to Mt. Rainier, each with 40 to 50 participants. This group, known as the Cooperative Campers, formed the origins of the Washington Alpine Club.1 Anna Louise is credited with the first winter ascent of Mt. Hood, and served as a guide (the first female?) on Mt. Rainier. She was elected to the Seattle School Board, joined the Wobblies as a socialist sympathizer, and editorialized in support of the 1919 general strike. She eventually became so radicalized that she moved first to the Soviet Union and then to China, where she hobnobbed Anna Louise Strong c. 1913 (photo from with Mao and was buried with state honors in Beijing when U.W. Special Collections, #UW340) she died there in 1970.2 3 Quite the character, indeed! Her later exploits were so off the charts that “her name was an anathema to many [Washington Alpine] Club members.”4 The Cooperative Campers persisted after the founding whirlwind moved on. Renamed the Washington Alpine Club in 1927, it branched out into promotion of hiking, climbing, skiing and all‐things‐backcountry. -
Federal Register / Vol
Wednesday, August 13, 2008 Part III Department of the Interior Fish and Wildlife Service 50 CFR Part 17 Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Revised Designation of Critical Habitat for the Northern Spotted Owl; Final Rule VerDate Aug<31>2005 17:05 Aug 12, 2008 Jkt 214001 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 4717 Sfmt 4717 E:\FR\FM\13AUR2.SGM 13AUR2 rwilkins on PROD1PC63 with RULES_2 47326 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 157 / Wednesday, August 13, 2008 / Rules and Regulations DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Background habitat designation in the westside It is our intent to discuss only those provinces. The landscape management Fish and Wildlife Service topics directly relevant to the revised approach for the eastside provinces, designation of critical habitat in this identified in the 2008 final recovery 50 CFR Part 17 rule. For more information on the plan (USFWS 2008) and by the northern spotted owl and critical Sustainable Ecosystems Institute (SEI) [FWS-R1-ES-2008–0051; 92210-1117-0000- Scientific Panel (SEI 2008) as the most FY08-B4] habitat, please refer to the proposed rule published in the Federal Register on effective approach for managing RIN 1018-AU37 June 12, 2007 (72 FR 32450). northern spotted owl habitat in dry Prior and subsequent to the listing of forests, was not incorporated into this Endangered and Threatened Wildlife the northern spotted owl in 1990 (55 FR rule because it cannot be translated into and Plants; Revised Designation of 26114), many committees, task forces, critical habitat at this time, until the Critical Habitat for the Northern and work groups were formed to new approach called for by the recovery Spotted Owl develop conservation strategies for the plan is further defined. -
Across the Cascade Range
Series I B> DescriPtive Geology- 4l Bulletin No. 235 \ D, Petrography and Mineralogy, DEPARTMENT'OF THE INTERIOR UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CHARLES \). WALCOTT, Di HECTOR GEOLOGICAL RECONNAISSANCE ACROSS THE CASCADE RANGE NEAR THE FORTY-NINTH PARALLEL GEORGE OTIS SMITH AND FRANK C. CALKINS WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1904 Trri-o^) SL'BD C 0 N T E N T S. I'lliJO. Letter of transmittal. ---_--_---..-.._-_.____.._-______._....._.._____.._.. 9 Introduction-__-._.__,.__-.----._--._._.__..._....__....---_--__._.__.-.-_- 11 Scope of report ---.--_.____.._______-.--....._---.._...._.__ ._.- 11 Route followed ........................:......................... 12 Geography .............................................................. 12 Topography .......................................................... 12 Primary divisions of the region..--.........-.--.-.--.-.-.. 12 Okanogan Valley .................:.. ............................ 18 Cascade Range ...............:........,..._ ....^......i........ 13 General characteristics..._.....-.....-..----.--.----.-.-..-.. 13 Northern termination.,.---.....-......--.-.............._ 13 Subdivision .............................................. 14 Okanogan Mountains ........................................... 14 Hozonieen Range ............................................ 15 Skagit Mountains....-.... ......-.----....-.-----..-...--.--- 16 Drainage ..................................................... 17 Climate ...................................................... ...... 17 Roads and trails