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Historical Dynamics of Ọjị Ezinihitte Cultural Festival in Igboland, Nigeria
67 International Journal of Modern Anthropology Int. J. Mod. Anthrop. 2020. Vol. 2, Issue 13, pp: 67 - 98 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijma.v2i13.2 Available online at: www.ata.org.tn & https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ijma Research Article Historical dynamics of Ọjị Ezinihitte cultural festival in Igboland, Nigeria Akachi Odoemene Department of History and International Studies, Federal University Otuoke, Bayelsa State, Nigeria E-mail: [email protected] (Received 6 January 2020; Accepted 16 May 2020; Published 6 June 2020) Abstract - Ọjị (kola nut) is indispensable in traditional life of the Igbo of Nigeria. It plays an intrinsic role in almost all segments of the people‟s cultural life. In the Ọjị Ezinihitte festivity the „kola tradition‟ is meaningfully and elaborately celebrated. This article examines the importance of Ọjị within the context of Ezinihitte socio-cultural heritage, and equally accounts for continuity and change within it. An eclectic framework in data collection was utilized for this research. This involved the use of key-informant interviews, direct observation as well as extant textual sources (both published and un-published), including archival documents, for the purposes of the study. In terms of analysis, the study utilized the qualitative analytical approach. This was employed towards ensuring that the three basic purposes of this study – exploration, description and explanation – are well articulated and attained. The paper provided background for a proper understanding of the „sacred origin‟ of the Ọjị festive celebration. Through a vivid account of the festival‟s processes and rituals, it achieved a reconstruction of the festivity‟s origins and evolutionary trajectories and argues the festival as reflecting the people‟s spirit of fraternity and conviviality. -
A Socio- Economic History of Alcohol in Southeastern Nigeria Since 1890
CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Background to the Study Alcohol has various socio-economic and cultural functions among the people of southeastern Nigeria. It is used in rituals, marriages, oath taking, festivals and entertainment. It is presented as a mark of respect and dignity. The basic alcoholic beverage produced and consumed in the area was palm -wine tapped from the oil palm tree or from the raffia- palm. Korieh notes that, from the fifteenth century contacts between the Europeans and peoples of eastern Nigeria especially during the Atlantic slave trade era, brought new varieties of alcoholic beverages primarily, gin and whisky.1 Thus, beginning from this period, gins especially schnapps from Holland became integrated in local culture of the peoples of Eastern Nigeria and even assumed ritual position.2 From the 1880s, alcohol became accepted as a medium of exchange for goods and services and a store of wealth.3 By the early twentieth century, alcohol played a major role in the Nigerian economy as one third of Nigeria‘s income was derived from import duties on liquor.4 Nevertheless, prior to the contact of the people of Southern Nigeria with the Europeans, alcohol was derived mainly from the oil palm and raffia palm trees which were numerous in the area. These palms were tapped and the sap collected and drunk at various occasions. From the era of the Trans- Atlantic slave trade, the import of gin, rum and whisky became prevalent.These were used in ex-change for slaves and to pay comey – a type of gratification to the chiefs. Even with the rise of legitimate trade in the 19th century alcoholic beverages of various sorts continued to play important roles in international trade.5 Centuries of importation of gin into the area led to the entrenchment of imported gin in the culture of the people. -
Omenala and Omenachukwu in Igbo World View: a Philosophical Equipoise
OMENALA AND OMENACHUKWU IN IGBO WORLD VIEW: A PHILOSOPHICAL EQUIPOISE Jude I. Onebunne* Abstract Omenala and Omenachukwu are wings of basic and fundamental human trado-religious activities and interactions in Igbo society. Omenala as basic human culture can be defined as shared pattern of behaviour and interactions, cognitive constructions and affective understanding that are learnt through a process of inter and intra socialization. Omenachukwu translates essentially as Divine Culture and in a large sense, Christianity and by extension, inculturation. Omenala and Omenachukwu are basic human activities within human society in relation to a patterned way of life as well as to a being of a sort. In this paper, the researcher using the method of unaided critical analysis finds out that in Igbo Society, between omenala and omenachukwu is a vital activity seen in ‘ome’ and the conjunction ‘na’ relates the activity either to culture as expressed in the concept of ala and Chukwu as to a supreme being. Keywords: Omenala, Omenachukwu, Tradition, Religion, Culture, Socialization Introduction The Igbo is an ethnic group native to the present-day south- central and southeastern Nigeria. Geographically, the Igbo homeland is divided into two unequal sections by the Niger River; an eastern (which is the larger of the two) and a western section. The Igbo people are one of the largest ethnic groups in West Africa. They are socially and culturally diverse. Igbo culture (Omenala) includes the customs, practices and traditions of the Igbo people. They have a dynamic and fascinating cultural heritage that says much about them. It Nnadiebube Journal of Philosophy, Vol.3(1), 2019 comprises archaic practices as well as new concepts added into the Igbo culture either by cultural evolution or by outside influence. -
1 the Influence of Igbo Catechists on Roman
1 THE INFLUENCE OF IGBO CATECHISTS ON ROMAN CATHOLICISM IN IGBOLAND (1888 -1931) BY UMEIKE, RICHARDMARY CHIGBOOGU REG. NO: 2011077019F DEPARTMENT OF RELIGION AND HUMAN RELATIONS, FACULTY OF ARTS NNAMDI AZIKIWE UNIVERSITY, AWKA-NIGERIA MARCH, 2019. 2 THE INFLUENCE OF IGBO CATECHISTS ON ROMAN CATHOLICISM IN IGBOLAND (1888 -1931) BY UMEIKE,RICHARDMARY CHIGBOOGU REG. NO: 2011077019F A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF RELIGION AND HUMAN RELATIONS, IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THEDEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (Ph.D) IN RELIGION AND HUMAN RELATIONS (HISTORY OF CHRISTIANITY) FACULTY OF ARTS NNAMDI AZIKIWE UNIVERSITY, AWKA MARCH, 2019. 3 CERTIFICATION I,Umeike, RichardMary Chigboogu with Registration number 2011077019F, hereby certify that this thesis is original and have been written by me. It is a record of my research and has not been submitted before in part or full for any other diploma or degree of this university or any institution or any previous publications. _____________________________ _________________ Umeike, RichardMary Chigboogu Date (Student) 4 APPROVAL We certify that this dissertation carried out under our supervision, has been examined and found to have met the regulations of Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka. We therefore approve the work for the award of Ph.D in Religion and Human Relations (History of Christianity). __________________ ________________ Prof. L.E. Ugwueye Date Supervisor ________________________ ________________ Pro. O.O.C. Uche Date Head of Department ______________________________ _________________ Fr. Prof. Bona Umeogu Date Dean Faculty of Arts ______________________________ _________________ Prof. R.K. Igbokwe Date Dean, School of Post Graduate Studies _______________________________ ________________ External Examiner Date 5 DEDICATION To all Catechists whose inestimable sacrifices watered the seed of Igbo Roman Catholicism. -
Perception of Sources, Accessibility and Consequences of Domestic Water Supply in Mbaitoli Local Government Area of Imo State, Nigeria
Advances in Life Science and Technology www.iiste.org ISSN 2224-7181 (Paper) ISSN 2225-062X (Online) Vol.18, 2014 Perception of Sources, Accessibility and Consequences of Domestic Water Supply in Mbaitoli Local Government Area of Imo State, Nigeria. 1Dr. Emmanuel. A. Ubuoh, 2Dr. M. C.Obeta and 3Mr. E. C. Eze 1Department of Environmental Management Technology, Federal College of Land Resources Technology, Owerri ,Imo State, P.M. B. 1518, Owerri, Imo State 2Department of Geography, University of Nigeria, Nsukka. 3Department of Surveying and Geo-informatics, Federal College of Land Resources Technology, Owerri, Imo State Correspondence author :e-mail: [email protected] ; GSM: +2348037639777 Abstract: The study focused on the accessibility and consequences of domestic water supply(DWS) in Mbaitoli L. G.A. Structured questionnaire was administered on 10 autonomous communities that were randomly selected. Sources of DWS evaluated includes : bore hole, stream, pond, rainwater, underground water, water vendor and pipe borne water. The results revealed that rainwater consumption has the highest percentage of 24% with pipe borne water having the lowest percentage of 1%. Accessibility study revealed that 26% travelled between 1-2km, 51% between 3-4km and 23% revealed above >4 km in search of water. The result hygienic condition shown that 69% affirmed the poor hygienic conditions of sources of DWS, while 48% do not treat water meant for drinking and provision of potable water is on self-help basis constituting 76%, with Government having 16%, and Non-governmental Organizations(NGOs) constituting 8%. Based on the results, Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) should be practiced to include Government and NGOs involvement in water supply, operation and maintenance (O&M) of rainwater harvesting (RWH) to: improves water availability, its proximity, its quantity and its quality in order to eradicate women's and girl’s children burden of collecting water for domestic use and reduce the amount of rainwater that goes to the drainage in order to avoid the floods phenomena. -
1 Unn/Pg/2018- Agbo Precious F Enugu M.Sc B.Nigeria Agric Nsukka: University : Dr
DEPARTMENT : AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS APPLICATION DEGREE- SN NO FULLNAME SEX STATE IN-VIEW QUALIFICATION SUPERVISOR (S) B. AGRIC : KOGI STATE UNIVERSTY AYINGBA : UNN/PG/2018- 2013; M.SC : PROF.C.J. ARENE & DR 1 19/000838 OGALA MARK ALEWO M KOGI PH.D UNIVERSTY OF B.C. OKPUKPARA B.AGRIC.TECH. : FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY UNN/PG/2018- OSUAFOR OGONNA OWERRI, IMO STATE : PROF.N.J. NWEZE & 2 19/001136 OLIVE F ANAMBRA PH.D 2008; MSC : PROF A.A.ENETE B.SC : UNIVERSITY OF UNN/PG/2018- ATTAMAH CHINONYELUM NIGERIA, NSUKKA : 3 19/001541 LILIAN F ENUGU M.SC 2017 DR.P.I. OPATA B.AGRIC( AGRICULTURAL UNN/PG/2018- ECONOMICS) : PROF.A.A.ENETE & DR 4 19/001389 OSAYI CHINWE PRISCA F ANAMBRA PH.D MICHAEL OKPARA N.A.CHUKWUONE B. TECH AGRICULTURE : ABUBAKAR TAFAWA BALEWA UNIVERSITY UNN/PG/2018- USMAN FRANCIS BAUCHI : 2005; M.SC PROF. C.J. ARENE & DR 5 19/000913 ROBERT M KOGI PH.D AGRICULTURAL B.C. OKPUKPARA B.SC : UNIVERSITY OF CALABAR : 2011; M.SC UNN/PG/2018- CROSS : UNIVERSITY OF PROF.MRS A.I.ACHIKE 6 19/001711 EKURI PATIENCE OMOM F RIVERS PH.D CALABAR : 2016 & DR N.A. CHUKWUONE B.SC.AGRIC : UNIVERSITY OF UNN/PG/2018- NIGERIA, NSUKKA. : 7 19/001815 EZEUDU ADAEZE VIVIAN F ENUGU M.SC 1996 PROF.MRS.A.I.ACHIKE DEPARTMENT : AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION SN APPLICATION FULLNAME SEX STATE DEGREE- QUALIFICATION SUPERVISOR (S) NO IN-VIEW 8 UNN/PG/2018- ATTAMAH CLEMENT M ENUGU PH.D BACHELOR OF PROF. M.C.MADUKWE 19/001518 OKECHUKWU AGRICULTURE : UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA : 2012; MASTERS DEGREE : UNIVERSITY OF 9 UNN/PG/2018- ECHEMAZU CHIAMAKA F ENUGU M.SC B.AGRIC : UNIVERSITY DR M.U. -
The Sacred Festival of Iri Ji Ohuru in Igboland, Nigeria UKACHUKWU CHRIS MANUS Obafemi Awolowo University, Nigeria
Nordic Journal of African Studies 16(2): 244–260 (2007) The Sacred Festival of Iri Ji Ohuru in Igboland, Nigeria UKACHUKWU CHRIS MANUS Obafemi Awolowo University, Nigeria ABSTRACT This article examines the religious significance of the New Yams Festival (Iri Ji Ohuru) among the Igbo of south-eastern Nigeria. Secondary data for the study was collected from ethnographical information on the origin of the custom by some well-known Igbologists. An analysis of a major extant etiological myth about the revelation of yams in Igboland is provided. A phenomenological description of the Emume (festival), the primary datum as it directly presented itself to my consciousness when I observed one such festival in my village of birth, Umueze, Uzoagba in the Ikedururu Local Government Area of Imo State, Nigeria, in 2004 is presented. Interview schedules with some elders and a ritual master of this kind of traditional custom was conducted in the village on 12 April 2004 and 1–7 February 2006. To anchor the findings on the place of yams on solid ethno-history, a brief sketch of the migrations of the Igbo people, their religion and the legend about their progenitor, Eri , is discussed. The aim is to provide the socio-religious background for understanding the divine origin and the sacred nature of yams in the traditional belief of the Igbo people. Popular views on the value of yams as principal staple in Igbo gastronomic life as attested in contemporary literary works are related. Matters of great interest to phenomenologists such as the descriptive account of the festival, its ritual acts, the oral nature of the incantations, and the age of the participants are discussed. -
Effects of Healthcare Bill Eagerly Awaited
INSIDE • Improvements planned in Partly cloudy, Hollywood. pg. 3 with temps • Getting creative with around 63º Passover foods. pg. 6 Volume 20 No. 12 Serving the West Hollywood, Hancock Park and Wilshire Communities March 25, 2010 Effects of Healthcare U.S. Labor Secretary Tours Hollywood n Hilda L. Solis Meets Bill Eagerly Awaited With Residents at FamilySource Center n Fairfax Resident is One of Millions to Benefit From New Regulation BY AMY LYONS BY AMY LYONS associated with her sons’ condition uke is 56 years old and has make it hard to get by. The new been looking for job aren Coleman has a 23- healthcare bill, which was signed Lopportunities in real estate year-old son entering grad- into law on Tuesday, might not for several years. Since the Kuate school and a 15-year- change those costs, but it will do Young Policy Institute (YPI) old son in high school. Both young two things that are very important opened the doors of its new men are hemophiliacs, and to Coleman: extend the length of FamilySource Center in East Coleman, a Fairfax area resident, time a child can be covered by his Hollywood in February, Luke has works one job in Long Beach and or her parents’ health insurance to been coming to the center almost another job in Burbank to pay for age 26 and eliminate the pre-exist- every day, taking financial litera- her health costs, which she esti- ing conditions block that currently cy workshops, using the center’s mates are $900 per month. Her hus- prevents many people from buying computers to search for job band is currently unemployed, so health insurance. -
UNN Postgraduate Admission List
2019/2020 POSTGRADUATE ADMISSIONS FACULTY : AGRICULTURE DEPARTMENT : AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS SN APPLICATION NO FULLNAME SEX STATE DEGREE- QUALIFICATION SUPERVISOR (S) IN-VIEW 1 UNN/PG/2019-20/003856 UKWUABA IFEANYI M ENUGU PH.D B.AGRIC : DELTA DR A.N. ONYEKURU SUNDAY STATE UNIVERSITY, ABRAKA : 2006; M.SC : UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA, 2 UNN/PG/2019-20/004309 OSUAFOR OGONNA F ANAMBRA PH.D B.AGRIC : FEDERAL PROF A.A.ENETE OLIVE UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY OWERRI, IMO STATE : 2008; M.SC : 3 UNN/PG/2019-20/003560 OBOT AKANINYENE M AKWA IBOM M.SC BAGRIC : PROF C.J.ARENE PATRICK UNIVERSITY OF CALABAR, CALABAR : 2007 4 UNN/PG/2019-20/003241 UCHA SAMUEL OBINNA M EBONYI PH.D B.AGRIC. PROF A.A.ENETE AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS, MANAGEMENT AND EXTENSION : EBONYI STATE 5 UNN/PG/2019-20/001266 ONWUBIKO IHUOMA F ABIA PH.D HND : UNIVERSITY PROF A.A. ENETE ANGELA CHIDI OF NIGERIA, NSUKKA : 1995; M.SC : UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA, 6 UNN/PG/2019-20/003701 ANARAH SAMUEL . M ANAMBRA PH.D B.TECH : FEDERAL PROF C.U. OKOYE UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY MINNA : 2005; M.SC : NNAMDI 7 UNN/PG/2019-20/003641 GWE MACMILLAN GWE M CROSS RIVERS M.SC B.SC : UNIVERSITY PROF C.J.ARENE OF BAMENDA : 2018 8 UNN/PG/2019-20/003497 OKPOMOR OGHOGHO F DELTA PH.D B.AGRIC (CROP PROF A.I. ACHIKE ENDURANCE PRODUCTION) : FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE, 9 UNN/PG/2019-20/000737 AGU AMARACHI F ENUGU M.SC BACHELOR OF PROF. A.A. ENETE JACINTA AGRICULTURE : UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA, NSUKKA : 2017 10 UNN/PG/2019-20/000853 ASOGWA BENSON M ENUGU M.SC BACHELOR OF DR P.I. -
Nextgen Tap Project Proposal 2014
UNICEF’s Next Generation Tap Project: Providing the World’s Children with Safe and Clean Drinking Water February 2014 UNICEF’s Next Generation Tap Project: Providing the World’s Children with Safe and Clean Drinking Water February 2014 So much depends upon reliable access to safe drinking water, basic sanitation, and the knowledge and practice of proper hygiene—which is why water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) is one of UNICEF’s key focus areas. WASH programming intersects with and largely determines the success of efforts to reduce child mortality, disease, and poverty and to increase primary education, gender equality, and environmental sustainability. Each March during World Water Month, the UNICEF Tap Project invites volunteers, restaurants, corporate sponsors, celebrities, and government supporters across the country to raise funds and awareness around WASH and to help UNICEF provide clean water and adequate sanitation to children around the world. Water, Sanitation & Hygiene (WASH) and UNICEF No one can survive without water. Yet 768 million people around the world do not have safe, clean water to drink, and more than 2.5 billion people live without a proper toilet. The lack of these basic necessities isn’t just inconvenient — it’s lethal. The numbers are staggering: an estimated 1,600 children under five die every day from diarrheal diseases and 1,400 of these deaths are linked to poor water, sanitation and hygiene. Diarrhea is the second largest killer of children under five in the developing world and can be reduced by up to 31 percent simply by improving water quality. It has long been said that prevention is the best cure, and ensuring that all children have sustainable access to clean water is among the most immediate and cost-effective ways to eliminate preventable death and disease. -
Tap Project Pitch Deck
UNICEF TAP PROJECT 2016 You Can Provide Kids With Clean Water! The United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) works in 190 countries and territories to put children first. UNICEF has helped save more children’s lives than any other humanitarian organization, by providing health care and immunizations, clean water and sanitation, nutrition, education, emergency relief and more. The U.S. Fund for UNICEF supports UNICEF's work through fundraising, advocacy and education in the United States. Together, we are working toward the day when no children die from preventable causes and every child has a safe and healthy childhood. WHAT UNICEF DOES TO PUT CHILDREN FIRST. UNICEF has helped save more children’s lives than any other humanitarian organization. Here’s how: WATER, SANITATION AND HYGIENE EDUCATION Helped more than 2.6 billion people gain Helped 21 million children attend school access to safe drinking water since 1990. through the Schools for Africa program. HEALTH EMERGENCIES Reached 38% of the world’s children with Responded to 294 emergencies in 98 UNICEF-procured vaccines. countries in 2014 alone, putting children first in conflicts and after natural disasters. NUTRITION Since 1990, reduced the number of children affected by stunting by 100 million. No one can survive without water. Yet 663 million people do not have clean, safe water to drink, and 2.4 billion live without adequate sanitation facilities. The lack of these basic necessities isn’t just inconvenient — it’s lethal. Globally, illnesses caused by unsafe drinking water, lack of sanitation and poor hygiene are a leading cause of death for children under five, contributing to nearly 1,000 deaths a day. -
EMERGENT MASCULINITIES: the GENDERED STRUGGLE for POWER in SOUTHEASTERN NIGERIA, 1850-1920 by Leonard Ndubueze Mbah a DISSERTAT
EMERGENT MASCULINITIES: THE GENDERED STRUGGLE FOR POWER IN SOUTHEASTERN NIGERIA, 1850-1920 By Leonard Ndubueze Mbah A DISSERTATION Submitted to Michigan State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of History – Doctor of Philosophy 2013 ABSTRACT EMERGENT MASCULINITIES: THE GENDERED STRUGGLE FOR POWER IN SOUTHEASTERN NIGERIA, 1850-1920 By Leonard Ndubueze Mbah This dissertation uses oral history, written sources, and emic interpretations of material culture and rituals to explore the impact of changes in gender constructions on the historical processes of socio-political transformation among the Ohafia-Igbo of southeastern Nigeria between 1850 and 1920. Centering Ohafia-Igbo men and women as innovative historical actors, this dissertation examines the gendered impact of Ohafia-Igbo engagements with the Atlantic and domestic slave trade, legitimate commerce, British colonialism, Scottish Christian missionary evangelism, and Western education in the 19th and 20th centuries. It argues that the struggles for social mobility, economic and political power between and among men and women shaped dynamic constructions of gender identities in this West African society, and defined changes in lineage ideologies, and the borrowing and adaptation of new political institutions. It concludes that competitive performances of masculinity and political power by Ohafia men and women underlines the dramatic shift from a pre-colonial period characterized by female bread- winners and more powerful and effective female socio-political institutions, to a colonial period of male socio-political domination in southeastern Nigeria. DEDICATION To the memory of my father, late Chief Ndubueze C. Mbah, my mother, Mrs. Janet Mbah, my teachers and Ohafia-Igbo men and women, whose forbearance made this study a reality.