Old Jamia Mosque, District Matiari “Disaster risk reduction has been a part of USAID’s work for decades. ……..we strive to do so in ways that better assess the threat of hazards, reduce losses, and ultimately protect and save more people during the next disaster.” Kasey Channell, Acting Director of the Disaster Response and Mitigation Division of USAID’s Office of U.S. Foreign Disas ter Ass istance (OFDA)

PAKISTAN EMERGENCY SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS

District Matiari September 2014

“Disasters can be seen as often as predictable events, requiring forward planning which is integrated in to broader de velopment programs.” Helen Clark, UNDP Administrator, Bureau of Crisis Preven on and Recovery. Annual Report 2011

DISCLAIMER

iMMAP Pakistan is pleased to publish this district profile. The purpose of this profile is to promote public awareness, welfare, and safety while providing community and other related stakeholders, access to vital information for enhancing their disaster mitigation and response efforts.

While iMMAP and its collaborating partner Alhasan Systems team has tried its best to provide proper sources of information and ensure consistency in analyses within the given time limits; both organizations shall not be held responsible for any inaccuracies that may be encountered. In any situation where the Official Public Records differ from the information provided in this district profile, the Official Public Records should take as precedence. iMMAP and Alhasan Systems disclaims any responsibility and makes no representations or warranties as to the quality, accuracy, content, or completeness of any information contained in this report. Final assessment of accuracy and reliability of information is the responsibility of the user when using in different situations. iMMAP and Alhasan Systems shall not be liable for damages of any nature whatsoever resulting from the use or misuse of information contained in this report. The user agrees to indemnify and hold harmless both organizations and anyone involved in storing, retrieving, or displaying this information for any damage of any type that may be caused by use or misuse of this information product.

The terms used and the maps presented in this profile do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of iMMAP, Alhasan Systems, and USAID concerning the legal status and the area of any administrative unit or its authorities.

NOTE: This district profile is a live document and it will continue to improve based on its users feedback and upon availability of more accurate and authenticated sources as and when they become available. It’s not always possible to publish these profiles in hardcopy format; however we will ensure that these updates are made available on Pakistan’s only Daily Emergency and Response – Situational Information [www.dearsir.pk] online portal. All related metadata information can also be downloaded from Pakistan pioneering Metadata portal [www.geopakistan.pk].

Any questions/ comments concerning information presented in this report can be addressed to:

iMMAP Pakistan Services Desk H.# 25, College Road, F-7/2, Islamabad, Pakistan Tel: +92.51.835.0755 eMail: [email protected]



Z/d^ iMMAP has been providing Information Management [IM] and Disaster Risk Reduction [DRR] capacity building services in Pakistan since 2010. Based on our lessons learned, while interacting with thousands of humanitarian partners, private sector organizations, and government officials, both national and international; we believe that the following are the 7 basic requirements to improve Disaster Response and Management life-cycle:

1. Information Management [IM] is a must for effective disaster response and monitoring; 2. Coordination among all stakeholders [both national and international] is of utmost importance to reduce redundancy and duplication in such critical situations – going beyond clusters and getting connected with local community representatives; 3. Appropriate logistic arrangements are critical for humanitarian relief and mitigation. However, it must be born in mind that logistic requirements drastically vary from disaster to disaster, based on its time, geography, and nature; 4. Disasters and Development are intimately connected. Its important that all disaster responders are aware of the long term implications of their actions of relief and early recovery; 5. It is important that we, as disaster responders, take full responsibility of self-accountability and transparency not only to the satisfaction of the government officials but the general public as well. Not-for-profit sector must be driven by a cause! 6. National, Regional, and International Public/ Private Partnerships [PPP] is the only way to

implement sustainable Disaster Risk Management [DRM] measures; 7. Media must be integrated in our response efforts. This vastly helps to disseminate the right information, minimize duplication of efforts, and make all stakeholders aware of your organization’s input/activities.

Pakistan Emergency Situation Analysis [PESA] is a series of District Profiles (DP), which is developed with the above-mentioned 7 basic requirements in focus. PESA DPs are one of the most effective iMMAP and its collaborating partners in Pakistan, which directly contribute to thousands of humanitarian relief providers’ effective emergency response and disaster management.

I can not conclude this note without thanking iMMAP Pakistan and Alhasan Systems team that has contributed tirelessly, under extreme emergency pressure, to consistently deliver their best on time, during the 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, and 2014 ongoing floods, 2013 earthquake in Balochistan, and also this drought emergency in Tharparkar, Sindh.

I particularly wish to express my great appreciation for the relentless efforts of staff members of both organizations for their work with an exceptional dedication. This includes: Mr. Naeem Ahmad, Ms. Sumbal Kazmi, Mr. Sarfaraz Ayub Meher Din, Mr. Farooq Laghari, Mr. Qassim Jan, Mr. Muhammad Javed Iqbal, Mr. Muneeb Muzammil, Mr. Salman Mulk, Ms. Fatima Ali, Ms. Mahwish Muzamil, Mr. Zohaib Fazal, Dr. Ahmad Ali Malik, Ms. Fatima Gillani, Mr. Zeeshan Ahmad, Mr. Muhammad Shafique, Mr. Nouman Ali, Col. [R] Aftab Awan, Mr. Muhammad Akhtar, Mr. Hassan Ahmad, Mr. Saeed Ahmed Ch; Mr. Naseer Ahmad, Col. [R] Arshad Mahmood, Mr. Moeen Gillani, Mr. M. Zubair Iqbal, Mr. Musadiq Ali, Mr. Waqas Ahmad, and Mr. Muhammad Wajid our Admin & Logistics Officer.

Mehdi Bokhari Chief Technical Advisor

FORWARD

Timely response to a disaster may save precious human lives and reduce economic costs. However, natural disasters, typically, occur unexpectedly. Consequently, in most cases, the afflicted population lacks the necessary tools and capacity to handle such tragic occurrences and the devastation is manifold more than it should be.

“Before the next disaster hits, now is the time to recommit to making smart investments that save lives, property, and money. Whether at home or abroad, measures to improve response, increase disaster management capacity, plan and prepare, can have dramatic dividends.” (Kasey Channell: Acting Director of the Disaster Response Team for USAID’s Office of U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance.) It is so true, as preparation for unexpected calamities is a tough task. However, if certain precautions are taken, they might lessen the overall damage. This series of district profiles, prepared by iMMAP in claboration with its private sector partner Alhasan Systems, is one such effort under its COPDM project funded by USAID, to enhance Government of Pakistan, humanitarian organizations and all other stakeholders’ efforts towards rapid needs assessment, disaster response and mitigation.

These profiles are divided into four sections namely background information, disaster history and its impact, hazard vulnerability and capacity assessment (HVCA) and coordination and support services. Background information provides an overview of history, geography, culture, and communication infrastructure. It also provides detailed analyses of demography, livelihood, food security, health and education. The second section provides detailed history of disasters in the district; information about losses and damages; and gap analyses of above mentioned sectors. HVCA section provides detailed analyses of district hazards, vulnerabilities and capacities that exist in the local community. Coordination and support services section gives information on whom to contact in emergency/disaster situations. The motivation stems from the idea that at the time of disaster all the stakeholders in general and the donors and disaster managers in particular can have a fair idea of what to expect and how to prepare for. It is expected that this contribution of ours would lead to a well-coordinated and coherent response by different humanitarian organizations on managing similar disasters.

Having stated the above, it is very candidly admitted that these profiles are by no means exhaustive and in fact require a lot more input to qualify these as good enough documents for disaster preparedness. However, these are live documents and are continuously improved upon as and when required. There appears to be an element of repetition, which is owed to the fact that while these documents depict the district profiles in normal circumstances, the same then provide a detail account of the impact of the emergency assistance provided by the government and the humanitarian organizations and the remaining gaps. Due to time and resources constraints, the information provided in these profiles is mainly base on secondary source data. Depending on the end users’ response and funding availability, this exercise would be extended to other districts of the country.  Major (Retd) Tahir Iqbal iMMAP Pakistan

Table of Contents District at a Glance ...... i Abbreviations ...... iii 1 Background Information ...... 1 1.1 Introduction...... 1 1.1.1 History ...... 1 1.1.1 Geography ...... 1 1.1.2 Culture (Ethnicity, Religion and Politics) ...... 2 1.1.3 Administrative Division ...... 2 1.1.4 Road Network Infrastructure ...... 2 1.1.5 Irrigation...... 3 1.1.6 Solid Waste Management ...... 7 1.2 Demography ...... 8 1.2.1 Population Characteristics ...... 8 1.2.2 Population Growth Pattern ...... 9 1.2.3 Population Distribution by Age and Gender ...... 9 1.2.4 Dependent Population ...... 9 1.3 Livelihood ...... 12 1.3.1 Main Sources of Livelihood/Income ...... 12 1.3.2 Agriculture ...... 12 1.3.3 Industry ...... 14 1.3.4 Livestock ...... 14 1.4 Food Security ...... 15 1.4.1 Availability ...... 15 1.4.2 Access ...... 15 1.4.3 Utilization ...... 16 1.5 Health and Immunization ...... 18 1.5.1 Health Facilities ...... 18 1.5.2 Immunization ...... 18 1.6 Education ...... 21 1.6.1 Highligh ...... 21 1.6.2 District School Enrolment Ratio ...... 21 1.6.3 Gender and Level Wise Details ...... 22 2 Disaster History and Its Impact ...... 25 2.1 Disaster in District ...... 25

2.1.1 Disaster History ...... 25 2.1.1 Impact of Disaster on Demography ...... 25 2.1.2 Impact of Disaster on Livelihood & Agriculture ...... 26 2.1.3 Analysis of Food Security Situation ...... 27 2.1.4 Impact of Disaster on Health ...... 28 2.1.5 Impact of Disaster on Education ...... 28 3 Hazard Vulnerability and Capacity Analysis ...... 31 3.1 Hazard Vulnerability and Capacity Analysis ...... 31 3.1.1 Hazard ...... 31 3.1.2 Vulnerability ...... 31 3.1.3 Capacity ...... 34 4 Sectoral DRR Mitigation Measures ...... 37 4.1.1 Education ...... 37 4.1.2 Infrastructure ...... 38 4.1.3 Health ...... 38 4.1.4 Livelihood ...... 39 4.1.5 Food ...... 40 4.1.6 Wash ...... 40 4.1.7 Government and Humanitarian Sector ...... 40 5 Coordination and Support Services ...... 42 5.1 Important Contacts ...... 42 5.1.1 Departmental Focal Points ...... 42 5.1.2 Emergency Response ...... 43 5.1.3 List of NGOs Working in District ...... 43 5.2 Health Facilities ...... 44 5.2.1 List of health facilities in District Matiari ...... 44

List of Tables Table 1.1-1: Administrative Division of District Matiari 2 Table 1.1-2: Mouza’s Sources of Irrigation 3 Table 1.1-3: Irrigation by Type 4 Table 1.2-1: Estimated Population of District Matiari for 2014 8 Table 1.2-2: Population Details by Taluka for 2014 10 Table 1.2-3: Population by UCs 10 Table 1.3-1: Number of Mouzas Reporting Sources of Employment 12 Table 1.3-2: Land Utilization Statistics of District Matiari 13 Table 1.3-3: Food and Cash Crops Cultivated in District Matiari 14 Table 1.3-4: Livestock population in District Matiari 14 Table 1.3-5: Number of Mouza Reporting Major Crops 15 Table 1.3-6: Distance of Mouzas from Wholesale Markets 16 Table 1.3-7: Percentage Distribution of HH by Source of Drinking Water 17 Table 1.3-8: Percentage Distribution of HH by Type of Toilet 17 Table 1.3-9: Number of Public Sector Health Facilities by Type 18 Table 1.6-1: Gross and Net Enrolment Rates by Gender and Locality at Different Levels 21 Table 1.6-2: Enrolment and Educational Facilities by level and Gender 23 Table 2.1-1 : Disaster History and Losses in Matiari 25 Table 2.1- 2: Summary of Losses and Damages in Floods/Rains 2010, 2011 and 2012 26 Table 2.1-3 : Details of Population and Households Affected by Taluka 26 Table 2.1-4 : Crop Loss and Area Damaged Due to Floods 2011 27

List of Maps 1: Reference Map ii 2: Irrigation System Map 5 3: Fresh Water Availability Map 6 4: Population Density Map 11 5: Health Facility Map 20 6: Education Facility Map 24 7: Risk Analysis Map 29 8: Possible Safe Locations Map 30

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Abbreviations ACO Agriculture Census Organization BHU Basic Health Unit CD/GD Civil Dispensary/Government Dispensary CFW Cash For Work DCR District Census Report DDRMP District Disaster Risk Management Plan ECP Election Commission of Pakistan FAO Food and Agricultural Organization GER Gross Enrolment Rate GOS Government of Sindh HH Household NADRA National Database and Registration Authority NDMA National Disaster Management Authority NDP National Drainage Program NER Net Enrolment Rate NFIs Non-Food Items NGO Non-Governmental Organization NHA National Highway Authority PBS Pakistan Bureau of Statistics PCO Population Census Organization PDMA Provincial Disaster Management Authority PLW Pregnant and Lactating Women PSLM Pakistan Social and Living Standard Measurement Survey RHC Rural Health Centre RSU Reform Support Unit SDPI Sustainable Development Policy Institute SMCs School Member Committees SUPARCO Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission TRF Technical Resource Facility UC Union Council UNICEF United Nations Children's Fund UNOCHA United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs WFP World Food Program WHO World Health Organization

DISTRICT MATIARI 1

1 Background Information 1.1 Introduction

1.1.1 History District Matiari was previously a taluka of district Hyderabad. On the 4th of May 2005, this taluka was separated from Hyderabad and was awarded the status of a district.

Historically, this region was ruled by different dynasties, including the Soomras (1024-1351), the Summas (1335-1520), the Arghuns (1520-1650), the Kalhoras (1657-1783) and the Talpurs (1783-1843). When Britain invaded the subcontinent, General Charles Napier, a commander in the British Army, defeated the Talpur dynasty and conquered Sindh in 1843. He was appointed as the first Governor General of Sindh. The province was divided into different administrative units and assigned to Zamindars (landlords) to collect taxes for the British government. Later on, the rulers developed these areas as urban centers. People migrated from other districts and provinces as well and started to reside here. The British Empire named these small developed areas as "Talukas". They built a network of roads, schools, dispensaries and many other civic amenities throughout the province1. At the time of the independence of Pakistan, in 1947, district Matiari was a taluka of district Hyderabad until 2005 when it was given the status of a district.

1.1.1 Geography The district lies in 680 14” 8’ to 680 14” 40’ east longitudes to 250 26” 20’ to 260 5” 43’ north latitudes. The district is bounded by district Saanghar on the east, district Jamshoro on the west, district Shaheed Benazirabad on the north and district Hyderabad and Tando Allahyar on the south. The whole district is irrigated through canals and the river. The plane lands of Matiari are very fertile and productive. Indus River flows alongside the western border of the district. The lands along the river are formed of silt and sandy loam. Being in the Indus basin, this district has hardly any barren lands. Only a few lands (as seen in the irrigation map below) are barren while the rest are quite fertile croplands. The climate of the district is moderate as a whole. The months of May and June are very hot during the day with maximum and minimum temperatures being 410 C and 260 C respectively. However, due to pleasant breeze, the temperature falls abruptly as the night falls. December and January are the coldest months with maximum and minimum temperature of 250 C and 110 C.

1 Hyderabad- An Economic Overview,(2005), Small and Medium Enterprise Development Authority (SMEDA), Hyderabad

BACKGROUND INFORMATION 2

1.1.2 Culture (Ethnicity, Religion and Politics) The district lies in 680 14” 8’ to 680 14” 40’ east longitudes to 250 26” 20’ to 260 5” 43’ north latitudes. The district is bounded by district Saanghar on the east, district Jamshoro on the west, district Shaheed Benazirabad on the north and district Hyderabad and Tando Allahyar on the south. The whole district is irrigated through canals and the river. The plane lands of Matiari are very fertile and productive. Indus River flows alongside the western border of the district. The lands along the river are formed of silt and sandy loam. Being in the Indus basin, this district has hardly any barren lands. Only a few lands (as seen in the irrigation map below) are barren while the rest are quite fertile croplands. The climate of the district is moderate as a whole. The months of May and June are very hot during the day with maximum and minimum temperatures being 410 C and 260 C respectively. However, due to pleasant breeze, the temperature falls abruptly as the night falls. December and January are the coldest months with maximum and minimum temperature of 250 C and 110 C. 1.1.3 Administrative Division District Matiari has its district headquarters at Matiari city. This district has three talukas, named: Matiari, Hala and Saeedabad. It has 19 union councils and 123 mouzas (revenue village). Out of these 123 mouzas, 96 are rural, 7 are urban, 9 are partly urban and 11 are forests mouzas. Table 1.1-1: Administrative Division of District Matiari

Kanungo Number of Mouzas Patwar Circles/ Matiari Circles/ Supervisory Partly Un- Tapas Total Rural Urban Forest Tapas urban populated Matiari Dsitrict 4 27 123 96 7 9 11 - Matiari Taluka 2 13 52 39 3 6 4 - Hala Taluka 1 7 42 31 3 2 6 - Saeedabad Taluka 1 7 29 26 1 1 1 - Source: Mouza Statistics of Sindh 2008, Agriculture Census Organization 1.1.4 Road Network Infrastructure Road network is considered as a vehicle for economic development and social change. Efficient road network not only develops a quick and efficient transportation system but also opens up new area hitherto remained closed. It brings about social integration among rural and urban sectors and greatly assist in providing access to basic needs i.e. schools, hospitals, etc. It brings rural areas in constant touch with urban segment of a society and creates better understanding necessary for social change and political awareness. Matiari district covers an area of 141,000 hectares yet it has only 178 kilometers of good quality roads which are grossly inadequate for the area and its population2. A National Highway (N5) connects Matiari with Hyderabad and onwards to Karachi (provincial capital of Sindh province).

2 Sindh Development Statistics, (2008), Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), pp.262

DISTRICT MATIARI 3

The district headquarter of Matiari is linked with its taluka headquarters of Hala and Saeedabad through metaled roads. Other important road links in Matiari district are given as under:  Road from Matiari to Saanghar via Tando Adam  Road from Matiari to Nawabshah via Hala, Sakrand, Sabu Rahu  Road from Matiari to Dadu via Moro  Road from Matiari to Tando Allahya via Nasrpur

1.1.5 Irrigation The district has a well-established canal irrigation system. With the opening of Rohri canal, emanating from Sukkur barrage, the importance of this district increased significantly3. The irrigation system of this district is dependent on two major sources i.e., Rohri Canal and Indus River. Rohri canal irrigates the eastern lands of this district and the Indus River irrigates the western parts of the district. As the table 1.1.2 shows, majority of the mouzas are irrigated with canals. Out of the 105 rural mouzas, 94 (90%) are irrigated through canals, and 57 (54%) are irrigated with tube wells. Table 1.1-2: Mouza’s Sources of Irrigation

ADMINISTRATIVE UNIT RURAL NUMBERS OF MOUZAS REPORTING SOURCE OF IRRIGATION POPULAT CANAL RIVER TUBEWELL RAVINE SPRING/ ARID FLOODIN ED / WELL STREAM/ (BAR G/TORR MOUZAS KAREZ ANI) ENT Matiari District Number 105 94 9 57 - - - 7 Percent 100 90 9 54 7 Matiari Taluka Number 45 45 1 32 - - - 4 Percent 100 100 2 71 9 Hala Taluka Number 33 22 8 8 - - - 2 Percent 100 67 24 24 6 Saeedabad Number 27 27 - 17 - - - 1 Taluka Percent 100 100 63 4 Source: Mouza Statistics of Sindh 2008, Agriculture Census Organization

3 Hakeem et al (1998), “Physical Characteristics and Operational Performance of Mirpur Khas Sub-division, Jamrao Canal Division, Nara Circle, Sindh Province, Pakistan”, International Irrigation Management Institute, Hyderabad Office

BACKGROUND INFORMATION 4

In the year 2008-09, 94% of the total sown area was irrigated through canals and tube wells. From 2008-09 to 2009-10, there was a 12% increase in the canal irrigated area. The table below gives information regarding irrigation in the district. Table 1.1-3: Irrigation by Type

Irrigation Type 2008-09 2009-10 Canal 26,367 30,032 Tube well 40,987 40,715 Well - - Total Irrigated Area 67,356 70,747 Un-Irrigated 4,121 3,366 Total Sown Area 71,477 74,113 Source: Sindh Development Stats 2011, Table 4.36

DISTRICT MATIARI 5

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1.1.6 Solid Waste Management “Solid Waste Management (SWM) is the generation, separation, collection, transfer, transportation and disposal of waste in a way that takes into account public health, economics, conservation, aesthetics, and the environment, and is responsive to public demands.” The exact data on solid waste management in district Matiari is not available but Taluka Municipal Administration’s (TMA) annual plan and projects can be useful for an understanding of the situation. Each taluka has announced certain projects pertinent to water supply and waste management4. Nonetheless, being a rural district, solid waste management facilities are negligible in this district5

4 Report on Tranche Condition (2006), District Government Matiari, Sindh Devolved Social Services Program (SDSSP), Government of Sindh (http://www.fdsindh.gov.pk/sdssp/TMA%20-%20Matiari%20- %20LSU%20Assessment%20Report%20D_i_.pdf) accessed on 04/03/2013 5 Journal of Environmental and Occupational Science Environ Occup Sci 2012; 1(2):129-131

DEMOGRAPHY 8

1.2 Demography

1.2.1 Population Characteristics Pakistan is among those four countries where life expectancy for female, at birth, is less than that of males, and as such the male population outnumbers the female population. Sex ratio in Matiari is 108 male per 100 females, which is more than the ratio at the National level, which is 106:100. Matiari has 52 percent male and 48 percent female population. Though 85 percent of the total population resides in rural areas and remaining 15 percent resides in urban areas. There could be some other socio economic reasons for such a difference in male to female ratio, research6 has shown that there are three major contributing factors for this higher male/female ratio. Table 1.2-1: Estimated Population of District Matiari for 2014

AGE TOTAL RURAL URBAN GROUP BOTH MALE FEMAE BOTH MALE FEMALE BOTH MALE FEMAE (IN YEARS) SEXES SEXES SEXES ALL AGES 834,660 433,507 401,153 708,021 367,783 340,238 126,639 65,724 60,915 00-04 131,036 67,089 63,947 113,226 58,083 55,142 17,810 9,004 8,805 5-9 134,589 70,887 63,700 115,682 61,016 54,666 18,905 9,871 9,034 10-14 96,994 53,531 43,464 81,196 45,137 36,059 15,797 8,394 7,405 15-19 85,467 42,475 42,993 71,376 35,357 36,019 14,093 7,118 6,973 20-24 82,401 39,379 43,023 69,544 32,840 36,705 12,858 6,539 6,318 25-29 66,841 34,769 32,072 56,523 29,276 27,247 10,319 5,495 4,825 30-34 50,846 27,975 22,871 42,735 23,562 19,173 8,111 4,413 3,697 35-39 35,925 18,770 17,155 30,066 15,679 14,388 5,860 3,092 2,767 40-44 38,280 18,905 19,374 32,230 15,951 16,281 6,049 2,956 3,094 45-49 29,548 15,899 13,649 24,850 13,419 11,431 4,698 2,479 2,218 50-54 24,916 13,243 11,672 20,978 11,215 9,762 3,939 2,027 1,910 55-59 15,951 8,882 7,069 13,395 7,474 5,921 2,555 1,408 1,146 60-64 15,309 8,071 7,238 13,000 6,866 6,134 2,309 1,205 1,104 65-69 8,569 4,749 3,820 7,192 3,969 3,223 1,377 780 597 70-74 7,931 3,848 4,083 6,893 3,354 3,540 1,037 496 543 75 & 10,058 5,034 5,024 9,136 4,589 4,547 922 445 478 ABOVE Source: Population against different age groups estimated on the basis of Matiari Census Report 1998

6 Profile of District Matiari: South Asia Partnership-Pakistan, December 2009

DISTRICT MATIARI 9

1.2.2 Population Growth Pattern Growth Pattern

Population of District Matiari is 900,000 categorized by a high growth rate of 800,000 2.88% per annum, which means that the 700,000 584 584 population will double itself in the next 600,000 , 834,660 811,295

7 500,000 788 766,508

24 years . 43 % of the population is 745,051 724,194

400,000 703,921 684,216 665,062 646,444 below 15 years and 3 percent is 65 years 628,348 610,758

300,000 593,661 577,042 560,888 545,187 or above. The estimated population of 200,000 529,925 2014 is 834,660, which shows that 100,000 population of the district increased by -

37% in 16 years. (1998 to 2014) 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 1.2.3 Population Distribution by 75+ [VALUE] 5,024 Age and Gender 70-74 [VALUE] 4,083 MALE Out of the total population, 52 percent are 65-69 [VALUE] 3,820 FEMALE male and 48 percent are females. 43% of 60-64 [VALUE] 7,238 the population is below 15 years of age; 55-59 [VALUE] 7,069 whereas 53% is of the working age group 50-54 [VALUE] 11,672 45-49 [VALUE] 13,649 i.e. 15-64. 65 years and above population 40-44 [VALUE] 19,374 is 3% of the total population. The 35-39 [VALUE] 17,155 maximum population lies in the cohort of 30-34 [VALUE] 22,871 5-9 which is 16% of the total population. 25-29 [VALUE] 32,072 Though, in all age groups male population 20-24 [VALUE] 43,023 15-19 [VALUE] 42,993 out numbers female population, exception 10-14 [VALUE] 43,464 can be seen in the age groups of 15-19, 5-9 [VALUE] 63,700 20-24, 35-39, 40-44 and 70-74. 1-4 [VALUE] 63,947

Dependant Population 1.2.4 Dependent Population The economically dependent population comprises of the population that is less than 15 years and more than 65 years of age. In addition to these age groups, Dependet widowed/divorced women are also 47% Labour considered part of the dependent Force population. Dependent population, in the 53% case of Matiari District, is 47 percent of the total population, whereas the working population is 53 percent. Which shows

7 Rule of 70 http://controlgrowth.org/double.htm

DEMOGRAPHY 10

that dependency ratio8 in the district is 87 percent. Table 1.2-2: Population Details by Taluka for 2014

Taluka Population Male Female Pop Sex Ratio Average Estimated Density HH Size HHs Matiari 399,665 207,579 192,086 567 108 5.6 70,117 Hala 255,127 132,508 122,619 606 108 5.5 44,759 Saeedabad 179,868 93,420 86,448 541 108 6 31,556 Total 834,660 433,507 401,153 572 108 5.7 146,432 Source: Estimated on the basis of Table 1 of the District Census Report 1998 and data available in Updates of National Rural Support Programme’s (NRSP) Response to Floods as of 13 November, 2011 Table 1.2-3: Population by UCs

Taluka Union council 2,014 Taluka Union Council 2,014 Matiari Matiari 42,526 Saeedabad SHAHMIR RAHU 38,983 Shah Alam Shah Ji Wasi 44,358 ZAIR PIR 48,572 Tajpur 42,526 Total 179,868 Bau Khan Pathan 42,369 Hala Hala 1 41,695 Sekhat 48,104 Hala 2 37,072 Oderolal Station 42,049 Bhanoth 40,277 Oderolal Village 48,039 K.K.Nizamani 42,016 Faqir Noohthiani 41,723 Bhitshah 56,201 Nasarpur 47,970 Hala Old 37,866 Total 399,665 Total 255,127 Saeedabad SAEEDABAD 45,662 Grand Total 834,660 BHALEDINO KAKA 46,652

8 Dependency Ratio= (Population < 15 Years + Population > 65 Years)/ Population 15-65 Years

DISTRICT MATIARI 11 LIVELIHOOD 12

1.3 Livelihood

1.3.1 Main Sources of Livelihood/Income District Matiari is mainly rural and with limited opportunities of livelihood for the resident population. Most of the rural population is dependent on agriculture for livelihood. Chronic Poverty is prevalent in the entire district9. The following table shows the number of mouzas reporting sources of employment in district Matiari. Majority of the male population is associated with agriculture (in 44% of the rural mouzas) followed by labor (in 39% of the rural mouzas). While in the category of some, services sector, personal business and labor is frequent among male population. Given the cultural trait of Sindh and rural areas, where women actively work side by side with the men, the female participation in the economic activity is reasonable, as 16 mouzas (15%) have reported that women are also engaged in agriculture. In the category of some, 52% of the mouzas have reported women working as laborers. Table 1.3-1: Number of Mouzas Reporting Sources of Employment

PERSONAL OVERSEAS GENDER QUANTIFICATION SERVICE AGRICULTURE TRADE INDUSTRY LABOUR BUSINESS EMPLOYEMENT MOSTLY - 45 - - 1 - 41 MALE SOME 82 44 18 7 51 6 53 NONE 23 16 87 98 53 99 11 MOSTLY - 16 - - 6 - 26 FEMALE SOME 44 42 6 3 23 3 56 NONE 61 47 99 102 76 102 23 Source: Mouza Statistics of Sindh: 2008, Agriculture Census Organization The categories under which these mouzas have reported against different livelihood sources are: • Mostly: population of 50 percent and above • Some: population between 1 percent and 50 percent • None: less than or equal to 1 percent 1.3.2 Agriculture Agriculture sector plays significant role in the overall economic performance of Pakistan. Currently, this sector provides employment opportunities to 45% of the labor force in Pakistan. This sector provides sources of livelihood to 60% of the population in the rural areas. Agriculture contributes 21% to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of Pakistan10.

9 Report on Tranche Condition (2006), District Government Matiari, Sindh Devolved Social Services Program (SDSSP), Government of Sindh (http://www.fdsindh.gov.pk/sdssp/TMA%20-%20Matiari%20- %20LSU%20Assessment%20Report%20D_i_.pdf) accessed on 04/03/2013 10 Economic Survey of Pakistan (2011-12), Ministry of Finance, Government of Pakistan

DISTRICT MATIARI 13

Matiari contributes significantly in the agriculture sector of Sindh because its climate is suitable for production of various crops, including the Kharif crops of maize, rice, sugarcane, cotton and bajra and Rabi crops of wheat and barley. In addition to these, fruit orchards are abundant in this district. Mouza statistics have reported that fruit orchards are widespread in 49% of the mouzas11. This district is famous, all over Pakistan, for its Bananas and mangoes. Total reported area of the district is 142,000 hectares, out of which 84,000 hectares (59%) are cultivated. Within the cultivable area, 74,000 hectares are net sown12 whereas 10,000 hectares are currently fallow lands13. The remaining 41% of the total reported area is un-cultivated; out of which 29,000 hectares are not available for cultivation and 9% of the un-cultivated area is culturable waste14. Table 1.3-2: Land Utilization Statistics of District Matiari

Matiari Area Reported Area 142 Cultivated/Cropped Area Total 84 Current Fallow 10 Net Sown 74 Area Sown more than once 47 Un-cultivated Area Total 87 Culturable15 Waste 5 Forest 23 Not available for Cultivation 29 Source: Sindh Development Statistics2011

Over the last 28 years, the total area sown for food and cash crops has shown a drastic change. It has to be noted that the production of cotton is shown in tonnes instead of bales using a standard conversion factor16 and the numbers reported are rounded off to the nearest decimal places. Area sown and production of food and cash crops in 2009-10 are reported in the Table 1.3.3.

11 Sindh Mouza Statistics, (2008), Agriculture Census Organization, Government of Pakistan pp.80 12 Net Area Sown means the area which has been sown at least once in a year. It will include areas under crops, fruits, vegetables etc. 13 Current Fallow means the part of the cultivated area which has not been used for cropping during the year under reference but for which the total vacant period does not exceed three crop seasons. 14 Sindh Development Statistics, (2011), Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS) 15 Culturable waste means all cultivable land not actually cultivated. It should include all grazing and other land not included under forest. 16 5.879 Bales = 1 MT

LIVELIHOOD 14

Table 1.3-3: Food and Cash Crops Cultivated in District Matiari

Type Crop Area Sown in 2009-10 Production in 2009-10 Area Sown in 2010-11 (000 Hectares) (000 Tonnes/Bales) (Acres) FAO Food Wheat 36.14 163 - Rice 0.724 1.8 850 Cash Sugarcane 12.39 725.85 28,538 Cotton 38.2 313.12 99,690 Source: Sindh Development Statistics 2011 1.3.3 Industry Most of the industries in Matiari are pertaining to the agriculture. Famous among these are the sugar and flour mills since wheat and sugarcane is cultivated on large scale in this district. Cottage industries are also prevalent in the district as khaddar and Ajrak cloth of this district are famous. Besides, handmade potteries of Hala town are well-known. The government has established a Small Industrial Estate (SME) on the Hala-Shahdadpur road. 1.3.4 Livestock Livestock sector maintains a unique position within the agriculture sector of Pakistan. It contributes 51% to the value addition in agriculture sector of Pakistan. It also contributes 9% to the GDP of Pakistan17. Besides, this sector provides foreign earnings, dairy products’ needs, food security and daily cash income to the people of Pakistan. It helps to reduce the income inequalities, especially in case of emergencies (floods, crop failure). Hence this sector is considered as the most secure source of livelihood for small farmers and landless poor. The share of Sindh province in livestock population of Pakistan is 20%. The number of livestock population of district Matiari is given in the following table. Table 1.3-4: Livestock population in District Matiari

Livestock Population Cattle 267,000 Buffalo 235,000 Sheep 52,000 Goat 330,003 Camel 1,000 Horse 1000 Ass 20,000 Domestic Poultry 214,000 Source: Pakistan Census livestock, 2006

17 Economic Survey of Pakistan (2011-12), Ministry of Finance, Government of Pakistan

DISTRICT MATIARI 15

1.4 Food Security Food security can be broadly divided into four components18:  Availability of food in terms of sufficient quantity available through domestic production or imports  Access to adequate resources given the socio-political and economic arrangements of the community  Utilization Refers to the body’s ability to make use of the nutrients provided. This requires clean water sanitation and health care  Stability includes an all-time access and utilization of food without any fear of losing it due to any shock (natural calamity, economic shock). This component points out to sustainability of food in an area. 1.4.1 Availability Wheat along with other crops like maize, cotton and sugarcane is produced in most of the rural mouzas of district Matiari. Besides, vegetables and fruits are also produced in the district. The table below shows that wheat and rice are cropped in 82% and 4% of the mouzas respectively. Wheat is dominant among food crops cultivated in this district. In addition, the table also shows that this district produces cash crops as well and the overall crop based production of food is surplus in the district. Table 1.3-5: Number of Mouza Reporting Major Crops

ADMINISTRATIVE UNIT NUMBERS OF MOUZAS REPORTING MAJOR CROPS WHEAT RICE COTTON SUGARCANE MAIZE PULSES ORCHARDS VEGETABLES Matiari District 102 5 95 58 51 16 50 51 Matiari Taluka 44 5 43 42 26 7 30 31 Hala Taluka 31 - 27 2 14 - 2 6 Saeedabad Taluka 27 - 25 14 11 9 18 14 Source: Mouza Statistics of Sindh: 2008, Agriculture Census Organization Food availability not only depends on the obtainability of wheat but also depends on other cereals like maize etc. As far as cereal food is concerned, this district is producing surplus food for its food requirements. In addition to cereals, animal based food (meat, milk, milk products) availability is also important for total food availability, and that also is produced in surplus quantities in the district. Combining both the crop based and animal based food production, 19 district Matiari is self-sufficient in food production .

1.4.2 Access Per capita availability of food items alone is not a reliable indicator of food security. If the available food is socio-economically not accessible to the masses, it cannot make a society food secure. The income level of the households reflects access to food, capacity of consumption

18 Define by Food & Agriculture Organization 19 ibid

FOOD SECURITY 16

and even food poverty. Average monthly income of a household (HH) in this district is between Rs.11, 000/- and 15,000/- which is considered as very low20. Child dependency (ratio between children, above 65 years of age, widows and household members in the economically active age group) is one of the limiting factors in meeting the daily food needs of households and is an important indicator to measure access to food. The increased dependency ratio enhances the spending of the household on child care and food, which results in per capita reduction of socio-economic access to food. Child dependency ratio is high in this district. The share of household expenditures on food is 61.8% of the total income in Sindh. So the inadequate level of income, high food expenditures, high child dependency and high inflation (particularly food inflation) hinders access to food21. The table below shows physical access to food in district Matiari by providing distances of different mouzas from the wholesale markets. Average distance from the fruit and vegetable markets of a mouza is 13 and 14 kilometres respectively whereas the distance from the grain market is 10 kilometres. Such long distances impede access to food. Table 1.3-6: Distance of Mouzas from Wholesale Markets

Overall Mouzas by Distance (in Kilometres) by Facility Rural Mean Type of facility Populated Less 51 & Distance 1 - 10 11 – 25 26 – 50 Mouzas Than 1 Above (KM) Number 105 11 10 58 28 9 - Livestock Market Percent 100 10 55 27 9 Number 105 10 7 67 22 9 - Grains Market Percent 100 7 64 21 9 Number 105 13 5 64 22 11 3 Fruit Market Percent 100 5 61 21 10 3 Number 105 14 5 61 24 12 3 Vegetable Market Percent 100 5 58 23 11 3 Number 105 10 12 64 22 6 1 Govt. Procurement Centre Percent 100 11 61 21 6 1 Source: Mouza Statistics of Sindh: 2008, Agriculture Census Organization 1.4.3 Utilization In addition to food availability and access, proper assimilation of food in the body is essential. Food utilization and stability depicts this absorption of food and its sustainability. Improved sanitation facility, clean drinking water, health infrastructure and individual health status along with female literacy play vital role in food absorption Food availability and access to economic resources alone cannot ensure food security as proper food absorption or utilization is equally important. This food utilization process requires favourable milieu in terms of access to Proper health facilities, clean water and sanitation. Health facilities and residents of Matiari’ acces to these will be discussed in section 2.1. Relative to other districts, access to drinking water in district Matiari is not satisfactory. As given in the

20 Food Insecurity in Pakistan (2009), Sustainable Development Policy Institute (SDPI), Islamabad 21 Ibid

DISTRICT MATIARI 17 following table, only 7 percent of the households are using Tap water, 68 percent are using Hand pumps, while 25 percent are using Motor pumps and other means. Table 1.3-7: Percentage Distribution of HH by Source of Drinking Water

Water Delivery System Matiari Tap Water Hand Pump Motor Pump Dug Well Other Total 7 68 25 0 0 Urban 25 28 47 0 0 Rural 2 80 18 0 0 Source: PSLM 2012-13 Sanitation conditions in district Matiari are relatively poor where only 14% of the households use flush toilets and 51% of the households have non-flush toilets. The sanitation facility is comparatively worse in rural areas of the district, while the female literacy rate is 48% only. Table 1.3-8: Percentage Distribution of HH by Type of Toilet

Flush Non-Flush No Toilet Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Total 86 23 37 12 62 51 2 16 13 Source: PSLM 2012-13 In a nutshell, this district has sufficient availability of food, poor socio-economic access; and relatively poor food utilization environment. Combining all the indicators of food security i.e. availability, access, utilization and stability; district Matiari is at the borderline of food security.

HEALTH AND IMMUNIZATION 18

1.5 Health and Immunization 1.5.1 Health Facilities The total number of public sector health facilities in district Matiari is 4422. There is no District Headquarter hospital and there is only one tehsil headquarter hospitals with a capacity of 30 beds only. These health facilities are sufficient for only 26% of the estimated 2014 population of the district23. Table 1.5.1 shows the details of these health facilities. Table 1.3-9: Number of Public Sector Health Facilities by Type

Type Number Bed Strength Teaching Hospitals 0 0 District headquarter hospital 0 Tehsil headquarter hospitals 1 30 Rural health centres 7 40 Basic Health units 20 40 Govt. Rural Dispensaries 15 - MCH centres 1 - Sub health centres 0 - Grand Total 44 110 Health Facility Assessment, District Matiari 2012, Annex 1, Table 2.1 1.5.2 Immunization

Immunization coverage estimates 38 are used to monitor immunization 37.8 services, and to guide disease 37.6 eradication and elimination efforts. 37.4 This indicator is the measure of the 37.2 Urban percentage of children of age 12-23 37 Rural months, who have received all the Total doses of BCG vaccine, three doses of 36.8 polio & pentavalent vaccines and 1 36.6 dose of measles vaccine in a given 36.4 year. In district Matiari, around 82% of the pregnant women have received tetanus toxoid injections. In urban areas, this percentage is 77% and in rural areas it is 83%24. Record based25 immunization data of district Matiari shows that 37% (Male 39%: Female 33%) of the children aged 12-23 months have received full immunization. In the urban areas this percentage is 37 percent (Male 33%: Female 44%) and in the rural areas it is 37% (Male

22 Health Facility Assessment 2012 (HFA) by Technical Resource Facility (TRF) http://115.186.137.115/reports/hfa/sindh/HFA-Matiari.pdf 23 WHO Standard is 2 health facilities and 25 beds per 10,000 people. 24 PSLM 2012-13 Table 3.11 25 Table 3.4 (b) Based on records: Children who reported having received full immunization who also have an immunization card, expressed as a percentage of all children aged 12-23 months. Also immunizations to be classed as fully immunized a child must have received: ‘BCG’, ‘DPT1’, ‘DPT2’, ‘DPT3’, ‘Polio1’, ‘Polio2’

DISTRICT MATIARI 19

41%: Female 30%). The corresponding graph shows the percentage of children of 12-23 months that have been immunized by the type of Antigen based on records26.

26 Table 3.5: Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurement Survey (PSLM)2012-13

HEALTH AND IMMUNIZATION 20

5: Health Facility Map

DISTRICT MATIARI 21

1.6 Education

1.6.1 Highligh

Literacy Rate (10 years and above) 48% Adult Literacy Rate (15 years and above) 48% GPI Primary 0.64 GPI Middle 0.53 GPI Secondary 0.56 GPI Higher Secondary Secondary 0.10 Population that has ever attended School 52% Male 65% Female 38% Population that has completed primary level or higher 43% Male 54% Female 30% Student Teacher Ratio 27 Primary 26 Middle 15 Secondary 29 Higher Secondary 48 Source: District Education Profile Matiari 2012-13, Pakistan Social and Living Standard Measurement Survey 2012-13 1.6.2 District School Enrolment Ratio The education status is quite poor in district Matiari. The overall literacy rate (for the population of 10 years and above) is 48%; for male it is 62% and for female it is 32%. For the urban rural comparison, urban literacy rate is higher than the rural, which is 62% (male: 74% and female: 49%); whereas the rural literacy rate is 43% (male: 59% and female: 26%). Adult literacy rate (for the population of 15 years and above) is also 48 %. Gross Enrollment Rate27 (GER) at the primary level in Matiari is 78% (Male: 86%, Female: 68%), in urban community it is 96% (Male: 100%, Female: 89%) and in rural community it is 73% (Male: 82%, Female: 63%). Net Enrollment rate28 (NER) at the primary level in district Matiari is 47% (Male: 53%, Female: 40%), in urban community it is 62% (Male: 64%, Female: 60%) and in rural community it is 43% (Male: 50%, Female: 35%). Table 1.6.1 shows details of Gross and Net Enrolment Rates by Rural, Urban and Gender at different levels. Table 1.6-1: Gross and Net Enrolment Rates by Gender and Locality at Different Levels

27 Total enrolment in a specific level of education, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the eligible official school-age population corresponding to the same level of education in a given school year. 28 Enrolment of the official age group for a given level of education expressed as a percentage of the corresponding population.

EDUCATION 22

Urban/ Rural/ Gross Enrolment Rates Net Enrolment Rates District Gender Primary Group (5- Middle Matric Primary Middle Matric 9) Group (10-12) Group (13-14) Group (5-9) Group (10-12) Group (13-14) Male 100% 60% 73% 64% 27% 21% Urban Female 89% 77% 25% 60% 25% 8% Total 96% 67% 47% 62% 26% 14% Male 82% 40% 32% 50% 18% 9% Rural Female 63% 21% 12% 35% 8% 4% Total 73% 31% 21% 43% 14% 6% Male 86% 44% 41% 53% 20% 12% Total Female 68% 31% 15% 40% 11% 5% Total 78% 38% 27% 47% 16% 8% Source: Pakistan Social and Living Standard Measurement Survey 2012-13 1.6.3 Gender and Level Wise Details The total enrollment of students, in the government schools of district Matiari, is 87,881 (Male: 54,857 and Female: 33,024). Out of a total of 3,302 teachers, 2,674 are male and 628 are female teachers. This illustrates that one teacher is teaching averagely 27 students. The total boys’ schools of District Matiari are 77, and the total female schools are 135. Besides, there are 778 mixed gender schools. Thus, the total number of schools is 909 and averagely every school has an enrolment of 89 students and a teaching staff of around 329. Primary The total number of primary level schools, that are reported, is 919 and the total enrollment at the primary level is 65,457 (Male: 39,961 and Female: 25,496). Total number of teachers, at the primary level, is 2,521, out of which 2,050 are male and 471 are female teachers. Thus, on an average, each primary school has an enrolment of 71 students with a teaching staff of 3. However, the student class ratio is 31 and each school has averagely around 2 class rooms. Middle There are a total of 21 middle schools reported. Total enrollment, at the middle level, is 1,093 (Boys: 715 and Girls: 378). The total number of teachers at the middle level is 73, out of which 71 are male teachers and 2 are female teachers. Thus, on an average, each middle school has an enrolment of 52 students with a teaching staff of 3. However, the student class ratio is 4 and each school has averagely around 12 class rooms. Matric There are a total of 48 secondary schools. Total enrollment at the secondary level is 19,567 (Boys: 12,575 and Girls: 6,992). The total number of teachers at the secondary level is 671, out of which male teachers are 516 and female teachers are 155. Thus, on an average, each secondary school has an enrolment of 408 students with a teaching staff of 14. However, the student class ratio is 99 and each school has averagely around 4 class rooms.

29 District Education Profile Matiari 2012-13

DISTRICT MATIARI 23

Higher Secondary There are a total of 2 higher secondary schools in the district. Total enrollment at the higher secondary level is 1,764 (Boys: 1,606 and Girls: 158). The total number of teachers at the higher secondary level is 37, and all of them are male teachers. Thus, on an average, each higher secondary school has an enrolment of 882 students with a teaching staff of 19. However, the student class ratio is 88 and each school has averagely around 10 class rooms. Table 1.6-2: Enrolment and Educational Facilities by level and Gender

Enrolment School Facilities Teachers Level Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Mixed Total Male Female Total Primary 39,961 25,496 65,457 59 120 740 919 2,050 471 2,521 Middle 715 378 1,093 3 2 16 21 71 2 73 Secondary 12,575 6,992 19,567 14 13 21 48 516 155 671 Higher Secondary 1,606 158 1,764 1 0 1 2 37 0 37 Total 54,857 33,024 87,881 77 135 778 990 2,674 628 3,302 Source: District Education Profile Matiari 2012-13

EDUCATION 24

6: Education Facility Map

DISTRICT MATIARI 25

2 Disaster History and Its Impact 2.1 Disaster in District

2.1.1 Disaster History District Matiari is one of the oldest districts of Sindh. It was hit by 2010, 2011 and 2012 rains and floods. River Indus, when receives excess water from 5 of its tributary rivers, causes floods in the northern and southern parts of Sindh province. The upper region of Sindh Province comprises of the districts of Jacobabad, Shikarpur, Kashmore, Larkana and Kamber Shahdadkot on the right bank of River Indus and Ghotki, Sukkur, Khairpur, Naushahroferoze and Matiari on the left bank of River Indus. These districts on the right and left banks of River Indus are prone to severe threat when River Indus is in high flood. The districts in the lower Sindh, prone to riverine flooding, include Dadu, Jamshoro and Thatta on the right bank of River Indus and Tando Muhammad Khan, Matiari and Hyderabad on the left bank. The length of River Indus along the province is 750 kms long. Rain/Floods brought great misery to the Sindh province. Only in Matiari, flood 2012 affected 2,590 people and damaged 785 houses in the district. This flood caused 3 casualties and 2 injuries. Areas of district Matiari affected in 2011 flood: Misri Khsoo , Ibrahim Khoso, Pir Bux Khoso, Allah Bux Khoso, Gazi Bux Khoso , Gul Mohd Ghambhir, Mari Mohd Khan, Bhanoat , Allah Bux Bilal and Tara Chand Bagri. In flood 2010, 45,600 persons were affected in district Matiari and 1,511 houses were affected. Table 2.1-1: Disaster History and Losses in Matiari

Disaster Year Impact/Losses Deaths Houses Land Degraded in Livestock People Destroyed Acres Affected Flood 30 2010 1 1,511 63,500 -- 45,600 Flood 31 2011 25 32,803 160,970 301 109,629 Flood 32 2012 3 785 -- -- 2,590

2.1.1 Impact of Disaster on Demography As mentioned above, district Matiari was severely hit by the floods/rains in 2010, 2011 and 2012 rains/floods. The PDMA Sindh figures for 2011 are 45,600 whereas the DCO reported the number to be 54,449. The inundated area of the district was more than 45,000 acres33. The district falls under the category of medium risk districts, as declared by PDMA Sindh34. But in

30 file:///D:/Floods/2010-%20Flood/Damages%20and%20Losses%20report%20Sindh%2009-11-2010.pdf 31 UNOCHA, Pakistan Flood 2011, District MATIARI (April 2012) 32 NDMA, Loses Damages Update Oct 2012 33 Pakistan Floods 2010- District Profile Matiari 2010, UNOCHA http://floods2010.pakresponse.info/DistrictProfiles.aspx retrieved on 11/03/2013 34 Flood 2010, Disaster Management Apparatus in Sindh, PDMA Sindh

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2011 rains/floods, the extent of damage was not moderate at all as assessments showed that 415 villages/settlements of 19 union councils in all the 3 talukas were affected. A population of 109,629 persons was affected and there were 25 casualties and 28 injuries. In total, 32,803 houses were damaged. Geographically, 44.2% of the district was inundated and 55 percent of the sown area was affected due to these rains/floods. Table 2.2.1 summarizes the losses and damages of 2010, 2011 and 2012 rains/floods. Table 2.1-2: Summary of Losses and Damages in Floods/Rains 2010, 2011 and 2012

Attribute 2010 2011 2012 Source Total Households 2010 119,440 Estimated Affected Households 7,862 18,902 Contingency Plan 2012 Total UCs 19 UC Affected 2 19 UN-OCHA Total Villages N/A Villages/Settlements Affected 31 415 130 Sindh Contingency Plan 2012 Total Houses Affected 1,511 32,803 725 Sindh Contingency Plan 2012 Total Population 675,182 Estimated Affected Population 45,600 109,629 2,590 NDMA(2012 Sindh Figures) Male N/A 47,957 Female N/A 61,672 PDMA Sindh/ Deaths 1 25 3 NDMA(2012 Sindh Figures) Injuries - 28 2 Total Area (acres) 364,123 UN-OCHA Total Affected Area (acres) 63,500 160,970 Area Sown N/A 152,960 FAO/PDMA Sindh Crop Area Damaged 63,500 171,076

Table 2.1-3: Details of Population and Households Affected by Taluka

Affected Estimated 2 Affected Area Taluka Area (Km ) Population Affected Pop 2 Population Affected (Km ) Density Households Hala 425 219,172 21,256 213 50 3,665 Matiari 712 301,490 37,162 280 52 6,407 Saeedabad 336 154,519 51,211 158 153 8,829 Total 1,474 675,182 109,629 651 74 18,902 Source: Pakistan Floods 2011-Matiari District Profile (April 2012), UNOCHA

2.1.2 Impact of Disaster on Livelihood & Agriculture Along with the demographic loss due to floods 2010/2011 and 2012, the loss to agriculture sector exacerbated the sources of livelihood for the people of this district. The crop area affected in 2012 was 1,983 acres, while in flood 2010 it was 63,500 acres. The following table shows the loss to agriculture sector of this district.

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Table 2.1-4: Crop Loss and Area Damaged Due to Floods 2011

Major Crops Area Area sown (Acre) 99,690 Cotton Area Damaged (Acre) 64,799 % 65% Area sown (Acre) 850 Rice Area Damaged (Acre) 94 % 11% Area sown (Acre) 28,538 Sugarcane Area Damaged (Acre) 3,139 % 11% Area sown (Acre) 23,882 Other Area Damaged (Acre) 15,706 % 57% Total Area Sown 152,960 Total Area Damaged 83,737 Source: Flood Situation Update, 2011, Food & Agriculture Organization (FAO) As given in the table above, 65% of the cotton crop was damaged along with 11% of the rice crop, 11% sugarcane and 57% of other crops. 301 livestock heads died due to the floods/ rains 201135. 2.1.3 Analysis of Food Security Situation As established in the previous section, district Matiari is on the borderline of food insecurity. Floods of 2011 and 2012 worsened the existing situation of the population. Thus the indicators of food security i.e. availability, access, utilization and stability showed dismal situation in this district. District Matiari is agro-based and majority of the households are engaged in agriculture farming and livestock rearing activities and still others in non-agriculture activities/casual labour. Among these three types of the households, empirical studies have shown that poverty is relatively higher in the non-agriculture households, followed by livestock households and small farmers36. It has been shown in the previous section that many individuals in 2012 flood lost their homes (725) and their crops (1,983 acres), while in 2011 32,803 were lost. The Crop area affected in 2011 flood was 171,076 Acers and 301 heads of livestock died.Due to the lack of an industrial base, the sources of income of households, situated in this severely affected district, are less diversified, with their heavy dependence on agriculture, livestock and casual labour. The deplorable social indicators i.e., large household size, poor literacy level, higher mortality rate, poor infrastructure with poor access to education and health facilities show a higher level of poverty and deprivation in this district.

35 Flood Situation Update, 2011, Food & Agriculture Organization (FAO) 36 Arif, et al (2010), “The 2010 Flood and Poverty in Pakistan: A Preliminary District-level Analysis”, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics Islamabad, Background Paper for Conference on the " The Environments of the Poor”, 24-26 Nov. 2010, New Delhi

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Through the destruction of roads, transport and market infrastructure, the floods had a significant negative impact on the commodity market. As a result, the functioning capacity of the markets (transporters, processors, wholesalers and retailers) was decreased with upward movement of transaction costs and shortage of food commodities. This phenomenon hindered the socio-economic access to food in the district37. The losses to crops and livestock along with the poor functioning capacity of the market significantly reduced the expected income of the population of this district. Thus the floods and rains affected people of the district Matiari had to face a number of key challenges to recover their livelihood, agriculture and livestock; directly affecting the food security situation. 2.1.4 Impact of Disaster on Health Severe floods can not only cause destruction to heath care infrastructure but also affect health indicators of the affected population. The Floods in 2010 and heavy rains in 2011 and 2012 resulted in damage to the public health infrastructure in Sindh Province. The 2011 floods affected all the talukas of district Matiari. According to the Socio Economic Development Association’s (SEDA) Needs Assessment Report of Floods 2011, there was no health facility available for the displaced families. The nearest government hospitals were lacking medicines and staff. Patients were complaining of various diseases, such as fever, diarrhoea, etc. However, there was no report of major trauma victims. During the assessment, health care was expressed as a priority problem to be addressed. The displaced people had lost all their essentials items required to maintain their hygiene. Health and Hygiene kits were identified as a primary need for the IDPs38. UNDP/OCHA reported39 that in Matiari district there is a need of DTC, as due to seasonal changes more cases of diarrheal diseases were reported. It was also identified that there is a need to support district health department to improve the routine immunization. In this regard a campaign was launched for improvement of routine immunization. 2.1.5 Impact of Disaster on Education Due to the floods/rains of 2011, 54 school facilities were damaged. Out of the affected education facilities, 12 were fully destroyed and 41 were partially damaged. One school was occupied by the internally displaced persons (IDPs). Also, heavy rains affected the school going children. Due to the damages to schools, houses and roads; education of 4,320 students was affected (Girls: 1,858, Boys: 2,462). Teachers numbering 144 were also affected40

37 Ibid 38 13th Sep, 2011 (SEDA Needs Assessment Report of Floods 2011 District Matiari) 39 UNDP/OCHA Pakistan Floods 2011- Matiari District profile http://pakresponse.info/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=b3Y-XeAAD5U%3D&tabid=98&mid=722 40 Sindh-EMIS Reform Support Unit, Department of Education and Literacy, Government of Sindh.

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3 Hazard Vulnerability and Capacity Analysis 3.1 Hazard Vulnerability and Capacity Analysis

Prior to analyzing existing hazards; vulnerability to hazards and capacity to cope with the same of the district and its population needs to be understood. An explanation of the terms used is given under each heading, as follows: 3.1.1 Hazard A hazard is a situation which triggers disaster. But it can be also defined as: “A potentially damaging physical event, phenomenon or human activity that may cause the Loss of life or injury, property damage, social and economic disruption or environmental degradation”41 A hazard is a situation that has the potential to harm the health and safety of people or to damage plant and equipment. Hazards can be divided into two categories. Natural Hazards Natural hazards are natural processes or phenomena within the earth system that may constitute a damaging event. For example typhoons, tsunamis, earthquake and volcanic eruption cyclones, earthquakes, floods, landslides, storms are natural hazards. Man-made Hazards Any industrial, nuclear, or transportation accident, explosion, power failure, resource shortage, or other condition, resulting from man-made causes, which threaten or cause damage to property, human suffering, hardship or loss of life constitute ‘Man-made Hazard. Hazard matrix of District42 Area affected/union Hazard Frequency Severity/Force Year councils Riverine floods Monsoon Two union councils Medium 2010 Heavy rains Monsoon Entire district (19 UCs)43 High 2011,2012 Epidemics Seasonal Entire district Low Every year Earthquake Rare Entire district Low 2013 Transport accidents/fire Frequently Urban areas Low Through out

3.1.2 Vulnerability Vulnerability is a situation which is:

41 “Urban Governance and Community Resilience Guides”, (2010), Asian Disaster Preparedness Center 42 Disaster Risk Management Plan , District Matiari Government of Sindh (2008) 43 UN-OCHA, Pakistan Floods 2011, district Matiari (2012)

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“The attributes and circumstances of a community or system that makes it sensitive, vulnerable or susceptible to the damaging effects of a hazard44” Vulnerability precedes disasters, contribute to their severity, hinder and obstruct the disaster response. It is divided into three parts: Physical/Material Vulnerability Weakness of the built environment and lack of access to physical and material resources i.e. living in hazard prone areas or in unsafe buildings, lack of savings, insurance and assets constitutes physical/material vulnerability. Social/Organizational Vulnerability Social/Organizational Vulnerability refers to inequality in social systems that discriminate against and marginalize certain groups of people from accessing resources and services. People who have been marginalized in social, economic or political terms are vulnerable to disasters. Weakness in social and organizational areas may also cause disasters e.g. deep division can lead to conflict and war. Conflict over resources due to poverty can also lead to violence. Attitudinal/Motivational Vulnerability Existence of fatalistic myths and religious beliefs influence people’s vulnerability to disaster risks. If people believe that disasters are ‘acts of God’ and if they have low confidence in their ability to affect change or have ‘lost heart’ and feel defeated by events they cannot control, these people are often harder hit by disasters. Vulnerability Matrix Physical/material Social/organizational Attitudinal/motivational District Matiari is vulnerable to According to the 1998 census, total floods and heavy rainfalls. River population of the talukas that Indus lies to the west of the district. formed this district was 515,331,47 Usually River Indus overflows due while the estimated population for to heavy rainfalls in monsoon and year 2014 is 834,660. Population of There is a lack of training, inundates the whole district. district Matiari has an estimated48 appropriate skills and awareness on District Matiari was severely hit by growth rate of 2.88% per annum, disaster risk management, both at floods 2010 and rains/floods in which means that the population the community and the public 2011 and 2012. In 2010, the total will double itself in 24.31 years49 servants’ level. Skills to handle affected population was 45,600 from 1998. Such rapid growth in emergencies are very weak and (PDMA). The inundated area of the population gives birth to many need to be strengthened. district was more than 45,000 socio-economic problems and acres45. In 2011 rains/floods46, 415 makes the area vulnerable to villages/settlements were affected. different natural and made-made In 2012 three people died and two hazards.

44 Participant’s Course Workbook, Asian Disaster Preparedness Center (ADPC) 45 Pakistan Floods 2010- District Profile Matiari 2010, UNOCHA http://floods2010.pakresponse.info/DistrictProfiles.aspx retrieved on 11/03/2013 46 Contingency Plan, Sindh, 2012, table 3.2.2 , pp.10 47 http://matiari.net/matiari-district retrieved on 11/03/2013 48 Estimated using 2010 population estimates from Gridded Population of World (GPW) 3 data set 49 Rule of 70 http://controlgrowth.org/double.htm retrieved on 05-03-2012

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Physical/material Social/organizational Attitudinal/motivational were injured. Disasters are rooted in Like majority of the other districts in development failures e.g. unsafe Sindh, district Matiari is rural by its buildings that could not withstand characteristics. 85 per cent of the floods, heavy rains, earthquakes population resides in rural area as and result in disasters. In Matiari compared to the 15 per cent Advocacy seminars and awareness district, 39.38 per cent people use that resides in the urban areas. Most raising campaigns regarding disaster wood/bamboo as material for roof people in rural areas lack job risk reduction are very limited. construction. This percentage is opportunities, health and higher in rural areas (46.27 per educational facilities which escalate cent) as compared to (15.01 per the risk against different hazards. cent)50 urban areas. [Floods, rains etc.] Dependent population (the According to an initial assessment population that is less than 15 years Report compiled by the Annual and more than 65 years of age School Census, about 5 schools including widows and divorced were fully affected, among which 4 women) in the case of Matiari Most people still deny flood/rain schools were damaged due to rain district is 47 per cent of the total threats and believe that all disasters and 1 school due to IDPs51(2010 population and the working which occurred recently (2010, flood). 54 schools were damaged population is 53 per cent, which 2011) were Acts of Nature/God. due to Sep 2011 heavy rains and shows that dependency ratio52 in made them vulnerable for the district is 87 per cent, which is upcoming disasters. very high and as such makes the population highly vulnerable The status of education is quite poor in district Matiari. The overall The Overall sanitation conditions in illiteracy rate (for the population of district Matiari are relatively poor. 10 years and above) is 52%; for male Only 37% of the households in Women and minority groups it is 38 and for female it is 68 %, district Matiari use flush toilets, frequently have less social, while Adult illiteracy rate (15 years 51% use non-flush toilets, while economic and political power and and above) is 52 %. For the urban 13% households do not have are not represented in the formal rural comparison, rural illiteracy rate toilets53. The sanitation facilities leadership structures. is higher than the urban. Illiterate are comparatively worse in rural people cannot be easily mobilized areas of the district and made aware of the different disasters’ risks. In the whole district, piped water is Non-structural mitigation measures available to only 7 per cent of the that include trainings, workshops, housing units. In rural areas piped seminars, land use planning and water is available to only 2 per cent building codes etc., are not properly of the households, while 25 per implemented in the district, which cent54 of the rural households have makes the people vulnerable to motor pumps inside the housing different hazards e.g., floods,

9 Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurement Survey (PSLM), 2012-13 51 Flood report on educational sector of Sindh province, 2010-11, Reform Support Unit, Department of Education & Literacy, Government Of Sindh, pp. 48 52 Dependency Ratio= (Population < 15 Years + Population > 65 Years)/ Population 15-65 Years 53 Pakistan Social and Living Standard Measurement Survey 2012-13 54 Ibid

HAZARD VULNERABILITY AND CAPACITY ANALYSIS 34

Physical/material Social/organizational Attitudinal/motivational units. By drinking unsafe and earthquakes etc. contaminated water people get vulnerable to hepatitis and other waterborne disease. Climate change is said to be Risk assessment is the process of responsible for the heavy rains hazard identification, analysis and 2011 and 2012 because usually determination of appropriate ways Sindh province receives very little to control these hazards. At the rains. Environmental scientists district level, there is a deficiency in agree that they cannot explain the risk assessment of disaster prone floods in Sindh as the area that areas. Vulnerability map (used to received the rain is normally very identify vulnerable locations) of the dry. district is also not available. Livelihoods of the people are not There are very few Community sustainable that is it cannot cope Based Disaster Risk Reduction with and recover from stress and (CBDRM) projects in the vulnerable shocks and when disaster strikes; areas of the district. Focus of the these livelihoods collapse. As a different organizations working in result poor people get poorer and the area is only towards relief side. fall under the poverty line. The Taluka Governments’ lack Community-based disaster drills are resources like tractors, and an important aspect of emergency dewatering machines etc. Stagnant management yet so very neglected water results in spread of malaria by the district authorities. These and other waterborne diseases. drills provide a chance to practice Tractors can be used to pick waste the full spectrum of disaster material and dump into far off response. places.

3.1.3 Capacity Capacities are resources, means and strengths, which exist in households and communities and which enable them to cope with, withstand, prepare for, prevent, mitigate or quickly recover from a disaster. The combination of all the strengths attributes and resources available within a community, society or organization that can be used to achieve agreed goals constitute its capacity to cope with hazards55. Physical/Material Capacity In most disasters, people suffer their greatest losses in the physical and material realm. Access to physical/material things or objects count as physical capacity. A few examples of physical and material resources are cash, food, land, properties and tools. Social /Organizational Capacity When everything physical is destroyed, people still has their skills, experiences and knowledge; they have family and social networks. They have leaders and systems for making decisions.

55 Participant’s Course workbook, Asian Disaster Preparedness Center (ADPC)

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They also have local, collective ‘wisdom’ reflected in their cultural practices that help them reduce or cope with disaster risks. Attitudinal/Motivational Capacity People also have positive attitudes and strong motivations such as the will to survive and willingness to help each other. Capacity Matrix Physical/material Social/organizational Attitudinal/motivational The overall literacy rate57 (for the District Matiari contributes population of 10 years and above) significantly in agriculture sector is 48%; for males it is 62 and for of Sindh because its climate is females it is 32 %, while Adult People of the district hold strong belief suitable for production of various literacy rate (15 years and above) is system and consider flood/rain food items e.g., maize, rice, 48 %. For the urban rural disasters, a trial for themselves. They sugarcane, cotton, wheat etc. comparison, urban literacy rate is do not get disappointed by harsh Total reported area of the district higher than the rural, which is 62 %. events and face it bravely. is 142,000 hectares, out of which Literate people can easily be 121,000 hectares are cropped mobilized and made aware of the area56. different disaster risks. The total number of health facilities58 in district Matiari is 44. There is one tehsil headquarter The District Disaster Management hospital with a capacity of 30 People have indigenous knowledge and Authority (DDMA) of Matiari has beds. In the district, there are skills, which can be used in pre and been established in the DCO’s office Seven Rural health centres post disaster situation. Elders, on a temporary basis. The DDMA (RHCs), twenty Basic Health Units community leaders, masons, formulates disaster plan for the (BHUs), one Mother Care Health carpenters and electricians etc can district and assigns roles and Centre (MCHC) and fifteen contribute and render their services in responsibilities to the local district General Dispensaries (GD). These time of emergency not only for departments. The DDMA carries health facilities provide health themselves but also for their out emergency response and relief services both in rural and urban community. activities in the affected areas. areas of the district, not only as a routine but also in extreme circumstances. The total number of schools in After the 2010, 2011 and 2012 the district is 990. Out of which floods, different NGOs /INGOs have People of the district have positive 919 are primary schools, 21 are focused their attentions on shelter, attitudes and strong motivations such middle, 48 are secondary, and 2 wash, and livelihood activities. as the will to survive and willingness to are higher secondary schools59. These organizations include help each other. These school buildings are also International Organization for used as shelter and evacuation Migration (IOM), ACTED and Oxfam

56 Sindh Development Statistics, 2011, Bureau of Statistics 57 Pakistan Social and Living Standard Measurement Survey 2012-13 58 Health Facility Assessment - Sindh District Matiari, (2012), by Technical Resource Facility (TRF) & Government of Sindh, http://115.186.137.115/reports/hfa/sindh/HFA-Matiari.pdf , accessed on 03-13-2013 59 SINDH Education Management Information System (SEMIS), District Education Profile, Matiari, 2012-13

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Physical/material Social/organizational Attitudinal/motivational centres in emergency. GB, Plan International, WFP and WHO etc60. They provide funds and relief stuff to the affected people, to enable them to stand on their own. District Matiari has an efficient Community based organizations are In post flood activities, Psycho-Social canal irrigation system which formed by NGOs in the affected problems of the people (especially helps in agriculture productivity. areas to encourage the local children and women) were addressed The total irrigated area in the representation. Active people from by the psychologists, hired by different district is 70,747 hectares in the community are part of these organizations. Religious scholars which 30,032 hectares are organizations, which facilitate the (Ulemas) also contribute their part by irrigated by canals while 40,715 humanitarian organization work at 61 counselling flood affected people. by tube well . the grass root level. Road network is considered as a Law Enforcement Agencies are vehicle for economic important stakeholders in relief development. The district is well- activities. Jawans (Soldiers) of connected with other districts Pakistan Army assist the affected through good quality roads. Total Sometimes, local vulnerable communities directly and help good quality roads length is 239 communities, before rainy season, take them in evacuation, by providing kilometres (2009-10) in this mitigation measures by strengthening transport facilities. Army doctors district62. These roads can be their roof tops and boundary walls etc. provide medicines and other health used as evacuation point in flood facilities to the affected people disaster. Good roads are also especially to the children and helpful in carrying out relief women. activities.

60 UNOCHA, Pakistan Floods 2011, Matiari District Profile, April 2012, www.pakresponse.info, accessed on 3/8/2013 61 Mouzas Development Statistics of Sindh,2011, Bureau of Statistics

62 Sindh Development Statistics, (2011), pp. 250

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4 Sectoral DRR Mitigation Measures 4.1.1 Education The NGOs should work on awareness building programs for encouraging enrolment in higher secondary schools, by incorporating teachers, students and youth in their community based programs. Increased enrolment would lead to enhanced literacy and literate people can easily be mobilized and made aware of the different disaster risks. NGOs working in the education sector should organize community-based programs that provide girls with opportunities to develop their skills (i.e., livelihood skills), providing information to parents about their children’s learning or about the benefits of education. Affected or damaged schools should be repaired and reconstructed on priority basis with DRR principles in view. Government should introduce disaster risk reduction courses for teachers’ training and should add DRR in the curriculum to support large-scale awareness. Local Philanthropists should be encouraged to take initiative to raise an emergency fund for immediate repair of infrastructure, support to affected poor students and parents after any disaster. Government should introduce a ‘School Safety policy’ taking all locally relevant hazards into account and adopting DRR measure for the existing schools and construction of new schools. NGOs and other organizations working in the education sector should organize workshops to provide teachers with training on disaster preparedness and early warning signs. Education department should produce support materials linked with disaster risk reduction for teaching and learning. The Government and NGOs should invest in DRR sector and should corporate DRR measures in improving school buildings as these can be used as shelter and evacuation centres in case of emergency. Incorporate disaster risk reduction measures i.e., ensure their suitable location and construction while establishing new schools in order to avoid future hazard threats. Humanitarian organizations should take on board the District Education Department and should provide trainings and necessary skills to the education officials to enable them to prepare School Based Disaster Risk Management Plans (SBDRM-Plan) for each school in the district.

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4.1.2 Infrastructure Awareness programs should be organized by District Disaster Management Authority about the need of land use planning and building codes so that it can be followed by all the stakeholders, to avoid future threats. The Communication and Works department should utilize the available funds on the maintenance of roads and find alternative routes that can be used in case of emergency. Active people from the community can be used for disseminating early warning for the local endangered communities because people have lot of trust in informal and locally influential sources of information; e.g. a religious leaders, a teachers, an NGO worker or a local government official. But firstly these active people should also be trained on EWS. NGOs should initiate the Disaster Education Programmes for the local communities, to increase their knowledge of prevailing natural hazards, and especially to increase their capacity to understand extreme events and preventive measures to be taken before, during and after disaster. Organizations that are involved in construction of homes, health, education and other facilities should work with the government to establish and strictly enforce strict construction codes so that of future threats can be mitigated. Identification of flood escape channels to desert areas/off channel storages that would provide major reduction in flood peak discharge in Indus River System. Also identify possible sites for underground reservoirs, retarding basins, etc. DRR Planners, District and Provincial authorities should identify safe land and location for low income citizens who are living near the flood prone areas. Awareness regarding investment in the DRR sector should be initiated in order to avoid future threats. Brick lining projects should be initiated by the government for strengthening the canals. Radio can be a very important part of early warning system but care should be taken while transmitting early warnings. It should be in clear words and confirmed through reliable sources to avoid false reports and unnecessary panic. Media in district Matiari should expand its role as a watchdog in monitoring and handling of donations in the post disaster phase so that the funds are given to the affected people of the district rather than self interest groups. Water Conservation projects should be initiated by the government for mitigating the future threats about freshwater shortages and increased demand.

4.1.3 Health NGOs should encourage the community participation in the awareness sessions, programs and trainings, related to water treatment practices and hygiene practices which will capacitate the vulnerable communities of the area against the communicable diseases.

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Health department should take care of establishment of health facilities focused on certain population. All the health related issues should be dealt by them. But the responsibilities have to be identified. Health facilities should be located on higher grounds along or near good roads and adequate means of transportation readily accessible to the community. A logistic system should be put in place for determining the requirement of medicine, maintaining an inventory, storing and stocking, issuing and controlling the use of medicine, stockpile of emergency medicine and supplies, special arrangement with vendors and suppliers for emergency purchases in time of disaster. Advocacy seminars should be organized at district level for the training of medical staff to implement National Health Programs. DDMA should assign the responsibilities of health department to ensure the availability of medical and paramedical personal in hospital, BHU’s, MCHC, and RHC’s. Moreover, mobile health teams should be mobilized so that the health facilitators can visit the local areas to provide basic health care especially for the vulnerable group such as people with disabilities, elderly persons, children, females and those who hesitate to go to the hospitals because of cultural constraint and long distance. Nutrition Stabilization centres for the pregnant and lactating women suffering from acute malnutrition should be established in each small and big hospital.

4.1.4 Livelihood Fodder stocks should be maintained by the livestock department of the district to cope with emergencies. Livestock owners should be encouraged to insure their cattle heads. Capacity can be built through awareness programs on livelihood diversification. Flood control and salinity control projects can be conceived to make more land available for cultivation GO’s should organize advocacy seminars, trainings and awareness sessions for improved agricultural practices by incorporating CBOs’ chairmen and presidents as they have great influence over the community members. NGO’s should organize the awareness sessions by incorporating active youth for mobilization of vulnerable communities and should promote some business through awareness building livelihood projects. Irrigation department should carry out hydraulic studies so that flooding can be avoided and find out catchment areas and water courses for surface run off.

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4.1.5 Food Stockpiling of essential food items should be encouraged among the community through awareness programs. Number of Food distribution point should be established in the emergency hit area and should be easily accessible to most of the needy population. For extremely vulnerable groups such as elderly persons, people with disabilities, female and children, separate desk and queues at food distribution point should be established so that they do not suffer difficulties in attaining food Civil administration should look after the availability of food.

4.1.6 Wash Innovative approaches are required to ensure the availability of low-cost, simple, and locally acceptable water and sanitation interventions. Integrating these approaches into existing social institutions such as schools, markets, and health facilities is required. Municipal workers should monitor the quality of water and should distribute chlorine tablets for water purification in order to avoid diseases like cholera, maleria and hepatitis etc. DRR measures should be incorporated in the construction of sewerage system in order to minimize the possibility of over flowing of sewage water in rainy days and to mitigate the hygiene issues. DDMA should ensure long term viability of sanitation facilities by arranging funds. Government should keep in view the need of children, women and disable people while planning, designing, implementing, and monitoring and management of sanitation service provision. NGOs in district Matiari should install raised hand pumps to maintain adequate access to water supplies in the event of a flood. Waste Water treatment projects should be initiated in district Matiari to avoid deterioration of aquatic environment. Access to water should be improved by installing additional water points.

4.1.7 Government and Humanitarian Sector District Disaster Management Authority should coordinate with the NGOs working in different sectors to address the problems of people. The NGOs working on different projects can be invited and can be asked for initiation of DRR projects in the vulnerable areas of the district. Coordination among key stakeholders should be strengthened for the implementation of disaster risk reduction measures and effective emergency response through assignment of

DISTRICT MATIARI 41 responsibility to each stakeholder. Stakeholders must have joint meetings to address the issues faced by them. District Disaster Management Authority should appeals for assistance through media at the national and international level. NGOs should follow the bottom up approach for the initiation of any CBDRM project. The bottom-up approach implies that whole process should start at the community level. Community members should invite to participate in every step of the planning process. It will give a sense of ownership to the community who in turn constructively contribute to achieve project objectives. Moreover Tribal heads can facilitate the govt. and NGOs in implementation of DRM projects. District Disaster Management Authority and NGOs should employ the requisite staff who have a combination of practical experience and up to date theoretical knowledge related to Disaster Management and Sustainable development (Disaster Managers, Rescue and Relief providers etc.), should stockpile equipment (Boats, Jackets, medicine, food etc.) to build institutional capacity at the district level.

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5 Coordination and Support Services 5.1 Important Contacts

5.1.1 Departmental Focal Points Telephone Numbers S# Department Office In charge Designation Location Office Mobile Fayyaz Hussain abbasi DC Matiari 022-2760033 - Naseer Ahmad 1 ADC-1 Matiari 0222 760080 Administration Nareejo Muhammad Hassan ADC-2 Matiari 0222-760034 Ujjan Manzoor Ali Khayta SSP Matiari 022-2760020 0300-377981

Mushtak Almani SHO Saeedabad 022-2767222 - Farman Ageem SHO Hala 022-3332148 - Dildar Sahto SHO Bhit Shah 022-2762248 - Nisar Ahmed Soomro SHO Bhanoth 0300-2845407 -

Easa Diahri SHO Matiari 022-2760208 - 2 Police Aslam bulo SHO Sekhat - 0306-3093092

Darya Khan Khaskheli SHO jakhari - 0300-3795576 Mir Javaid talpur SHO Khebrani 022-2029033 - Odero Lal Ghulam Abas Rind SHO village - 0301-3524106 Odero Tharo Khan bhatti SHO stataion - 0300-3045268 Mr. khan Muhammad Deputy Director- 3 Agriculture Matiari 0222-760040 - Kalwar Agriculture 4 Social Welfare Madam Sheela District Officer Matiari 0222-760100 5 Health Hassan Murad Shah EDO Health Matiari 0222-760029 0300-3012826

Director officer 6 Education Mehmood Qureshi Matiari 0222-760899 Education 7 Work & Services Habib Ullah Sheikh EDO Matiari 0222-760044 - Livestock’s 8 Junaid Rao District Officer Matiari 0222-760988

Source: DCO office Matiari

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5.1.2 Emergency Response S.No Name or Organizations Office Contact 1 Edhi Ambulance 022-3332413 2 Natural Gas Complaints 1199/258 3 Police Emergency 15 4 Telephone (Complaint) 1218 5 Telephone Enquiry 1217 6 PIA Flight enquiry 114

5.1.3 List of NGOs Working in District Name Contact

Association for Water Applied Education and Renewable Energy (AWARE) 0232-273054 Matiari Rural Development Society (BRDS) 0297-861146/ 0297 -737015 Building Advanced Society through Integrated Community (BASIC) Development Foundation 0222-652301

Community Initiatives for Development in Pakistan 0222-933344 Devcon 022-2560503 Fast Rural Development Programme (FRDP) 0222-651015 Foundation for Urban & Rural Development (FURD) 0312-3355111 Goth Seengar Foundation (GSF) 071-5630589

Health and Nutrition Development Society 021-34532804 Helping Hand for Relief and Development (HHRD) 051-8438800/ 051-8438801, 8438802

Indus Welfare Association 0235 – 813310/ 0300 – 3093616

Insaf Social Welfare Association (ISWA) 071-5633574/ 0300-3138944 John Social Welfare Organization (JSWO) 071-5690258/ 0321 3114009 Laar Humantarian and Development Program (LHDP) 0297-727110/0346-3752227 Lead Against Marginality & Poverty - Pakistan (LAMP) 022-3032715 National Rural Support Programme 051-2822319/051-2822324/051- 2822792 Organization for Social Development Initiatives 021-32446208/021-32446209/021- 32461723 Organization for Social Development Initiatives (OSDI) 021-32446208 -021- 32446209 PAIMAN Alumni Trust 051-2506265/051-2500196 Pakistan Red Crescent Society 051-9250404-5 Qatar Charity (QC) 051-2212240-41 Rural Development Foundation (RDF) 0300-3055698/ 03332991305 Sami Foundation 0238-571593/ 0238-571895 Secours Islamique France (SIF) 0333-5057227/ 0333-917-5391

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Name Contact

Sindh Agricultural and Forestry Workers Coordinating Organization (SAFWCO) 022-26509 96/ 022-2655160

Sindh Health & Education Development Society (SHEDS) 022-2633163

Sindh Radiant Organization (SRO) 0298-770255/ 03007031715 Sindh Rural Development Organization 0303-3407160 Sindh Rural Support Program (SRSP) 022-2654446/ 0235-62276 Strengthening Participatory Organization (SPO) 051-2228681-4 Sustainable Environment and Development Foundation 0334-3490352 Thardeep Rural Development Program (TRDP) 0232-261462/ 0232-261661 Source: www.himpakistan.pk 5.2 Health Facilities

5.2.1 List of health facilities in District Matiari Taluka Union Council Health Facility Name HF_TYPE

Hala Bhanooth TALUKA HOSPITAL, HALA HOSPITAL Hala Bhit Shah RHC Bhit Shah Rural Health Centre Hala Bhanooth BHU Saeed Khan Laghari BASIC HEALTH UNIT Hala Hala Old BHU Khando BASIC HEALTH UNIT

Karam Khan Hala BHU Karam Khan Nizamani BASIC HEALTH UNIT Nizamation Hala Hala Old BHU Hala Old BASIC HEALTH UNIT Hala Bhanooth BHU Bhanooth BASIC HEALTH UNIT Hala Hala 2 G.D Punhlkhan Jamali Dispensary Hala Hala Old G.D Khanooth Dispensary Hala Hala Old D.C Disp. Mori Muhammad Khan Dispensary Hala Hala Old MCH Hala Old MCHC/CHC Matiari Oderolal Station RHC Oderolal Station Rural Health Centre Matiari Nagarpur RHC Nasarpur Rural Health Centre

Matiari Sekhat RHC Khyber Rural Health Centre Matiari Oderolal Village BHU Tahir Hingoro BASIC HEALTH UNIT Matiari Sekhat BHU Sekhat BASIC HEALTH UNIT Matiari Oderoalal Village BHU Oderolal Village BASIC HEALTH UNIT

Matiari Tajpur BHU Allah Dinosand BASIC HEALTH UNIT Shah Alam Matiari BHU Laloo Mangwano BASIC HEALTH UNIT Shahwari

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Taluka Union Council Health Facility Name HF_TYPE

Faqir Nooh Matiari BHU Faqir Hooh Nothiani BASIC HEALTH UNIT Hothiani Matiari Bao Khan Pathan BHU Bao Khan Pathan BASIC HEALTH UNIT Matiari Shah Alam Shah G.D Soomro Chand Dispensary Faqir Nooh Matiari G.D Sher MD Thorha Dispensary Hothiani Matiari Bao Khan Pathan G.D Shahmeer Jiwari Dispensary Matiari Oderolal Village G.D Dhaloo Khaskeli Dispensary Matiari Sekhat G. D Juma Shahok Dispensary Matiari Bao Khan Pathan DCD Palijani Dispensary

Saeedabad Bhale Dino Kaka RHC B.D Kaka Rural Health Centre Saeedabad Shahmir Rahoo BHU Shahmir Rahoo BASIC HEALTH UNIT Saeedabad Zair Pir BHU Yousif Hajano BASIC HEALTH UNIT Saeedabad Bhale Dino Kaka BHU Sirachon Kaka BASIC HEALTH UNIT Saeedabad Bhale Dino Kaka BHU Nabi Bux Jamali BASIC HEALTH UNIT Saeedabad Zair Pir BHU Maharshah BASIC HEALTH UNIT Saeedabad Shahmir Rahoo BHU Illyas Abrejo BASIC HEALTH UNIT Saeedabad B.D Kaka BHU Bago Khan Jamali BASIC HEALTH UNIT Saeedabad Saeedabad G.D Old Saeedabad Dispensary

Saeedabad Saeedabad G.D Old Saeedabad Dispensary Saeedabad Zair Pir G.D Awal Chhachar Dispensary Saeedabad Zeer Peer D.C Disp. Zeer Peer Dispensary Saeedabad Zeer Peer D.C Disp. Rano Bughio Dispensary