Brief Study on the Ethnic Cuisines of Assam
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International Journal of Research e-ISSN: 2348-6848 p-ISSN: 2348-795X Available at https://edupediapublications.org/journals Volume 04 Issue14 November 2017 Challenges of globalization on local cuisine: Brief study on the ethnic cuisines of Assam Nurmahmud Ali & Earnest Anand 1Assistant Professor, School of Hotel Management and Tourism, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab, Email- [email protected], 2Assistant Professor, School of Hotel Management and Tourism, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab, Email- [email protected] Abstract The concept of globalization has Assam begins with Khar and ends with a kicked a longstanding debate about the Tenga. A recent research says that the advantages and disadvantages of tourism of combination of Khar and Tenga served on the local cultures. On the one hand, there is revival brass metal utensils keeps some rare infection of the indigenous craft, cuisine, music and away from our body. In Assam, there are more dance; in more metaphorical term, in turn; it is than twelve varieties of rice and uncountable reasserting the rights of the particular social species of delicious fishes. Each Assamese group through their cultural code. On the other dish has an ayurvedic end, thus in the time of hand, the revival only for the sake of tourist‟s junk food and fast food, the traditional „gaze‟ and „taste‟ is a kind of slow-poisoning Assamese dishes stand sharply against the which ultimately ends up in destroying the world of unhealthy cuisines. The use of local identity of the particular socio-cultural group. ingredients with special treatments makes the The present paper will examine the macro- Assamese cuisine very popular not only in level theoretical discussion of the „globalizing North East of India but also it gains its the locals‟ through a telescopic study of the momentum throughout the Northern India, traditional and tribal cuisines of Assam. The recently. cuisines of Assam are a mixture of different indigenous styles with considerable regional Key Words: Globalization; Traditional variations. The Assamese cuisines, both Cuisine; Social Group vegetarian and non-vegetarian dishes are Introduction: characterized by very little use of spice but a Globalization has kicked a special strong flavor due to the use of endemic longstanding debate about the advantages and exotic herbs, fruits and vegetables – fresh, disadvantages of tourism of local cultures. dried and fermented. A traditional meal of Globalization and tourism have become a Available online: https://edupediapublications.org/journals/index.php/IJR/ P a g e | 2855 International Journal of Research e-ISSN: 2348-6848 p-ISSN: 2348-795X Available at https://edupediapublications.org/journals Volume 04 Issue14 November 2017 deadly mix for indigenous peoples. Tourism's money to travel can purchase a week or two of impact on indigenous peoples' way of life and another culture or part of nature) creates on their control of and access to their resources numerous and serious repercussions for host and environment has become more destinations and their environments. Tourism pronounced with globalization of the world is deeply rooted in a history of colonization economy. For several decades now, tourism and unequal relations between people and has been a major source of revenue for regions. Therefore, the effects of tourism countries, specifically in the Third World. Its cannot only be measured in terms of growth has been nothing short of phenomenal. employment generation, degree of pollution, In the 1950s, 25 million people travelled to a infrastructure development, and loss of foreign destination. In the 1960s, this grew to biodiversity. 70 million. By 1997, 617 million tourists had Overview of Assamese Cuisine History: been reported by the Madrid-based World Tourism Organization to have travelled to The Cuisine of Assam is a mixture of foreign countries. It is no wondered therefore different indigenous styles with considerable that cash-starved Third World countries view regional variations and some external tourism as a shortcut to rapid development. Its influences. It is characterized by very little use potential to earn billions of dollars easily has of spices but strong flavors due mainly to the resulted in it being viewed as a panacea for use of endemic exotic herbs, fruits and debt-ridden countries. But more than this, vegetables that are fresh, dried or fermented. tourism has become part and parcel of Assamese cuisine is an adventure on its own multilateral financial institutions' package for even though meat dishes are hard to find in it. financial bail-outs for countries in distress. With mostly fish and vegetarian dishes, it is Tourism is now being pursued as a serious still a delicious and convenient cuisine. development strategy for the Third World. Historically, Assamese cuisine has brought with it many traditional and simple dishes. Commodification is rampant in the Many of these have been known for a long tourism industry. Peoples and cultures are put time, and their methods of preparation have on display on postcards, promotional literature, hardly changed. In order to cook them, there and in their own homes when tourists arrive. are simple techniques employed that were The concept of "the right to a vacation" in practiced many years ago. If anyone keen to industrialized countries (anyone with the follow a good diet Assamese cuisine is Available online: https://edupediapublications.org/journals/index.php/IJR/ P a g e | 2856 International Journal of Research e-ISSN: 2348-6848 p-ISSN: 2348-795X Available at https://edupediapublications.org/journals Volume 04 Issue14 November 2017 certainly low on calorie content because fish that the grain was first domesticated in the and rice are the staple foods. Vegetables and Assam-Yunnan region. The most popular class lentils are very commonly used in main course of rice is the joha. Rice is eaten in many meals in addition to fish. Wide varieties of different forms: roasted and ground (xandoh), food including meat dishes may be included at boiled in its husk and flattened (chira), puffed times of celebration at banquets. Through (akhoi). There also grows a variety of rice that time, Assamese cuisine has focused on its can be just soaked and eaten (Komal Saul). limited use of spices, and quantities of salt and Rice is a part of all meals in Assam. A oil used. It is known Assamese cuisine tends to traditional breakfast consists of chira with use a minimum of these in order to produce yogurt and jaggery. Farmers eat cooked rice simple dishes that taste nice. With this soaked overnight (poita bhat) garnished with practice, one can say that food loaded with mustard oil, onions, etc. Snacks would be spices and salt or for that matter is not really xandoh, Komal Saul or bora saul with milk. required in order for it taste great. This is in For other major meals, rice could be boiled, fact a great quality of this food. steamed or wrapped in leaves and roasted. Sweets made during the festivals are (b) Fish: The next most important usually made of rice paste. Pitha is a paper- ingredient is the fish, harvested from the many thin pancake stuffed with sweet coconut paste rivers, ponds and lakes in the region. There is or sweet black sesame seed paste. no traditional ethnic community in Assam that A traditional meal in Assam begins with a does not eat fish. Most traditional rural khar, a class of dishes named after the main households have their own ponds for ingredient, and ends with a tenga, a sour dish. pisciculture. Some of the most popular fishes These two dishes characterize a traditional are the rou (Labeo rohita), the illish meal in Assam. The food is usually served in (Tenualosa ilisha) and the chital (Chitala bell metal utensils made by an indigenous chitala), though the varieties of fish available community called Mariya. Tamul (betel nut, and eaten is very large. The discerning generally raw) and paan generally concludes gourmand would be able to tell which region the meal. of Assam is known for which variety of fish. The most popular dish from Assam, the tenga, (a) Rice: Rice is the most important is an indispensable part of a proper meal in ingredient in this cuisine. The large varieties of Assam. rice found in the region have led to speculation Available online: https://edupediapublications.org/journals/index.php/IJR/ P a g e | 2857 International Journal of Research e-ISSN: 2348-6848 p-ISSN: 2348-795X Available at https://edupediapublications.org/journals Volume 04 Issue14 November 2017 Green vegetables: Assam is very rich in and meats used generally. Indeed, the most vegetation, and green leafy vegetables, called stimulating of these appetizers can be chosen. xaak, are an important part of the cuisine. They are not spicy, but are just right for Some of them are grown while others like the stimulating your gastric juices. At the same dhekia (fern) grow wild. There is a time, if you are extremely hungry, you bewildering variety that is eaten and according stomach is soothed too. Assamese cuisine is to custom, one has to have a hundred different truly a complete one with these kinds of xaaks (greens) during Rongali Bihu. Locally appetizers and other main course meals. available green leafy vegetables are: Paleng Beverages: Beverages in a cuisine are (spinach), lai (a family of mustard greens), important, and in Assamese cuisine has the methi (fenugreek greens), khutora (amaranth), same. It has the well-known „chah‟ or tea that moricha, matikaduri, manimuni (asiatic is popular throughout India. This can be made pennywort), podina (mint), tengesi in various forms, depending on what anybody (dichondra), kolmou (water spinach), brahmi may like. Tea may be consumed at any time of (water hyssop), dhonia (celery or corriander), the day, and it is also common to have it after bhedailota etc.