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Reef Check Australia South East Queensland Season Summary Report 2013

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Reef Check Australia South East Queensland Season Summary Report 2013 Reef Check Australia South East Queensland Season Summary Report 2013 Reef Check Foundation Ltd A. Hutchison, C. Rempel, V. Taveras, J. Loder and J. Salmond www.reefcheckaustralia.org 2013 This project was made possible by a network of dedicated volunteers, generous dive operators, wise advisors, innovative collaborators and supportive funding agencies. Thank you to the dedicated volunteers who have contributed to survey activities: Candice Rempel, Simone Bosshart, Shary Braithwaite, Jon Doughty, Terry Farr, Alex Lea, Andrew Hutchison, Tony Isaacson, Diana Klein, Eva Kovacs, Justin Marriner, Josh Passenger, Julie Schubert, Fiona Sinnett-Smith, Douglas Stetner and Vanessa Taveras. A special note of acknowledgement to our trainers and staff: Pete Faulkner, David Glover, Jody Kreuger, Jennifer Loder, Jodi Salmond and Chris Roelfsema. This project was proudly funded by the the Queensland Government's Everyone’s Environment grant program, Sunshine Coast Council, the Australian Government's Caring for our Country and Air Asia. Thank you to industry supporters who provided in-kind support during this survey season for surveys, volunteer training and clean-up events, including: SEQ Catchments Ltd, Dive Noosa, Go Dive Brisbane, Manta Lodge & Scuba Centre, Nautilus Scuba Centre, Point Lookout Scuba Dive Charters, Scuba World, Sunreef Scuba Diving Services, and Transit Systems. Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Key Findings 1.2 Regional Summary 1.3 Monitoring Sites 2.0 Fraser Coast Sites 2.1 Barolin Rocks, Site 2 2.2 Big Woody Island, Site 2 2.3 Burkitt’s Reef 2.4 ESA Park, Site 2 2.5 Gatacker’s Reef West 3.0 Sunshine Coast 3.1 Currimundi Reef, Site 1 3.2 Currimundi Reef, Site 2 3.3 Inner Gneerings, The Caves, Site 1 3.4 Jew Shoal, The Pin, Site 1 3.5 Jew Shoal, The Pin, Site 2 3.6 Kings Beach, Site 1 3.7 Mudjimba Island, The Ledge, Site 1 3.8 Mudjimba Island, The Ledge, Site 2 3.9 Mudjimba Island, The Ledge, Site 3 3.10 Mudjimba Island, North West Reef, Site 1 Table of Contents 4.0 Moreton Bay Inshore Sites 4.1 Goat Island, Site 1 4.2 Myora Reef 4.3 Peel Island North, Site 1 4.4 Peel Island South, Site 1 Offshore Sites 4.5 Flat Rock, Shark Alley, Site 1 4.6 Flat Rock, The Nursery, Site 1 4.7 Flinders Reef, The Nursery, Site 1 4.8 Flinders Reef, The Nursery, Site 2 4.9 Flinders Reef, The Nursery, Site 3 4.10 Flinders Reef, Aladdin’s Cave, Site 1 4.11 Shag Rock, North, Site 1 4.12 Shag Rock, South, Site 1 5.0 Gold Coast Sites 5.1 Gold Coast Seaway Southwest Wall, Site 1 5.2 Palm Beach Reef, Site 1 6.0 Literature Cited 1.0 Introduction Reef Check Australia (RCA) has been supporting volunteer reef monitoring projects on Australian reefs since 2001. For the past 12 years, our surveys have helped to collect long-term data relating to reef health at a local, national and global scale. RCA’s survey methods collect quantitative data in relation to abundance of key invertebrate species and target fish species as well as substrate cover. Additionally, natural and anthropogenic impacts affecting reef habitats are also monitored. This report presents a summary of the findings for surveys conducted in South East Queensland (SEQ) during the 2013 season. Teams of trained volunteers monitored a total of 30 sites on 18 different reefs, which included survey sites ranging from Bundaberg on the Fraser Coast to Palm Beach on the Gold Coast. In total, an area of 12,0000m² of reef habitat was surveyed. This survey season RCA established 7 new research sites. Three new dive sites were implemented at Mudjimba Island (Sunshine Coast) to provide enhanced representation of reef habitats and human use areas. A new site was established at Jew Shoal (Sunshine Coast) to provide additional information about this substantial reef location, which is heavily utilised for fishing and diving, and is in close proximity to the Noosa river mouth. The three new research locations in Hervey Bay (Fraser Coast) helped to build on newly established sites from 2012. Several existing Reef Check Australia monitoring locations were not visited during the 2013 survey season due to weather conditions or funding resources. 1.0 Introduction SEQ represents a transitional area where temperate, tropical and sub-tropical species exist within the same habitat area (Perry & Larcombe 2003). The region is of significant importance because its waterways are impacted by a rapidly increasing population, which in turn affect coastal areas. With population growth estimated to reach 4 million people in 2026, the marine ecosystem along SEQ will be further impacted. Environmental factors such as poor light, temperature, and turbidity (Fellegara & Harrison 2008) can smother living corals and prevent larval recruitment of reef-building corals. These impacts will further be compounded by stresses such as habitat loss, nutrient runoff, boating and anchoring impacts, overfishing, marine debris and climate change. SEQ includes various coral communities with a diverse and extensive range of coral growth forms, including offshore sites like Flinders where scientists have recorded up to 119 different coral species (Harrison, Harriot, Banks & Holmes 1998). There are also many other locations with considerable historical and existing coral cover (Wallace, Fellegara, Muir, & Harrison 2009), however, long-term monitoring of these habitats is currently limited. As habitats and species shift as a result of climate change and anthropogenic impacts, SEQ has garnered recognition as an important area to study and protect (Wallace, Fellegara, Muir, & Harrison 2009), particularly due to its unique assemblages of marine species. RCA’s monitoring program provides important long-term data to assess changing health conditions of reefs within SEQ and support appropriate management responses to ensure their long-term survival. 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Key Findings The 2013 survey season included the monitoring of 30 survey sites. Of these, 23 were existing survey sites and 8 were new. One site, the Gold Coast seaway, is an artificial structure where hard coral growth has never been recorded. It is excluded from hard coral cover analysis in this report. As a result of time constraints, a belt survey was not conducted at Flinders Reef, The Nursery, Site 1, therefore data for only 29 belt surveys will be presented. Substrate •Of the 23 existing sites surveyed, 12 sites (55%) experienced a decrease in hard coral cover while an increase in cover was seen at 9 sites. •Hard coral cover ranged from 1% at Barolin Rocks, Site 2 to 68% at Flinders Reef, The Nursery, Site 3. Through all the sites, there was an average hard coral cover of 24% and a median of 22%. •The most significant substrate type recorded across all 30 surveys was rock, with an average coverage of 39% per survey. Coral bleaching •Bleaching was recorded at 80% (n=24) of the sites surveyed with an average of just under 4% of the whole coral population on transect being bleached. •Of the corals that experienced bleaching, an average of 10% of the coral colony was found to be bleached. •Moreton Bay sites had the highest regional bleaching average, with just under 7% population level impacts across all sites. 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Key Findings (Continued) Coral damage •61 counts of other coral damage were recorded over 20 of the 29 surveys. This equates to an average of 3 counts per survey, with a maximum of 5 counts on a single survey. Five surveys recorded 5 counts of coral damage, including: Goat Island, Site 1; Jew Shoal, Site 2; Kings Beach, Site 1; Mudjimba Island, NorthWest Reef, Site 1 and Myora Reef, Site 1. •4 counts of anchor damage were recorded in total, with 2 instances at Peel Island, North, Site 1. Coral disease •A total of 35 instances of coral disease were recorded over 11 surveys. The highest abundance (8) occurred at Mudjimba Island, The Ledge, Site 2. Marine debris •78 counts of marine debris were recorded on surveys. The Gold Coast Seaway and Peel Island North, Site 1 had the highest counts of marine debris (n=10). •Fishing line was found on 17 of the 29 surveys with a total of 68 counts recorded. •The most significant recording of fishing line took place at South Peel Island (n=10), in contrast to the 2 counts recorded at North Peel Island, a Marine National Park zone. Coral scarring •Of the 209 counts of coral scarring recorded, 183 were unknown scars with a maximum of 42 being recorded at Inner Gneerings, The Caves, Site 2. Drupella sp. snails •Out of the 29 surveys, Drupella Snails were recorded on 13. A total of 96 Drupella snails were recorded, with a maximum of 38 recorded on a single survey (Barolin Rocks Reef, Site 2). •Drupella scars were observed at 8 of the 29 sites with the highest abundance (10) at Flat Rock Island, Shark Gulley, Site 1. 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Key Findings (Continued) Invertebrate Abundance •Long spined (Diadema) urchins were the most abundant invertebrate recorded with a total of 199 counts. The highest count, 61, was recorded at Palm Beach Reef, Site 1. •12 Giant Clams were recorded over the season with 3 being recorded at both Palm Beach Reef, Site 1 and South Peel Island, Site 1. •Over the 29 surveys only 1 banded coral shrimp was seen. •No COTS or Trochus were recorded during the 2013 survey season. Fish Abundance •Fish surveys were carried out on 10 of the 30 survey dives. •Of the target species, butterflyfish were the most abundant with a total of 36 counts over the 30 surveys. 22 of the 36 were recorded at Flat Rock, Shark Gulley, Site 1.
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