Avanos Kültür Varlıkları Çalışması, Kapadokya Bölgesinde Suyun

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Avanos Kültür Varlıkları Çalışması, Kapadokya Bölgesinde Suyun MAKALE MEGARON 2015;10(4):595-609 DOI: 10.5505/MEGARON.2015.00533 Avanos Kültür Varlıkları Çalışması, Kapadokya Bölgesinde Suyun İzi Cultural Heritage Study of Avanos, Cappadocia in Relation to its Waterfront Hülya BERKMEN ÖZ ABSTRACT Yerleşmelerin tarihsel süreçleri, gelişimleri, kimlikleri işlevsel When historical development and identity of settlements is ana- açıdan irdelendiğinde temelde birbirinden farklı iki oluşum lyzed functionally, two very different formations stand out. One dikkat çekmektedir. Bunlardan birisi her yerleşmede var olan concerns man-made elements and their functions, which have ve yerleşmeler tarafından zaman içinde geliştirilen, zengin- been developed and enriched over time, and are present in every leştirilen, insan eliyle oluşturulan öğeler ve bu öğelere bağlı settlement. The second concerns elements particular to a settle- olarak gelişen işlevler, ikincisi ise sadece bazı yerleşmelerde ment that determine its role, history, and identity, and dictate its var olan ve söz konusu yerleşmelerin kimliğini, tarihini, üstlen- functions. The present study addresses water as the reason for dikleri rolleri belirleyen, yerleşmenin işlevlerinin oluşmasını the existence of certain settlements. The region of Cappadocia is sağlayan öğelerdir. Bu makalede bazı yerleşmelerde var olan located on the banks of Kızılırmak River, or “Red River,” which is ve yerleşmelerin varoluş sebebi olan “su” öğesi üzerinde durul- the longest river in the second largest basin in Turkey. While the maktadır. Araştırmaya konu olan Kapadokya Bölgesi Türkiye’nin Kızılırmak has played an active role in both the physical forma- ikinci en büyük su havzasının içinde ve en uzun akarsuyu olan tion and cultural structure of the region, it has had a greater Kızılırmak’ın kıyısında yer almaktadır. Kızılırmak Kapadokya ve effect on the identity, development, and economic structure of Kayalık Kapadokya bölgesinde diğer yerleşmelerden daha bü- the settlement of Avanos, located on the river’s banks. Here, the yük bir etkiyi Avanos’un kimliği, ekonomik yapısı ve gelişme “water element” includes not only the Red River, but all water sürecinde göstermiştir. Bu çalışmada Avanos yerleşmesinin resources, such as streams that feed the river and ground wa- tarihsel süreci, su ile ilişkisi ve bu ilişkinin yerleşme kimliği üze- ter. The relationship with water and its effects on the historical rindeki etkileri, turizm ekonomisi bağlamında alanın planlama process and identity of Avanos is discussed, with an emphasis on sorunları ile birlikte tartışılmaktadır. the tourism economy and planning issues of the region. Anahtar sözcükler: Kıyı yerleşmeleri; kültürel miras; turizm ekono- Keywords: Waterfront settlements; cultural heritage; tourism econ- misi. omy. Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi Mimarlık Fakültesi, Şehir ve Bölge Planlama Bölümü, İstanbul. Başvuru tarihi: 04 Kasım 2015 - Kabul tarihi: 13 Kasım 2015 İletişim: Hülya BERKMEN. e-posta: [email protected] © 2015 Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi Mimarlık Fakültesi - © 2015 Yıldız Technical University, Faculty of Architecture m garonjournal.com m CİLT VOL. 10 - SAYI NO. 4 595 Giriş yer alan Avanos yerleşmesinin tarihsel süreci, su ile iliş- Dünya üzerinde başta gelen medeniyetlerin su kı- kisi ve bu ilişkinin yerleşme kimliği üzerindeki etkileri, yıları üzerinde yer aldıkları1 ve su kıyısında gelişen bu üçüncü bölümde ise küresel politikalar ve özellikle tu- medeniyetlerin zaman içinde biriktirdikleri değerlerin rizm ekonomisi bağlamında çalışma alanının planlama kültürel çeşitliliğin oluşumunda temel bir etken olduğu sorunları üzerinde durulmaktadır. 2 bilinmektedir. Medeniyet – Kimlik Bugün su kıyısında bulunan ve bir biçimde, kısa süre Uygarlık tarihi yerleşmeler tarihi3 olup bu çerçevede de olsa bu medeniyetlerin herhangi bir dönemine ta- tarih boyunca coğrafyanın toplumları nasıl etkilediği ya nıklık etmiş ve suyun olanaklı kıldığı kültürel çeşitliliğe da insan topluluklarına kazandırdıkları değerler, farklı- sahip olan yerleşmeler, sadece fizik-mekan özellikleri lıklar (kimlik, kültür, teknoloji, çeşitlilik) sorgulanmak- nedeniyle de olsa ulusal-uluslararası, küresel-yerel dü- tadır. “Medeniyet” kavramı ilk kez 18. yüzyılda Fransız zeylerde ‘kültürel miras’, ‘ortak miras’, ‘sit alanı’ gibi düşünürler tarafından “barbarlık” karşıtı bir kavram korunması ve sonraki nesillere aktarılması gereken ön- olarak geliştirilmiştir. Bu kabul uzun dönemler özellikle celikli alanlar olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Bu yerleşmeleri Batılılar tarafından ulaşılması gereken bir ideal olarak korumaya değer alanlar yapan, söz konusu özgün fizik benimsetilmeye, standart ölçütlerle tanımlanmaya ça- mekanların oluşmasına neden olan temel faktörler lışılmıştır. yerleşmede suya bağlı gelişen ekonomik, örgütsel, kül- Medeniyet ve kültür genellikle aynı kavramlar ola- türel çeşitliliktir. rak kullanılabilmekte, belirli bir toplumda birbirlerini Türkiye’de özellikle son bir kaç yılda bu çeşitlilik ya izleyen kuşakların birinci derecede önem verdikleri da çok kültürlü yapılar konusunda özellikle Avrupa değerler, normlar, kuramlar ve düşünce biçimlerini Birliği kapsamında yeni politikalar izlenmektedir. Son içermektedir.4 Kültürel yapı kavramı -sosyoloji ve ant- altmış yıldır Avrupa Birliği’ne girme hedefiyle ve özel- ropolojide olduğu gibi- planlama çalışmalarında da likle 2000 yılından itibaren Avrupa Birliği ile olan ilişki- yerleşmelerin kimliklerini, içinde bulundukları bölge lerin hızlanıp yavaşladığı süreçte ülke politikalarının ve ya da alt bölgelerde üstlendikleri rolleri açıklamak için uluslararası müzakerelerin önemli bir bölümünü Türki- kullanılan bir kavramdır. Bu noktada ‘kimlik’ kavramı- ye’deki kültürel çeşitlilik oluşturmaktadır. nın değişken, dinamik bir kavram olduğunun, durağan Yerel ve merkezi yönetimler böylesi alanların bir kalamayacağının altını çizmek gerekmektedir. ‘Kimlik’ yandan sürdürülebilirliğinin sağlanması ve korunma- kavramı canlılar ya da nesneler için ayırt edici, farklılığı sı için çabalar harcar ve planlama çalışmalarıyla bu yaratan özellikler olarak tanımlanabilir.5 Yerleşmelerin yerleşmeleri odak noktaları haline getirirlerken diğer farklı yapıları yerleşme kimliği kavramıyla açıklanmak- yandan ekonomik, politik, yararlar sağlamak üzere söz tadır. Bu kimlik uzun bir zaman dilimi içinde biçimlenip, konusu yerleşmelere alt bölge, bölge ya da ülke bütü- yerleşmenin coğrafi yapısı, kültürel düzeyi, mimarisi, nünde sürekli yeni roller vererek ve koruma politika- yerleşme dokusu, yerel gelenekleri, yaşam biçimi gibi larıyla örtüşmeyen planlama kararları alarak çelişkiye tüm niteliklerinin karışımıyla biçimlenir.6 Yerleşme kim- düşmektedirler. liğini oluşturan en önemli faktör doğal yapıyı oluşturan Bu makalede bir akarsu havzası olan çalışma alanını öğelerin farklılığı olup, bu farklılıklar yerleşmeleri birbi- su, su kıyısı, suya bağlı gelişen ekonomik yapı, suyun rinden ayırır, tanımlar, özgün kılar ve kimliği oluşturur. taşıdığı kültür, çokkültürlülük ilişkisi içinde irdelene- Beşeri kimliği oluşturan ise birey ve toplumdur. Bireyin 7 rek küresel politikalar, turizm ekonomisi ve planlanma kimliği yaşadığı çevre içinde olgunlaşır. Kendi geçmi- bağlamındaki sorunlar ortaya konmaktadır. Özellikle şiyle ilgili bilinçli, bilinçsiz tüm algıları, bilgileri, birikim tartışılmak istenen; medeniyet, kimlik, çokkültürlülük ve deneyimleri, düşünceleri, davranışları, gelecek ile kavramları arasında hem kavramsal, politik, örgütsel ilgili beklentileri ve tahminleri, gereksinim ve istekleri hem de mekansal anlamda bağlantılar bulunduğunu ayrıca içinde yaşadığı topluluğun adet, gelenek, inanç- seçilen “su kıyısı yerleşme’’ özelinde ortaya koymaktır. ları kimliğini biçimlendirir. Bu nedenle ‘kimlik’ belirli bir zaman içindeki kültürel yapının sahip olduğu nitelik Makalenin birinci bölümünde medeniyet, kimlik, olarak anlaşılmalıdır. Medeniyetler açısından ‘kimlik’ kültür, çokkültürlülük kavramları su öğesi kapsamın- da ele alınmakta, ikinci bölümde araştırma alanı olan 3 4 Kapadokya Bölgesi ve bölge içinde Kızılırmak kıyısında Z. Yenen, İnsan Yerleşmelerinin Young, 1995, s.31. Evrimi Ders notları, 2010-2011 5 Robins, Morley, 1997, s.35-37. Eğitim Dönemi, Güz Yarıyılı, Yıldız 6 Teknik Üniversitesi, Mimarlık Fa- Suher, 1995, s.3-12. 1 Clay, 1979, s. 5-6. kültesi, Şehir ve Bölge Planlama 7 Önem, Kılınçaslan, 2005, s. 115- 2 Dunne, Leopold, 1978. s.46-47; Hassan, 2004 s.11. Bölümü, İstanbul. 125. 596 CİLT VOL. 10 - SAYI NO. 4 Kapadokya Bölgesinde Suyu İzleyen Kültürler kavramının ayırıcı aynı zamanda en nesnel ölçütleri ‘dil’ İşte bu farklılıkların konusu olan zaman içinde ismi ve özellikle ‘inanç’ unsurlarıdır. Bu nedenle insanlık ta- ve içeriği de farklılaşmış olan çokkültürlülüğün sözlük rihindeki temel medeniyetler büyük ölçüde dünyanın anlamı genel olarak aynı ülkede pek çok kültürün birlik- büyük dinleri ile tanımlanmış olup özellikle Hıristiyanlık te varoluşudur. Geçmişte birçok toplumun birden fazla ve İslamiyet gibi büyük dinler tarihsel süreç içinde çok kültürel topluluktan oluştuğu düşünüldüğünde bu yeni çeşitli ırklardan halkları bir araya getirmişlerdir.8 bir kavram değildir. 1996 ve 1999 yıllarında Demorgen Medeniyet geniş bir kavram olup milliyetler, dinsel ve Glazer tarafından yapılan araştırmalar çokkültürlü- gruplar, etnik gruplar gibi farklılıkları kapsamaktadır. lük konusunun tartışmayı yapan disiplin, ülke, kültür Örneğin Türkiye’nin kuzeyindeki bir köyün kültürü gü- ve hatta konunun tartışıldığı döneme göre içeriğinin ve neyindeki bir köyün kültüründen farklı olabilir ama isminin değiştiğini göstermektedir.
Recommended publications
  • Genome Size Variation Among Natural Populations of Brachypodium Distachyon and B
    Turkish Journal of Botany Turk J Bot (2019) 43: 196-207 http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/botany/ © TÜBİTAK Research Article doi:10.3906/bot-1807-96 Genome size variation among natural populations of Brachypodium distachyon and B. hybridum collected from different regions of Turkey 1, 2 2 Gülsemin SAVAŞ TUNA *, İsmet BAŞER , Metin TUNA 1 Tekirdağ Anatolian High School, Tekirdağ, Turkey 2 Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Namık Kemal University, Tekirdağ, Turkey Received: 30.07.2018 Accepted/Published Online: 05.01.2019 Final Version: 07.03.2019 Abstract: Brachypodium distachyon (L.) P.Beauv. is a model grass species that is useful for studying temperate cereal, forage, and energy crops. In this study we aimed to determine the genome size and species identity in the collections of the B. distachyon complex that included samples from 56 different locations in Turkey, applying chromosome counting and nuclear genome size evaluation by flow cytometry method (FCM). Moreover, the study examined whether diverse geographical conditions at the collecting sites influence the genome size. Chromosomal analysis revealed that the number of B. distachyon (x = 5, 2n = 10) genotypes was 48 and the number of B. hybridum (x = 5 + 10, 2n = 30) ones was 11. No genotypes of B. stacei were found. FCM analyses revealed that the minimum and maximum genome size of B. distachyon was 0.732 and 0.752 pg2C–1, respectively. The mean genome size of B. distachyon was 0.743 pg2C–1. The mean genome size of B. hybridum was 1.431 pg2C–1 with the minimum 1.417 pg2C–1 and maximum 1.451 pg2C–1.
    [Show full text]
  • Analyzing the Aspects of International Migration in Turkey by Using 2000
    MiReKoc MIGRATION RESEARCH PROGRAM AT THE KOÇ UNIVERSITY ______________________________________________________________ MiReKoc Research Projects 2005-2006 Analyzing the Aspects of International Migration in Turkey by Using 2000 Census Results Yadigar Coşkun Address: Kırkkonoaklar Mah. 202. Sokak Utku Apt. 3/1 06610 Çankaya Ankara / Turkey Email: [email protected] Tel: +90. 312.305 1115 / 146 Fax: +90. 312. 311 8141 Koç University, Rumelifeneri Yolu 34450 Sarıyer Istanbul Turkey Tel: +90 212 338 1635 Fax: +90 212 338 1642 Webpage: www.mirekoc.com E.mail: [email protected] Table of Contents Abstract....................................................................................................................................................3 List of Figures and Tables .......................................................................................................................4 Selected Abbreviations ............................................................................................................................5 1. Introduction..........................................................................................................................................1 2. Literature Review and Possible Data Sources on International Migration..........................................6 2.1 Data Sources on International Migration Data in Turkey..............................................................6 2.2 Studies on International Migration in Turkey..............................................................................11
    [Show full text]
  • Post-Late Cretaceous Rotational Evolution of Neotethyan Sutures Around Ankara Region
    POST-LATE CRETACEOUS ROTATIONAL EVOLUTION OF NEOTETHYAN SUTURES AROUND ANKARA REGION A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF NATURAL AND APPLIED SCIENCES OF MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY BY MURAT ÖZKAPTAN IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN GEOLOGICAL ENGINEERING JANUARY 2016 Approval of the thesis: POST-LATE CRETACEOUS ROTATIONAL EVOLUTION OF NEOTETHYAN SUTURES AROUND ANKARA REGION submitted by MURAT ÖZKAPTAN in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Geological Engineering Department, Middle East Technical University by, Prof. Dr. Gülbin Dural Ünver _____________________ Dean, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences Prof. Dr. Erdin Bozkurt _____________________ Head of Department, Geological Engineering Prof. Dr. Nuretdin Kaymakcı _____________________ Supervisor, Geological Engineering Dept., METU Assist. Prof. Dr. A. Arda Özacar. _____________________ Co-Supervisor, Geological Engineering Dept., METU Examining Committee Members: Prof. Dr. Erdin Bozkurt _____________________ Geological Engineering Dept., METU Prof. Dr. Nuretdin Kaymakcı _____________________ Supervisor, Geological Engineering Dept., METU Prof. Dr. Kadir Dirik _____________________ Geological Engineering Dept., HÜ Prof. Dr. Hasan Sözbilir _____________________ Geological Engineering Dept., DEÜ Assist. Prof. Dr. Erman Özsayın _____________________ Geological Engineering Dept., HÜ Date: 27.01.2016 I hereby declare that all information in this document has been obtained and presented in accordance with academic rules and ethical conduct. I also declare that, as required by these rules and conduct, I have fully cited and referenced all material and results that are not original to this work. Name, Surname: Murat ÖZKAPTAN Signature: iv ABSTRACT POST-LATE CRETACEOUS ROTATIONAL EVOLUTION OF NEOTETHYAN SUTURES AROUND ANKARA REGION Özkaptan, Murat Ph.D., Department of Geological Engineering Supervisor: Prof.
    [Show full text]
  • The Importance of Natural and Cultural Heritage in Tourism: a Case of Cappadocia
    УПРАВЛЕНИЕ И ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ MANAGEMENT AND EDUCATION TOMV (1) 2009 VOL. V (1) 2009 THE IMPORTANCE OF NATURAL AND CULTURAL HERITAGE IN TOURISM: A CASE OF CAPPADOCIA Hatice Ipek, Ceyda Melek Ceseroglu, Cevdet Avcikurt ЗНАЧЕНИЕТО НА ПРИРОДНОТО И КУЛТУРНО НАСЛЕДСТВО В ТУРИЗМА: КАПАДОКИЯ Хатидже Ипек, Сейда Мелек Чесеролу, Джевдет Авчикурт ABSTRACT: Apart from its interesting geological formation, Cappadocia has a place among the worlds rare natural and cultural centres, with its fairy chimneys, the settlements carved into the fairy chimneys, its un- derground cities, its rock churches and other beautiful elements Cappadocia, registered as “Göreme National Park of Nature and History” as number 177 in the list of “The Worlds Natural and Cultural Heritage” has its well earned place with its natural structure and its cultural di- versity. In this museum there are great number of rock hewn churches, monasteries and refectories. One can see the church that has been opened in 1967, monasteries, a mosque, tunnels and rock hewn homes in the Zelve Open Air Museum. The mosaics of the antique city of Sobessos, discovered only two years ago, the excavation of which is still being continued by the Museum of Nevşehir is one of the last surprises for those visiting Cappado- cia. Also, Cappadocia, renowned for its pottery and of course for its wine, is a region to which every visitor wishes to return again and again. In this region which is a well-known destination by international tourists, there are some weaknesses and various problems with regard to tourism, alongside its many beauties. The purpose of this study is first to intro- duce Cappadocia in terms of its geological formation, historical and cultural structure and natural beauty.
    [Show full text]
  • Turkey – Istanbul & Cappadocia
    Turkey – Istanbul & Cappadocia 10 days Tour Description Explore the land where east meets west on this 10 day trip to Istanbul and the unusual landscape of the Cappadocia region. Explore bustling markets filled with exotic wares, beautiful mosques full of decorative tiles, Oriental carpets and other treasures. Enjoy boat journeys gliding past lovely countryside views and skylines filled with mansions and palaces. Partake in traditional Turkish culture at a folk evening filled with the sights, sounds and tastes of the country. Highlights Tour the magnificent Blue Mosque Shop the fabulous Grand Bazaar Visit to the Egyptian Spice Market Boat cruise between Europe and Asia viewing palaces, mansions and villas Turkish Night experience of Turkish food, music and folk groups Explore Derinkuyu, the underground city of Cappadocia Visit the town of Avanos, famous for its earthenware pottery Sample Tour Itinerary Istanbul – 6 nights Day 1: Arrive Istanbul Arrive in Istanbul, the city that spans two continents, Europe and Asia. Transfer to your hotel. Brief orientation followed by a free day to enjoy at your own leisure. Day 2: Full day tour takes you through the splendid attractions of Istanbul. Visit St. Sophia, the most magnificent Byzantine Church. It was a mosque during the Ottoman period and a museum today. See the Byzantine Hippodrome, the former center for sports and political activities of Constantinople. View the Obelisk of Theodisius from Egypt, the Serpentine Column and the German Fountain of Wilhelm II. The Blue Mosque stands out as a magnificent 17th century Mosque famous with its six minarets and 25,000 pieces of blue Iznik tiles decorating the interior.
    [Show full text]
  • Istanbul to Cappadocia Fly to Kayseri. Transfer from The
    Tour Option 5: 3 Nights 4 Days Cappadocia Day 1 - Istanbul to Cappadocia Fly to Kayseri. Transfer from the airport to Urgup. Overnight in Cappadocia. Day 2 Begin the day in Devrent Valley, followed by Zelve Open Air Museum, one of the most impressive monastery complexes in the area. Next, visit Pasabag (also known as Monk's Valley), followed by a short drive to Avanos, a village situated on the banks of Kizilirmak River, famous for its clay pottery. After a lunch break there, where you can also participate hands-on in a pottery work shop, you will proceed to the Goreme Open Air Museum, featuring the most impressive of all rock-carved churches in Cappadocia. The last stop-off will be at Uchisar Village, located next to a natural Citadel. Overnight in Cappadocia. Day 3 The day's first stop-off is at Red Valley, presenting an opportunity to hike through orchards and vineyards, between fairy chimneys and rock-carved houses. Continue the walk in Rose Valley. Afterwards, visit the old Christian Village of Cavusin. Following a lunch break, visit Pigeon Valley, so named after the hundreds of little windows carved into the rocks to attract nesting pigeons. Then visit Kaymakli Underground City, Ortahisar Castle and Mustafapasa Village, an old Greek village also known as Sinasos. Overnight in Cappadocia. Day 4 Depart from your hotel,for Derinkuyu Underground City to visit the huge refugee settlement carved by early christians,where they could hide from persecutors. From Derinkuyu continue to the beautiful valley of Ihlara, formerly known as Peristerema. Explore the famous rock-cut churches and hike 4 km through the valley.
    [Show full text]
  • The Status of Diurnal Birds of Prey in Turkey
    j. RaptorRes. 39(1):36-54 ¸ 2005 The Raptor ResearchFoundation, Inc. THE STATUS OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREY IN TURKEY LEVENT TURAN 1 HacettepeUniversity, Faculty of Education, Department of BiologyEducation, 06532 Beytepe,Ankara, Turkey ABSTRACT.--Here,I summarize the current statusof diurnal birds of prey in Turkey This review was basedon field surveysconducted in 2001 and 2002, and a literature review.I completed661 field surveys in different regionsof Turkey in 2001 and 2002. I recorded37 speciesof diurnal raptors,among the 40 speciesknown in the country In addition, someadverse factors such as habitat loss, poisoning, killing, capturingor disturbingraptors, and damagingtheir eggswere seen during observations. KEYWORDS: EasternEurope,, population status; threats;, Turkey. ESTATUSDE LASAVES DE PRESADIURNAS EN TURQUiA RESUMEN.--Aquiresumo el estatusactual de las avesde presa diurnas en Turquia. Esta revisi6nest2 basadaen muestreosde campo conducidosen 2001 y 2002, yen una revisi6nde la literatura. Complet• 661 muestreosde campo en diferentesregiones de Turquia en 2001 y 2002. Registr• 37 especiesde rapacesdiurnas del total de 40 especiesconocidas para el pals. Ademfis,registra algunos factores ad- versoscomo p•rdida de hfibitat, envenenamiento,matanzas, captura o disturbiode rapacesy dafio de sus huevos durante las observaciones. [Traducci6n del equipo editorial] Turkey, with approximately454 bird species,has servations of diurnal raptors collected during a relatively rich avian diversity in Europe. Despite 2001-02 from locationsthroughout Turkey. recognized importance of the country in support- METHODS ing a significantbiodiversity, mapping of the avi- fauna has not occurred and there are few data on Turkey is divided into sevengeographical regions (Fig. the statusof birds in Turkey. 1; Erol et al. 1982) characterizedby variable landscape types,climate differences,and a rich diversityof fauna Among the birds of Turkey are included 40 di- Field data were obtained from surveysconducted in all urnal birds of prey and 10 owls.
    [Show full text]
  • Correlation of Ignimbrites in the Central Anatolian Volcanic Province Using Zircon and Plagioclase Ages and Zircon Compositions
    Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 213-214 (2012) 83–97 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jvolgeores Correlation of ignimbrites in the central Anatolian volcanic province using zircon and plagioclase ages and zircon compositions Erkan Aydar a,⁎, Axel K. Schmitt b,⁎⁎, H. Evren Çubukçu a, Lutfiye Akin a, Orkun Ersoy c, Erdal Sen a, Robert A. Duncan d, Gokhan Atici e a Hacettepe University Department of Geological Engineering, Beytepe, Ankara, 06800, Turkey b Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, 595 Charles Young Dr., Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1567, USA c Nigde University, Department of Geological Engineering, 51245 Nigde, Turkey d College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA e General Directorate of MTA, Department of Geology, Dumlupinar Bulvari, No: 139, 06800, Ankara, Turkey article info abstract Article history: Episodes of high eruptive fluxes (>10− 3 km3/year) in continental environments are associated with magma- Received 26 June 2011 tism related to subduction, post-orogenic collapse, intra-plate hot spots, or rifting. During such episodes, Accepted 10 November 2011 voluminous ignimbrite deposits are produced which cover landscapes over 104–105 km2. In such sequences, Available online 30 November 2011 brief eruptive recurrence and chemical similarity limit the applicability of geochronological and geochemical correlation methods.
    [Show full text]
  • Cappadocia Travel Information
    Cappadocia Travel Information The stunning landscapes of Cappadocia are best enjoyed by riding a hot air balloon They say there are few places in the world where you can get a good night’s sleep in a cave and Cappadocia in Turkey is one of them. The landscape is visually stunning and the most popular way to enjoy the scenery is by taking a hot air balloon ride. The region’s landscape was formed around 30 million years ago when volcanic activity covered it with ash. Hence, it is a land of plains as well as rugged mountains and volcanoes. It is highly unlikely for a tourist to travel for a few miles and not come across something colorful from the region’s past. Things to do in Cappadocia There are many things to see and do in Cappadocia and tourists typically require a couple of days to be able to experience all the main attractions of Cappadocia. Apart from a hot-hair balloon ride, other activities would include visits to the historic cave churches, hiking in the valley and attending chamber music concerts. The Fairy Chimneys in Cappadocia are one of the most complex wonders made by man. The early inhabitants of region believed fairies lived under the ground. For this reason, the unique valleys and unusual rock formations are known as Fairy Chimneys. These structures can attain a height of up to 40 meters and have conical shapes. UNESCO recognized the Rock Sites of Cappadocia along with the Gerome National Park as a World Heritage Site in 1985.
    [Show full text]
  • The Current Status of Ticks in Turkey: a 100-Year Period Review From
    152 Review / Derleme The Current Status of Ticks in Turkey: A 100-Year Period Review from 1916 to 2016 Türkiye’de Kenelerin Mevcut Durumu: 1916-2016 Yılları Arasındaki Yüzyıllık Periyoda Dayanan Bir Derleme Abdullah İnci, Alparslan Yıldırım, Önder Düzlü Vectors and Vector-Borne Diseases Research and Implementation Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Türkiye ABSTRACT Environmental and bio-ecological changes, some administrative and political mistakes, and global warming seriously affect the behaviors of ticks in Turkey and globally. The global public sensitivity toward tick infestations has increased along with increases in tick-borne diseases (TBDs). Recently, the World Health Organization (WHO) developed a new political concept, “One Health,” for specific struggle strategies against tick infestations and TBDs. To highlight the importance of the issue, the WHO had declared the year 2015 for vector-borne diseases and adopted the slogan “small bites big threat”. In global struggle strategies, the epidemiological aspects and dynamics of increasing tick populations and their effects on the incidence of the TBDs mainly with zoonotic characteristics have been specifically targeted. In Turkey, during the last century, approximately 47 tick species, including eight soft and 39 hard tick species in three and six genera belonging to Argasidae and Ixodidae, respectively, had already been reported. In this article, the recorded tick species, regional infestations, and medical and veterinary importance in Turkey were chronologically reviewed based on a 100-year period between 1916 and 2016. Keywords: A century-old period, current status, ticks, Turkey Received: 08.06.2016 Accepted: 28.08.2016 ÖZ Tüm dünyada olduğu gibi Türkiye’de de çevresel ve biyo-ekolojik değişiklikler, bazı idari ve politik hatalar ile küresel ısınma kenelerin dav- ranışlarını ciddi bir şekilde etkilemektedir.
    [Show full text]
  • Cappadocia.Pdf
    Cappadocia Cappadocia is a geological wonderland, is a region created by the erosion of soft volcanic stone by the wind and rain of centuries.It is renowned for its awe-inspiring natural rock formations which were utilized for everything from housing to churches and even complete underground villages. So far, thirty-six of the underground cities are known. Each of them was capable of accommodating several thousands inhabitants, supplied with water by underground springs and air through an elaborate ventilation system. Çavuşin village. Like many ancient villages of Cappadocia, old Cavusin was abandoned several decades ago due to avalanches. The current village of Cavusin is located on the road. Old Cavusin, with its rock-cut dwellings and stone houses, had several hermitages. The two most important churches in Cavusin are the Great Basilica dedicated to St. John the Baptist (located on the cliff above the village) and Cavusin Kilise.The beautiful and elegantly carved facades of the houses of old Cavusin furnish evidence of how impressive the village once was. Zelve is one of the best examples of troglodyte (cave dweller) communities in existence today, and exemplifies man's ability to adapt himself to his environment in a harmonious manner. Because the volcanic rocks and cones provided insulation from the unrelenting heat of summer and the freezing cold of winter, the cave dwellers of this region developed ingenious ways of creating comfortable living quarters, churches, monasteries, pigeon houses, and storage areas. Avanos Avanos was on an ancient trading route between the Hittite capital of Hattusa (circa 1300 BC) and the old city due south that is now called Nevsehir.
    [Show full text]
  • The Current State of Women's Co-Operatives in Turkey
    Public Disclosure Authorized THE CURRENT STATE OF WOMEN’S CO-OPERATIVES Public Disclosure Authorized IN TURKEY Prepared by: Public Disclosure Authorized Ms. Fiona Duguid, Ph.D. Ms. Gökçen Durutaş Mr. Michael Wodzicki Public Disclosure Authorized December 2015 3 THE CURRENT STATE OF WOMEN’S CO-OPERATIVES IN TURKEY Prepared by: Ms. Fiona Duguid, Ph.D. Ms. Gökçen Durutaş Mr. Michael Wodzicki * This study has been prepared for the “Increasing Women’s Access to Economic Opportunities (2012-2017)” project implemented by the World Bank and the Ministry of Family and Social Policies with the financial support of Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency. The findings in the study do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the Bank or the Ministry. 5 Table of Contents List of Figures 4 Acknowledgements 6 Scope of Research 7 List of Acronyms 8 Executive Summary 9 Context 9 Structure of Report 9 Findings 10 Chapter 1: Introduction11 1.1 Objectives of Research 11 1.2 Methodology 12 1.2.1 Survey 12 1.2.2 Interviews 14 1.2.3 Micronarratives 14 1.2.4 Literature reviews 15 1.3 Limitations of the methodology 15 Chapter 2: Women’s Participation in Labor Force and the Co-operatives in Turkey 2.1 Turkey’s economic growth and women’s labour force participation 16 2.2 Co-operatives 17 2.3 Women and co-operatives 18 2.4 Co-operatives in Turkey 20 2.5 The Turkish Co-operatives Strategy and Action Plan 2012–2016 21 2.6 Women in co-operatives in Turkey 23 Chapter 3: The Emergence of Multipurpose Women’s Co-operatives 25 3.1 Profile of women’s co-operatives
    [Show full text]